0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 143 views42 pagesSem 2 Maths Notes Unit 4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
_UNZ T-Iy
Methedl | vate past ee
lt oe tpn) a + QDY = LAD 5 het P07) ayah
ROD a fie -lartBiond ex" 7) Constr =
Lat dhe. Counpberrent oy Fonthion ge? DEO
'S OF =QUO)tGVOD
Mow) Suppese Net peabiealan Prlepred oh FiM0, Oe. be
Sp = Auta 4 BU; oho 480 the Conslorty
Hed dia given by
Az | -ve
ve
5 emt. ay nut
“axe da’
» the fategnd! Solutio for th Givin 9 EAs
ge Cp UCD ta VON hel) 4 avinme and this mated +s Enean ad Woriechon by pose ides
oe 2 3h aay et
Ervin ego
OF pg dye, 2) at
Hae dat ry eat
(n*43D0)4 coe%
mtu Re (20%
ten) = D430
A-tqnty fes=0
WPHBM=—0
m2 =O
mler+2)-41 (inte) =0
CM m2) =o
C= Ge Ke oO 72%,
hot p= AEX BE
Hea ular & ioe
ahs eT t OY 2 22%
Ce teeAef 7 Va e
eg 7) ee “
ee ee OH
Are ea ~
Ars iB eth
Ac eet
Ge os — du= j 2s
vd you een
dt ak
Bs vl Je dx
os —wl 2%
Kh ‘ 2
k Be +
ext
Pe AD Variable values tO egn Ye
Ye = 682% e*_ gg 2X ox
. Cc
i le = Ger ger
= pct
Gs y
s am.
d* Ge AGE, 5 ox
LC
So
@ solve ot +3 dy.
da M4 = sin. by method rato
Given éqn i:
Poramedut).
fla
ai ted 408
lar = ShyHoe QIL}r SNK
fo) = 043D4r
rey 7 fm=0
432 = 6
comma) =o
Met)
OFF eh err
Lt Yp = AEX 400%
: Az (=e de";
dv_
Udy. vole
eh =
Let Us & 5 Ve er
A .
Mae av da =
el cL A
Ff 3%
A °f soxe® du
Ae sinxf ex Sd Ginx ferda ‘)do
A= nx er [Sasxetda]
f= £% [yfnat cose
= eX Cotyut coon]B= ener [sfx cost
5
in :
pat Ape vals 19 Yp eg &
o* — S fasta xt
Yo = £&% Esinxct Cosa Je asin @
4s G45
Ye CE #0 a [poet sa JE*
ee se
“S [osta at Osafé
G2 CE 4b 44 [ome tesa JL [ostane asi]
© sowe Gy 2 dxsPoo sing te melhod G a ’
Variation & pastomrebas,
ven Gq
Qty = 4as8nx
RCv=4x sna
LUD) = Dat:Neg 4ome=o i
m+4i=0 i
(= FF
OF = GOB 40x
UG =@SX 4 Vix =sinx .
Lt qn= Aulr)+ evtx
4p = ASL BSnx
tz a”
bef _oe dx
va
Gt
Gaz 5 Vis Sine
udv
Me aaa ge = OSL 3HL =
a= stom tension) ax
As - +f AhrPx dX
fe — af x [1cese#] oe
rn —4§(%- Tees )dxf2—o| 447 = yo
fe 2, ae eee
fis = Unt al gen21dh
Re—ye1Fnry + C2t
a=
faxssn
esx (orsnn) axsinn) dz
a
z #4 (1st Cos 2) oe
22) (22590 ex )d%
S
2
v
x
a
x
\
4 e
Be —10S2% + tesex da
ga —XS2% + POX
2a
4p = [ate asin aur e522 Jécs ax[acsat 3x]
Sfx
as r @.
er Y= os% 40, Hd tl AHH 52x 4 et] é
sf9 2x7] ginx
coset [-x@S2X4 HO 2x [SAN@seve (Pxae)y = fam by mah G verralion
Posiacretens.
