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ISBN 978-0-626- 33225-9

SANS 342:2016
Edition 5 1

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL

STANDARD

Automotive fuels — Requirements and test

methods for diesel

WARNING
This document references other documents normatively.

Published by SABS Standards Division

1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X 191 Pretoria 0001 SRBS
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za

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Table of changes
Change Date Scope
No.
Amdt 1 2016 Amended to update the foreword, referenced standards and
definitions
Foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS/TC 028/SC 03,
Petroleum products, biofuels and lubricants — Fuels, In accordance With procedures of the SABS
Standards DIVISIon, In compliance With annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement
This document was approved for publication In December 2016
This document supersedes SANS 342 2014 (edition 5)
This document is referenced in the Petroleum Products Act, 1977 (Act No. 120 of 1977).
I Reference IS made In 3 3 and In the note to 3 3 to the "relevant national legislation" In South
Africa this means the Regulations of the Petroleum Products Act, 1977 (Act No 120 of 1977), as
published by Government Notice No R 627 (Government Gazette No 28958) of 23 June 2006
Amdt 1

I Reference IS made In the note to 3 3 to "relevant national department" In South Africa this means
the Department of Energy Arndt 1

I Reference IS made In 3 4 and In the note to 34 to the "relevant national legislation" In South Africa
this means the Regulations of the Petroleum Products Act, 1977 (Act No 120 of 1977), as
published by Government Notice No R 431 (Government Gazette No 35410) of 1 June 2012
Amdt 1

I Reference IS made In the note to 34 to "relevant national department" In South Afrtca this means
the Department of Energy Amdt 1
Reference IS made In 44 to the "relevant national legislation" In South Africa, this means the
Petroleum Products Act, 1977 (Act No 120 of 1977)
Annex A IS for Information only

Compliance with this document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

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Contents page
Foreword
1 Scope 2
2 Normative references 2
3 Definitions 8
4 Requirements 9
4.1 General 9
4.2 Automotive diesel fuel 10
4.3 Additives 10
4.4 Biodiesel blending 10
5 Sampling and methods of test 14
5.1 Sampling 14
5.2 Methods of test 14
6 Logistic requirements 15
6.1 Packing and transport 15
6.2 Classification and labelllng 15
6.3 Storage equipment for diesel 16
Annex A (Informative) Quality verification of automotive diesel fuel 17
Bibliography 17

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2
ln ln

Automotive fuels — Requirements and test methods for diesel

1 Scope
This standard speclfies the grades of automotlve diesel fuel contanng up to a volume fraction of 5
% of automotlve biodiesel ln accordance With SANS 1935, and sultable for use ln compression-
lgnltlon engines, Includtng high-speed engines

2 Normative references
The followng referenced documents are Indispensable for the application of thlS document For
dated references, only the editlon Cited applies For undated references, the latest editlon of the
referenced document (Includlng any amendments) applies Information on currently valid national
and International standards can be obtaned from the SABS Standards Division
ASTM D86, Standard test method for distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels at
atmosphenc pressure

ASTM D93, Standard test methods for flash pont by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
ASTM Dl 30, Standard test method for corrosweness to copper from petroleum products by copper
stnp test

ASTM D445, Standard test method for kinematlc viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids (and
the calculatlon of dynamc wscoslty)

ASTM D482, Standard test method for ash from petroleum products
ASTM D613a, Standard test method for cetane number of diesel fuel 011
ASTM D976, Standard test methods for calculated cetane Index of distillate fuels
ASTM D1298b, Standard test method for density, relative density, or API gravity of crude
petroleum and liquid petro/eum products by hydrometer method
ASTM D2274, Standard test method for oxidatlon stability of distillate fuel 011 (accelerated
method)

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SANS 342:2016
Edition 5.1
ASTM D2425, Standard test method for hydrocarbon types ln middle distillates by mass
spectrometry

ASTM D2500, Standard test method for cloud point of petroleum products

(O

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T hls exp101tatton paper copy In

