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Int Math 1 - Text Book

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543 views992 pages

Int Math 1 - Text Book

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Anoop Sreedhar
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John A, Carter fee tet Cee oes Cee, Ceuta race Jerry Cummins Ruth Casey Wires Prat ONO 7022071 mheonline.com Copyright© 2012 by The Mcsraw Hl Companles. ne ‘Alvighs reserved. No partof this pubeaon may ‘praduced or debuted in ny frm ob ny means ‘Srutredina databace of erival sat, without the ‘lorenten consent of The MccraneHalCmpaniey ca ing butt inte network orgnor iMesraw il Education {787 Oren Pisce Ison 978.0-07.663858 3486789 QvS 171615 4 Contents in Brief Chapter 0 Preparing for Integrated Math | Chapter 1 Expressions, Equations, and Functions Chapter 2 Linear Equations Chapter 3 Linear Functions, Chapter 4 Equations of Linear Functions Chapter 5 Linear Inequalities Chapter 6 Systems of Linear Equations and Inequolities Chapter Exponents and Exponential Functions Ghapter 8 Radical Functions, Rational Functions, and Equations Chapter 9 Statistics and Probability Chapter 10 Tools of Geometry ‘Ghapter 11 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Chapter 12 Congruent Triangles Chapter 13 Quadriaterals Chapter 14 Similatity, Transformations, and Symmetry Chapter 15 Circles ‘Student Handbook re ah co sia Qiscems rorow ee roreteaaperoremrgnteee niasinnayesie deere bee Thea ese for rasa nto wl oto a oe and soquece Lead Authors Poincare, Ph.D, Gilbert J. Cuevas, Ph.D. Penal Prem af abana Eonaten ‘at Stenan Hy Stel Tens Ste verty—San eos Une ins Sonties. Tae Accs cl Experi: sng tena rd manipulates ‘esl Experi: ping coca sis (runs cocopeyernr lermentel ratoravealy eh covets materia reprcettons Englengsage leas ao D roger day, pn, scr D cra matey Pra. [tents Depron Assis Peso Ponte Towed Stel ‘vest nor Cara at hapa Ponte i hapa Nath arin Aneasol pacin:Utescing and sping pbabity nfs of Egret and tea kg at sts; mahomates eater acaton seers inAgiea Program Authors D Ruth casey Jerry cummins Natomas Cnet J Math Comat Regal Teac are | Former reson, Ketoral Cane of Spnisrs of Uversy of Kenseg |) Maines Lest, enty Weston Spgs, tos as pets: Graphing teeny and mates rns al Epa: Caphingtecheolgy and matanaice br. Berchie Hota, Ed.0. D Beatice Moore Luchin ato atinates Contant Malet sun Sie Sng Naryond san Tens ‘neasol pete: sig mates nce ntesand eso! oie: Matanataliteay wag wn gic reat st; holt t paps on mata leoiogelearers ‘ecertang Contributing Author D dinah zke aE atonal Cnautit Ding Actes, ne. Sanrio, Tr ge professionals were instrumental n providing valuable input and suggedons fr imorvina the effectiveness ofthe mathematics insructon. Viken Hovsepian Profesor of Matamaloe nda Clege hii, Cla ay MeTiche {destin Astor ond Cortot Club, aryand Lead Consultants _ _ Consultants ‘Mathematical Content rant. Fase, Ph.D. Presa of Maes Caer Sate Univer, Los Angeles Las lageles, Clon tour Wayman, PRD. Proesor of Matera Emorts Calo Sate Uno, Lang Seach Long esc, alae Gitled and Talented Sib Kole Reseach Asitant ates of Comectut ‘Stor, Comet | College Readiness ober Le Kimball J. Deprtent Head, Mat and Pyss ka Tectia Community Clege ae, Neth Cana Differentiation for English-Language Learners Surana Davdenko. Sta Unies of te York (rand, NewYork edo Gime MobemaicsESt Teacher ‘Geo W Fone Hah Scot ‘Suse, New Yr Graphing Calculator uth M.Caey Naor nstctr Frankfort, Kenchy ber Cummins Farr Prescent "Naorl Counc ot Supervisors Mathematics este Springs nis Mathematical Fluency burt Capraro escatePoleseee Tras AS Uiverty (aloe Statin, Tras Pret Die Ross Lead Teach for Atvenced Pacement Matonatis agen High Scoot Phage, Ts Reading and Writing Aeleah Gossett Lent ‘to nd Eaton! Consult Nargeiown, Gk lym Havens Dexa Projet OSS spel, Montane Online Guide the eStudentEdltion allows you to access your math curciculum anytime, anywhere. The ons ound roughou our textbook prove you wih be oppor ta vi tower Veary one Fs Co Nein honey pers y rea Wing. a) tor Somer vaca seg Str tua anaes eassonary sn ‘roman ean oiuater reste feroraes sozn ‘ecg to [Speen esse bron ue ‘ay boca ere sate Practee oa ‘aya waer Get started on Chapter 0 Pretest (0-1 Plan or Problem Solving 0-2 Real Numbers 0-3 operations wih Integers +4 Ading and Subtracting Rational Numbers 6-5 Mutiptying and Dividing Rational Numbers 0-6 The Pernt Proportion 0-7 Perimeter oo wea ©9 Volume 0-10 Surface Area 0-11 Simple Probailty and Odds 0-12 Measures of Center, Variation, and Position 0-13 Representing Data ‘mPosttest sonnecie mograw-nil.com (tae aaa a a rae pn Pts Pr 3 i - eee elas | etree ‘Get Ready fr Chapter 2 Variables and Expressions 5 Order of Operations 0 Properties of Numbers 6 ‘& Extend: Algebra Lab Accuracy a The Distributive Property ‘=Mid-Chapter Quiz Equations Relations Functions a Gleste: Graphing Technoapy Lab Representing Functions cs 1-8 Interpreting Grophe of Functions 58 ASSESSMENT ‘Study Guide and Review ‘Practice Test 1 Preparing for Stanaaraied tests 1 Standardized Test Practice BAC onnectED ncaraw-hil.com Rae Get Ready for Chapter 2 at 