p6
A good communicator is someone: who is a good -listener- and shows interest in
other people
, has an awarnes of body -language- ,isn't a -rambler- and not get easily
sidetracked
,doesn't suffer from -nerves- and is relexed when meeting new people ,is sensitive
to people from other -cultures-
, has an extensive -vocabulary- , has a good sense of humour ,has an attractive -
appearance- and is well dressed
, maintains -eyecontact- with listeners ,speaks at a -reasonable pace- not too fast
and not too slow
, has -charisma- and can hold the attention of the listeners , keeps to the point
and doesn't have a lot of long -diggressions-
p7
1- shrink from responsibility , exchange places , the devotion ,endeavor , glow
from the fire , freedom of man
2-self evident , former slave , table of brotherhood , state of mississippi , state
of oppression
,oasis of freedom and justice , judged by color of thier skin , judged by the
content of thier character
3-door of no.10 , strive unceasingly , fulfil the trust and confidence
, remember some words of st francis of assisi , just particulary apt at the
moment , discord , harmony , despair
p9
5a
1-actions speak louder than words = what you do is more important than what you say
2-think before you speak = don't start talking until you have thought
about what you want to say
3-can't get a word in edgeways = not get a chance to say something
4-hear it on the grapevine = hear about a rumour passed from one person to
another
5-be on the same wavelength = share similar ideas
6-get straight to the point = talk about the most important thing immediately
7-have a quick word with someone = talk breifly to someone
p10
9a
1-burst into (laughter) = suddenly start to do something (laughing)
2-run out of (things to say) = use all of (words)
3-the life of party = fun and exciting to be with
4-hold centre stage = get a lot of attention
p11
9b
eduardo is a really good communicator. he puts people at ease and listens carefully
to you. he never -run out of topics-. he doesn't try to -hold centre stage- all the
time and dominate a group, but he is always -the life of party-. he doesn't really
tell jokes but he's very funny and people often - burst into laughter- around him.
p15
7b
in formal email
greetings = dear mr hammond
request = i would like to invite you to speak...
mention of attachment = please find attached a document...
additional information = should you have any further questions, please don't
hesitate to contact me
future contact =i look forward to hearing from you
ending =your sincerely =full name
in informal email
greetings =hi james
request =fancy giving a talk...
mention of attachment =see attached for the...
additional information =any problems or queriers , just let me know
future contact = hope to hear from you soon
ending =best + first name
8a
formal one
dear Ms Conti
Thank you for your email of 5 february inviting me to speak at the conference in
milan, italy.
I am afraid that I will be unable to attend the conference this year due to a rior
engagement.
If you wish, i could recommend one of my colleagues to speak in my place. Once
again I would like to apologise for not attending this year and for any
inconvenience caused . pleasedo not hesitate to contact me should you organise
another conference in the future.
yours sincerely, James Hammond
informal one
Hi Lisa,
thanks for invite to talk at the conference in italy. sorry, but i won't be able to
make it this year as i've already got something on. if you want , i can find
someone to step in .Anyway , sorry again for not coming and i hope it doesn't put
you out too much. please let me know about any other stuff you are doing in the
future
Best,JAmes
powerpoint part
(1)
1-opening(thank you for you email dated may12)
2-details(the seminar will be held on the 27 of july from4:00 to 6:00 in room 22
building B)
3-closing(i look forward to hear from you soon)
(2)
1-Kindly -find- attached the conference proggram
2-if you need more information, please do not -hesitate- to contact me
3-i would -appreciate- it if you send me the catalogues
4-i -regret- that the order has been delayed
p135
v1
1-You speak very slowly. Try to talk at a faster -speed-(PACE)
2-A smart -look-(APPEARANCE) is very important at a jop interview
3- I'm very interested in other -customs and lifestyles-(CULTURES)
4-to be a succesful film star you need to have -charm and appeal-(CHARISMA)
5-English has an amazing -number of words-(VOCABULARY)
6-I get -anxious feelings-(nerves) when i meet new people
v2,3
1-Carol and jim always have very different ideas =they're just not on the same
wavelength
2-I can't get a word in edgeways =they never stop talking
3-they spend ages talking about irrelevant things =they should get straight to the
point
4-Rachel is always the life of the party =i'm glad she's coming tonight
5-Can i have quick word with the manager =it won't take very long
6-it's important to see what they've actually done =after all, actions speak louder
than words
7-john bursts into laughter when i told him that story =but it wasn't really that
fun
p27
5
1-watches sport = spectator
2-loves sport = fan
3-teaches sport =coach
