Name: ______________________ _______________
Unit D Test
Section I: Multiple Choice (1 mark each) fill in your answers on the scantron provided
1. Thermal energy transfer in the atmosphere occurs mainly by:
a) convection
b) conduction
c) global wind patterns
d) re-emission of infrared radiation
2. During conduction, thermal energy is transferred by:
a) formation of a current
b) a change in the density of a substance
c) direct contact between the particles of a substance
d) movement of particles of a substance from one location to another
3. The Coriolis effect:
a) causes objects to spin
b) is caused by the angle of inclination of Earth
c) contributes to the pattern of Earth’s global winds
d) refers to the movement of air in bands in the stratosphere
4. Which of the following gases contributes the most to the natural greenhouse effect?
a) methane
b) water vapour
c) nitrous oxide
d) carbon dioxide
5. The average net radiation budget of Earth is:
a) equal to zero on average, for Earth as a whole
b) the amount of energy radiated from Earth’s surface
c) the percentage change in average global temperature
d) the difference between the amount of incoming radiation and albedo
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6. The average amount of insolation at the poles is less than at the equator due to:
a) the angle of inclination of Earth
b) the angle of incidence of incoming solar radiation
c) the angle of refraction of incoming solar radiation
d) the angle of reflection of incoming solar radiation
7. Earth’s main source of energy is:
a) fossil fuels
b) solar energy
c) nuclear energy
d) hydroelectric energy
8. Which of the following statements are examples of CLIMATE?
I. Not another day of rain!
II. Once again, it’s a cold winter.
III. We had 3 mm of rain last night.
IV. Spring always seems to come about this time of year.
a) I and II
b) II and III
c) II and IV
d) III and IV
9. The 3 components of the biosphere are:
a) lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
b) hydrosphere, cryosphere and atmosphere
c) lithosphere, crust, hydrosphere, atmosphere
d) lithosphere, hydrosphere, troposphere, climate
10. Weather occurs in which layer of the atmosphere?
a) troposphere
b) mesosphere
c) stratosphere
d) thermosphere
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11. Which of the following statements is an example of scientific evidence of climate change?
I. The growing season seems longer now.
II. There are fewer elk now than there were 20 years ago.
III. Snow cover has increased by 4% over the past 10 years.
IV. The average global surface temperature has increased by 0.5°C in the last
century
a) I and II
b) I and IV
c) II and III
d) III and IV
12. In order with increasing altitude, Earth’s atmospheric layers are:
a) troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, stratosphere
b) troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
c) thermosphere, mesosphere, troposphere, stratosphere
d) mesosphere, troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere
13. Which of the following is NOT part of the electromagnetic spectrum?
a) x-rays
b) visible light
c) cathode rays
d) ultraviolet light
14. A town along the equator gets more insolation, on average, than Calgary, Alberta, because of
the effect of:
a) less atmospheric dust
b) the angle of incidence
c) the angle of inclination
d) both the angle of incidence and angle of inclination
15. Suppose that all the trees in a region are cut down, exposing dark soil. Assuming that no
vegetation grows back, how will the albedo of this region change?
a) There will be no change in the albedo.
b) Albedo will increase in summer and in winter.
c) Albedo will decrease in summer and in winter.
d) Albedo will decrease in summer and increase in winter.
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16. Which statement describes the relationship between average net radiation budget and latitude?
a) The net radiation budget does not change with latitude.
b) There is a net radiation budget surplus at the equator and at the poles.
c) The net radiation budget is the same at both the equator and the poles.
d) There is a net radiation budget surplus at the equator, and a net radiation budget
deficit at the poles.
17. Thermal energy can be transferred globally by:
a) winds
b) water currents
c) convection only
d) winds and water currents
18. Water currents and wind currents flow clockwise in the Northern hemisphere due to:
a) the Coriolis effect
b) convection currents
c) thermal energy imbalances
d) changes in atmospheric pressure
19. The hydrological cycle transfers:
a) water
b) energy
c) greenhouse gases
d) water and energy
20. The amount of energy released when 1 mol of water vapour changes phase to liquid water,
without a change in temperature, is called:
a) the heat of fusion
b) the heat of vaporization
c) the heat of condensation
d) the specific heat capacity
21. Which of the following factors would not influence the net radiation budget of a biome?
a) albedo
b) longitude
c) time of year
d) cloud cover and atmospheric dust
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22. On average, which biome has the highest precipitation level and average temperature?
a) taiga
b) grassland
c) rain forest
d) deciduous forest
23. Which of the following biomes is most important to the agricultural industry?
a) taiga
b) tundra
c) grassland
d) deciduous forest
24. Two cities are located at the same latitude but in different regions of Earth. Which of the
following factors could cause these cities to have different climates?
a) the angle of inclination of Earth
b) the number of hours of daylight
c) the biome in which each city is located
d) whether either city is situated close to a large body of water
25. Which of the following statements is false?
a) Earth is currently undergoing a warming trend.
b) Tree core samples provide a record of climate conditions in Earth’s past.
c) Ice core samples can be used to study the composition of Earth’s atmosphere in the
past.
d) Climate change is important to study because it has never occurred before in Earth’s
history.
