Topic EULL NOTES > FUNCTIONS (21 CONCEPTS FuwneTtions> When a relation is given as on eqpakion , fF each x value gives you only | y-value, uk te a FuwcTions NOTATION» These are Hare wous of uxiting the same function : fixes 2x43 ff fod -2x+3 | y= 2243 DOMA! N=» Domain: Set of x-valuss you can enter tnto the funckion BRAN GE Ronge: Set of y-vales you get out of Ho function . 9 as | Domain: {x]x7-1} Range: {yl y>-3} EG29 yo 1 Domain: {x]a¥5} (can’t divide by zero) ala Range: {yl y#o} (this fraction can't equal 0) LomPosites Tf ue take tuo functions, f(x) & g(x), a composite function will convert x into fF (gtx). We represent this with: £(ga0)=[(F°9)c0) E.G.1 > F(x) Ia+l glx)=3-Uxe: (Feg)ex)= 2G-bx) t= 6-Bael = 7-8 £.G.2 94 (c)=6x-5, g(x) = xt-, Find (gf) : (9: £) (d= (2e-5)** (6x-5) > CarF)O)= + = 2 INVERSE You can find the inverse of a function by switching xb y, then making w the subject again. Ee Lalf focy= 2x43, find fz): y=D24+3 mp x=2y 43, 2-3 =2y y= 238 ao fe) = NOTE: You can find grapricolly by reflecting UE in y= x You con test an inverse by using He mule: (fof")(x)= xTheeeses A self-cnverse function is one that cs an inverse of ikeelf. ie: If f(x)= f(x) 08 F(fee)= x. E.G. > Test whether ya oe ts a self - inverse: Lsot.> Suite x&y: H=aPS | MY=OS, yah . Se f%)=P' OR) ~ E.G.29 Test whether (x)= 25 is a self - inverse Funchion : A Lyset.» Test £(¢on) : ey" cere" ert Se F(Fod) =x ¥ DOMAIN TRI CTionsremmoen: Tf a function ic ‘one-to-many’, hen C iE is net technically a function. Given Urat an tnverse essentially switches x&y, iL also switches valid many-to-one function (9: y=x*) to an tavalid. function (e.g: y= Sa). You may still find the tnverse of one of these functions, if you resinict the domain: (eg: y=Jx, eae) poe eee Even functions are functions that are symmetric With respect fo the y-axis (reflection). Ce: f(-*) = f (). Odd functions are functions that are symmetric abouk He onigen (rotational). i.e: f(-x)=~-f(x), ODD £ VEN > es : sad yesinx ye cose yext yet Not @ yar" is odd if n is odd, and even if n is even. O Loentitys The identity function assign each number to itself. Tk is also the result of tre composite of 2 inverse function, and is denoted I(x) = 0FGRAPH FEATURES FEATURE S> Vertical — asyoptete Domain : {x |x #8} on Range: {yl y#-2} UO norzontal asymptote, | 1C- intercepts IhTERsecTtrons You can find where the graphs of £6: & g(x) meet by setting [0c)= g(x), Hen solving for x E.G.1 > Find intersection of f(x)=2e +4 & glx)=-5x L fed=qle): ahh = 5x, xctels Sx =O , (x+U)(X+!)=0 eats ak x21 8 -b y =|FG]_@@ APH To sketch this, you replace any section of the graph below the x-axis by reflecting ub above tra x-axis y= Fox) Geaens The portion to the right of the y-axis is reflacted over He y-axis €.G.9 F(x)=-De+h: Graph FOO, 1F!, FOx1) 4 : ‘I te Wa NG) secregecseal shi] ? Th ee 9 F(x) = Dace for vertical asymptote, solve fog=o {i Le a For horc2. asymp. , plug on v. large x > y-uat ok x=0, x-tak. ok y=O — Test valuss either side of vertical asymp. fo see Ure general shage of curve(13-TRANSFORMATIONS RULES y= Fx) +b > Shift up by b units ai a) = Shift right by a unis = plo) + Stretch vertically by scale factor p s-FQx) 9 Stretch horizontally by s.f. 