ASTM D2622, Standard test method for sulfur In petroleum products by wavelength disperswe X-
ray fluorescence spectrometry

ASTM [)4052, Standard test method for density, relative density, and API gravity of liquids by
digital density meter

ASTM [)4057, Standard practice for manual sampling of petroleum and petroleum products

ASTM D4177, Standard practice for automatjc sampling of petroleum and petroleum products
ASTM D4294, Standard test method for sulfur In petroleum and petroleum products by energy
dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

ASTM D4377, Standard test method for water In crude Olls by potentiometnc Karl Fischer titration
ASTM [)4530, Standard test method for determination of carbon residue (mcro method)
ASTM [)4737, Standard test method for calculated cetane Index by four vanable equation
ASTM D5453, Standard test method for determnatlon of total sulfur In light hydrocarbons, spark
Ignition engine fuel, diesel engtne fuel, and engine 011 by ultraviolet fluorescence

ASTM [)5772, Standard test method for cloud pont of petroleum products (linear coollng rate
method)

ASTM D6304, Standard test method for deterrmnatlon of water In petroleum products lubncatjng
Olls, and additives by coloumetnc Karl Fischer titration

ASTM [)6371, Standard test method for cold filter pluggng point of diesel and heatlng fuels
ASTM [)6890, Standard test method for determnatlon of Ignition delay and derwed cetane number
(DCN) of diesel fuel ONS by combustion in a constant volume chamber

ASTM [)7042, Standard test method for dynarmc wscoslty and density of liquids by Stabinger
wscometer (and the calculation of kinematic wscoslty)

ASTM D7170a, Standard test method for determnatlon of denved cetane number (DCN) of diesel
fuel Olls — Fixed range Injection per10d, constant volume combusfion chamber method

ASTM D7371, Standard test tethod for deterrmnatlon of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) content
In diesel fuel 011 Sing mld-lnfrared spectroscopy (FTIR-A TR-PLS method) Amdt 1

ASTM D7668, Standard test method for deterrmnatlon of derived cetance number (DCN) of diesel
fuel Olls — Ignition delay and combustion delay uslng a constant volume combustion chamber
method

ASTM [)7806, Standard test method for determination of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
content of a blend of biodiesel and petroleum-based diesel fuel 01/ uslng mld-lnfrared
spectroscopy Amdt 1

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EN 1 16, Diesel and domestic heattng fuels — Deterrmnaúon of cold filter plugglng
pont EN 12662, Liquid petroleum products — Determnatlon of contamination In middle
distillates

4
This IS
In
In

EN 12916, Petroleum products — Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types In middle

distillates — High performance liquid chromatography method With refractive Index detection

EN 14078, Liquid petroleum products — Deterrmnafion of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content
In middle distillates — Infrared spectrometry method

EN 15195, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of Ignition delay and denved cetane
number (DCN) of middle distillate fuels by combustion In a constant volume chamber

EN 15751, Automotive fuels — Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends With diesel fuel
— Determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method

EN 23015, Petroleum products — Determination of cloud point

IP 4, Petroleum products — Determination of ash
IP 34, Determinations of flash pont — Pensky-Martens closed cup method
IP 41, Petroleum products — Determination of the Ignition quality of diesel fuels — Cetane engine
method

IP 71, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Section 1 Determination of

kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity

IP 74, Petroleum products and bituminous materials — Determination of water— Distillation

method
IP 123, Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmosphenc pressure
IP 154, Petroleum products — Corrosiveness to copper— Copper strip test
IP 160, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density —
Hydrometer method

IP 219, Petroleum products — Determination of cloud point

IP 309, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point
IP 336, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content — Energy-disperswe-)<-ray
fluorescence method

IP 356, Crude petroleum — Determination of water — Potentiometnc Karl Fischer titration method

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SANS 342:2016
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IP 365, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating U-
tube method

IP 388, Petroleum products — Determination of the oxidation stability of middle-distillate fuels