22 2 a 25 2 a7 29 Writing Equations (G oploe: Aleta aa Sona Eaton Solving One-Step Equations ‘explore: gehes Lab Sonn Mul-Step Eats Solving Mult-Step Equations Solving Equations withthe Variable on Each Side Solving Equations Involving Absolute Value ‘= Mid-Chapter Quiz Ratios and Proportions Rlextend: Soreadshest Lab vescipie Wodelng Percent of Change (Dextont: Ageia Lab Percenles Literal Equations and Dimensional Analysis Weighted Averages. ASSESSMENT ‘Study Guide and Review ‘=Practice Test ‘Preparing for Standardized Tosts 1 Standardized Test Practice, Chapters 1-2 a8 ge g 228 mn 118 oy 125 1% 2 139 M6 us Linear Functions {et Ready fr Cay (G epre: Algebra Lab Arlying Lines Graphs +1 Graphing Linear Equations 3 32 Solving Linear Equations by Graphing {Extene Graphing Technolgy Lab Gracin Linear Functions cere: Ara Rtv chee tins Fron 33, Rate of Chang and Siope ‘5 Mid-Chapter Quiz f Direct Variation & ‘Arithmetic Sequences as Linear Functions (Dest: Algebra Lab Inductive and Douce Ressoring ‘3-6 Proportional and Nonproportional Relationships: ASSESSMENT 1 Study Guide and Review Practice Test ‘= Preparing for Standardized Tests ‘= Standareized Test Practice, Chaplers 1-3 PA connsciED.moorow hil com Sea mao ee 18 188 195 163 168 ” me 18 Bae 20 pEquations of Linear elite ois ‘Get Ready for Chapter ¢ aa ‘explore: Graphing Technology Lab Inestgatng Slope erent Farm 218 ax ‘Grephing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form {Extend Graphing Tecnology Lab Te Family of Linear Graphs Wilting Equations in Slope-Intercept Form 2 26 ‘Writing Equations in Point-Slope Form 2 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines. 28 26 ‘a Mid-Chapter Quiz Scatter Pots and Lines of Fit (Dlextere Algebra Lab Cerelation and Causation Inverse Linoar Functions 2a 258 Regression and Median-Fit Lines 238 28, ‘@ertanc: AgebraLab Owing iveses zn ASSESSMENT ‘Study Guide and Review zm ‘Practice Test am ‘= Preparing for Standardized Tests 2 = Standardized Test Practice, Chapters 1-4, 20 eer re \ Zee (BUTE Tal et eed sy et Ready fr Chapter § 5-1. Solving inequalities by Addition and Subtraction ‘R,Explore: Algebra Lab Solving neal, 5-2 Solving inequalities by Multiplication and Division 5-3 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities ‘= Mid-Chapter Quiz ‘Desptoe: Algebra Lab Reasing Compound Starenents ‘5-4 Solving Compound Inequalities 5-5. Inequalities Involving Absolute Value 5-6 Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables {Extend Graphing Technolgy Lab Graphing Inequalils ASSESSMENT ‘mStudy Guide and Review ‘Practice Test ‘=Preparing for Standardized Tests ‘Standardized Test Practice, Chaptors 1-5 I sonnoctE moor hil com BES eam to | Pee eC g8 8 8 88 BB g 88 BENE Systems Cylierts ‘Get Ready for Caper 6 6-1, Graphing Systems of Equations. iMEstend Graphing Technology Lab Systm o Equations 5-2, Substitution & Elimination Using Addition and Subtraction 16-4 Elimination Using Multiplication ‘aMid-Chapter Quiz 6-5 Applying Systems of Linear Equations (Extend: Algebra Lab Using ates to Soe Systems of austin 6-6 Systems of Inequalities [destond: Granting Technology Lab ystems of euailes [ASSESSMENT ‘Study Guide and Review ‘Practice Test ‘=Preparing for Standardized Tests smStandardized Test Practice, Chapters 1-6 Equations and Inequalities 33 5 mu 50 ST 283, 88 0 wm a gees Exponents Enh STUER LSy Get Ready fr Chapter? 7-1. Multiplication Properties of Exponents 7-2. Division Properties of Exponents 7-3. Rational Exponents 7-4 Scientific Notation ‘a Mid-Chapter Quiz (explore: Graphing Technology Lab Fart of Exponential Funct ‘7-5. Exponential Functions [Extent Graphing Technology Lab Solin Exganenl Equations and equates 7-6 Growth and Decay (Diesen: algebra Lab Tansarming Exponent Eustis, 7-7 Geometric Sequences as Exponential Functions (DoEsent: Algebra Lab Average Rate of Change of Exonetal Functions 7-8 Recursive Formulas ASSESSMENT ‘=Study Guide and Review ‘Practice Test '= Preparing for Standardized Tests 1 Standardized Test Practice, Chapters 1~7 PF sont. mograw hil. com aaa Eee eee deere et § BRB 88 BER gaa adical Functions, Rational HOS M Cena tay Get Ready for Chapter 8 ra 8-1. Square Root Functions 468 {extend Graphing Tecnology Lab Crepieg Square Rost Funetins a0 &-2 Simplifying Radical Expressions am (TEsond: Algebra La Rational nd rational Number an 8-2 Operations with Radical Expressions. 