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MATHEMATICS │ Fourth Quarter – Statistics │ Week 1 Activity Items Score
Objectives: (dito na po sa module magsasagot) 1 10
1. Pose problems that can be solved using Statistics. 2 20
2. Formulate simple statistical instruments. 3 10
3. Gather statistical data. Total 40
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
Do you know that statistics is about using data to answer questions?
In real life we might encounter many problems. In order to solve those problems, we may have a
series of questions. If you investigate these questions, some of these are statistical and some are not.
A statistical question is one that can be answered by collecting data that varies from each other.
Statistical Questions are questions that should have different answers.
Examples:
Statistical Question NOT Statistical Question
What are the favorite colors of the Grade 7 What is my favorite color?
students at Bernardo Lirio National High School?
What is the favorite subject of my Grade 7 What is the favorite subject of my sister?
students?
What is the level of performance of Grade 7 in What is my level of performance in Mathematics?
Mathematics?
Do the Grade 7 students spend more time at
sports than studying?
Statistical questions need answers from a group It is NOT statistical question if it only needs one
of people individual to answer the question
Statistics is a branch of Mathematics that deals with the collection, organization, presentation, analysis,
and interpretation of data.
Collection refers to the gathering of information or data.
Organization or presentation involves summarizing data in graphical, tabular or textual forms.
Analysis involves describing the data using statistical methods and procedures.
Interpretation refers to the process of making conclusions based on the presented data.
Example:
We need to go through the following process to answer this simple statistical question.
Statistical question: What is the favorite subject of my Grade 7 students?
Collection Collect data from grade 7 students. It can be done by doing surveys or interviews.
The data are the answers collected from the respondents (grade 7 students).
Organization Organize your data by sorting and grouping them. You can use graphical, tabular or
textual forms to present your data.
Analysis & Describe the data. State the significant information from the data like the most
interpretation favorite color and the least favorite color.
The study of statistics is important because society frequently organizes and expresses data
numerically. We are exposed to statistics every day from weather prediction, education, medicine,
newspaper ads, election results, survey, etc.
Common Terms in Statistics
A population is a complete collection of all elements (scores, people…) to be studied.
A census is a collection of data from every element in a population.
A sample is a sub-collection of elements drawn from a population.
Example: Identify the population and sample for the given situation.
Situation Population Sample
A scientist is investigating the effectiveness of a new drug to all adults who would
100 chosen
relieve the symptoms of Coronavirus. He administers the drug to try the drug in the
adults
100 adults. future
A Mathematics teacher plans to choose four students from the Four
All students
Math Club to be interviewed. students
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Activity 1.
A. Directions: Identify the statements below. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the
space provided.
_______1. It is a branch of Mathematics that deals with the collection, organization, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of data.
A. Census B. Statistics C. Population D. Sample
_______2. It is a collection of data from every element in a population.
A. Census B. Collection C. Sample D. Data
_______3. It is a complete collection of all elements to be studied.
A. Census B. Analysis C. Population D. Sample
_______4. These are facts or a set of information or observations under study.
A. Statistics B. Data C. Census D. Population
_______5. It is a sub-collection of elements drawn from a population.
A. Collection B. Qualitative C. Quantitative D. Sample
B. Directions. Write SQ if it is statistical question and NSQ if it is not. Write your answer in your answer
sheet.
Questions Answer
6 How many hours do students spent in playing online games?
7 Why do you like playing online games?
8 What is the performance of the students in modular distance learning?
9 Do you perform better in modular distance learning than face to face classes?
10 Is there any difference on the performance in Mathematics of students playing
online games and students not playing online games.
Remember: Statistics is about using data to answer question.
SIMPLE STATISTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Data is a collection of facts or set of information or observation under study.
A. Two types of data: Quantitative (numerical) and Qualitative (categorical).
Types of Data Definition Examples
Quantitative (Numerical) every value in the set is a number 1, 2, 3.5…
Qualitative (Categorical) can be taken on non-numerical values Small, medium, large
such as names of colors, labels, and others Red, blue, yellow
Another Example: Identify each of the following data sets as categorical (C) or numerical (N).
Data collected Type of Data
Heights of the Grade 7 students 4.5 meters, 5 meters, 4.7 Numerical Quantitative
meters
Favorite flavor of ice cream for Chocolate, strawberry, mango Categorical Qualitative
each Grade 7 students
Hours of sleep on a school night for 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours Numerical Quantitative
Grade 7 students
Favorite color of Grade 7 students Red, yellow, pink, blue categorical Qualitative
B. If a variable is quantitative (numerical), further classify it as a discrete or continuous.
❖ Discrete data result from either a finite number of possible values or countable number of
possible values as 0, or 1, or 2, and so on.
❖ Continuous data result from infinitely many possible data that can be associated with points on a
continuous scale in such a way that there are no gaps or interruptions.
Example: Identify if the following quantitative data is discrete or continuous.
Data Discrete or Continuous Reason
Scores of students in mathematics Discrete ➢ Obtained by counting
Number of students in the library Discrete ➢ Possible data are 1, 2, 3…
Ages of Grade 7 students Continuous ➢ Age is continues as 12 years old, 3
Weight of the students Continuous months and 2 days
➢ Weight is obtained using weighing
scale with many possible data
C. The different levels of measurement are classified into four categories: Nominal, Ordinal, Ratio and
Interval.
❖ The nominal level of measurement is characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or
categories only.
❖ The ordinal level of measurement involves data that may be arranged in some order but
differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless.
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❖ The interval level of measurement is like the ordinal level. But meaningful amounts of differences
between data can be determined. It has no inherent (natural) zero starting point (where none of
the quality is present).