feo €qn
(ocr) =+tanor =O
fen) = pace
Are =7 (rn) =0
nMx-ro
me -ae
m= tai
CF = GGsaxt OSINAks
bt ln) = Cesax 5 yr) = Sinalx)
ad asian 3 dv -awsax
alt du
udv
Se -ydy =O bPartastrax
2 cn
= allePart+ stax)
za
Lt Gp = ure) 4 BvC)
az | VE = —( strartaa
rode vey ( Praetanm oy
dt ak(AQ0OQCC
fs ai | sidan de
a CoSa%
he =A | tots (esa de
cosak
ae hee aM “a yen
cn e4erea) [+ 8 “Sir
ek eee
cont tad an
|
[
F]-+ sine
Gr.
fe asllg [se
den ax| - sinai]
,
mas £ [ial gea@ax
B= ve — Ye
ove!
Be CoSAL tan
\ eee | seen
Be ae @sax .
typ = [isl otcon Honan | Ser
at 7
qr Cesar ai dose AN
oA Ee eo
Yo Be ert 3 nerr
ah aX -
s Cc” + 2 ¢ = xt a
4p? 5 “3S “ne
4s 8
qe (446. E™ + 28 ct
®D solve git agliy =7% len
inn gp
4iaoqtad = e* ley =O
deoy= Dred4
eq? 27 tl) =a
ror42O+tl=o
(m+tiPaoc
melt
CE = (G40 rex
iw 1) = E* leqx
ut 4 = Aer 9 xe |
Une e™, vln=ne*
da. gt f id 3 ie -1e*
ak ae = ©
udv_ yd _ 29x
ax
xoly!
r Sa ee, xt gh ‘i
Fo {at — de> j Et
A= Valeg dit ae wlan. ae ;
a
oe Set am :
2 Cac re | x oy
B | eet
Be | loge ~ tox
Baloyx {tdx= (Cé lea. § tar dx
B= [om (wo- (Ce da
|
baaleyy -H,
B= rllg x
Yo= (eee +t *) eta rltoyx—)e™
sis
Yo Yep
Y= (erax)ert al a
tye 4 allog 2-1) x8osm fee y"- ag ay 2 etloe
evn £49
Ytoagtty = lego. OD
40) =p’- 208
Ag, 27 oro
r= 2O+1 =D
(12)*0
/ me=th
ilty, = Ack+axer
Ulad=eX; vex) = LEX
du.
GR ~~ ox 4 du
Fe = Ot 5 = t0%4e%
de i
vida _-odv
dn 2 XL OX
dn
2 er
ee |
iQe —falgr de
A= Lleox Jada |e dx]
Ao-(lep Bt 2]i 1 AA lye. gy.
oe 5 eH
Bz (loge
B= allan
{p= [
Be los ¥) eh 4 # (leqy-1) ae
“115 ty
= (ote. 2) +f = Iq) Cra qh (leq a-iex :
© seve (Ohear)y
® Solve (2.
tay 2Xer'n .
= Secayclys alr Equikoo |
Te Equation
Qnx” ot ain 2 IY east oy BE ary 61)
dant
ts calle! Gucly's Eubr equedion Pd
‘3
ay
§ 00,0403,... An are Conskuats
B fd tte ~tyenwal Sef far ciuchy> calor pre
He have eo Constdn Setond ovchin Couchy’s . Exxlr
gn
x? ae. wr gheeys ep
hit gmet ataet leg =t
db. 4
aN
oy.
Sf: a ee A, iol geo
dx Ta le
77 -x0Y = OF
27 yD:
Stef lonly
wd. dy Ld
“da * “ab “dt
vy = (pP- bq
= olor 4
gep- = Oladxo Harty ;
prs Alar) lo2>
X= OO) (O-2)(a-3-.- CO-enny)
i => 4 hl aig Mes veld fn £97 Bowe get
a Linear chepgerenbia! "2° celts leaslent Coefpitreads
by previted metech poe Cen castly sole Me erg
Hall wrhove +o sabstlali fe logan 9 Ae f'
-ttrte
Poblers!
ame 12. Ae He
WE Gury fe? Ae VeQui ye syn
—PRren E gn:
Oh ay 4 - ay 29? __s@)
Let sept czy
Libwsel oy lega st
den
Wr= vy, (to-1)
AD= Dy colate he Oz a
>
alo +P -a)y - @
(o?- tye oreay = et
(op-ay=?! —~@
(91) = pP-e= Lerel 50) g@is
{2 OF +4
y ace 2 tet
a
Lite
20 & @ is
G? oe, 2 lgm , Clepx Der lex
a
:- genet
4 = GAr4 & - 42 OG
m~
a
Dsolve. 22074 — 204 — a4 2 zolopa
Sin £9?
