OMpary Kautiy 18319 Khatty ASCetig uotes 00-21 Dinda I Pol Police clus 34-24 insha: srmano reight n Idee ligiou 7-261 on art Kab etry ¢ Gu umn aves § Kabit® cab! rux ¢ ons BRAHMANISM See Brahmanism (also known as Vedic Religion) isthe belief system that developed from the Vedas during ¢ Vedic Period (C.1100-500 BCE) ori Indus Valley Civilization afer the Indo-Aryan sation (C. 2000-1500 BCE). It claims the Supreme Being is Brahman and its tenets influenced the development of Hinduism. = “The Vedas were understood as the eternal words of the universe which had always existed and were not revealed to any one individual but “heard” by sages in meditative states. The being that spoke th ‘words was the Creator of the universe and the Universe itself — Brahman ~ and the Vedas were recogniz: as defining the Sanatan Dharma (“Eternal Order") which Brahman had established. Belief in the authority of the Vedas was encouraged by the priestly upper class ~ Brahmins ~ who could read Sanskrit, the language of the Vedas, whereas the lower classes could not. The Brahmin’s unique position further ceshanced their reputation but, eventually, brought about cals for reformation as people objected to this one class dictating religious precepts forall. z Brahmanism’s reforms led tothe development of Hinduism (known to adherents as Sanatan Dharma) while those who Fejected Brahmanism and so also Hinduism, formed their own philosophical and religious sects of which Charvaka, Jainism and Buddhism became the most well-established. Brahmanism continued to exert considerable influence in Hinduism and continues to do so in the present day. Since the mid-20th century, reformers in India and elsewhere, have opposed Brahmanism as encouraging inequality and trutalization of the lower classes by emphasizing the elite position of Brahmins and helping to mainiain the caste system. ORIGIN OF THE VEDAS “The date and place of origin for Vedie thought is unknown, but two theories have been advanced the Indo-Aryan Migration theory and the Out of India ‘Theory (OT). The Indo-Aryan Migration Theory suggests that the Vedic vision developed in Central Asia (around the region of the Kingdom ‘of Mitanni, modern-day Northern Irag, Syria and Turkey) and arrived in India during the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization (C.7000- C, 600 BCE) sometime between C.2000-1500 BCE, The Out of India Theory claims the Indus Valley Civilization (also known as the Harappan Civilization) developed the Vedic vision, exported it to Central Asia and watched it return with the Indo-Aryan Migration, The Out of India Theory is generally dismissed as lacking substantial evidence afd essentially agreeing with the Indo-Aryan Migration Theo thatthe belief structure developed in Central Asia, a Brahman was understood as an individual entity but so immensely powerful that the human mind ‘could not comprehend it,BRAHMANISM AND HINDUISM‘CONCLUSION Brahmin as Casteless Renunciate as and Dharmashastrasof those win know ag memanie 1 To lean the Vedas, the secular sciences, tbe Vedi supplements, be pes and Compassion Patino. Lack ofemy Puriestion. Tanai DHARMA TEXTS OF HINDUISM (BAUDHAYANA) Dharmasutra Addedsteal ice andiranman 2s an Axiological Concept (er BRAHMAN AS A SOTERIOLOGICAL CONCEPT : MOKSHAng o Mery‘BRAHMAN IN SIKEI ism BRAHMAN IN JAINISH reject MODERN DEMOGRAPHICS AND ECONOMIC CONDITION Brahman te tex millennium BCE Brahmanis i is worship and philosophy fom the sy was psu ot to be conse ‘Brahman The word in revovilg ny have bes— 2 of a serie tt common pepeFor example, Shiva performed ad to fae keen interest in 110 participate in dal very student had observe oc ns : The teacher kept him in an environment where his ideas remained of worldly pleasures and amusements, jous education very often, ‘nthe Brahmanic age (0) Self Regard : In Gur ‘moral and spiritual powers ian was respected more than the kings, The kingteach the doctrine ofthe Liberty. Ea mn. Itean be Seen thatthe r is inequality and hatred. ‘The fraternity has no: place for that. Inste ad of teaches divisions ~ graded Who were they and why they becan to be found inthe struggle between Buddhism an Can the Men became were directed ince untouchability stuck to ce which has played its part ely, students of Indian hey knew there was Brahmanism, But they "yin which these creeds were engaged and thatand the neglect ofthe Sanskrit 9 abowt the middle the fourth century AD, he Paras Bogan to ven the worship of Hist deities rose im popular of Wena Kadphisesciea 250 A D and the process continued through the Gupts period to 8 much "an allsided revival and renovation could proceed only under the patronage of Hindu princes. And ft to Brahmanic deities an force and vigour fom the patronage ofthe Gupta princes. In scriptions, Samudragupta is represented as having performed faslance ofthe Brahman revival under this dynasty. This achievement was ‘or medals, on the obverse of whichis th ne whe performed the achievement of «horses coins bearing on the reverse the legend Asvamedha-Mahendra have been found. Mahendra Rom some of his coins on figures, one of a fourarmed god attended by to thee of a bvelve-armed goddess, The god may be Vishnu and the goddess Chandi, Tites and the gods and lusion in the eplgraphicalaspects oF Be npessed ing ni og pice a Hint peed a spark of SS | MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS structure characterized by caste system.