4-makes sure rules are followed = refree
5-plays a sport without being paid = amatuer
p28
hardly any - few - assaults on innocent - some - self-defence - build your own
sense - self-respect - self-confidence - far too many - martial arts - a lot of -
self-discipline - self-control -
basic ettquette - courtesy and tolerance - good manners and considereation - all -
practice of blocking and striking techniques - self-defence - self-development -
therefore - muscle imbalances - strength - coordination - flexibility - agility of
both sides of the body -
physical stamina and suppleness - concentration - mental calm and assurance - many
- come overnight -
ongoing commitment - some - few
p29
5a
1-being happy about your character and abilities = self-respect
2-that certainty that you can do something succesfully =self-confidence
3-behaving calmly and sensibly even you are angry,excited or upset = self-control
4- the use of force to protect yourself when you are attacked = self-defence
5-making yourself do the things you should do = self discipline
6-becoming better at something = self development
5b
1-he shot her in self-defence
2-he lost his self-control and screamed
3-it is difficult to keep your self-respect when you have been unemployed for a
long time
4-he can only develop self-confidence if he is told he is good and clever
5-the children are so badly behaved .they have no self-discipline
p30
3\
1-having special skills or knowledge of a subject = expert
2-annoyed or upset about something that is not acceptable = disgusted
3-very great or impressive = phenomenal
4-not allowed by the law = illegal
5- very determined to succeed or get what you want = aggressive
6- sudden,surprising,exciting and impressive = dramatic
7-doing a sport or activity as your job = professional
IDIOMS
p27
6a&b
1-be on the ball = able to think or react very quickly
2-move the goalposts = change the rules/limits,making something more
difficult
3-take your eye off the ball = lose concentration
4-a level playing field = a fair situation
5-a whole new ball game = a completly new/ different situation
6-score an own goal = do/say something which has opposite effect
7-start the ball rolling = start something happening
Extra Practice
V1
1-steve made sure everybody had a chance to speak = tried to create a level playing
field
2-caroline decided she wanted us all to write our opinions in a report =moved the
goal posts
3-lucy wanted to talk about the marketing campaign but she had left her notes
behin= scored an own goal
4-david started the meeting =started the ball rolling
5-miranda hadn't been listening so she couldn't say much =took her eyes off the
ball
6-walter was able to help her with the details =was really on the ball
V2
1-i'm always nervous at interviews = i don't have any self-
confidence
2-i never lose my temper =i have a lot of self-
control
3-i want to improve my skills and understanding = i'm inerested in self-
development
4-i find it difficult to make myself work hard = i lack self-discipline
5-i'm not really happy with my personality and behaviour =i don't have much self-
respect
V3,4
1-but to demonstrate your skill and physical agility
2-it was illegal until 1937
3-success in the game depends on coordination between all parts of the body
4-expert fighters show incredible skill
5-make the game dramatic to watch
Vocab
p38
2a
1-workers in medicine : pharmacist /midwife /radiologist /surgeon /psychiatrist
/anaesthetist
2-treatment/drugs : morphine /antibiotic /painkiller /injection /phsiotherapy /
transplant
3- medical conditions : alzheimer's /arthritis /cancer /chest infection
/diabetes /heart disease /anorexia / bulimia
2b
1-a doctor writes a prescription. but you need to take it to a pharmacist to get
medicine
2-after my operation, i had physiotherapy twice a week for three months until i
could walk again
3-they found an organ donor in time, so it looks like the transplant will go ahead
4-people who suffer from diabetes need to take insulin or reulate thier diets
5-people with eating disorders, like anorexia and bulimia, are usually treated by a
psychiatrist
6-some drugs are best given to patients by injection
7-often caused by poor diet, heart disease is the biggest killer in the western
world
p39
diagnose disease - experimented by - projected onto the wall - puplished his paper
-diagnostic radiology - brilliant medical researcher - paved the way for - isolate
and concentrate penicillin - accidental discovery - marks the start
p162
help aches and pains - reduce fever - synthesised the ingredient -synthetic drug -
patented
-marketed alongside - aspirin is efective against arthritis,diabetes and heart
disease -
anaesthetic - tooth extraction - first public demonstration - anaesthetise a
patient - key factor
p40
infection apart - spread by - single-celled parasite -endemic in parts of the world
- occur among - neck stiffness - fits - contracted malaria -
p41
6
1-a disease in part of your body caused by bacteria or virus =infection
2-a plant or animal that lives on or in another plant or animal and gets food from
it =parasite
3-something that shows you have an illness =symptoms