44, ye-f (x) = Refleck in the x-axis =f (-x) Reflect un tee y-axis £.G.1 > Describe the transformation of F(x)= act to £(x)=(x-8)": c Li Translation to the right by 8 units E.G. > Stretch y=cosx vertically by s.fie oe reflect cn Hee gy axis : 4 y= 1 cos (-x) £439 Tf f(x)=x’*, graph Fx) & 23FG): ae STRETCHES: REFLECTIONS: ERAL A Similar te how, when finding an inverse algebraically, you. a= xb y, Specifically , reflect fx) in the Line y= : E.G.4 > Toke the giaph of f(x), and graph (x): Note Good example * of f(x) not boeing a funckion’{LE-OTHER GRAPHS axtb RATIONAL > Functions that are in the form: 4 = oeed Asymptotes can be found by: veericaL: Making the denominator = 0 YoRIZONTAL : Purging in a V. large oa QR more technically: veeticaL: X= oh / HowizonTAL: Y= E.G1> Sketch y= FEB : L veeticaL aster. > x=3 =u L noeiz. asymp. > yee GEwEeAL Exe eenens Y=alb*)ed HA. ok yd > y-tnk ok (0, a+d) > shape f aro > \ shape if a The graph of y= logx is the inverse of yaa. *. Tr will be reflected in y=x , so x~int. ak (10) % VA. ak =O. GENERAL (x) RATIOWALS > R(x)= aay graphs will have a vertical asymptote, TAL _ 3(x+2(x-% ak the zeros of g(x) £.G> f(y B= ted) LWA. a X=] fe -te H.R: Found by evoluating what happens as X-»#00 : > 3- ee 23522 - Ei ete 2 Ee fe: As x 800, f@)=Be25 53. HAL a y= 3 IE is possible, that after synthetic division, as X+@, f(x) =mxre In this Case, we have an ‘oblique’ (diagonal) asymptote ab y=mxtc25} POLYNOMIALS 3A ‘Polynomial’ is a function tin the form: PR)= Oar Oyen a The ‘degree’ ef a pelynomial is the Largest exponent : n ~> Quadratics [ax*+bx+c] ore dealt with tn section cueics merry (rar | Gvaatie 3 [even, Cte 1, 3tunj} a Sharper ban we xt wonnn nara en pee nn -- = +--+ EEATU RES > Smooth curves > Continuous (no gaps) Ik fises (Plx)-> 60) oF falls (P(x) > - 4) without bound og x» #00 > Domain is alt or R > Polynomial, with degree n has ak most n-1 bums O EMAL Thee Rem Just as you can do 65=7, and get an answer such as Ae7, We can do He Sane for dividing a polypemial by (x-¢) rH olf 0 polynomial, P(x), is divided by (c-c), bre remainder is P(c). E613 Find the remainder when dividing 223-5xb+ 6x -3 by x-2 | Sets Using rem. thon. , 0(2)= 2 (2)-5(2)'+6(2)-3 = 16-20412-3 = Be remainder ESL Lohak is the remainder when g(x)=20+527-B+3 by c+ = Oo LeSol: g(-4) = 2(-W)?+5(-4)*-€Cu)+3 = 2C6M)45 (10) +3243 = 13(253 cont. Divison We can test potential factors, or find remainders /quctients, by doing synthetic or Long division. (Belo is (x’-Sx*+6x-3):(x-2)) : SYNTHETIC Dwision =| LONG DIVISION \ ae 2 5 6 3 } — QUOTIENT 1 U2/20- 6+ 6x-3 [et A % ' 28- Gxt © 222 (x-2) an 7 ores | seks Con <_aheace 2 beers =xt+ 2x =x (x-2) coefficients remainder 1. Gx - 3 Subtme v = Gx -% << 4(x-2) QUOTIENT: Dx*-2c44 J RemAINDER: 5] 5 —Remainner FACTOR > [A polynomial function P(x) has a factor] eee (x-<) f and only if P(c)=0. | + This is really just an extension of Uae remainder Uncorem, os ik takes sense that if there is no remainder, we have a factor. E.G.1 Show tak (x-u) is a factor of F(x)=xt+5zx-36 : Lsou: fle) = ()*+5(4)- 36 = 16+90-36=0 > Using this Rnowledge , woith synthetic div., we can solve harder problems. E.G2> Given that x=73 & X=8 are zeros of te polynomial funckion + Wex)=ac*="F 23- BO2-16 , find the other 2 zeros of h(x): Lsol.: We could do His manually: 8 using synthetic division may h(x) =2*-Ex?