IP 391, Petroleum products — Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types In middle distillates
— High performance liquid chromatography method With refractive Index detection

IP 440, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of contamination In middle distillates

IP 450, Diesel fuel — Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating ng (HFRR)
— Part 1 Test method Amdt 1

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s
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IP 498, Determination of Ignition delay and dewed cetane number (DCN) of middle distillate fuels
by combustion In a constant volume chamber
IP 574, Automotive fuels — Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends With diesel fuel —
Determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method
ISO 2160, Petroleum products — Corrosiveness to copper— Copper stnp test ISO 2719,

Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method

ISO 3015, Petroleum products — Determination of cloud pont

ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity
and calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling

ISO 3405, Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure

ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density — Hydrometer method

ISO 4259, Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data In relation to methods of test

ISO 5165, Petroleum products — Determination of the Ignition quality of diesel fuels — Cetane engine method

ISO 6245, Petroleum products — Determination of ash

ISO 10370, Petroleum products — Determination of carbon residue — Micro method

ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating U-tube method

ISO 12205, Petroleum products — Determination of the oxidation stability of middle-distillate fuels

ISO 12937, Petroleum products — Determination of water — Coulometnc Karl Fischer titration method

ISO 12156-1, Diesel fuel — Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating ng (HFRR) _ part I Test method

ISO 13759, Petroleum products — Determination of alkyl nitrate In diesel fuels — Spectrometnc method

SANS 833, Biodiesel production — Quality management system — Producer requirements

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SANS 342:2016
Edition 5.1
SANS 1518, Transport of dangerous goods — Design, construction, testing, approval and
maintenance of road vehicles and portable tanks

SANS 1935, Automotive biodiesel — Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) for diesel engines Requirements and test methods

SANS 10131, Above-ground storage tanks for petroleum products

Th1S

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Editlon 5.1
(O ThlS ln ln

SANS 10089-1, The petroleum Industry — Part 1 Storage and distribution of petroleum products
ln above-ground bulk Installations

SANS 10089-2, The petroleum Industry — Part 2 Electncal and other Installations ln the
distribution and marketing sector
SANS 10089-3, The petroleum Industry — Part 3 The Installation,
modification, and decornmsslomng of underground storage tanks,
pumps/dlspensers and ppework at service stations and consumer
Installations
SANS 10187-1, Load securement on vefficles — Part 1 General requrements

SANS 10187-6, Load securement on vefficles — Part 6 Containers

SANS 10187-8, Load securement on vefficles — Part 8 Dangerous goods
SANS 10228, The Identification and classification of dangerous goods for
transport by road and rail modes

SANS 10229-1, Transport of dangerous goods — Packaging and large packaging for road and rafl
transport — Part 1 Packaging
SANS 10229-2, Transport of dangerous goods — Packaging and large packaging for
road and rafl transport — Part 2. Large packaging

SANS 10231, Transport of dangerous goods — Operational requirements for road vefficles
SANS 10232-1, Transport of dangerous goods — Emergency Information systems —
Part 1 Emergency Information system for road transport

SANS 10232-3, Transport of dangerous goods Emergency Information systems -

Part 3 Emergency response guides

SANS 10232-4 Transport of dangerous goods — Emergency Information systems

Part 4 Transport emergency card
SANS 10233, Transportation of dangerous goods — Intermedlate bulk containers for rail and
road transport

SANS 10234, Globally Harmonzed System of classification and labelling of chemcals (GHS)
SANS 10263-0, The warehousing of dangerous goods — Part 0 General reqwrements

3 Definitions
For the purposes of thlS document, the followng defntlons apply
3.1 additive substance Intentionally added to a petroleum product ln trace or small quantitles ln
order to Improve one or more of the petroleum product's performance or storage stability, Its

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SANS 342:2016
Edition
performance ln an engine, or a reductlon of the errmsslons from an engine powered by that
petroleum product
3.2 biodiesel renewable fuel or fuel components comprised of methyl esters of long chan fatty
acids that comply With SANS 1935, and that are produced ln accordance With SANS 833