26. Which of the following is an example of a carbon sink?
a) emission of CFCs
b) respiration of animals
c) burning of fossil fuels
d) photosynthesis of plants
27. What was the purpose of the Montreal Protocol?
a) to reduce the production of carbon dioxide
b) to reduce the production of the greenhouse gas methane
c) to phase out the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
d) to develop a framework for future agreements on climate change
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28. What was the purpose of the Kyoto Protocol?
a) to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide
b) to phase out the production of halocarbons
c) to reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas methane
d) to develop a framework for future agreements on climate change
29. Which of the activities below would give a country emission-reduction credits under the
Kyoto Protocol?
a) managing their own old-growth forests
b) helping a developing country reduce its emissions
c) selling another country technology to monitor its emissions
d) helping another country develop energy producing industries
30. Which of the following greenhouse gases has the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
a) CFCs
b) methane
c) nitrous oxide
d) carbon dioxide
31. Which of the following removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
a) Earth’s oceans
b) the ozone layer
c) using public transit
d) conserving electricity
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Section II: Short Answer – show all of you work where applicable! Round all answers to 2
decimal places.
Q = m c ∆T
Q = n Hf
Q = n Hv
32. How much thermal energy is required to increase the temperature of 500 g of water from
20.0°C to 80.0°C? The specific heat capacity of water is 4.19 J/g·ºC. (3 marks)
33. When 200 g of an unknown substance absorbs 4.30 kJ of thermal energy, the temperature of
the substance changes from 30.0°C to 80.0°C. Determine the experimental specific heat
capacity of the unknown substance. (3 marks)
34. How much thermal energy is absorbed when 55.49 moles of ice melts completely, without a
change in temperature? The theoretical heat of fusion of ice is 6.01 kJ/mol.(3 marks)
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35. On the graph paper provided create climatographs for the following cities. (5 marks
each)
Banff, Latitude 51.1° N
Month J F M A M J J A S O N D
Temperature (°C) –5.3 0.1 3.8 9.0 14.2 18.7 22.1 21.6 16.1 10.1 0.5 –5.3
Precipitation (mm) 31.0 23.9 21.5 32.4 57.5 60.0 51.2 51.3 43.8 30.3 30.4 34.6
Fort McMurray, Latitude 56.4° N
Month J F M A M J J A S O N D
Temperature (°C) –14.5 –8.6 –1.1 9.3 17.1 21.5 23.2 21.8 15.1 8.4 –4.5 –12.6
Precipitation (mm) 20.4 16.0 17.3 22.6 40.7 63.9 79.1 71.8 51.4 32.2 26.4 23.0
36. Use your climatographs to predict whether the cities will or will not have similar vegetation
(plants/trees). Give reasons for your prediction. (2 marks)
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110 25
100 20
90 15
80 10
70 5
60 0
50 -5
40 -10
30 -15
20 -20
10 -25
0 -30
J F M A M J J A S O N D
110 25
100 20
90 15
80 10
70 5
60 0
50 -5
40 -10
30 -15
20 -20
10 -25
0 -30
J F M A M J J A S O N D
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Unit D—Energy Flow in Global Systems
Unit Test Answers
Section I: Multiple Choice
1. c) 6. c) 11. a) 16. c) 21. a)
2. a) 7. d) 12. d) 17. d) 22. b)
3. a) 8. d) 13. c) 18. a) 23. c)
4. d) 9. d) 14. b) 19. a) 24. a)
5. b) 10. d) 15. c) 20. c)
Section II: Numerical Response
25. Q = 500 g × 4.19 J/g·ºC × 60.0ºC
=125 700 J
= 126 kJ
26. c = 4300 J ÷ (200 g × 50.0ºC)
= 0.430 J/g∙ºC
27. n = 1000 g ÷ 18.02 g/mol
= 55.493 895 mol
Q = 55.493 895 mol × 6.01 kJ/mol
= 333.5183 kJ
= 334 kJ
28. a) Q = (100 g)(4.19 J/g·ºC)(75.0ºC)
= 31 425 J
= 31.4 kJ
b) Q = (100 g ÷18.02 g/mol) (40.7 kJ/mol)
= (5.5493895 mol) (40.7 kJ/mol)
= 225.860 15 kJ
= 226 kJ
c) Q = 31.425 J + 225 860.15 J
= 257 285.15 J
= 257 kJ
Section III: Skills
30. Average of three trials = 6.11 kJ / mol, therefore, the percent error is 1.66%.
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Unit D—Energy Flow in Global Systems
31.a) Sample climatographs are shown below.
Banff, AB, 51.1 ºN
25 70
Average Temperature
Average Precipitation
20 60
15 50
10 40
(mm)
(ºC)
5 30
0 20
-5 10
-10 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Month
Fort McMurray, AB, 56.4ºN
30 90
25 80
Average Temperature
20 70 Average Precipitation
15 60
10
50
(mm)
(ºC)
5
40
0
-5 30
-10 20
-15 10
-20 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Month
b) Students are likely to predict that these areas will have similar vegetation, since they have
similar seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation. However, Fort McMurray in
general is colder and drier, and so will not support frost- or drought-sensitive plants. Some
students will note that Banff is located in a mountainous region, and that vegetation will
vary from that of Fort McMurray as altitude increases.
Section IV: Written Response
32. The type of biome present at any location on Earth depends on the net radiation budget for that
area. Factors that can influence this budget include latitude, albedo, atmospheric dust and cloud
cover, insolation, and the length of daylight.
33. Answers will vary. Benefits of global warming to life in Alberta could include milder winters,
increased habitat for some plants and animals, longer growing seasons, and greater crop yields.
Negative impacts may include increased number of crop and forest pests, loss of habitat for
some plants and animals, droughts, and impacts on human health.
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