❖ The ratio level of measurement is the interval level modified to include the inherent zero starting
point (where zero indicates that none of the quality is present).
Example: Determine which of the four levels of measurements is used.
Data Category Reason
a. Average annual temperature in Baguio. Interval 0° Celsius (zero)does not denote
absence of temperature
b. Weights of garbage discarded by ratio 0 (zero) denotes absence of garbage
restaurants.
c. A jury rates some presentations as “good.” ordinal poor, good and very good denote
order
d. The political party to which each nominal political party like “Makabayan party”
Barangay Captain belongs. refer to name or label
Activity 2.
A. Directions: Identify each of the following statements below. Choose the letter of the
correct answer and write it on the space provided for.
_______1. A level of measurement characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or categories.
A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
_______2. Data that consists of numbers representing counts or measurements.
A. Qualitative data B. Quantitative data C. Discrete Data D. Continuous
_______3. A level of measurement involves data that may be arranged in some order but differences
between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless.
A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
_______4. These are distinguished by some nonnumeric characteristics.
A. Qualitative data B. Quantitative Data C. Discrete D. Continuous
_______5. It is a result from infinitely many possible values that can be associated with points on
continuous scale in such a way that there are no gaps or interruptions.
A. Discrete B. Continuous C. Ratio D. Interval
B. Directions: Classify the following as qualitative or quantitative. Write the answer on the space
provided for. (wrong spelling will be considered wrong answer)
_________________6. age _________________9. employment rate
_________________7. cell phone number _________________10. net income
_________________8. marital status
C. Directions: Classify the following as discrete or continuous. Write the answer on the space provided
for. (wrong spelling will be considered wrong answer)
_________________ 11. Air temperature _________________ 14. Length of Rod
_________________ 12. Number of typewriters _________________ 15. Number of DVD’s rented
_________________ 13. Number of mobile phones
D. Directions: Read and analyze the statement then identify the levels of measurements used. If it is
nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. Write the answer on the space before each number.
_________________ 16. Sections in Grade 7 _________________ 19. Number of sibling/s
_________________ 17. Height of Grade 7 students _________________ 20. Level of IQ
_________________ 18. Ratings of excellent, above average, average, below average or poor for
painting exhibits
GATHERING STATISTICAL DATA
Data Gathering is defined as the procedure of collecting, measuring, and analyzing accurate
facts or information using standard validated techniques. Collection of data is an important part of
Statistics. Data should be collected in a manner that they are accurate and convenient to use. Data is
a collection of facts or information. They may be gathered by using the following methods.
❖ Conducting Surveys In conducting Surveys, you may use interview method and the questionnaire
method.
➢ The interview method is done when a person solicits information from another person. The person
collecting the data is called the interviewer, while the individual furnishing the data is the
interviewee.
➢ The questionnaire method is advisable if the survey requires a series of questions, which the 4
interview method will be very slow to use.
Example: A restaurant Manager requests
his /her customers to fill out this survey to
gather their satisfaction.
Sometimes, interview and the questionnaire method combine, such as in the Census. For
example, the Local Government must provide services or program to the people of the town, a
questionnaire must be prepared. At the same time, during census the enumerators will conduct
interviews to all residences who will be recipients of the program or service.
❖ Observing the Outcomes of Events
Observing the outcomes of events is usually used by behavioral scientist who are primarily concerned
with the behavior of either an individual or a group of individuals. The data are gathered either
individually or collectively by means of observation. The person who gathers the data is called the
investigator or the researcher while the person being observed is called the subject.
Example: You want to know the number of motor vehicles that passing along the street near the school,
so to gather the data you will observe it from 8:00 AM. to 9:00 AM.
❖ Taking Measurements in Experiments
Taking measurements in experiments are advised for the following questions:
1. Will a fertilizer produce more rice?
2. Can sawdust be substituted for sand in the production of hollow blocks?
3. Is it possible to produce paper from the manure of cows?
Whenever you demand to measure to collect data in an experiment this method is applied.
Physicist and chemist make use of the experimentation in gathering information.
Examples:
You need to measure the needed mass (in grams) of fertilizer if they are effective in producing more rice.
You need to measure the amount (in kilograms) of sawdust in replaced to sand in making hollow blocks.
You need to take measurements of chemicals (in mL) needed in order to convert manure of cows as a
material for producing paper.
❖ Reading Statistical Publication
Reading Statistical Publication is advised if you need to consult records or history in order to gather
data.
Example: The barangay administrator wants to find the number of families who are greatly affected by
the volcanic eruption from Taal Volcano. Since, the activity is urgent, conducting survey will be very
tedious to employ. Consulting to records or publication is advisable to collect the information required.
Activity 3.
A. Directions: Match the items from Column A that corresponds to the items in Column B. Write only the
letter.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
______ 1. It is a collection of facts or information A. Conducting Surveys
______ 2. The person who gathers data using the B. Reading Statistical
observation method Publications
______ 3. The method used by physicist in collecting C. Taking measurements
data in experiments
______ 4. Data gathered using face to face interview D. Data
or written questionnaire E. investigator
______ 5. This method of gathering data is used F. Observer
when you need to consult records or history.
B. Directions: Suggest a method to gather each set of data. Choose among conducting surveys,
observing the outcomes of events, taking measurements in experiments and reading statistical
publications. Write your answer on the space provided before the number.
___________________________________6. Population of Rizal, Taguig, Quezon City
___________________________________7. Number of customers in a restaurant from 10:00 a.m. to11:00 p.m.
___________________________________8. Opinions of commuters about the color-coding scheme
___________________________________9. Actual volume of each pack of mango juice
___________________________________10. Favorite sports of the Grade 7 students