-30x -16 1 be quicker and easier : = (c4)4)(x-8)(24bx+¢) f ' [s) 1 % 0 -0 -% Comparins cients : Conttant team: - 16=(4)(4)( ,c= le xd beer: La)(e)r a Ce)[bar)+(A\lOx=-30x -3Un-Ubat Le = -30% b=0 2. Whe (ma)(x-9)(xt+h) Xitel =O gives us = £Di{LG QUADRATICS GENERAL FoeM> Is given as S@)= ars bx+e O GRAPH ry {a>o) OR Ein ving >+y-int.: at (0,¢) + No. of real roots: A >0, 2eodts © ent) obs A=0, {root - » Axis of Sym, : ak x= ee A<0 , Oreos for axtebxre 4 : x E19 Find features of y= 3xb-llx-4 : \ L Soke print: (0,-4) [A.of 5. x= 3B = YE Ja=ini-Gus)=u9 "J Beatuees>-X-ints.: at (p,0) & (9,0) we or ale-plep)) + Nettex: ak x= 2% pee — EeatTueess- Vertex: ak (h,k) 7 For a(x-nfrk) £.6.2 > f(x)=2(x-4)"+4 > Vertex ak (4,9) “vertex form" ee ELNDING moore s Roots > Factorising: 24.3.9 X43BX-10=20: (x+5)(x-2)=0 , x= 2er -5 Roots ep ‘zeros! ze ae £.G.6 9 X'-8x+5=0: ue (x-4)2+5 -16=0 (oc-4)F =I [atso oc] ye = ESETEB cont. Guar Roots (hen we have a quadratic equation wn He form y= Q9C'+bx+c , we Know tro following : SUM OF ROOTS = PRODUCT OF ROOTS = 6) LEO axt+bx+c=(x-a)(%-B)=0 axt+bx+c =x-ax -Bx +B =0 tex + Gx = x (atB)xt+aB =O o &.1 > Find the oe % produck of tots of f(x)=3x*-6x+15 bisa sum: = oe z propvct: Gea 5 Equaking coefficients: arpa | apes Pory 2oeTs > fl natural extension of the above gives us: PROD, OF sons fa) £6.24 Tf 0-32 +kx+75 =O has mots «,-%,B , find k For P(c)=O4X"+y..X04...t L405, SLM OF ROOTS Lyset: sum: &-o4 Ba) 2 PRoDveT: &(-0)(B)=-75 p=3 -0 B= -75 w= 25 Roots : 5,-5,3 2 WO- Bate ka + FH = (x-5)(x+5) (x -3)= 23-3? 252475, k= -25 £.6.3 (89 B42 +100K+2=20 has OS Flat. Re AANA =O , find a: Lyset: Baa ubre odes (2-a)=0. If (Geri) + (5%) =0, teen “HS t=O “b= Te Sea ute Q-2, a=50 ONTVGATE R00TS> Wis is covered in FB, but briefly: oA osha degree n>O has exackiy n roots TE z is a rook, then 2% is a rook (Where z-arbi & za-bi) If Hee polynomial, has an odd. degree , ik must have at last one real rockSOLVING f(z 9) earee st Solving an tnequatity tn paper 1 will most Likely come ui the form of a quadratic More specifically , Ess could mean quadrabics in both Functions, or a Linear function / constant a F(x) or glx). Whatever Ere case, tk will be solved by: > Subtracting gd, giving you f(x) - gx) > 0. Simplify . > Ifa<0, c Tfa>0, xeu and x28. £.G.1 > Solve the inequality eee oO Lyset: Do F(x)-g(x)>0: x*-2>0 Oo Rooks: x(x-1)=0 , ea OkL O>0: So x1 £.G.2> Solve Ux'+3x-204 Px+2x7+10! Lisot: foy-g@x) <0: bate3x-20-Fx-2x*-10< 0 2x1 -Ut -30 <0 Roots: 2(2%-2x-15)=0, 2(x-5)(x+3)=0, x=5 o -3 Q>0: -3ex€5 OTHERA Tit is not a quadratic, you may be able to do it algebraically oF grapically , Using, knowledge from topic (2). E£G.391 e'4xX, So 2De EGU 9 [2-1 [>[3-2] Ls Sob: (x-1)?< (3-x)P9 Uix-B>0 > 2 Paver 2 Simply graph each function on your GDC, observe which sections have fox)> g(x) and use the intersection function. Tlenspire : TI-8u: New document | 2: Add graphs > WE]] Y= f0)| y= 9(x)| eae fibd=£00 , fr60= 960 ~ [Taal] [ERLE] 5: intersect oO 9 RERD]| 6: Analyze Graph |: Intersection | Select First @ second curve 7 Select lower & upper bound