776 -— 2D BY = xl. —-O
“At ye et = (eqs at
270 = Dor)
hie pot
mD=Di 3 Ne O° GE“e7 [o00-)-9,-Jy oh
Co? 20)-3)y se%t aD
TES ED che tom & Lino difgoodes cy.
fli) = De 29-3
A-eqg? =z dm)z2e
me 20-3 =0
(ma(M3) =0
m
ty
CF = GeH4 o ra
Yp= (exet]
Dpp 2D)=3
Sp = _c2#
(Dita 2 (Drt2)-3
et
tee ee
ne
Op = cad eet
D?-3 42d,
Ye = eat c&
te se
4 a 3 Br ahs r307
Sak 2. -)
Yp Epi oft 20 t
2b
ne fe Sap. Jt
Ype -F fi+g]5 ro Be IS
4 %79p
- st xt ~ Ete ye
yee +Ge 3 3]
pet 2 legn
ge 6 Tt IT
3 Degot ]
Yo quart G oe
LE is tthe Gensel Solution %®
cOWe 22 AY x .
ad we eas +75 olepa
1 ole
Hea, 420? = p(0,-1)
2b= 2
(ald ory cat
(6 2 -D+y = 24
(2?-20-40y e2t
HO)> pr-2p41
Ae9 = Limjro
mM g04( 50
(WLP 26
mM= ly}CF Cytatyet
al ot
Wee eso
oe
SP eae #f
Wpe 2leod te
Yp = 21 420, +30? +e JE
“4p = oft J
Yp = tte
= Ys gO is
Ye et
Ys (ate tyet 4 2t +4
=v put 4 leq
Ye Gata legen) Mf blog xe
Ye Gata leq) x tole ata
ds dle. ie Solihion EOD
| sone v0 ay a oy Hy = align
fen egn is
vo - «ot BH ray = alo =
bil geet ay f elegy
Soa plo.
AD =D,Po (plo —oit figs ete
CoP —Di- + 7) 4 = tet
CDP-20 (4 >) ye t-ct —xD
411) = DP—2p, +2 :
Aeg =x flry)=0
mrtarn-2-0
Mes 2 t Vans
2
m= tant
we OFS Ct least + Gsint)
Gp= 1 let
DP 2D) +2
Ye =
-
ape
yp ef ____ ¢
(Cort Drm 2 (BAA
Sp = ef ____—_ +
Dy BiB oY
Jpe ef
ort
4p= et (lene &
4p et [pra "St
dp= et [1-8]
{p= tet
2A2°Fo G54 Os
ie fe t4p
Yeet Cams tec Sint) r4et
"YP 4 bg
leg [4 @s Clean) -t03 Sp Cuegad) + akg
qe ee bF9 Cb
TH fs Me 4s aD
®Dsowe
ga) | 1 4 logy
=er
wo + any fey
Fir E 90 4
2.
asl 44K ca L129 = eX —G)
let xect 1 lego
pe by/o-1)
xD> b,
(lon Tab rtdy epee
(0?- Dyan, a
(bp Bd DY z ett —é
& AO) = pp 30,42
Ney =7 dttm)ca
Magm42 <0
M211 +} 220
mmt2)-1lm 12) 20
(malta) = 0
Q-x
erate oe pg ate ae
Ree ot pau 8 ences
I (p2Xortd
, t
pe rae een ]s
, u 5
Era ze Je ao:
_
Se (eda a ef de
_ ae
et fet ef ettell
: ?
_ oe ee fu eld
e?f ofa]
not eet [et
j 5
ae =
Det? .
