OSPF Practical Lab by Tauheed Shaikh.
Topology
What we will do:
1. Multi Area OSPF (will cover LSA 1, LSA2, LSA3)
2. Redistribution (will cover LSA 4, LSA5)
3. Stub
4. Totally Stub.
5. NSSA
Just Pasted Router R2 config as it is connected to all routers.
Config done at R2:
interface Loopback0
ip address [Link] [Link]
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address [Link] [Link]
no shut
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address [Link] [Link]
no shut
!
interface FastEthernet2/0
ip address [Link] [Link]
no shut
!
interface FastEthernet3/0
ip address [Link] [Link]
no shut
router ospf 1
network [Link] [Link] area 0
network [Link] [Link] area 0
network [Link] [Link] area 0
network [Link] [Link] area 1
network [Link] [Link] area 2
network [Link] [Link] area 0
Output:
R2#sh ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID ([Link]) (Process ID 1)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Notes: Router Link state is LSA 1: which is generated by DR other or ordinary router to their neighbors.
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
[Link] [Link] 1065 0x80000002 0x00662D 2
[Link] [Link] 1059 0x80000003 0x0040AA 3
[Link] [Link] 1061 0x80000002 0x0095EB 2
Net Link States (Area 0)
Notes: Net Link state is LSA 2: which is generated by DR and BDR.
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1064 0x80000001 0x00E770
[Link] [Link] 1061 0x80000001 0x000EC1
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
Notes: Summary Net Link state is LSA 3: which is generated by Area 0, here adv router is router id of
R2, which is advertising LSA 3 to Area 1 and Area 2, link id here is the connected link to Area 1 and
Area [Link] 3 is only generated by Area 0, LSA 3 cannot enter into Area 0.
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1099 0x80000001 0x006C6B
[Link] [Link] 1099 0x80000001 0x00488C
[Link] [Link] 1059 0x80000001 0x00171B
[Link] [Link] 1049 0x80000001 0x001BEA
Router Link States (Area 1)
Notes: LSA1
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
[Link] [Link] 1064 0x80000002 0x0093CE 1
[Link] [Link] 1066 0x80000002 0x00FEEF 2
Net Link States (Area 1)
Notes: LSA2
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1066 0x80000001 0x00E788
Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1100 0x80000001 0x00D808
[Link] [Link] 1100 0x80000001 0x00B429
[Link] [Link] 1100 0x80000001 0x00488C
[Link] [Link] 1061 0x80000001 0x000BAB
[Link] [Link] 1100 0x80000001 0x000586
[Link] [Link] 1051 0x80000001 0x00134B
[Link] [Link] 1051 0x80000001 0x001BEA
Router Link States (Area 2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
[Link] [Link] 1060 0x80000002 0x00D981 1
[Link] [Link] 1063 0x80000002 0x00E37E 2
Net Link States (Area 2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1063 0x80000001 0x00E52E
R2#sh ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
[Link] 1 FULL/DR [Link] [Link] FastEthernet1/0
[Link] 1 FULL/BDR [Link] [Link] FastEthernet0/0
[Link] 1 FULL/DR [Link] [Link] FastEthernet2/0
[Link] 1 FULL/DR [Link] [Link] FastEthernet3/0
R2#
Redistribute EIGRP into OSPF: check LSA 4 and LSA 5.
EIGRP is configured between R6 and R1.
We will redistribute EIGRP into OSPF at R1:
Router eigrp 100
Network [Link]
Network [Link]
No auto-summary
Router ospf 1
Redistribute eigrp 100 metric 10 subnets
OUTPUT at R2: here E2 is the external routes, which we redistributed into OSPF.
R2(config)# do sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet1/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet3/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet3/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 [Link] [110/10] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 [Link] [110/10] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, Loopback0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet2/0
R2(config)#
OSPF database table:
Notes: As we know LSA 5 will be generated only when we redistribute the routes in OSPF, it is
generated by ASBR, when ASBR send LSA 5 to ABR router, in our case ASBR is R1 and ABR is R2, R1 will
send LSA 5 to R2, then R2 will generate LSA 4.
R2(config)#do sh ip ospf dat
OSPF Router with ID ([Link]) (Process ID 1)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
[Link] [Link] 459 0x80000005 0x006628 2
[Link] [Link] 1270 0x80000005 0x003CAC 3
[Link] [Link] 1255 0x80000004 0x0091ED 2
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1270 0x80000003 0x00E372
[Link] [Link] 1255 0x80000003 0x000AC3
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1270 0x80000003 0x00686D
[Link] [Link] 1270 0x80000003 0x00448E
[Link] [Link] 1270 0x80000003 0x00131D
[Link] [Link] 1270 0x80000003 0x0017EC
Router Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
[Link] [Link] 1270 0x80000004 0x008FD0 1
[Link] [Link] 1242 0x80000004 0x00FAF1 2
Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1242 0x80000003 0x00E38A
Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1271 0x80000003 0x00D40A
[Link] [Link] 1271 0x80000003 0x00B02B
[Link] [Link] 1271 0x80000003 0x00448E
[Link] [Link] 1271 0x80000003 0x0007AD
[Link] [Link] 1271 0x80000003 0x000188
[Link] [Link] 1271 0x80000003 0x000F4D
[Link] [Link] 1271 0x80000003 0x0017EC
Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
Note: LSA 4 generated by R2 defines where is ASBR located in OSPF domain.