8 8-4 Radical Equations a3 ‘= Mid.Chapter Quiz “er 25 Inverse Variation 498, {B Expore: Graphing Technology Labs Family of Rational Functions 495, 8-6 Retional Functions 496, 8-7 Rational Equations, 02 {il Exend: Graphing Tectnoloay Lab Soin ational Eats oa ASSESSMENT ‘= Study Guide and Review st ‘= Practice Test 55 1 Preparing for Standardized Tests, a6 "= Standardized Test Practice, Chapters 1-8. oe Got Ready for Chapter 9 81 Statistics and Parameters 9-2. Distributions of Data 9-3 Comparing Sets of Data ‘=Mid-Chapter Quiz ‘Daten: Abra Lab Tay Frequency Teles {GLExtend: Graphing Tchnclogy Lab The Normal Cue ASSESSMENT ‘mStudy Guide and Review ‘uPractice Test ‘=Preparing for Standardized Tests ‘Standardized Test Practice, Chapters 1-8 Bf connectéD.mearaw.il.com ao g 28 8 8 gaa (Get Ready fr Chapter 10, 10-1 Points, Lines, and Planes (DEtend: Geometry Lab Descrsing What You Seo 10-2 Linear Measure (DEctend: Extension Lesson Preison ans Accurecy 10-3 Distance and Midpoints 10-4 Angle Measure 10-5 Exton Geometry Lab Consisting Perpendicules 10-6 Two-Dimensional Figures ‘Gl edond: Goomotry Sofware Lab Two-Dinensona Figures 10-7 Proving Segment Relationships 10-8 Proving Angle Relationships ASSESSMENT ‘mStudy Guide and Review ‘Practice Test "Preparing for Standardized Tests ‘Standardized Test Practice, Chapters 1-10 et Ready for Chapte 11 ‘4-1 Parallel Lines and Transversals ‘lexpiore: Geometry Sotware Lab Angles and Pralel Lines 44-2 Angles and Parallel Lines leon: Graphing Technology Lab nvestoaing ope 11-3 Slopes of Lines, ‘a Mid-Chapter Quiz Fi-4 Equations of Lines (Lenten: Geometry Lae Eouston of FerpendcutrBseiors 14-8 Proving Lines Parallel 11-6 Porpendiculars and Distance ASSESSMENT ‘Study Guide and Review ‘=Practice Tost "= Proparing for Standardized Tests 1 Standardized Test Practice, Chapters 1 Pi correctreuan-ticom Rae yrs. | ioe #998 8 88 88 88 gg88 Congruent Triangles (et Ready for Chapter 12 12-1 Classifying Triangles €Bolor: Geometry Lab Aries of Tangles 12-2 Angles of Tianales 12-3 Congruent Triangles 12-4 Proving Tiangles Congruest—SSS, SAS A Este Gtr Lab Proving Consturtons "§Mid-Chapter Quiz 12-5 Proving Tiangles Congruent—ASA, AAS ‘AcEstend: Geometry Lab Congrunce in ish anges 12-6 lececelee and Eq oral THanglos [@Eplore: Graphing Technsogy Lab CongrerceTanstomatons Congruence Transformations ‘Triangles and Coordinate Proof Actuolore: Geometry Labs Consrctng Bisectors A bxplore: Geometry Lab Conducting Medians and Aitutes Explore: Graphing Tochnulagy Laby The Tangle Inequality 12-9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles ASSESSMENT ‘= Study Guide and Review ‘Practice Test «= Preparing for Standardized Tests ® Standardized Test Practice, Chapters 1-12 i ice " ee 0 78 a2 ae2e 1 a2 a ae Bae Al 134 12 138 14 135 Get mead for Chaps 18 Parallelograns [Esplre: GrophingTeohnology Lab Palas Tests for Paralelograms, setig-chopt: Quiz Rectanaes ‘Rhombi and Squares “Trapezoid ard Kites ASSESSMENT ‘Stuy Guide and Review ‘=Practice Test Preparing for Standardized Tests «= Standardized Test Practice, Gapters 1-13 Af connectt.mooraw ilcon ataa eed i cgraw-fil.com “4 ecies Baas ened Get Realy fer Chapter 14 m4 42 148 118 145 146 “7 48 148 Sitar Tangles (Ci kiena: Geometry Fast Parle and Pependcur Les Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts Siniarity Wanstormations Reflections Translations ‘Mig-chapter Quiz ‘Esso: Goomery Lat Reatons Rotations ‘8 Eitond Geomeny Lab Sis of Revouton 5. expire: Gamer Stree Leb Compass of Fastnatons Compositions of Transformations CTV Esen: Geometry Lab Tessltons Symmetry ‘A Baten Geometry Lab BotrngConstustons wth Refectve Dee |B cer: Graphing Teohtlogy Lab Diatons Ditations ‘& Btund Geometry ab Estbising Tne Cogrence ane Smarty ASSESSMENT 1 Study Gude and Review Practice Test ® Propareg for Standardized Tests = Standardized Tet Practice, Chapters 1-14 ies ere 22ege 828 2888 F282 898 8 iA 164 15-2 163 64 (et Roady fr Chapter 15 Circles and Circumference ‘arcs and Chords Tangents ‘Aceon: Geometry Lab lnscrted and Creumsrbed Crees Equations of Circles [ASSESSMENT ‘Study Guide and Review Practice Test ‘=Preparing for Standardized Tests Standardized Test Practice, Chapters 1-15, A connec mcorw icon Rae is fninaton Cee ee ee Chetan om 1001 1002 1004 \22) tatty es uh: saps tes ecm lie eae mle roca eae aad Eateries iment Beemer nor tae ae) Beiter terme et cette ad Rene a trrteee ree aeteaCeS ed OLS rainan armen Mahe cee ir c eras Sane Norns GUase canner Mea men ct oy Seren ole tee Moron eh a) arenes Boner ea SER oye ere Cer ara an I ‘You wil review several concepts, kil, and vocabulary terms as you sty Chapter 0 “To get read, identity important terms and organize your resources. (THERES studyorganizer | Throughout this text, you willbe invited to use Foktables to exganze your nots. Why should you use them? 4 They help you xan, pay, and arange notion + Tn get styles, spectialy desired fu «Yu canutebomas our math jul fr earngmaln eas prolen-svig Sees, exam, or questions | youmayave {They gv you a tance to igrove your math vrai How shi you is then? 4 Wt grr frnatin — es, rot tems, ove ues nd an es =n ts ot yeurrocabe «ite pee ntrmaon— is yur huh ass toaweston op ces od eit — urd tes. + Uae etter stn concen npr he pest nls tp flow. ors oa able, emer ar canst feat wt wren wyand Fo | om + You may want sey Fai ina ste _ipper tap tat ou rave veel punched wo in your notebook. When should you use them? © Setup your Fldbl s you begin a chapter, or when you Stat arin @ new concep “Wt in your Feldale ever dy, ‘Use your Fel fo eve for homework, quizes, and tests, Gra ere | nse rte nbt spit etero ‘alr ansote puestas ‘epcoco erimeto evo dame centro ckenforenca rat wun rea de supericie robebied espacio mestal compleetos agama ce ato! probabdafes media nena rot ago ut ampli intra valores ations ria de bars tistograma ica tne sree creer lograma 62 clay pats Determine whether you need an estimate or an ‘vact answer. Then solve. 