UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA GABRIEL RENE MORENO

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y TECNOLOGÍA

CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA PETROLERA

ENGLISH FOR FOOD ENGINEERING

INGLÉS PARA INGENIERÍA DE ALIMENTOS

WORKBOOK MODULO 2

Teacher:
Ing. Reynaldo Navia Mendoza
 Unit # 1
Verb To be & Simple Present tense
1.1. Verb To be (simple present tense)
Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?)
Contraction Contraction Short answers
Am I a student?
I am a student I am not a student
+ Yes, you are
I’m a student I’m not a student
-No, you aren’t
Are you a teacher?
You are a teacher You are not a teacher
+ Yes, I am
You’re a teacher You’re not a teacher
- No, I’m not
Is he an actor?
He is an actor He is not an actor
+ Yes, he is
He’s an actor He’s not an actor
- No, he isn’t
Is she a nurse?
She is a nurse She is not a nurse
+ Yes, she is
She’s a nurse She’s not a nurse
- No, she isn’t
Is it a car?
It is a car It is not a car
+ Yes, it is
It’s a car It’s not a car
- No, it isn’t
Are we students?
We are students We are not students
+ Yes, you are
We’re students We’re not students
- No, you aren’t
Are you teachers?
You are teachers You are not teachers
+ Yes, we are
You’re teachers You’re not teachers
- No, we aren’t
Are they doctors?
They are doctors They are not doctors
+ Yes, they are
They’re doctors They’re not doctors
- No, they aren’t

Examples:

Is Marco a lawyer?
+ Marco is a lawyer. -Marco is not a lawyer. + Yes, he is.
-No, he isn't

Is the car red?

+The car is red -The car is not red + Yes, it is
-No, it isn't

2
1.2. Exercises:
Complete these sentences with the verb “to be” and then rewrite them in
negative and interrogative form.

a) + Mrs. Perez … a singer. b) + The engineers …… in the city.

- ………………………………. - ……………………………………...
………………………………..? ……………………………………?
+ …………... + ……………...
- …………….. - ………………..
c) + You ….. an actor. d) + I ….. a soccer player.
- ………………………………. - ………………………………...
…………………………….......? ……………………………………?
+ …………... + ……………...
- …………….. - ………………..
e) + Mr. Jones … a writer. f) + The gangs …… dangerous.
- ………………………………. - ………………………………...
……………………………....? …………………………………?
+ …………... + ……………...
- …………….. - ………………..
g) + The dog … at home. h) + Luis and you …… at the airport.
- ………………………………. - ………………………………..............
…………………………..…..? ………..…………………………………?
+ …………... + ……………...
- …………….. - ………………..
i) + The airplane … comfortable. j) + The girls …… funny.
- ………………………………. - ………………………………...
……………………………....? …………………………………?
+ …………... + ……………...
- …………….. - ………………..

3
1.3. Verbs in simple present
1.3.1. Affirmative form
Grammar structure
a) Use the base form of the verb in pronouns “ I, You, We and They”
Usa la forma base del verbo en los pronombres “ I, You, We and They”

Verb (base
Subject Complement
form)
I go to the river

b) Change the verb in third person in singular “He, She and It”
Cambia el verbo en tercera persona en singular “He, She and It”

Verb (3rd
Subject Complement
person)
He goes to the river

Next, these are the rules for third person in singular:

A continuación, estas son las reglas para la tercera persona en singular:

b.1) When verb ends in: (ch, sh, ss, x, o) add “es”
Cuando el verbo termina en: (ch,sh,s,ss,x,o) se añade “es”
Examples:
To watch
-He watches
b.2) When verb ends in: (y) there are two cases:
Cuando el verbo termina en: (y) existen dos casos:
Examples:
To play; To study
-He plays (antes de la “y” antecede una vocal)
-She studies (antes de la “y” antecede una consonante)

4
 b.3) When verb ends in any other vowel or consonant, add “s”:
Si el verbo termina en cualquier otra vocal o consonante, añade “s”:
Examples:
To work; To make
-He works; -She makes
b.4) Exceptions:
Excepciones:
Examples:
To have
-He has; -She has; -It has
1.3.2. Sentences in affirmative form
To want To need To work To eat

I want I need I work I eat

You want You need You work You eat
He wants He needs He works He eats
She wants She needs She works She eats
It wants It needs It works It eats
We want We need We work We eat
You want You need You work You eat
They want They need They work They eat

Examples:
- Miguel wants a new job.
- I need a long vacation.
- Maria works at the hospital.
- The students eat at the chinese restaurant.
- Carlos eats fast food.
- They need a trip to Europe.
- My parents want a new house.
- My friends work in Spain.
- Susan and Leyla need English classes.

