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O-Level Physics - Current Electricity

Electrical resistance is the opposition to current flow caused by collisions between electrons and atoms. Higher resistance reduces current for a given voltage based on Ohm's Law. Series circuits have one current pathway while parallel circuits have multiple, with different implications for current and voltage distribution. Fuses are used in circuits to protect against overcurrent and prevent damage, breaking the circuit when current exceeds their rated limit. Power in a circuit is calculated as the product of current and voltage, and increases with higher values of either.

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Golam Hasib
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1K views2 pages

O-Level Physics - Current Electricity

Electrical resistance is the opposition to current flow caused by collisions between electrons and atoms. Higher resistance reduces current for a given voltage based on Ohm's Law. Series circuits have one current pathway while parallel circuits have multiple, with different implications for current and voltage distribution. Fuses are used in circuits to protect against overcurrent and prevent damage, breaking the circuit when current exceeds their rated limit. Power in a circuit is calculated as the product of current and voltage, and increases with higher values of either.

Uploaded by

Golam Hasib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Question 3
  • Question 1
  • Question 4
  • Question 2
  • Question 5

8/25/23, 9:16 PM O-Level Physics: Current Electricity

Question 1:

Define electrical resistance and explain how it affects the flow of current in a
circuit.

Answer 1:

Electrical resistance is the opposition offered by a material to the flow of electric


current. It is caused by collisions between electrons and atoms within the
material. Higher resistance reduces the flow of current in a circuit for a given
voltage, analogous to how narrower pipes reduce the flow of water. This
relationship is defined by Ohm's Law: V = I × R.

Question 2:

Describe the difference between series and parallel circuits. Provide an example
of each and explain their implications for current and voltage.

Answer 2:

In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end, forming a single


pathway for current. An example could be a string of Christmas lights. In a
parallel circuit, components have separate paths for current to flow, like multiple
appliances connected to the same power source. In a series circuit, current is the
same everywhere, while voltage divides across components. In a parallel circuit,
voltage is the same, while current divides.

Question 3:

Explain why electrical fuses are used in circuits. How do they protect against
overcurrent?

Answer 3:

Electrical fuses are safety devices used to protect circuits and devices from
excessive current. They contain a thin wire that melts when the current exceeds a
safe limit, breaking the circuit. This prevents damage or fire caused by
overheating. Fuses are designed with a specific current rating to match the
circuit's capacity, acting as a safeguard against overloads.

Question 4:

A resistor with a resistance of 8Ω is connected to a battery of 12V. Calculate the


current flowing through the resistor using Ohm's Law.

https://chat.openai.com/c/c3ad6e2a-2f54-4ac8-a681-68187833e5dd 1/2
8/25/23, 9:16 PM O-Level Physics: Current Electricity

Answer 4:

Using Ohm's Law (V = I × R):

Current (I ) = Voltage (V ) / Resistance (R) = 12V / 8Ω = 1.5A

Question 5:

Describe the relationship between power, current, and voltage in an electrical


circuit.

Answer 5:

Power (P ) is the rate at which energy is transferred or converted. In an electrical


circuit, power is calculated as P = I × V , where I is current and V is voltage.
Power is directly proportional to both current and voltage. Increasing either
current or voltage will result in higher power consumption or transfer.

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