Summer Vacation

Homework

Shekinah Abid Rogers

8C

Computer
Emerging
Technologies
1. 3D Printing
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a method of
creating a three dimensional object layer-by-layer using a computer
created design.3D printing is an additive process whereby layers of material
are built up to create a 3D part. This is the opposite of subtractive
manufacturing processes, where a final design is cut from a larger block of
material. As a result, 3D printing creates less material wastage.

Features:
Nearly anything you can imagine can be turned into a design that can be
3D printed. 3D printers are helping designers, engineers, and even
everyday people create complex objects in ways previous manufacturing
methods weren’t capable of.
3D printers are being used to create toys, phone cases, tools, clothing,
tables, lamps, pottery, art, and even cars.

Applications:
Aerospace

3D printing is used across the aerospace (and Astros pace) industry due to the

ability to create light, yet geometrically complex parts, such as blisks. Rather than
building a part from several components, 3D printing allows for an item to be created
as one whole component, reducing lead times and material wastage.

Automotive
The automotive industry has embraced 3D printing due to the inherent weight and
cost reductions. It also allows for rapid prototyping of new or bespoke parts for test
or small-scale manufacture. So, for example, if a particular part is no longer
available, it can be produced as part of a small, bespoke run, including the
manufacture of spare parts. Alternatively, items or fixtures can be printed overnight
and are ready for testing ahead of a larger manufacturing run.

Medical

The medical sector has found uses for 3D printing in the creation of made-to-

measure implants and devices. For example, hearing aids can be created quickly
from a digital file that is matched to a scan of the patient's body. 3D printing can also
dramatically reduce costs and production times.

Rail

The rail industry has found a number of applications for 3D printing, including the

creation of customised parts, such as arm rests for drivers and housing covers for
train couplings. Bespoke parts are just one application for the rail industry, which has
also used the process to repair worn rails. 

Robotics

The speed of manufacture, design freedom, and ease of design customisation make
3D printing perfectly suited to the robotics industry. This includes work to create
bespoke exoskeletons and agile robots with improved agility and efficiency.

3D Printing Services
TWI has one of the most definitive ranges of 3D Printing services, including selective
laser melting, laser deposition, wire and arc additive manufacturing, wire
and electron beam additive manufacturing

Advantages:
1. Flexible Design

2. Rapid Prototyping

3. Print on Demand

4. Strong and Lightweight Parts

5. Fast Design and Production

6. Minimizing Waste
7. Cost Effective

8. Ease of Access

9. Environmentally Friendly

10. Advanced Healthcare

Disadvantages:
1. Limited Materials

2. Restricted Build Size

3. Post Processing

4. Large Volumes

5. Part Structure

6. Reduction in Manufacturing Jobs

8. Copyright Issues

WHAT IS 3D PRINTING? -
 

2. Crypto Currency
A crypto currency is a digital or virtual currency secured by
cryptography, which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit or
double-spend. Many crypto currencies are decentralized networks
 based on block chain technology—a distributed ledger enforced
by a disparate network of computers. A defining feature of crypto
currencies is that they are generally not issued by any central
authority, rendering them theoretically immune to government
interference or manipulation.

Features:
 A crypto currency is a form of digital asset based on a network that
is distributed across a large number of computers. This
decentralized structure allows them to exist outside the control of
governments and central authorities.
 Some experts believe block chain and related technologies will
disrupt many industries, including finance and law.
 The advantages of crypto currencies include cheaper and faster
money transfers and decentralized systems that do not collapse at a
single point of failure.
 The disadvantages of crypto currencies include their price volatility,
high energy consumption for mining activities, and use in criminal
activities.

Applications
 Payment Mode
At first, using Bit coin to pay for goods and services was not very
valuable. However, over time, many businesses, including
restaurants, airlines, jewelers, and apps, have started to accept it as a
legitimate form of payment.
 
Apple Inc. is one of the most renowned companies to accept crypto
currencies as a legitimate form of payment. It accepts 10 different
types of crypto currency for use in App Store transactions.
India's economy is still heavily investigating crypto currencies as a
workable payment method, nevertheless. Nevertheless, it is
anticipated that crypto currencies would soon acquire popularity in
India thanks to the support of large corporations like Apple and
Facebook. 
  Investment

One of the best investment alternatives available right now is crypto

currency, particularly Bitcoin. Its value growth is quite dynamic and may
show to be a great way to increase your capital. 
People should be aware of this investing option's volatility, though.
The asset with the most volatile price swings has been bit coin, the
most widely used crypto currency with the highest market share. For
instance, Bit coin’s value fell from $19000 per BTC to $7000 per
BTC in December 2017.
Such price fluctuation is normal given that crypto currencies have
nothing to do with physical changes but rather with shifts in fashion
and appeal.

 
Advantages:
 Removes single points of failure
 Easier to transfer funds between parties
 Removes third parties
 Can be used to generate returns
 Remittances are streamlined

Disadvantages:

 Transactions are pseudonymous

 Pseudonymity allows for criminal uses
 Have become highly centralized
 Expensive to participate in a network and earn
 Off-chain security issues
 Prices are very volatile
 3. Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is a rapidly-emerging technology that harnesses the
laws of quantum mechanics to solve problems too complex for classical
computers. 

Today, IBM Quantum makes real quantum hardware -- a tool scientists

only began to imagine three decades ago -- available to hundreds of
thousands of developers.

Features:
 good parallelism
 fast information processing
 speed
 large amount of information storage
 performance in many fields far surpasses classical computers

Applications
 Artificial Intelligence
 Better Batteries
 Cleaner Fertilization
 Cyber security
 Drug Development
 Electronic Materials Discovery
 Financial Modeling
 Solar Capture
 Traffic Optimization
 Weather forecasting
Advantages:

Firstly, quantum computers have natural parallelism, which can handle a

problem in simple steps, which will be difficult to calculate when using classical
computers. This kind of parallelism brings about a reduction in time
complexity, leading to a wide range of applications of quantum computers in
many fields, and may even affect the future development of certain fields.
Secondly, quantum computers have applications in many fields. It can be used
to crack codes, which will affect finance and military affairs. It can also be used
to solve mathematical problems. The high efficiency of quantum computers in
certain aspects will make some unsolvable mathematical problems possible.
Thirdly, compared to classic bits, qubits can be used to store and compute
more information. Under the same conditions, qubits can save more time and
space.

Disadvantages:
At first, the quantum computer can process the quantum of the superposition
state in parallel, and the superposition state of many results is obtained after
the processing. This superposition state requires further observations to obtain
a definite state, and observations will cause the wave function to collapse and
cannot be measured again. In other words, only one result can be obtained in
one operation, and problems with multiple solutions require multiple
operations. This leads to fundamental flaws in quantum computers in dealing
with problems that have multiple solutions. Next, in the classic information
storage method, 1 bit of information can only be 0 or 1, and this method has a
relatively high error tolerance rate. Quantum information storage requires the
superposition state of information |0> and |1> stored in 1 qubit. Some
superposition states have very little difference. Quantum information storage
requires a high degree of precision for the operation of quantum computers.
Lastly, classical information storage stores information in the form of voltage,
and the information stored in this way changes little over time.