5
1.3.4. Negative form
Grammar structure
Auxiliar Base form of
Subject not Complement
(do/does) verb
I do not go to the river.

He does not go to the river.

Contraction:
I do not go to the river. I don`t go to the river.
He does not go to the river. He doesn`t go to the river.
1.3.5. Interrogative form
Grammar structure
Auxiliar Base form
Subject Complement Short answers
(Do/Does) of verb
+Yes, you do
Do I go to the river
-No, you don`t
+Yes, he does
Does he go to the river
-No, he doesn`t

Examples:
+ You go to the party. + Marco does his project.
- You don`t go to the party. - Marco doesn`t do his project.
Do you go to the party? Does Marco do his project?
+ Yes, I do. + Yes, he does
- No, I don`t. - No, he doesn`t

+ The students go to university. + The doctor has vaccines.

- The students don`t go to university - The doctor doesn`t have vaccines.
Do the students go to university? Does the doctor have vaccines?
+ Yes, they do + Yes, he does
- No, they don`t - No, he doesn`t

6
1.3.6. Exercises
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets and then
rewrite in negative and interrogative form with their short answers.

a) + Alejandro ……. romantic songs. (sing)

- ………………………………………..
………………………………………....?
+ ……………...
- ……………..
b) + The engineers …… in the city. (work)
- ………………………………............
…………………………………………?
+ …………...
- ………………..
c) + You …… junk food. (like)
- ……………………………….
…………………………………?
+ ……………...
- ……………..
d) + I ……. a soccer game. (watch)
- ………………………………...
…………………………………..?
+ …………...
- ………………..
e) + That boy ……… many books. (have)
- ………………………………………
……………………………………..….?
+ ……………...
- ……………..

7
 ACTIVITIES UNIT 1

I.- “Wh” Questions

a) “Wh” Questions with verb “to be”

8
b)” Wh” with do/does

c) Practice

9
 UNIT # 2
COUNT NOUNS AND NON-COUNT NOUNS

2.1. Count Nouns and Non-Count Nouns

A "count noun" is a noun that can be counted. It can also be singular or plural, and
it can be used with a singular or plural verb. A "non-count noun" cannot be counted,
cannot be plural, and cannot be used with a plural verb.

10
2.2. There is / There are
a) Affirmative form

b) Negative form

c) Interrogative form

11
2.3. Exercises

3.- Choose the correct answer

12
 ACTIVITIES UNIT # 2
I. Rewrite the sentences

13
 Unit # 3

PRESENT CONTINUOUS VERB+ING

3.1. Intro

We use the present continuous to talk about things that happen in the moment.

Se usa el presente continuo para hablar de cosas que están sucediendo en el

momento.

3.2. Affirmative form

Subject Verb “to be” Verb “ing” Complement

I am going to the river today.

Examples:

She is doing her homework.

They are working tonight.

3.2.1. Spelling rules

a) When a verb ends in "e “, changes by “ing”.

Cuando termina en la letra “e”, cambiar por “ing”.

Examples:

❖ Take= Taking

❖ Flee= Fleeing

❖ Make= Making

b) When a verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant. Double the last consonant
and add (ing).

Cuando un verbo termina en consonante + vocal + consonante. Doblar la última

consonante y agregar (ing).

14
 Examples:

❖ Run= Running

❖ Hit= Hitting

❖ Begin= Beginning

❖ Stop= Stopping

b.1) Do not double the consonant of words with more than one syllable if the stress
is not on the final syllable.

No doblar la última consonante con más de una sílaba si la fuerza de voz no cae en
la última sílaba.

