Chapter 3

Research Methodology

Research Design
The researcher used qualitative research design. Qualitative
Research design defined it as “Research in the plan, structure
and strategy of study conceived in order to get answer to
research question and also to control variance.” (Kerlinger 2013).
However, Vickie A Lambert et al (2012). The goal of
qualitative descriptive studies is a comprehensive summarization,
in everyday terms, of specific events experienced by individuals
or groups of individuals. Also, Research design is “A blueprint for
conducting a study with maximum control over factors that may
interfere with the validity of the findings.” Burns & Grove (2011).
Rennie (2012) made the claim that, “despite their diversity,
all qualitative methods are essentially hermeneutical, and he
attempted to back up that claim by demonstrating that certain
core steps that he called hermeneutical are contained in all of the
other methods despite their self-interpretation.”
This study used qualitative research design because
researcher desire to know and develop their learnings about
different factors affecting the decision making of grade 11
students for choosing Accountancy, Business ang Management
(ABM) as their strand. It is focused on the way people interpret
and about understanding people's experiences. It will also find out
what the experience of senior high school students in choosing
Accountancy Business ang Management (ABM) as a strand.
Researcher can use it to gathered information and generate new
ideas about the study. This also involves the collection of non-
numerical data and information to answer the questions regarding
the contemporary status related to the main issue. Also, it can
collect details through observation and interviewing an
Accountancy Business and Management students.

Research Method
The researcher used descriptive research method,
particularly a descriptive survey. It is a study that focused by
gathering relatively limited data from a relatively large number of
cases.
Descriptive studies pursuits to appropriately and
systematically describe a population, scenario or phenomenon. It
can solution what, where, while and the way questions, however
now no longer why questions. A descriptive studies layout can
use a huge sort of studies strategies to research one or extra
variables. Unlike in experimental studies, the researcher does
now no longer manipulate or manage any of the variables,
however best observes and measures. (Shona McCombes 2019)
According to Vikas Mittal (2010). Descriptive research is a
term used to describe many types of survey research that are
undertaken by marketing researchers to understand customer
perceptions, judgments, and intentions. Common types of
descriptive research studies include buyer‐behavior studies,
brand perception studies, customer segmentation studies,
customer satisfaction studies, lost‐customer studies, advertising
evaluation studies, and employee attitude and satisfaction
studies. We describe the key considerations that guide the design
of a descriptive study such as survey method.
Survey is a technique of descriptive research that is used to
determine the opinions of the students in Accountancy, Business
and Management (ABM). Researcher used a descriptive survey
so that it can used to ask for information, suggestions and opinion
of the ABM grade 11 students. This research is about getting
information in incoming senior high school students but the data is
limited and also our research is collecting useful information in a
group of ABM students by asking a question about our topic.

Respondents and Sampling

The sampling method used by the researchers in this study
is the non-probability sampling. “Non-probability sampling is a
sampling procedure that will not bid a basis for any opinion of
probability that elements in the universe will have a chance to be
included in the study sample.” (Etikan I, & Bala K. 2017)
Although, Non-probability sampling has a lot of limitations
due to the subjective nature in choosing the sample and thus it is
not good representative of the population, but it is useful
especially when randomization is impossible like when the
population is very large. It can be useful when the researcher has
limited resources, time and workforce. It can also be used when
the research does not aim to generate results that will be used to
create generalizations pertaining to the entire population. (Ilker
Etikan, 2016)
On the other hand, according to Glen (2017) “Non-probability
sampling is a sapling technique where the odds of any member
being selected for a sample cannot be calculated.”  
Researcher choose the convenience sampling also known
as incident or accidental sampling. “Convenience or availability
sampling is a type of non-probability sampling method which
gathers the first available source of primary data without any
further additional requirements. (Cole, 2017)
 According to Ashley Crossman (2019) A convenience
sample is a non-probability sample in which the researcher uses
the subjects that are nearest and available to participate in the
research study. This technique is also referred to as "accidental
sampling," and is commonly used in pilot studies prior to
launching a larger research project.
Due to pandemic and experiencing a new normal the
researchers decided to choose convenience sampling. It is a
technique in which researcher use the subject that are nearest
and available to participate in the study that on going. And
because of those circumstances the researcher decided to
randomly interviewed respondents because of the following:
1. The survey will just happen using a virtual interview.
2. The researcher can’t go directly to respondents to
interview.
3. The researcher needs to follows some rules about new
normal.
The respondents will be chosen from the students of one of
the universities in Malolos, Bulacan to know how the factors
affecting the decision-making in choosing Accountancy, Business
and Management (ABM) as a strand. The respondents had
population size consisted total of 300 ABM students. However,
because of the principle saturation the respondents will become
30.
The researcher chose those respondents because they are
the one that experiencing disturbance of factors affecting the
decision making they make.