This
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3.3
CFI cleaner fuels 1 standard grade diesel With a maximum sulfur content of 500 mg/kg, and low
sulfur grade With a maximum sulfur content of 50 mg/kg, where both grades may contan a
biodiesel content of not more than 5 % (volume fraction), and which are as referenced In the
relevant national legislation (see foreword)
NOTE The validity of the relevant national legislation (see foreword) IS to be determined at a future date
by the relevant national department (see foreword) Arndt 1

3.4 CF2 cleaner fuels 2 low sulfur grade diesel With a maximum sulfur content of 10 mg/kg,
which may contan a biodiesel content of not more than 5 % (volume fraction), and which IS
referenced In the relevant national legislation (see foreword)
NOTE The validity of the relevant national legislation (see foreword) IS to be determined at a future date
by the relevant national department (see foreword) Amdt 1

3.5 lot quantity of diesel fuel In containers bearing the same brand name or trade mark, grade
designation and batch Identification, from one manufacturer or a supplier, and submitted at any
one time for Inspection and testing

4 Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 The diesel fuel shall be of one of the following

a) CFI standard diesel 500 mg/kg, or

b) CFI low sulfur diesel 50 mg/kg, or
c) CF2 low sulfur grade diesel 10 mg/kg
4.1.2 The fuel shall comply With the relevant requirements given In table 1, and shall be clear and
free from visible water, sediment, suspended matter and any other contaminant that can cause
malfunctioning of equipment designed to use this type of fuel

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SANS 342:2016
Edition 5.1
NOTE For further Information on preventing contamination by water or sediment that may occur In the
supply chan or cross contamination see CENfTR 15367-1 and CEN[TR 15367-3, respectively

4.2 Automotive diesel fuel

The requirements for all automotive diesel fuel are given In table 1
NOTE For further Information on the quality verification of automotive diesel fuel see annex A

4.3 Additives
In order to Improve the performance quality, the use of additives IS allowed Suitable fuel additives
without known harmful side-effects are recommended In the appropriate amount, to help avoid
deterioration of driveablllty and emission control durability Other technical means With equivalent
effect may also be used
C)

51

4.4 Biodiesel blending

Where the fuel IS blended With automotive biodiesel, the biodiesel component shall not be more
than 5 % (volume fraction) of the total blend (see table 1) The biodiesel component used In such
blends shall comply With SANS 1935
For higher biodiesel blends refer to the relevant national legislation (see foreword)
It IS strongly recommended to add oxidation stability enhancing additives In the biodiesel product
at the production stage and before storage, providing an action similar to that obtained With 1 000
mg/kg of 3,5-dl-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-toluol (butylated hydroxyl-toluene, BHT)

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Edition
T hrs

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Table 1 — Requirements for all automotive diesel fuel

1 2 3 4 5
Requirement
Property Units Test method
CFI CF2
Sulfur content for 500 ASTM 02622,
a) Standard diesel 500 ppm, max 50 ASTM D5453a , IP 336b or
b
b) Low sulfur diesel 50 ppm, max ASTM D4294
mg/kg
c) Low sulfur diesel 10 ppm, max mg/kg ASTM D5453a or
mg/kg 10 ASTM D2622
Biodiesel content (FAME), max ASTM D7371 ,
% (volume
fraction)
ASTM D7806 or
EN 14078a (see 4 4)
% (mass IP 391, ASTM D2425 or
fraction)
Polyaromattc hydrocarbons, max 8 a

EN 12916
ASTM D613aa , IP 41
ISO 5165, EN 15195,
c
Cetane number , min 45 51 ASTM 06890, IP 498,
ASTM D7668, or
ASTM D7170a
d kg/m3 800,0 min 801 to 847
Density ASTM D4052a ,
(at 20 o c) (at 20 o c)
ASTM D1298b, IP 160
805 to 850
IP 365, ISO 3675, or
(report at
15 O C)
ISO 12185