290 = =
Gp= etect ert eet [et-if
Ype et et [i-eteet 9]
Ype at ect (iaretf
p2t pet
TPES
“454@ is
Yet
y=qettae*t z2t eet
2
2a€AT Pel ft (ga
de OE ap, 2px €? bya cc tog
Yo Sy Mey pt
XG Ge
FE tose geil alition
ie Bowe w0%y “370 Dy ty xcopy
—erven Egn H
23 py + 32° Dy x04 +Ye wer leg LID
hit xoet
2p? 2
de lop.
2A) (D2 -2)
27D* = p, (aD :
2D= p,
* Olp-ny 2) 73, Ont Pr) Ge a
[*-vyin,-2 302. Petionepy aren
(05. 207 p27 of, 130
COP = cts —@
an
‘q.
PO spharyy « ct hog y
i
y
Ady2 Di+t
A <2 => 4)=0
mit) 20)
} Cr) (np-maneas
M4
me toViee og yar
2vx OF 2 Ge el? s NB
4 OS N34 G8 N3y 7
4pz ay Hed
ba ot id eet
' Sp pal pet
Jp? (140 b+ =
Yo 2(I- DP +-- b+ gt
Ype it e2& ;
GS BO FS Ye YJe-rYp
yee ety et? [ewsx 4 +6 singtjad ttt
ve tp |
fe GET , lope fe 5 co NB lax 980.6 lg] soya
rt a
| ere +fe [eos8 kegs asin B laa J-rlog e
Tt ts +e qe Soldiod oO
® sowe. a d3y 3
dae +24 PY. dy
7 f a
[Gren ey S ee
| 4.
a dy “oa? AY a2 da
die dae ox “t mY FI
1 d24 oP
Si oa dM ad
das OP The HEA ageFe Calo) (ore (nlorayror y= E°
© [tee ta) 92 9%-2 apei]y > et
(n9-20ft- 29-1, 2-20, y= et
(99-30-Hy et
"40> D3-30?r04)
A ey => dim=o
10-941 20
M=1 75 ene the wot
“ Ca-Diro1)=0
“Ms hh hear
OF 2 Gt hate, t)et
Yr tt
OPPO) ~
Jp= __t et
BD —-201-4
Spe teh 2 pie
Blay-2 11 242-1
Spe tcf
a
“ 4s & @is.
= Y%tYp
Ye Get +(a+Gtet + tet
ae
=7 put te logn
yag e'P4(0AG log) olor, |
al
:
gel as
ete
oy' ye &t (oreshga ao lop
qt is te gine sialon 9®
| @sowe oe ro on. 2046 (ate
| given €9?
i 2@)
wee tenet BH - 20g = Cage 9
fate 2 p20 Jy = (et)
(d’-97120 22 Wye (et ane
(DP4 2 20)4 = (et) +@
1 dlo)= DP 40-20
Aegon cy Miro) 20
m41M9-20=0
19} 45) — 401) 20 =O
mtend5)~-4 (09-48 )°0
| (rot5) [r9-4 =O
= 4-57
are Ot a es
Ype oe eet a [ett + 2et at
op + Om
oy Sl
ype) H 4 2a 6 Ft Bor
Fe oaan20 © p1or7® De
Yo= 1 tt 2 et A
fe qt 1-10 [10 20.
et, feelSs @is
ee *9%p
Yoaet, ae cael cfs
@” @ "30
ey pat t= lerx
E hay. “= 2h
Y= Get Pag eet el TF et
Ve Gxt
4 “e
2OQ
‘pele Lenecn EQuachion s—
ty (aqxt4)P aE
Tt fs -he 4,5
5 nF Sy 4
4 Fylax14) Sign gel
whee bo brady. Ke 0nd Bx) tsa Lirchinr &
= 'S fled feginda “reat Zquection
27-40. So $y) fenstal soliton +@
het 08 lake the Sub-Sihedlaony
forth) =eF
> =? te legac)
dy. L
aye oy oa
on on grb
laxte) OY
anid aa fa Ht
neo Gost + stot -4 @st a
=7 pat + ess ad ie a
i I Gites Pog GvtaS] ee [stl toy wn) ~ “Iyer
Gos (log (ray) %
Tt ts he general Salo g
i u
Bl — Osowe Cxeesy® oy oy -a od +6 loatyes)
ere eqn
1 (XA5P OY ey (gers ch
i oe a (2 aot
= fog C203) . :
(C24 F pr alas nto y = leg A) 3D
Lit (4-13) = et
te leg seg
f13) "be Does)
[142)D= p,
“Os
Forlorn) 404i fy “4
[n?-45, ane ]y: ¢
[of -sD4 ély a)
REELSOt
PIDI= P-bit
eqn” dt) =0
moth =O
mam mde =O
mtrnrd)+2(m- 220 *
(m-2) (mB =o
m= 2D.
