Bulacan State University

Malolos, Bulacan
Graduate School

SEMINAR IN PHILIPPINE EDUCATION

MARY JANE S. MALAPITAN

March 7, 2020
REFLECTION PAPER ON PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM TECHNICAL EDUCATION
AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (tesda)

Last Saturday, I learned that the Technical Education and Skills Development

Authority (TESDA) was established through the enactment of Republic Act No.

7796 otherwise known as the "Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994",

which was signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos on August 25, 1994. It has different

legal bases such as Commonwealth Act no. 377, Commonwealth Act no. 313, RA no. 3472,

Educational Development Decree 1972, Revival Bureau of Vocational, Education Act of 1982

and on 1994 the creation of TESDA known as RA no. 7796.

The main goal of TESDA is to reduce the overlapping in skills development activities

initiated by various public and private sector agencies and to provide national directions for

the country’s technical-vocational education and training (TVET) system.

I also learned that the RA no. 7796 is an act creating the technical education and

skills development authority, providing for its powers, structures and other purposes.

TESDA is mandated to:

1. Integrate, coordinate and monitor skills development programs;

2. Restructure efforts to promote and develop middle-level manpower;

3. Approve skills standards and tests;

development;

5. Fund programs and projects for technical education and skills development; and

6. Assist trainers training programs.

At the same time, TESDA is expected to:

1.  Devolve training functions to local governments;

2.  Reform the apprenticeship program;

3. Involve industry/employers in skills training;

4. Formulate a skills development plan;

5. Develop and administer training incentives;

6. Organize skills competitions; and

7. Manage skills development funds.

I also realized that our educational system seeks to aim for the best for the Filipino

citizen/ children because they wanted to have a better joint system in education for the

three department of education through the Trifocalization as stated in the EDCOM meeting.

Prior to 1994, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) had the sole

responsibility for policy formulation, planning, budgeting, program implementation and

coordination in all levels of formal and nonformal education in the Philippines. It also supervised

all education institutions in both the public and the private sectors. During the Aquino

administration, Congress created an Education Committee (EDCOM) which recommended the

“trifocalization” of the organizational structure in the education sector. Under this policy which

took effect in 1994/1995, oversight for the education sector is now provided by three distinct

bodies: the DepEd for basic education; the Technical Education and Skills Development

Authority (TESDA) for technical and vocational education and training; and the Commission on

Higher Education (CHED) for higher education.

To trace the history before the Kto 12 system is that Last 2008, there is a Presidential

Task force in Education Report there is a need to benchmark with global practice. Last May

15, 2003 is the day President Benigno Aquino III approved and signed the law of K+12

program known as “Republic Act (RA) 10533” or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013.

 According to RA 10533

During the ceremonial signing of this law President Aquino exclaimed that the K+12

program that “this law will empower the next generation of Filipinos”.

“Naninindigan pa rin po tayo sa ipinangako nating pagbabago sa edukasyon: ang

gawin itong sentral na estratehiya sa pamumuhunan sa pinakamahalaga nating yaman: ang

mamamayang Pilipino. Sa K to 12, tiwala tayong mabibigyang-lakas si Juan dela Cruz upang

mapaunlad—hindi lamang ang kanyang sarili at pamilya—kundi maging ang buong bansa”. –

Pangulong Benigno S. Aquino III. This would like to imply that Former President Benigno

Aquino would want the best for our educational system so that the we will not be left

behind in terms of education.

 The Kto 12 system is The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic

education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two

years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts
 and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education,

middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

These are the basic salient features of kto 12 programs:

1. Strengthening Early Childhood Education (Universal Kindergarten) 

2. Making the Curriculum Relevant to Learners (Contextualization and Enhancement) 

3. Ensuring Integrated and Seamless Learning (Spiral Progression)

4.  Building Proficiency through Language (Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual

Education)

5.  Gearing Up for the Future (Senior High School)

6.  Nurturing the Holistically Developed Filipino (College and Livelihood Readiness, let

Century Skills)

To explain one by one here is the following:

1. STRENGTHENING EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

 Every Filipino child now has access to early childhood education at 5 years of age

they are introduced to formal education.