Distillation 362 IP 123, or

T90, max a
T95, max ASTM
Recovered at 250 o c (E250), max % (volume 360
D86
fraction) 65 ISO 3405
Recovered at 350 o c (E350), mn % (volume
fraction) 85
a IP 34 or
Flash point, min 55 ASTM D93
ISO 2719
Copper strip corrosion ASTM D130a , IP 154 or
(3 h at 100 0 C), classification, max
Rating Class 1
ISO 2160

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Cold filter plugging point (CFPP)
1) Summer, max ASTM D6371 , IP or EN
2) Winter, max (see note) +3 116
—4

Cloud Pont EN 23015, ASTM D5772,

1) Summer, max ASTM D2500ã , IP 219 or
2) Winter, max ISO 3015
+6
Carbon residue on 10 % (volume % (mass ASTM D4530a or ISO
fraction) 10370
fraction) distillation residue , max
Amdt 1

C)

5.1

Table 1 (concluded)
1 2 3 4 5
Requirement
Property Units Test method
CFI CF2
Ash content, max % (mass ASTM D482a , IP 4 or
fraction) 0,01
ISO 6245
Water content, max ASTM D4377, IP 74,
mg/kg 350 250 ISO 12937,
ASTM D6304â or IP 356
Total contamination, max mg/kg 24 EN 12662 or IP
Lubricity, corrected wear scar ISO 12156-e, IP 450
diameter (wsd 1,4) at 60 o c, max pm 460
Viscosity at 40 o c
ASTM D445a ,
mm2/s ASTM D7042,
to 2,00 to 4,50 ISO 3104 71 or
a IP 388 or
mg/100 ml- 2,0 max ASTM D2274
ISO 12205
Oxidation stability ASTM D2274a , IP 388 or
g/m3 25 max ISO 12205
hours 20 min g EN 15751 a or IP 574

CFI Cleaner fuels 1

CF2 Cleaner fuels 2
NOTE In the case of a product sold In colder areas (as defined by historic meteorological data), additional
CFPP Improver should be Included With the Intention to achieve —7 0 C, or better

13

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a This IS the referee test method and shall be used In the case of a dispute regarding the determination of
a specific property (See 5 2 2)
b
Methods IP 336 and ASTM D4294 are only applicable for sulfur levels > 16 mg/L
c
Provided a proven correlation between cetane number and cetane Index (ASTM D976 or ASTM [)4737)
has been established (for the crude being refined), the cetane number specification may be replaced by
a cetane Index specification With a mnrnum value of 48 The cetane Index correlation for synthetic
derived diesel has not yet been established The basic need IS that the product shall have a minimum
cetane number of 45 for CFI and shall have a mnmum cetane number of 51 for CF2 The reference
method used shall be ether ASTM D613a or IP 41
d
Density to be measured and controlled at 20 Q C, and reported at 15 o c
Summer 1 October to 31 March (Inclusive)
Winter 1 April to 30 September (Inclusive)
The limiting value for the carbon residue given In table 1 IS based on product prior to addition of Ignition
Improver, If used If a value exceeding the limit IS obtained on the finished fuel In the market, ISO 13759
shall be used as an Indicator of the presence of a nitrate-containing compound If an Ignition Improver
IS thus proved present, the limit value for the carbon residue of the product under test cannot be applied
The use of additives does not exempt the manufacturer or Importer from meeting the requirements of
maxmum % (mass fraction), of carbon residue prior to addition of additives
For diesel fuel containing biodiesel above 2 % (volume fraction), this IS an additional requirement
Amdt 1

© SABS
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ln

5 Sampling and methods of test

5.1 Sampling
Use the relevant sampllng procedure described ln ASTM D4057 (referee method), or ASTM D4177
or ISO 3170, as appropriate, to obtaln the samples for testing, and deem the samples so taken to
represent the lot for the respective propertles
ln view of the sensitivity of some of these test methods referred to ln thlS document, particular
attention shall be paid to compliance With any guidance on sample containers required by the
speclftc test method Speclfy the sample Size, sample container and method ln accordance With the
test method requirements (see table 1)