OF = Get1g &®
ao
Sp O/P-5D,-+6 a
Y= 2 [rr pease
2 Afi (A=) t- Te
oe (27)
de> fp ete]
Yer $4
36
ag 3% @is
4 Yet4p
42 eta gee & Hitt
ete leg (x19)
4 <¢, er hycrD dgerd L J
leqta 3) + oa
Y= ara G Cay log (m-+3) =
bt fo the hs gO
id© CBYsewe (oa 3) Se, abe wis aby 26x
—fven & qo
(oxy)? ge rows a “oy = 6x
Lox)? prea toriao-1? fy 2 6x D
kit 2x03 eet
te log (ox-13)
-llen,
> (oxsy ir = 40,(0D
(2413) De 2d,+
FEO aren) -3G0,)-n y= 6 (23)
(40? 40, -40, “ey = 3el-9
C407°=8 Dy yy > 3¢t-9
(Dp -2n, -3)y = 3cl-9 es)
pe 4Q) . abn
A¢9° => Mo)=o
m= 217-350
67? BM+M-3 =O
miler Y-+iCm-3)=0 5
Orin) co 4
met, 3
GPs cet +e, et 4PTE tS ~the. Geral soli 3
Povial ckbgewntiad equdion +
Te ckppercntial equations cahich Pnvetuect tr partioh
daivedive s curd 2 er more Radiperaent bao'a bls
and cw%t ore Aiperchet veotghle is tnown as
Portal olépernbiel eQuechion,
Ex Pz +2 Pe .
I Gadi +e =a
Beimehion Pa Portia cdegorertial equations by ehménods
Orblany Constants cx) mel
Ut us Suppse
dz ~ J - ’
mrs i GE 5 9p. Peep vgs
aah a B dp i ‘Fa = 5, ert
hn 215 er oFeencthon—
Ze 024)
4Padhluns +
3 form pid Es 4s
“225 yr
FE ty bony ob
50a even cthed -
22= Yr 2.
Bee
£ —o
a
3]
-
lite Pantally cor fo teyu
Me cee :
P> t _@
dug Petr ally worn to “qe “40
Or 2dz_ ,
ay * Be
Sub OB In
Or 225 prigy.
S
D hor pee all sh spins % gPnn Rodin ‘er
hewving hair Grdve'y On he Ny plant.
Se ohte ab on orbHaxy Contosee
i Tie Eguetion of famnPly of spluus whose
Gates on my plone wth same veclite
C15 whu- ab are. onbitasty Gastants
Chra)?t YA) 4 93922 €)
dibg Parheelly Wo Wvye
20) + OF 2#P 50
UA= -2p OG
Ai 9D withrbayn
2a) +229 =0
yas 22 —@
sur @ EG 10
(-2p)r (-2g)? 127-6?
Bp + arg? te? ze
2 pig tay) =e
sare0 POE %
oy 25 (qa) (en)
WY dor por 4
Ze ant by a7 b
°Y tere POE cH
Peay Yama? +b
By ebamPrading a,b.dalyray
z= (Pa) y>-16) a)
ab ane orbiteay bndlente
aloco, ad p door. do oy
2
dx = 2% (tp)
Mab | -P
: 3x @
dD 7M" ya
D Spe (Haley
WHQ= s eo)
Partially
@ «£0
OF i)
2 °2 = 4M
by Liven 6 yO
Zz art by tat b>
Now, die p. an 7-40 ‘L'ancl y
dE 2g pz
an
O35 Hs
“oy b> gbea, PDE rs
Z= Pat gy tpi1gr
yb Given Fgn:
POY NG VPA +b 5 orb ens orbiter Canstobs
Ab6- €gOpwor 40 vy
BE 149 ean)
eae
ope yt XY
aS
Vazae
dipped +10 19" ¢9
ae 2 44 V wae
yf 1
= atlqza —@
Paty xy 4 a + my t 9 Uaar
+ Bag) (0 3)
peigy
ti) Fermadion a paxdial digger) | £ 4 dassdeg
goby. texy teane Sion ‘-
® ay 2-4 (Pay?)