2. MAKING THE CURRICULUM RELEVANT TO LEARNERS

Examples, activities, songs, poems, stories, and illustrations are based on local

culture, history, and reality. This makes the lessons relevant to the learners and easy

to understand.

3. BUILDING PROFICIENCY THROUGH LANGUAGE

 Students are able to learn best through their first language, their Mother Tongue

(MT). Twelve (12) MT languages have been introduced for SY 2012-2013: Bahasa

Sug, Bikol, Cebuano, Chabacano, Hiligaynon, Iloko, Kapampangan, Maguindanaoan,

succeeding school years.

4. ENSURING INTEGRATED AND SEAMLESS LEARNING

Subjects are taught from the simplest concepts to more complicated concepts

through grade levels in spiral progression. As early as elementary, students gain

knowledge in areas such as Biology, Geometry, Earth Science, Chemistry, and

Algebra. This ensures a mastery of knowledge and skills after each level.

5. GEARING UP FOR THE FUTURE

 Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education; students

may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The

choice of career track will define the content of the subjects a student will take in

Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under either the Core Curriculum or specific

Tracks.

The legal basis of this system is the Republic Act No. 10533 which is thoroughly evaluated.

We might not see the effectiveness of this system but I’m sure the education sector is doing their

best to improve our education and for us Filipino citizens we should support this system for our

future learners.
 REFLECTION PAPER ON COMMISION ON HIGHER EDUCATION (CHED)

Last Saturday, I learned different things about CHED ,its mission and vision, from its

history, its functions and legal bases. In this reflection let me summarize this all.

The Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines, abbreviated as CHED, is a

government agency attached to the Office of the President of the Philippines for

administrative purposes. It covers both public and private higher education institutions as

well as degree-granting programs in all post-secondary educational institutions in the

country.

Tracing back its history:

Founded: May 18, 1994

Headquarters: Quezon City, Philippines

Parent organization: Office of the President of the Philippines

Jurisdiction: Philippines

The CHED main goal is to a Philippine higher education system that is locally

responsive and globally competitive and serves as a force for lifelong learning, innovation,

and social and cultural transformation.

For the brief history: The CHED was established on May 18, 1994 through Republic

Act No. 7722 or the Higher Education Act of 1994 which was authored by Senator Francisco

Tatad. The creation of CHED was part of a broad agenda for reforms in the country's

education system, outlined by the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) in

1992.

• Dr J. Prospero De Vera is the Chairman he was appointed from JANUARY 24 2018

Duterte. I promise to diligently and conscientiously do whatever is necessary to ensure the

successful implementation of RA 10931 and all reforms necessary in higher Education”

The COE or Center of Excellence refers to a department within a higher education

institution which continuously demonstrates excellence performance in the areas of

instruction, research and publication, extension and linkages and institutional qualifications.

The legal basis is RA 7722, otherwise known as the “Higher Education Act” of 1994

which states that CHED shall “Identify, support and develop potential centers of

excellence in program areas needed for the development of world-class scholarship, nation

building and national development”

It aims to sustain/develop excellence of higher education institution (HEIs) by

enhancing their teaching, research and service programs to further nation building and

national development.

In summary the Three government organizations handle education in the

Philippines. These are the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA),

Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and the Department of Education (DepEd). TESDA

is responsible for providing technical skills training the students to develop country’s human

resources. They offer free training program that gives opportunity for those who don’t have

enough money to enter in college. They are helping the students to progress. This is

optional for every student to take up their provided technical courses. CHED function is that

this agency is responsible to the tertiary level and the quality of education is in higher

degree but they focus on enhancing the knowledge and skills the students acquired from
the previous levels of learning. Perform such other functions as may be necessary for its

effective operations and for the continued enhancement, growth and development of

higher education.  Also, this agency lets the students choose what field they have interests

and help them to properly train to be competitive students and to be a productive worker

after they graduated. I think that this organization has a lot work to do when it comes in the

enhancement, growth and development of education. Lastly, DepED ‘s function is the

education for primary and secondary levels. This agency provides quality education needed

for good foundation of learning of every student. They provide good facilities and give

teachers training that will equip them to teach the learners.