Examples:

❖ Remember= remembering

❖ Listen= Listening

3.3. Negative form

Subject Verb “to be” not Verb “ing” Complement

I am not going to the river today.

Examples: Contraction

She is not doing her homework. / She isn`t doing her homework.

They are not working tonight. / They aren`t working tonight.

3.4. Interrogative form

Verb “to
Subject Verb “ing” Complement? Short answers
be”
+ Yes, you are
Am I going to the river today?
-No, you aren`t

15
3.5. Exercises

I.- Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in present continuous and
then rewrite in negative and interrogative form.

a) The woman …………. a soccer game. (play)

- …………………………………………….

……………………………………………..?

+ ………………

- ……………….

b) The children …………… their bikes. (ride)

- ………………………………………….

……………………………..……………..?

+ ……………

- ……………..

c) The dog ………… too loud tonight. (bark)

- ………………………………………..

……………………………..…………..?

+ ……………

- ……………..

d) The accountants …………… a budget. (make)

-……………………………………………..

………………………………………………?

+………………..

-........................

16
 Activities Unit # 3

I. Complete with the present continuous

Complete usando el presente continuo.

17
 Unit # 4

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

.4.1. Verb “To be” in simple past

Personnel Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Pronoun (+) (-) (?)
was not
I was Was I?
(wasn’t)
were not
You were Were you?
(weren’t)
was not
He was Was he?
(wasn’t)
was not
She was Was she?
(wasn’t)
was not
It was Was it?
(wasn’t)
were not
We were Were we?
(weren’t)
were not
You were Were you?
(weren’t)
were not
They were Were they?
(weren’t)

Examples:

+ I was in London. + You were in Paris.

- I was not in London. - You were not in Paris.

Was I in London? Were you in Paris?

+ Yes, you were + Yes, I was

- No, you weren´t - No, I wasn´t

18
4.2. Verbs in simple past

4.2.1. Affirmative form

Subject Verb (simple past) Complement

I worked (regular) at the office yesterday.
She studied (regular) at school last year.
He went (irregular) to the party last night.
They did (irregular) a great project last week.

a) Regular verbs (termination ¨ed¨)

Regular verbs end in “ed”

Los verbos regulares terminan en “ed”

b) Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs don`t have the rules. See complete list in page 31

Los verbos irregulares no tienen reglas. Vea la lista completa en la página 31

19
 Verb (base
Simple past Past participle
form)
go went gone
do did done
make made made

4.2.2. Negative form

Grammar structure

Base form of
Subject Auxiliar (did) not Complement
verb
I did not work at the office yesterday.
He did not go to the party last night.

Contraction:

I didn`t work at the office yesterday. He didn`t go to the party last night.

4.2.3. Interrogative form

Grammar structure

Auxiliar Base form of

Subject Complement? Short asnwers
(Did) verb
+ Yes, you did
Did I Work at the office yesterday?
-No, you didn`t
+ Yes, he did
Did he Go to the party last night?
-No, he didn`t

20
4.3. Exercises

a) I ………….. for a good environment.(look)

- ……………………………………………...

…………………………………………………?

+ ………………

- ……………….

b) He ……… a new handcraft. (make)

- …………………………………...

……………………………………..?

+ ………………..

- …………………

c) They ………. a good job. (do)

- ………………………………..

…………………………………?

+ …………………

- ………………….

d) She ………. a lot of wine. (drink)

- ………………………………..

…………………………………?

+ …………………

- ………………….

21
 Activities Unit # 4

I. Complete with the verb in simple past

Completar con la forma en tiempo pasado de los verbos

22
 UNIT # 5

MODAL VERBS

Modal verbs are: “will, can, could, might, may, should, would”, in this chapter we
study “can and should”.

Los verbos modales son: “will, can, could, might, may, should, would”, en este
capítulo estudiamos “can y should”.

5.1. Affirmative form

Subject Modal Verb Verb (base form) Complement

I can play the guitar
He should stay home

5.2. Negative form

Verb (base
Subject Modal Verb not Complement
form)
I can not play the guitar
He should not stay home

Contraction:

I cannot play the guitar I can`t play the guitar.