1. SHOPPING Addison paid $1.28 fr gum and $0.89 {ora package of notebook paper. She gave the ‘cashier a $5 bil. IF the tox was $0.4, how much, change should Addison receive? 2, DISTANCE Luis rode his bike 12 miles to his friend's house, then 0.7 mile tthe video store, ‘en 1.9 mils to the library Ihe ode the same route back home, about how ar did he travel inall? Find each sum or difference. 3 204(-7) 4-546 B92 6.184 ~(-32) 7.2314 (-981) 8 -56+(-307) Find each product or quotient 8-8) 10. ~15(-2) 1.63469) w-men Replace each @ with <, >,or= to make a true sentence. z ad 140158, 5 3 1 Onder 0}, 02, and rm esto greet Find each sum or difference. Wrte in simplest form. wed a wit-3 144 wits =e) Find each product or quotient, 20, 2.4(-07) 21, 405 + (-81) [Name the reciprocal of each number ay ay Find each product or quotient. Write in simplest form, [Express each percent asa fraction in simplest form. 30.20% 75% Use the percent proportion to find each number, £82. 181s what percent of 72 138, 351s what percent of 2007 34, 241s 60% of what number? 38, TEST SCORES James answered 1 items correctly ‘ona i6-item quiz. What percent did he answer correctly? ‘6 BASKETBALL Emily made 75% ofthe baskets that she attempted. Ifshe made 9 baskets, how many attemps did she make? Find the perimeter and area ofeach figure. o. 3. fom 38, A parallelogram has sie lengths of inches and. 1 inches. Fin the perimeter 40, GARDENS Find the perimeter of the garden. aa are Lai “Find the circumference and area ofeach circle Round tothe nearest tenth. : ¢€ . © 48, BIRDS The floor of a birdeage isa circle with a circumference of about 47.1 inches What isthe iameter ofthe birdcage flooe? Round tothe nearest inch, Find the volume and surface area ofeach rectangular prism given the measurements below. we Jem, t= Lem, ft 66 fu A hesit 46, Find the volume and surface areaof the rectangular prism (One pencil i randomly selected from acase containing 3 red 4 green, 2 black, and 6 blue pencils, Find exch probability. 47, Pigreen) 48, Pred orblue) 49, Usea tre diagram to find the sample space fer the eventa dis rolled, and a coin fossd. State ‘the number of possible outcomes, (One coins randomly selected from a jar containing 20 pennies, 15 nickels, 3 dimes, fnd 12 quarters. Find the odds of each outcome. Write in simplest form, 50. a penny 51, apenny or nickel A | chapter0 | Pretest |52, A coins tossed 50 times, The results are shown in the table. Find the experimental probability of heads, Write asa fraction in simplest form. | Find the mean, median, and mode for each set ofdata. 58. (10,11,18,24,30), | HH89.9,10 16261 | 8 find he range median owes quate and ‘upper quartile fr (16, 19,21, 24, 25,31, 35). ‘56, SOHOOL Devonte's scores on his fist four Spanish, tests are 92, 85,90, and 92. What test score must ‘Devonte eam on the fifth test so thatthe mean weil be exactly 907 57, MUSE The table shows the results of survey in which students were asked to choose which of Four instruments they would lke to Tear. Make ‘bar graph ofthe data S58. Make a double box-and-whisker plot the data ‘A:42, 80, 38,59, 50,44, 46, 62,47, 35, 55,56 B47, 49,48, 9,40 54, 56,42, 57, 45, 45.46, ‘58. EXPENSES The table shows how Dylan spent his money a the fai ‘What typeof graph is the best way to display | these data? Explain your [ reasoning and make a graph of the data, MEU ae) SHV) Using dv out prOblemesOWiNG PIA can help you solve any word problem. ;ommon Gare State Standards athens Practns KeyConcept FourStep Protiem Solving Pan BE tncersoune Pten Soe be Pte. | BEE rin ne outer. ES cece stn, — Each step ofthe pln important. Understand the Problem Tosolvea verbal problem, rst ead the problem crefily and explore what the problem saboct + identi hat informations given. + Taentiy what you ned find EEE Pian the Station (ne strategy you can uses to write an equation. Choos a variable to resent one ofthe unepecified numbers in he problem, This called ‘Slningaaal. Thr we thane wae epost other “nepecied umber inte problem Sov tha Proton Use the strategy you chose in Step 20 solve the problem, (BEE check the Soution ‘Check your answer inthe context of the original problem. + Does yout answer make sense? ++ Does it fitthe information in the problem? FLOORS Ling’s hallway is 10 feet long and 4 feet wide. He paid $200 ttle his, hallway floor Hew much did Ling pay per square foot forthe tle? Understind We are given the measurements ofthe hallway and the total cost ofthe tle We are asked to find the cost of each square fot of tle. Pen Witean equation. Let represent the cost of each square fct of tie. ‘The tea ofthe hallway is 10 x 4 or 80 40 times thecost per square foot equals 200, oo o = 200 ‘Sole 40. f=200, Find fmentally by asking, "What number times40 is 200°" f=5 ‘The tke cost $5 per square foot Check Ifthe tile costs $5 per square foot, then 40 square fet of tle costs 5 40 0 $20). The answer makes sense pee) ws ‘When an exact value is needed, you can use estimation to check your answer, TRAVEL, Emily’s family drove 2546 miles. Their ear used 19 gallons of gasoline, Deseribe the cars gas mileage. ‘Underatnd We are given the total miles driven and how much gasoline was used, ‘We are asked to find the gas mileage ofthe car. lon. Write an equation, Let G represent the car's gas mileage. {ges mileage = number of miles + numberof gallons used G=2516+19 ‘Solve G= 2546 +19 134 mi/gat ‘The car's gas mileage is 19.4 miles per gallon. | Check: Use estimation to check your solution. 