Question 1:
Communication is what makes the world go ‘round.
A visual representation of how a message goes from sender to receiver.
ONE-WAY COMMUNICATION
TWO- WAY COMMUNICATION
1. Context in Communication
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Context refers to the environment of communication in which the interaction happens
or takes place. For example, you may feel comfortable sharing your personal
information with close friends rather than colleagues. Context of communication sets
the environment of the communication process.
2. Sender
The sender is any individual who wants to deliver a message to someone else/group
of individuals.
3. Encode/Encoding
For a sender to deliver/transfer a message, they must first translate the message
into symbols for the receiver (the one who receives the message). This means taking
thoughts, emotions and images and translating them into something the receiver can
understand. These symbols often include:
words
pictures
sounds
sense information (e.g., touch or smell).
The process of translating these messages into symbols is called encoding.
4. Message in Communication
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The message refers to the information, ideas, feelings, opinion, thought, attitude, and
view that the sender wants to deliver to the receiver. The message seems like a key
element of any communication process. Always, the sender wants to convey the
message to communicate with the receiver. So, senders need to ensure that the
main objective of the message is clear and understandable.
Messages may convey through verbal and nonverbal cues. Verbal cues are the
spoken language of the speaker, for instance, spoken words. On the other hand, the
most common types of nonverbal communication are facial expression, eye contact,
physical appearance, posture, gesture, etc.
5. Message Channel
After encoding the message, it’s time to communicate the message to a receiver. To
do this, we must pick a channel for the message to go through. The channel is
the type of medium used to transmit messages between senders and receivers.
Examples of channels are:
Verbal
o Face-to-face
o Over the telephone
Written
o Letters
o Newspapers
Visual Media
o Television & Photographs
6. Decode
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Once the message is received by someone, it’s time for the decoding process. Just
like a sender must encode messages to communicate, receivers must sense and
interpret the symbols to fully understand the message. They then decode the
symbols back into images, emotions, and thoughts to make sense of them.
7. Receiver
The receiver is the person who receives the message.
When the receiver provides NO feedback/response to the message received,
whatever the reason may be, this constitutes one - way communication.
8. Feedback in Communication
Feedback in communication refers to the response of the receiver or audience. It is
one of the main elements of the effective communication process that differentiates
the communication models into linear and transactional. Feedback is an inevitable
component of the transactional model. It also helps the sender in confirming the
correct interpretation of the message by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal
(through words) or non-verbal (in the form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written
form also in the form of memos, reports, etc. Feedback is also one of the important
elements of the transactional communication process.
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9. Noise in Communication
Noise refers to the communication barrier or obstacles to effective communication. It
is also known as communication noise or noise in communication. Noise is an
unwanted element of the communication process that communicators always want to
avoid during the interaction.
Noise in communication is any barrier that obstacles the effectiveness of the
communication process. Actually, noise exists in all kinds of communication, such as
face-to-face communication, group communication, mediated communication, etc.
Communication will be more effective and interactive if there is no noise. Noises are
unnecessary elements of communication that distract receivers from receiving the
message.
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Question 2:
Non-verbal:
Non-verbal communication can be described as the process of conveying meaning
without the use of words either spoken or written. In other words, any communication
made between 2 or more people through the use of facial expressions, body
language, hand movements and gestures are referred to as non-verbal
communication.
Non-verbal communication aids in establishing and maintaining interpersonal
relationships, whilst verbal communication helps in communicating external events.
Non-verbal communication is often used to express emotions and interpersonal
attitudes, conduct rituals such as greetings and brings forward one’s personality.
Gestures:
A gesture is a type of non-verbal communication in which bodily actions
communicate particular messages, either in place of, or in conjunction with speech.
Gestures include movements of the face, hands, or other parts of the body.
Gestures thus allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and thoughts,
from contempt and hostility to approval and action.
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Question 3:
- Indifference
In reality, an interviewer may have already seen someone who they believe is a
perfect candidate or may have made a sharp decision and decided that you were
unsuitable for the role. On both these occasions, you are already at a disadvantage
however it is possible to turn things around therefore you will need to work twice as
hard to ensure that your case is heard.
Up the enthusiasm, give lots of eye contact aided by emotive keywords relating to
the job description within your answers. Ensure that the recipient has received and
understood your answers.
By asking for feedback on your performance at the end of the interview, this will
allow you to note how engaged the interviewer was and also, gives them another
opportunity to ask you about any skill gaps they think you may have – to which you
can respond accordingly.
- Delivery
Often, one is extremely conscious of one’s personal traits that may create barriers
when it comes to effective communication.
For example, you may talk quickly or mumble when you are nervous, or you may
have a strong accent when you speak.
Whilst being aware of the barriers is by far the biggest hurdle, it is then a matter of
being mindful of them and adjusting your communication accordingly.
It is advisable to arrive at the interview early, so that you don’t feel resolved when
you are called in to be interviewed. Keep a good posture and speak slowly and
clearly when responding to questions. If you are unable to understand what is said
at any given time, “Simply say, sorry can you repeat that?” and the question will be
clearly repeated.
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Question 4:
Objective:
Objective writing is a type of writing that you can verify through evidence and facts, if
one is writing objectively, one must remain as neutral as possible through the use of
facts, statistics, and research.
This type of writing is best suited when you as a writer need to present unbiased
information to an audience and then let them determine their respective opinions.
To write objectively one must:
- Be specific as opposed to generalisations or being vague,
- Refrain from rising opinionated, prejudiced, or exclusive language,
- Avoid writing in the first person,
- Try not to over exaggerate your writing.
Subjective:
Subjective writing is one that they cannot evaluate, calculate, or verify. It aids in
expressing feelings, opinions, and judgements. This would come in handy for writing
a personal essay or an opinion column for a paper but should not be used when the
goal is to simply inform the audience.
Third person point of view can be seen as subjective, it is known as “limited
omniscience.”
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Bibliography
1. Bender M, C, Kotze, P & Maritz C, J. Business Communication 1. (2 nd edition).
Cape Town: Edge Learning Media.
2. Kobiruzzaman, M M 2019, Communication Elements- 9 Elements of
Communication Process, 28 March 2022, Communication Elements 9
Elements of Communication Process (newsmoor.com)
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