5.2 Methods of test

521 For all propertles, use the applicable method (or, when relevant, one of the applicable methods)
IISted ln column 5 of table 1

14 © SABS

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employed by the Subscrlber may make paper copes of the standard No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced In any way

SANS 342:2016
Edition
The test methods IISted ln table 1 have been shown to be applicable ln an Inter-laboratory test
program Preaslon data from thlS program are Incorporated ln the relevant test method (see table 1)
5.2.2 ln the case of dispute regarding the deterrrunatlon of a speclftc property, use the referee test
methods as given ln table I
5.2.3 All the test methods referred to ln thlS standard Include a preclslon statement ln accordance
With ISO 4259 ln cases of dispute, the procedures speclfied ln ISO 4259 for resoMng the dispute
and for Interpretatlon of the resufts based on the test method preaslon, shall be used

6 Logistic requirements
6.1 Packing and transport
The condition of the drums, Intermedlate bulk containers, rail and road tank vehldes and shipping
cargo tanks shall be of sound construction, clean, dry and of sultable matenal such as not to be
detrmental to the quality of the diesel during normal transportation and storage
For the packlng and transport of diesel SANS 1518, SANS 10187-1, SANS 10187-6,
SANS 10187-8, SANS 10229-1, SANS 10229-2, SANS 10231, SANS 10232-1, SANS 10232-3
SANS 10232-4, and SANS 10233, shall apply

6.2 Classification and labelling

6.2.1 The followng Information shall appear ln promtnent, leglble and Indellble marklng on each
drum or, ln the case of diesel filled ln bulk storage tanks or bulk carriers, ln the storage and
consignment documents of each bulk carner

a) the manufacturer's (or the supplier's) name or the brand name of the product or both,
b) a description of the product,
c) batch Identification, and
d) the quantity of the contents
The Information on each drum, bulk storage tank or bulk carrier shall be ln accordance With
SANS 10229-1, SANS 10229-2, SANS 10232-1, SANS 10233, SANS 10234, and SANS 10228

15

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 (O SABS. This standard may reslde on a LAN, WAN, Intranet, Internet or ECM server and IS excluslvely available to subscribers to the SABS' Complete
Collectron of Standards and Related Documents accordance With a formal copyright agreement to be renewed annually Only staff members employed by the
Subscriber may make paper copes of the standard No may be photocopied or reproduced any way

SANS 342:2016
Edition 5.1
ln ln

5.1

6.2.2 For the labelling, placarding and preparatlon of shipping documents for fuel that complies
With the requirements of thlS standard, the followsng shall apply

a) the hazard-class diamond, as for class 3 dangerous goods,

b) the proper shipping name 'DIESEL FUEL"
c) the substance Identification number UN 1202, and
d) other Information Includlng the supplier's brand name or trade mark, the name of the fuel grade
(standard or Iow sulfur), the description 'DIESEL FUEL", and the quantity

6.3 Storage equipment for diesel

For storage eqwpment for diesel SANS 10089-1, SANS 10089-2, SANS 10089-3, SANS 10263-
0, and SANS 10131, shall apply

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Collection of Standards and Related Documents accordance With a formal copyright exploitation agreement to be renewed annually Only staff members employed
by the Subscrlber may make paper copes of the standard No paper copy may be photocoped or reproduced any way

SANS 342:2016
Edition
© SABS
In exp101tatlon
paper copy In

Annex A (Informative) Quality verification of automotive diesel

fuel
When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of diesel fuel, It IS suggested that
Instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his attention to
the supplier's quality system In this connection It should be noted that SANS 9001 covers the
provision of an Integrated quality system

Bibliography

CEN/TR 15367-1, Petroleum products - Guide for good housekeeping — Part 1 Automotive
diesel fuels

CEN/TR 15367-3, Petroleum products - Guide for good housekeeping — Part 3 Prevention of
cross contamination
SANS 9001/1SO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements

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