260 mi + 20 gal = 13 mi/gal Since the solution 134 is close to the estimate, the answer is resonable. Determine whether you need an estimate oran exact answer. Then use the four step problem-solving plan to solve. 4 DRIVING While on vacetion the Jacobson family drove 3128 miles the frst day, 1772 miles the second day, and 208 miles the third day. About how many miles did they travel inal? 2. PETS. Ms. Hernandez boarded her dog ata kennel ford days. It cost $18.90 per Gay, and she had a coupon for $5 off What was the final cost for boarding her dog? ‘3, MEASUREMENT William is using a 7S-liter container to fila Welter container of water, About how many’ times will he need to fil the smaller container? 4, SEWING Fabric cost $5.15 per yard. The drama department needs 18 yards ofthe fabric for thei new play. About how much should they expect to pay? ‘5 FINANCIAL LIERAGY The tableshows donations to help purchase a new tee forthe School How much money did the students donate in all? Tame] Aaa 6, SHOPPING Is $12 enough to buy half gallon of milk for $2.30, a bag of apples for $53.99, and four cups of yogurt that cost $0.79 each? Explain Gif rs 1 ene rater nts Real Numbers: ‘A number line can be used to show the sets of natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, and rational numbers. Values greater than 0, or PositioERERDS e listed tothe right oF and values less than 0, oF RegakiVeIUMDRHS, are listed to he left of 0 tara 1,2, 5, ‘WHOLE: 01,23, SAUER... ~3,—2,-1,0,1,2,3, ‘ional Mumba rumbers that can be expressed inthe form % where and baveintegers end b +6 A NSRERALs one of two equal factors ofa number. For example, one square root of 64, written os V6, i 8 since 8 8 or is 64. The nonnegative square rot of 8 fhumber is the PHRIBIGUARBHODL Anotner square rot of 64s ~8 sine (8) or 8) is also 4 A number like 6, witha square rot that ia rational number, s Called a PexfetSHNBEE. The square rons ofa perfect square are rational numbers, Anumber suchas V3 is thesquare root of a number that is nota perfect square. It canrat be expressed asa ferminating or repeating decimal; i= 1.73006... Numbers that Cannot be expressed as terminating or repeating decimals of inthe form where and Bare integers and b #0, are called rational numbers Irrational numbers and rational numbers together form the set of realnumbes [Name the set or sets of numbers to which each real number belongs. Because and 22 are integers and § +22 = 02272727... or 0227, which isa repeating decimal, this number isa rational number. bar Becsuse VET = 9 this number ea natural number a whole umber an integer, snd rational number: vm Because V5 = 7.4893147.., whichis nota repeating or terminating decimal, this number i irrational. To UM» tof numbers mers o dn or pl hepa rated by hose uber ona nuberine The umber hat reports pote be ine ‘eal he i input The ena arb ene atone amber compet henanber ine =a Graph each set of nambers on a number line. Then order the numbers from eat lo greatest 28-454} i From leastto greet the orderis ~§ ~1,3,and 9 {65 v.63, v7} Expres cach number a decimal. Then onder the decimals ehaos VB=7 63 =6.3339393.. V7 = 7546844... ate eT peaceanne ese From least to gretest, the orders 63,68, VB. and VI7. « {vm 47,8 43) VB = 447213595. ew Teva dias abana From least ogress, th onder 2,44, 2, and 47 Any repeating decimal can be written as Write 07 as a fraction in simplest form. BMD 0777... ttn he re ON = 190777.) Sonam de ty ch ley Nar Stn (BOTH sitzac fom 10N to eiminte the part ofthe number tha repeats won =777. om ove? stn MAL ote ee set H Ned saith re eres ratanies Perfect squares can be used to simplify square roots of ational numbers. atonal nurbers wih sour os tat aera nanbers 25is.aparel spare since V25 = 5. ‘Wtiea patel sq soe VTE = 12. ‘Simplify each square rot. Badan re 21 6 ‘You enn estimate roo that are not perfect squares. Estimate each square ro0t tothe nearest whole number, av Find the two perfect square closest to 15. List some perfect squares, 1,4,9,16,25,36, \ 9< 15 <16 — witeanonalty VS negate prose b-s1st3) S14 (3) 217 sane sin —> pete non o-210) A1D=14) = 168 sanesion —> pest pater 4a? B47 =-9 ators —> neat cote Flad each sum or difference. 1.5413 Zu +(-19) a-v-8 A A774 (46) 82-31 6414 (-56) 7, 50-82 a3 9. 50+ 102 Find each product or quotient. 10. 58) 1.60512 2-205) 18. 54 5 (-8) 14. 8-22) 15.544 (-6) 16. 318) 17, 2309) 18-2042 19, WEATHER The outside temperature was —4°F in the morning snd 19°F in the fenoon. By how much did the temperature increase? ‘20, DOLPHINS dolphin swimming 24 fee below the ocean's surface dives 18 feet straight down, How many feot below the ocean's sutface isthe dolphin now? 21, MCVIES A movie thester gave out 50 coupons fr $3 off exch movie. What isthe total amount of discounts provided by the theater? £22, WAGES Emilio ears $11 per hour. He works 14 hours a week. His employer ‘withholds $32 from each paycheck for taxes. Ihe is paid weedy, whats the anount of his paycheck? 