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 531 0x80000002 0x00F0C4
Router Link States (Area 2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
[Link] [Link] 1272 0x80000004 0x00D583 1
[Link] [Link] 1264 0x80000004 0x00DF80 2
Net Link States (Area 2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1263 0x80000003 0x00E130
Summary Net Link States (Area 2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1272 0x80000003 0x00D40A
[Link] [Link] 1272 0x80000003 0x00B02B
[Link] [Link] 1272 0x80000003 0x00686D
[Link] [Link] 1272 0x80000003 0x0007AD
[Link] [Link] 1272 0x80000003 0x000188
[Link] [Link] 1273 0x80000003 0x000F4D
[Link] [Link] 1273 0x80000003 0x00131D
Summary ASB Link States (Area 2)
Note: LSA 4 generated by R2 defines where is ASBR located in OSPF domain.
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 532 0x80000002 0x00F0C4
Type-5 AS External Link States
Note: LSA 5 is generated by ASBR which is R1.
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
[Link] [Link] 462 0x80000002 0x005D0E 0
[Link] [Link] 462 0x80000002 0x004E26 0
R2(config)#
STUB:
Topology:
We have made Area 1 as Stub
Config for stub, we need to configure it on all area 1 router.
Router ospf 1
Area 1 stub
Now we will check output of R8,R7,R4 and R2.
As we know Stub routers will only show O and OIA routes and there
will be default route [Link]* to ABR router.
OUTPUT at R8:
R8(config-router)#do sh ip route ospf
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
O*IA [Link]/0 [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
R8(config-router)#
OUTPUT at R4:
R4(config-router)#do sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is [Link] to network [Link]
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet2/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet1/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, Loopback0
O*IA [Link]/0 [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
R4(config-router)#
Totally Stub:
As we know in totally stub, only O routes (LSA 1 and LSA2) will be
seen in database table.
Topology:
Here Area 2 is made totally stub.
Config for totally stub, we need to configure it on all area 2 router.
Router ospf 1
Area 2 stub no-summary
OUTPUT at R9:
R9#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is [Link] to network [Link]
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, Loopback0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O*IA [Link]/0 [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
R9#
R9(config-router)# do sh ip ospf dat
OSPF Router with ID ([Link]) (Process ID 1)
Router Link States (Area 2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
[Link] [Link] 218 0x80000005 0x00F168 1
[Link] [Link] 63 0x8000000A 0x005CAB 3
[Link] [Link] 257 0x80000006 0x008DA0 2
Net Link States (Area 2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 213 0x80000004 0x00FD15
[Link] [Link] 253 0x80000003 0x0070AD
Summary Net Link States (Area 2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 220 0x80000001 0x001BCA
R9(config-router)#
NSSA:
As we know that LSA 5 cannot enter STUB, but if in future there can
be possibility that stub area needs to be connected to some customer
router for redistribute the routes, for that we have NSSA Not so
stubby area, It will generate LSA 7 which will be in area 1, and when it
will go to area 0 it will be converted to LSA5 by the ABR of area 0.
Now we will see it practically:
Topology:
We have configured EIGRP between R10 and R4, and redistributed
EIGRP routes in R4, we also need to make area 1 as NSSA, need to
configure it on all area 1 routers.
router ospf 1
area 1 nssa
OUTPUT at R8:
Gateway of last resort is not set
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/5] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O N2 [Link] [110/10] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, Loopback0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
R8(config-router)#do wr
R8(config-router)#do sh ip ospf data
OSPF Router with ID ([Link]) (Process ID 1)
Router Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
[Link] [Link] 1288 0x80000009 0x003122 1
[Link] [Link] 1289 0x8000000F 0x0097B0 4
[Link] [Link] 1326 0x80000009 0x0045F6 2
[Link] [Link] 1353 0x80000009 0x002A85 2
Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1285 0x80000007 0x0081E2
[Link] [Link] 1322 0x80000005 0x00CF29
[Link] [Link] 1348 0x80000005 0x00CDCE
Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1293 0x80000006 0x007461
[Link] [Link] 1293 0x80000006 0x005082
[Link] [Link] 1293 0x80000004 0x00E7E3
[Link] [Link] 1294 0x80000004 0x00615D
[Link] [Link] 1294 0x80000006 0x00A605
[Link] [Link] 1294 0x80000006 0x00A0DF
[Link] [Link] 1294 0x80000006 0x00AEA4
[Link] [Link] 1294 0x80000004 0x00BA42
[Link] [Link] 1294 0x80000004 0x00D476
Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
[Link] [Link] 1403 0x80000001 0x00F828 0
R8(config-router)#
Output at R1 where we will see this N2 route converted to E2:
R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D [Link] [90/156160] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet1/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O [Link] [110/2] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 [Link] [110/10] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, Loopback0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/4] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
[Link]/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA [Link] [110/3] via [Link], [Link], FastEthernet0/0
R1#sh ip ospf data
R1#sh ip ospf data
OSPF Router with ID ([Link]) (Process ID 1)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
[Link] [Link] 1414 0x80000005 0x006628 2
[Link] [Link] 1382 0x80000006 0x0040A5 3
[Link] [Link] 1414 0x80000005 0x008FEE 2
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 1382 0x80000004 0x00E173
[Link] [Link] 1414 0x80000004 0x0008C4
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
[Link] [Link] 111 0x80000004 0x00666E
[Link] [Link] 111 0x80000003 0x00448E
[Link] [Link] 1449 0x80000001 0x000AC3
[Link] [Link] 1449 0x80000001 0x00E5E4
[Link] [Link] 111 0x80000003 0x00BD08
[Link] [Link] 1450 0x80000001 0x00171B
[Link] [Link] 112 0x80000003 0x0017EC
[Link] [Link] 1450 0x80000001 0x002D7F
[Link] [Link] 1450 0x80000001 0x00314F
[Link] [Link] 113 0x80000003 0x003121
Type-5 AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
[Link] [Link] 1415 0x80000004 0x005910 0
[Link] [Link] 1444 0x80000001 0x00245F 0
[Link] [Link] 1415 0x80000004 0x004A28 0
R1#