4- a symptom of illness in which you have a very high body temperature=fever
5-to get serious illness =contract
6-a substance used to protect people against a disease, which contains a weak form
of the virus that causes the disease =vaccine
p48
2b
RAIL :maglev train , tram ,
ROAD :coach , lorry/truck ,motorbike , quadbike ,scooter , tram , van
LAND :cable car , quad bike
AIR :ballon , cable car , glider , helicopter , hovercraft
WATER:barge , ferry , hovercraft , hydrofoil , submarine
2c
AIR :fogbound runway , turbulence ,
SEA :rough weather , low tide , turbulence(it is less common problem in sea)
ROAD:lane closure , tailback , puncture
RAIL:signalling problem , platform alteration
p49
7
1-speed limits
2-anti-lock brakers
3-traffic signals
4-airbags
5-speed cameras
6-seat belts
7-one-way streets
p50
depend less on fossil fuels - pace of society -pander to the thrill-seeking - field
of aviation - airline tycoon - bring to the general public -build a fleet -
aviation expert -
manned craft - sub-orbital flight - eventually come down - week's initial training
- level where masses of people
p51
6a
1-someone who is very successful in business and has lots of money = tycoon
2-a group of ships or vehicles owned by one company = fleet
3- large amounts or numbers of something = masses
4-to send out gas,heat or sounds = emit
5-strong smelling gas or smoke that is unpleasent to breathe in = fumes
6-possible and likely to work = feasible
7-raised off the ground, in ahigh position = elevated
8-goods carried by ships, trains or aircraft = freight
9-a plane, bus or train that makes regular trips between two places = shuttle
6b
it took millions of years for fossil fuels like coal,oil and natural gas to come
about, but it only takes a few minutes for them to burn. cars continue to burn
petrol and(emit)harmful(fumes). we need to look at alternative renewable energy
sources as solutions to the future of transport that are(feasible)and likely to be
successful. for example, (freight)should be carried by rail rather than road , and
companies that have a(fleet) of vehicles should ensure they use the least damaging
fuel. currently(masses)of people commute short distances by road,so we should
ensure that regular rail(shuttles)become common, perhaps travelling through vacuum
tubes at high speeds.
p52
4
1-she was tired after the long and (gruelling)journey
2-we were impressed by the (impeccable) manners of the smartly dressed porters
3-the age of the railway brought an(era)of prosperity
4-he was struck by the (opulence)of the blue train, with its elaborate furnishings
and an en-suite bathrooms
5-breathing becomes more difficult at high(altitude)
6-the(nomads)travelled far looking for grass for thier animals
7-the historic(icon),maalard, is the holder of the world speed record for steam
locomotives
8-he had always felt a certain amount of(nostalgia)for his life on the railways
p56
1-a (pie chart) shows the different parts of a total amount. for example, it could
show the percentage of money that a student spends on entertainment,study
materials, clothes, accommodation and food
2-a(bar chart)is useful for comparing things and showing amounts or quantities at
specific times. for example, the percentage of people who own certain
products(cars,televisions,etc...)in three different periods
3-a(table)contians a list of numbers or facts arranged in rows and columns. it
could, for example, be a list of results for football league tables.
4-a(line graph)is useful for showing how things change overtime, and for showing
two or more sets of measurements which are related to each other. for example, it
might show how the number of passengers of an airline has changed from month to
month
Extra Practice
p.143
6
1-the flight was delayed because of a fogbound runway
2-the only time i hate flying is when you are going through turbulence
3-the rough weather made us seasick
4-can you repair a puncture
5-it took us hours to get here;there was a massive tailback on the motorway
6-there's been a platform alteration so we'll have to cross to the other side of
the station
7unavailble in my resources sorry
8
1-as well as being prime minister of italy,silvio berlusconi was a famous media
(tycoon)
2-the skytrain system in bangkok is(levitate)above the streets
3-a lot of(freights)is carried by rail
4-there's a(shuttle)to the centre every five minutes
5-united airlines has a (fleet)of 460aircraft
6-electric cars don't(emit)any harmful gases
vocab
p70
2a
positive: elegant , graceful , impressive ,magnificent , stylish , imposing ,
innovative
negative: derelict , dilapidated , run-down ,ugly
neutral: ancient , classical , contemporary , ornate , traditional
2b
1-not in a good condition: derelict , dilapidated , run-down
2-not modern: ancient , classical , traditional
3-unattractive: ugly ,derelict , dilapidated
4- new and different : innovative , stylish
5-attractive : elegant , graceful , stylish , magnificent
6-decorative : omate
7-modern : contemporary , innovative
8-important-looking : imposing , impressive , magnificent
5a
1-damage :harm
2-rebuild : erect again
3-construct : build
4-demolish : knock down