22. RAMA LTERACY Ta working on monthly budge Hr mon inom is 500, She has allocated $200 fr savings, $100 for vehicle expenses, andl $75 for clothing. How much i available to spend on entertainment? Breen | penne (© campae ad oer at anger ramos ‘Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers ‘You can use diferent methods to compare rational numbers. One way sto compare two fractions with common denominators. Another way isto compare decimals, HEI write as decimals ite 3 and 3 as decimals. You may want to use a calculator. ‘rite and $s decimals. You may want to usea calcu 2[E] EE .coeb8808e7 Aaa ‘You can order ational numbers by writing al ofthe fractions as decimals ‘Onder 3, 53,49, and —5 fom least greatest shes shes a9n49 Se 86 ~56.<49 < 53-<5:375.So, from est to greatest. thenunbers are 58. 49,53, and5 To add or subtract fractions with the same denominator, add or subtract the ‘numerator and waite the sum ot difference over the denominator [aap rar acne Raa ‘Find each sum or difference. Write in simplest form. ‘The denial ae hse Ad he umeat. ‘Si. ‘he centr ae he sane State nme. Sip. Fea be ttn ‘The donne are same. Suet he ers Sip, ‘Todd or subiact factions with unlike denwnsinatos it fn the last common denominator LCD). Rename each fraction with the LCD, and then aed or subtract. Simplify if posible. ce | Find each sum or difference. Wete in simplest form. ‘aL ar 2a Renae 20th mame. Sip. ‘et Baa 3 24 ena sins “WetsDbr sant 42n nenne ask at 2, ‘inp P14 1 ceson 4 | Aang an suring Ratios mbes ‘studyfip You can use a number line to adi rational numbers. nie Lie Tous ube ep yosrpect tnetstromoe ou are Use anumber line to find 25 + (-3). (BET Draw an arrow from 0102.5. BITE] Draw a second arrow 3.5 units to the left. ‘Thesecond arrow ends at 80,25 +(-35)=—1. ‘You can also use absolute value to ad rational numbers. ‘31+ 25=58 | Atand25 arose, ‘obesin spine. ea eae san ipoate. Tara eaa= | vedcesee [ate 2s | Si riiegeie 6 esc 08 aes va, 0 the ese ‘unis ea Find each sum. a 13a +86) 13.12 + (-86) = -(1-13:121+1-8.61) sot aundersare ects tem is nae. = (312486) bse of rosa cunben slvayepstne =n siete ‘ne 1 1. Replace saree sate ues. cus Z| simp me ‘To subtact a negative rational number, add its inverse. Find ~32.25 ~ (42.5), 92S (ADS) = 32254425 To sbinct a2, eee mee =15251—1~32.25] _swsroctne ste les. eeause 142s ret han] 1225 haste poste. -425~3225 Abo vals roc ener 8 staat 1025 Senpty. Replace each @ with <, >, oF = to make a true sentence. 1-$03 24eon Porters ‘ weed wit Find each sum or difference. Write in simplest form if necessary. 2 -16+(-38) T-Mb4(-45) mh -m49s 042 29, -916- 1017 30.2637 +(-611) REI .793-—H 13 i =F mot 1 3 -$4{-4) 4) 4, GEDGIUPNY About Z of he suc Earh covered by water There of the surfaces covered lan How mut of rts arace covered by and? BJ Pte | tessono | Acsing an subtracting Ratna Noto Cs (© utp and cie ‘el bes. (Gig Newvocabulary inate: repeals Multiplying and Dividing Rational Numbers “The product or quotient of two rational numbers having the same sign is positive ‘The product or quotient of to rational numbers having diferent signs is negative Find each product or quotient. a 72(-02) 23.94 + (108) iene > eta pact sane ign — poste wet 72{-02) = =144 2394 + (-105) = 2.28, “To multiply factions, multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators. Ifthe yhumeratoreand denominators have common factors, you can simplify before you ‘multiply by canceling. Sh Find each product. ayo rei. sino. mat mare, eat bedeeminats. sity. ay eGo 2 at he eumaratr. tie desea soy. edie umes. ‘fe meio nd sg. on — ‘Studytip eesti esen ater ar sina isc? sna 2 cet te cote cen dos otek ‘Two nunibere whose products 1 are called miuINPINSLIVE VERSES or FERIpTOEAS. RS Name the reciprocal of each number. Worf ast Sw eprmers ant a tig The reciprocal of 88 5 To divide one traction by another fraction, multiply the dividend by the reciprocal ofthe divisor ee sh ‘Find each quotient. sata 13 ens sm, suet 2 erence ‘Sing, 4 ne epoca 2, seats fyb be mosel3 ame ign —r poste gute si FJ rv esas stig ig tones Find each product or quotient. Round tothe nearest hundredth if necessary, 1. 65(013) 2 5803) 8.3 +(-6) 4-14-29) 5-784 (-13) 6. 8 + (-09) 1. 075(-64) 8 -m94 +105, 9 244213 1 ast Find each quotient. 19, PZK Alarge paz at Pizza Shcchas 2sice Boy te of the paz, how many slices pies did ea? 14, St Samantha practices tet for th Bours each wed How many hours does she practice na mont? 45 BAND How many band uniforms canbe made with 1313 ard of fabri each uniform requles 32 yards? 46, CARPENTRY How many boards, each 2 fet 8 inches long, can be cut fom a board 16 feet long iFthere is no waste? 