He should not stay home. He shouldn´t stay home.

5.3. Interrogative form

Modal Verb (base

Subject Complement? Short answers
Verb form)
Can I play the guitar? + Yes, you can/ - No, you can´t
Should He stay home? +Yes, he should/-No, he shouldn´t

23
5.4. Abilities and Advices (can/ should)

a) Can (to express an ability in the present tense)

Can para expresar una habilidad en el tiempo presente)

Examples:

 I can play the guitar very well.

 He can ride a horse.
 I can´t speak fluent English.
 She can´t sing very well.

b) Advice (We use Should to say that something is advisable)

Consejo (usamos should para decir algo aconsejable)

Examples:

A: I don´t have enough money.

B: You should look for an employment.

A: The cell-phone screen is too brighty.

B: You shouldn´t use it all day.

24
5.5. Exercises

a) Write the correct form of the modal verb (can) and then rewrite the
sentences in negative and interrogative form

1) The teacher …………… English very well. (speak)

-……………………………………………….
…………………………………………………?
+……………………
-……………………
2) My friend …………… very fast. (run)
-……………………………………
…………………………………….?
+……………………
-……………………
3) The worker …………. a truck. (drive)
-…………………………………..
…………………………………..?
+………………………
-……………………..

4) The boy ………… a horse. (ride)

-…………………………………..
…………………………………..?
+………………………
-……………………..

25
 Activities Unit # 5

I. Write should or shouldn`t on the next pictures:

Escribe “should o shouldn´t en las siguientes figuras:

26
 Appendix

List of irregular verbs

Base form Simple Past Past Participle

arise arose arisen

awake awoke awoken

be was/were been

beat beat beaten

become became become

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet bet

bite bit bitten

bleed bled bled

blow blew blown

break broke broken

bring brought brought

build built built

burn burned/burnt burned/burnt

burst burst burst

buy bought bought

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

27
Base form Simple Past Past Participle

cling clung clung

come came Come

cost cost cost

creep crept crept

cut cut cut

deal dealt dealt

dig dug dug

dive dived/dove dived

do did done

draw drew drawn

dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feed fed fed

feel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found found

fit fit fit

flee fled fled

28
Base form Simple Past Past Participle

fling flung flung

fly flew flown

forbid forbade/forbad forbidden

forget forgot forgotten

forgive forgave forgiven

freeze froze frozen

get got gotten

give gave given

go went gone

grind ground ground

grow grew grown

hang hung hung

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hidden

hit hit hit

hold held held

hurt hurt hurt

keep kept kept

kneel knelt knelt

knit knit/knitten knit/knitted

29
Base form Simple Past Past Participle

know knew known

lay laid laid

lead hid hidden

leap leapt leapt

leave left left

lend lent lent

let let let

lie (down) lay lain

light lit/lighted lit/lighted

lose lost lost

make made made

mean meant meant

meet met met

pay paid paid

prove proved proved/proven

put put put

quit quit quit

read read read

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

rise rose risen

30
Base form Simple Past Past Participle

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

seek sought sought

sell sold sold

send sent sent

set set set

sew sewed sewed/sewn

shake shook shaken

shave shaved shaved/shaven

shine shone shone

shoot shot shot

show showed shown

shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunken

shut shut shut

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

sit sat sat

sleep slept slept

Slide Slid slid

speak spoke spoken

31
Base form Simple Past Past Participle
speed sped sped

spend spent spent

Spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt

spin spun spun

spit spat/spit spat

split split split

spread spread spread

spring sprang sprung

stand stood stood

steal stole stolen

stick stuck stuck

sting stung stung

stink stank/stunk stunk

strike struk struk

swear swore sworn

sweep swept swept

swim swam swum

swing swung swung

take took taken

teach taught taught

tear tore torn

32
Base form Simple Past Past Participle

tell told told

think thought thought

throw threw thrown

understand understood understood

upset upset upset

wake woke waken

wear wore worn

weave wove woven

weep wept wept

win won won

wind wound wound

withdraw withrew withdrawn

wring wrung wrung

write wrote written

33