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Tutorial 1

This document provides 15 practice problems related to solving first order and higher order differential equations using various methods like separation of variables, homogeneous equations, integrating factors, reduction of order, variation of parameters, undetermined coefficients, and Cauchy-Euler equations. The problems cover topics like exponential decay, radioactive decay, mixing problems, homogeneous and separable equations, spring-mass systems, and reducing higher order equations to standard forms.

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Khushi Baghel
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37 views2 pages

Tutorial 1

This document provides 15 practice problems related to solving first order and higher order differential equations using various methods like separation of variables, homogeneous equations, integrating factors, reduction of order, variation of parameters, undetermined coefficients, and Cauchy-Euler equations. The problems cover topics like exponential decay, radioactive decay, mixing problems, homogeneous and separable equations, spring-mass systems, and reducing higher order equations to standard forms.

Uploaded by

Khushi Baghel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

MA-513 (Ordinary Differential Equations)


Tutorial-1
(First order differential equation)

1. Suppose a substance decays at a yearly rate equal to half the square of the mass of
the substance present. If we start with 50g of the substance, how long will it be until
only 25g remain?

2. A radioactive substance decays at a rate proportional to the amount present, and half
the original quantity Q0 is left after 1500 years. In how many years would the original
amount be reduced to 3Q0 /4? How much will be left after 2000 years?

3. A tank initially contains 40 pounds of salt dissolved in 600 gallons of water. Starting
at t0 = 0, water that contains 1/2 pound of salt per gallon is poured into the tank at
the rate of 4 gal/min and the mixture is drained from the tank at the same rate

(a) Find a differential equation for the quantity Q(t) of salt in the tank at time t > 0,
and solve the equation to determine Q(t) .
(b) Find limt→∞ Q(t).

4. Show that the substitution z = ax+by +c changes y 0 = f (ax+by +c) into an equation
with separable variable. Hence, solve y 0 = sin2 (x − y + 1).

5. Verify that the following equations are homogeneous and then solve:

(a) (x3 + 3xy 2 )dx + (y 3 + 3x2 y)dy = 0.


(b) xy 0 = y + 2xe−y/x

6. Give geometrical meaning of the solution of the differential equation


dy ax + hy + g
+ =0
dx hx + by + f

7. Find the integrating factor of the following differential equations and then solve:

(a) x2 ydx − (x3 + y 3 )dy = 0


(b) (xy sinxy + cosxy)ydx + (xy sinxy − cosxy)xdy = 0

1
(c) (x2 + y 2 + 2x)dx + 2ydy = 0
(d) (3x2 y 4 + 2xy)dx + (2x3 y 3 − x2 )dy = 0
R
8. Show that e p(x)dx is an integrating factor (I.F) of
dy
+ p(x)y = q(x).
dx

9. Transform the following equation


dy
+ p(x)y = q(x)y n , n 6= 0 or 1,
dx
into the linear form by using the transformation v = y 1−n and then solve
dy − (xy 3 − y)dx = 0.

10. Reduce the order of the following equations and solve:

(a) xy 00 − y 0 = 3x2
(b) y 00 + k 2 y = 0

11. Consider a spring-mass systems with simple harmonic motion. An object stretches
a spring 19.6 cm in equilibrium. Set up the equation of motion and find its general
solution.

12. Assume an object weighing 2 lb stretches a spring 6 in. Find the equation of motion
if the spring is released from the equilibrium position with an upward velocity of 16
ft/sec. What is the period of the motion?

13. Reduce the Cauchy - Euler equation

dn y n−1 d
n−1 y
P0 xn + P 1 x + · · · + Pn y = X
dxn dxn−1
to linear differential equation with constant coefficients and then solve
3
d y d2 y 1
(a) x dx3 + dx2
= x
d y 2 dy
(b) x2 dx2 − 2x dx − 4y = x
4

14. Solve the following differential equation using variation of parameter method

(a) y 00 + 4y = tan2x
(b) y 00 + n2 y = sec nx
(c) x2 y 00 − 2x(1 + x)y 0 + 2(1 + x)y = x3

15. Use method of undetermined coefficients to solve the following differential equations

(a) y 00 − 2y 0 + 5y = 25x2 + 12
(b) y 00 − 2y 0 = ex sinx
(c) y 000 + 2y 00 − y 0 − 2y = ex + x2

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