Ny as dared) glared
Bt 2= dit ty) aq (aig)
Behe, | woftmeN Lyy
San FD EQ0
2s fePays) —O
dibs p cored Ayu
ge Nae) 29
P Haye) =O
dy. Porto nga
a G 4 (224y2) ay
ye HP ap) we
? Bg
cet a
PY-92=0
Y céitien Eqn. tote i
2: dace { WIR Number a
hera ) q(t rap) al tt at
ibbpeor.to "4 and Me 15 move than, fle
de : Corts ponding oveley
an= ¢ Mac) +4) (a-cb) arc poate
OE ny lq-ct) — Wi) “The Nowe oxbe if
gas Clue) tghla-ct) 2 __sindon, troll
: Contsperding pre.Pie vto 9g “eb
ge = cdlrtcd) +g! (2-0)
see
_ oe ¢(areh+ equa) —@
= cL A" (actu (eet)
22 en f dee
Ube C88) c vye)
ye
ae
cy Civen & gn
a= AOait) 49 (aig)
PO wt -to ng gry
Spe id' Cotiy) qe (aig)
PE prraty) gu (1A)
op
a -4"(aetiq) — 4" (Fy)
- prin agrNT] —@
Pcbw.t4o "1"
fe. eo fl Larig) gr (79)
dae = 4 (a4) 1g" (444) —@®
“dye
wm © UO
a ae “ae ey t=-7 => Tt =0y dy Ann Eq°
ay t= Haye) —@
p Ah wrt "2" ard ae
ees + ay 2) [» 22 4209]
yr = dNay2) Def)
= dl
ae try2) —@
PO. werto y ”
2y x4! q
Yt 9 fad
Py 411042) 7943)
t ettey2) —@
lage)
torn OO”
3 2a; 2y
yiapt2) alyqae)
7 (ugr2) =y™ (4p 2)
=f yup a yy a @ z
Note
aA 6 luv)=0 6 te Selubon 4a Corregonding
Panfial diffewahal 9 whew (vy) ano. Me haces
Othe uy? Keo He parked diff &y. t |
ey Be
‘
1
;
4
4dor th PDE qh the ~fottocsing Corveaponding 297s. ‘
ay F(AY™, aw) 29
py {444 2% sayz) <6
cr HCA Yt 21 AYP422) oo
ay Ein eg?
FP Ce, 2-9) =0 —=@
lit u= wy?, Vo B- ad
=2%, AU soy idv _
OG Geepy tee gn
“The PD F is
ah du
an a
=O
ay aly
an dy
2H 2y
py g-x| 7°
=> 229-4) 24 (P-9) 20
7 2xQ ~247- 2yp-t 29% Oo
“7 ~79P + 22g = 2a 29
~ 9p xg c Dg
ai ty At Given €4¢
Ary +2, “LAY 2-0 -@
Led w= tyt22, ye aay 13
du -¢ ;
cies dy. 4a
Ge IE
du .
gu - q+22¢
a - dy
J ay = oe
Maes ae Nt22g.
vt Be fer'ae | “0 \
an a4
Yt 22P Ut224
y122p (141g) — (t4p) (4229) 20
4412 ePF ya 2%p)q - (41: 729) -p(1422gQ)=0
41 229+ 94 + 22py "9-2 2g aes PE 22/1 <0
plar ay 2(yr22) Poy,
& Eien cy:
: Lyi 2¥, Vprw) 20 -@mae fet age 2, ve PG
del ett
g Pp tee 2U+227
On leat : :
Melug a,
5 iy ° pyt2zy
The POE is
ou oe
oh
%
iv dv | 7°
ae ey
ire ity
=O
247200 ony
(4p) (24-1229) —.(H9) (ox122-) =o
alpine eed +2764 ri PRS ERA 24% 2240
224 + 2gp - 22p— 2Xg fe 2 mnay
PB) pl2-a) = HY