5-maintain : keep in good condation
6-restore : repair to put in original condition
7-commision : ask someone to build
8-design : plan
p71
7
1- a circular building with seats arranged on a slope (AMPHITHEATRE)
2- conttinued to exist in difficult conditions (SURVIVED)
3- repair a building so it is in good condition (RESTORE OR RENOVATE)
4- scientifically advanced (HIGH-TECH)
5- umbrellas that protect you from the sun (PARASOLS)
6- a building which is easily noticed (LANDMARK)
7- not lasting or needed for very long (TEMPORARY)
8- something ugly or very unpleasent to look at (EYESORE)
P72
integrated into euroland - developing nations - earth's surface - wedding pavilion
- substantial proportion
- significant advantage - terra firma -to cater for - envisages - rim of the wheel
- accommodation pods - dine on - artificial gravity - strapped to beds - space
sickness - potential - outel shell - inflated - commercialise - inflatable modules
- rigid walls - the impact of space debris
p73
4
1-look to (grab*take quickly)thier share of
2-the market will (take off*offer opportunities for business)
3-we (are in the forefront*have a leading position)
4-has one (significant*important)
5-to (cater for*provide for the needs of)64 tourists
p.74
5a
1-again = revitalise
2-not = indisputable , unusual
3-wrongly = misplaced
4-be too strong /too much = overcome
5b
1-unimportant
2-misunderstand
3-overcrowded
4-insoluble
5-redefine
6-insensitive
p. 75
measured by the effect - stand as metaphors - nasty dilemma - burning my bridges -
building bridges -it's all water under the bridge - fierce battles and thrilling
heroics - embody the spirit - bosnian conflict - heritage site -chief reason - leap
of daring - windswept -occasionally -shattered - indisputable -innovative -
alamillo bridge - pylon and cables - shape of harp - span of... - costliest
suspension bridge
- withstand hurricanes - tidal waves - hard granite - vendors - pedestrains day -
spans the mile-wide mouth of san francisco bay
IDIOMS
p74
4
1-i'm not leaving this job till i've got something to go to i don't want to-burn my
bridges-
2-we don't need to look at the problem of failing sales yet. let's -cross that
bridge when we come to it-
3-don't worry about it anymore. it's -all water under the bridge-
4-i've had a few arguments with colleagues. if i want to get promoted , i need to -
build (some) bridges-
Extra Practice
p.147 ex 5,6,7,8
5
odd one in the group
1-derelict = dilapidated = run-down // ornate
2-elegant = graceful = stylish // innovative
3-imposing = impressive = magnificent // ancient
4-classical = contemporary = traditional //ugly
6
1-after the fire many buildings had to be (made again*rebuilt)
2-the earthquake (harmed*damaged) large areas of the country
3-we decided to (ask*commision) german construction company to build our new
company headquarters
4-they plan to (knock down*demolish) the dangerous building
5-who (planned*design) the sydney opera house
6-this building is hard to (keep in good condition*maintain)
7-we'd like to (repair*restore) all the original decoration
8-they plan to (build*construct) a new library here
7
1-we should forgive the past mistakes. it's water under the bridge
2-you don't need to deal with that now - you can cross that bridge when we come to
it
3-if you do that, you'll never be able to work there again, so don't burn your
bridges
4-after thier past disagreementa, they all need to build bridges
8
1-we'll never know the answer to that question - it's insoluble
2-some of the old houses in the city are terribly overcrowded
3-investment in industry has revitalised the town
4-i'm sorry - i obviously misunderstood what you said
5-don't worry about that - it's unimportant right now
UNIT1
Present Simple & Continuous
Past Perfect & Continuous
Present perfect & Past Perfect
UNIT4
Future Tenses (going to, future continuous, future perfect) p.41 ex 8, p. 141 ex G1
p41
8
1- i'm going to study medicine, but i don't know where yet.
2-will you be passing the doctor's when you're out? i need my prescription
3-i can't see you next monday i'll be starting my new job that day
4-i'm seeing the doctor next week
5-Don't contact me between 2.00 and 3.00 as i'll be operating on apatient then
6-i'm starting a new job at the hospital next week
7-in a few minutes,we will be landing in lusaka
8-i'm having an operation on monday. i'll be recovering next week and will miss the
monthly meeting
p141 _1
1) 1-we're seeing swan lake tonight , we've bought the tickets
2-we're going to see a ballet soon , we haven't bought the tickets
2) 1-i'm going to do some exercise , i'd like to get fit
2-i'll be doing lots of exercise , i'm spending two weeks at a health spa
next month
3) 1-i'll be speaking to the manager , we always have a meeting on wednesday
2-i'm going to speak to the manager , i want to make a complaint
4) 1-i'm going to do a yoga course , i think there's one in my local gym
2-i'll be doing a yoga class on tuesday, i enrolled for it last week
5) 1-we'll be repainting the house , we've arranged to take a week off work
to do it
2-we're going to repaint the house , we haven't decided when to do it yet
UNIT 7
Passive Voice