1, SENG How many inch dons canbe ct rom 1 yal of bb? Objective © taean.o te ert rer. Qj Newvocabulary cet Peco pn Jr jionnes ihe Percent Proportion ‘A REE sa rato that compares a number to 10). T write a percent asa fraction, express the ratio as a faction with a denominator of 100 Fractions should be ‘expressed in simplest form. [Express each percent asa fraction or mixed number. a7 Tee Be dinsocee 107% 107 = oxen et a1 sen eos 95 oentonotpaens asm= 85 on Sas MW te ramerat an eronintr by 1910 iis he dea iether by 10% iit ed ‘Siti |n the ERSEREOPORIOR, the ratio ofa part of something tothe whole (base is ‘equal to the percent written asa fraction, Fae Be crt wore B= 708 Example: 25% of 40 is 10, You ean use the percnt proportion to find the part 40% of 30s what number? amghy —Teperonis andthe base 0a reese ie pr fede ot 0, $= 8 eee nui s0 and pwn 00 1002 = 30(40) Ft cess pres 1002 = 1200 snp 46 w= 1200 ou eae site 10. 100 09 " ” ann ‘Sint. ‘The partis 12. So, 40% of 30s 12. ‘You can also ase the percent proportion to find the percent ofthe base. SURVEYS Kelsey took a survey of students inher lunch period. 42 out oF the ‘ostudents Kelsey surveyed said their family had a pet. What percent of the students had pets? =F tepais ean base 70. preetnt e af temsom Lat pee pret aE, trecoanin sean own 7, n-i0 4200 70p Fd nec prods 00 _ 700 FOP pia neste 7. Sine (7518 75% of what number? ‘he percents 75a pri B75. Lt roast as StudyTip Pacer opin ‘ron pes, i, (ree tls» wot Rosacea win 675 an pwin75 a BB waewrnion SO=b Thebes 296758 75% 0. Express each percent a a fraction or mixed number in simplest form. ee 2 oor an% 4.120% 5 78% 6.25% 7. 08% 8.04% 9. 00% Use the percent proportion to find each number. 10, 251s waat percent of 1257 11, 16 ie what percent of 40? 42, 14is20% of what number? 18, 50% of what number i 80? 14, What rumberis 25% of 16? 15. Find 10% of 5. 16, What percent of 48s 30? 17, What number 150% of 32? 48, 5% of what number is95? 48, Lis what percent of 400? 20, Find 05% of 250, 21, 4915 200% of what number? 22. 151s what percent of 12? 23, 361s what percent of 207 Sa | 24, BASKETBALL Madeline usually makes 85% of her shots in basketball. she attempts 20, how many will she likely make? TEST SCORES Brian answered 36 items correctly ona 40-item test. What percent did he answer correctly? 26, CARD GAMES Juanita told her dad that she won 80% of the card games she played. yesterday. If she won 4 games, how many games did she play? 27, SOLUTIONS A glucose solution is prepared by dissolving 6 milters of glucose in 120 muliliters of pure solution: What is the percent of glucose in the resulting solution? 28. DRIVER'S ED Kara needs to get a 75% on her driving education test in order to get her license. I there are 35 questions on the test, how many does she need to answer correctly? 28. HEALTH The US. Food and Drug Administration requires a food manufactures t abe ther product witha Nuttin Fats nutritional label. The label shows the information Sewmaste 109 2309) froma package of macaroni and cheese. Sewn cries 4. The label states that a serving contains 3 grams of saturated fat, whichis 15% of the daly value recommended for a 2000-Calore diet. How ‘many grams of saturated fat are recommended for Sse 22000-Calore diet? Bat 1 1b, The 470 milligrams of sodium (calt inthe macaroni a = and cheese is 20° of the recommended dally value. ‘What isthe recommended daily value of sodium? ©. Fora healthy diet, the National Research Council recommends that no more than 30 percent ofthe total | Wann a> Vim Cm Calories come from fat. What percent of the Calories in [Catun 20% + bon «serving of this macaroni and cheese come from fa? Dey Far og OF ‘90, TEST SCORES The table shows the numberof points each student in Will's study sroup eamed on a recent math test. There were 88 points possible onthe test. Expressall answers to the nearest tenth of a percent. wi _[ Pony | Chem | Wea | o z fe [sa | @ Find Wills percent correct on the test a b. Find Cheng’s percent correct on the test ©. Find Rob's percent correct onthe test 44. What was the highest percentage? The lowest? ‘31, FET STORE In a pet store, 15% of the animals are hamsters Ifthe store has 40 animals, how many of them are hamsters? J r2 | wont | merc rapn ee ata lp PAGEL isthe distance around a figure, Perimeter is measured in liner units. Rectangle Parallelogran, Find the perimeter ofeach figure, a rectangle with alength ofS inches and a width of 1 inch inf g P=240) —reitectormia H+) cas 1). ‘The perimeter is 12 inches. . a square with a side length of7 centimeters O Peds Painter trmla 40) nepae win? =28 The perimeter is 28 centimeters. a) Find the perimeter of each figure. we Sabb He Pein tomuis Pm 2l0+b) Printer formia casees a 2(14-+ 12) =a vu 2208) we ‘The perimeter of the rangle is = sty. Winches. “The perimeter ofthe parallelogram is 52 meters. FIs the set ofall points in a plane that are the same distance fom a given point. “The formula forthe circumference ofa circles C = i or C = 2a. Find each circunference tothe nearest tenth. 1. The radius is feet '. The diameter i515 centimeters. Cater uwnloece ae Card creases mals = 2m(6)—Bepicerina = (15) elce win bn Sinty = 155 sino, ‘The exact cirumference i Br feet. M71 Un ncievtore wate tr. 5 “The circumference is about ‘The circumference i about 25.1 feet, J Circuferend Cm 2m Creumfrne ms (3 2 oso 188 UsescsodartoerhiolaGn ‘The circumference is about 18.8 meters. (EI p24 | tesson 0:7 | perimeter Find the perimeter ofeach figure. 4 ans i a 5a square with sdeength inches 8. erecange with engl centimeters and width 3 centimeters 7. a wanle with fet 13 and 1 fet 8a program wilh side length bnchesand inches 84a quarter witha rads of7 inches Find th dreumferenc ofeach circle, Round ithe nearest enh 1. 1 m . ° ey 18, GARDENS A square garden has a side length of 58 meters. What isthe perimeter of the garden? 44 0S rectangular oom is 128 fet wee an 14 et long, What the perimeter oft room? 18, CYCLING The tre for a 10-peed bicycle has a diameter of 7 inches. Find the Aistance traveled in 10 rotations of the tire. Round tothe nearest tenth. 18, GEOGRAPHY Earth’ circumference is approximately 25,00 miles you could dig a tunel to the center ofthe Earth, how long would the tunnel be? Round to the nears tenth mile Find the perimeter ofeach figure, Round tothe nearest tenth. ” ten te 200 i i em KGacnmpermconl pas El | Objective 1 Fre ot o> henson ues. (By Newvocabuiary Bl P26 | teson os | AER isthe numberof square units needed to cover a surface. Area is measured in “Find the area of each figure. 2a redangle with a length of 7 yards and a width of 1 yard Ty 1 yore =70) =7 —Treaten ofthe rectangle i¢7 quae yards. ba square with aside length of 2 meters Asst petemss Bsa =4 ‘The areas square meters. ‘StudyTip nt an Yuan we ‘mena na check oat ‘ow Seu era ‘atten ry or. TS Find he sreaofeac gue, A apmntotogenwiabet of sage withabase ot ictindhignf3 ee Znilinces ans epheo Ferien | a na = Anh taatemle anti =n) fn =a) 29 so ow ‘These 98 gure ‘Tea 30squre inte “The formula for the area ofa circle is A = mr, Find the area of each circle tothe nearest tenth, 2. aradius of centimeters Aznt seca lms =107 eal wth =or Siro. =283 Use ator teat “The area is about 283 square centineters, 0, adiameter of21 meters Aare seen ela = ROS Recents =M025R sing = 364 Use a alee vate 10285. ‘The area is about 346.4 square meters, ae ah Estimate the area of the polygon if exch aquare represents I square mile, ‘One way to estimate the area isto count each square ‘sone unitand each partial square asa half unit. no ‘matter how large or smal. A squares + partial squares = 21() + 805) 21 wile ques 2 pata sqrt m1 +4005 “The area ofthe polygon is about 25 square mils Find the area of each figure. - Find the area ofeach figure. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary. 4. a triangle with a base 12 millimeters and height 11 milimeters| 5, a square with side length 9 feet 6. a rectangle ith length 8 centimeters and width 2 centimeters 7. triangle witha base 6 fet and height 3 feet 8. a quartercirle witha diameter of 4 meters 8. a semicircle witha radius f3 inches Find the area ofeach circle, Round tothe nearest tenth. : © : © @ 44, The radius is 72 millimeters. 16, The diameter is 25 feet. 17, CANPING The square floor ofa tent has an area of 49 square feet. Whats the side 13, The radius is 4 centimeters. 15, The diarmter i 16 inches. length ofthe tent? Fotimate thearea ofeach polygon in square units. 8 0 20, WSTORY Stonehenge is an ancient monument in Wiltshire, England. The giant stones of Stonehenge are arranged in a circle 30 metersin diameter Find the area ‘of the cree. Round tothe nearest tenth square meter Find the are ofeach figure. Round to the nearest tenth. 2 me - i. - a. [BDI ze | usson os | ares hon Ee) © Fre etiesot ‘ecg ps ans since MORI ic the meacute of apace occupies! by a sold Volume is measured in bie units, ‘olin the volume ofa rectangular prism, multiply the Jength times the width times the height. The forma forthe volume of a rectangular prism is shown below. Vetoweh ‘The prism atthe right has a volume of 2-2-3. oF 12cubic units, Find the volume of each rectangular prism. 2 The ength is 8 centimeters, the width is 1 centimet S centimeters. Veresw- voomefomse 86165 Rapace Eth 6 witha is. =40 soy. ‘The volume's 40 cubic centimeters. a a a ‘Theprism has length of 4 feet, width of2 feet, and height of 3 fet. 9+ lie eras 2-3 fapace th, wind and hit a2 Siti. The volume is 24 cubic fet. ‘The volume ofa slid isthe product ofthe area of the base and the heigh: ofthe ‘Solid. Fora cylinder, he area of the bace is w72,So the volume fa = mh, ind the volume of the cylinder. very oun oa ye =n132)6 the a =5in sing = 106 se ea ‘The volumes about 169.6 cutic inches. izaa=arinl ns Find the volume of each rectangular prism given the length, width, and height. 1, ¢=5em,w=3emh= 2am 2 20 = 10m, = 1m 6 yd.t0=2yd, dye 4. €22in, w Sin, N= 12in, BR was thet 6 C= 78.01, 3B Find the volume ofeach rectangular prism. ae = 06 mm, h=8 mm 8. GEOMETRY cube measres3 meters ona sie Whats volme? 10, AWAUMS An aquarium Is 8 fet ng feet wide and fet deep What the Coltme ofthe sear? 1, COOKING Whats the volume of «microwave oven thats 18 inches wide by 1oincheslong with depth of 14 ches? 12, BOXES A cardboard box s 32 inches lang, 2 inches wide, nd Telnches tal Whats the volume o box? 13, SUMMING POOLS. cldren's rectangular pool old 480 abi ett water What ithe depth ofthe pol is lengths 30 fest and is with 16 feet 14, BAKING A rectangular cake pan has a volume of 234 cubic inches. Ifthe length of, thepan is inches and the width is 13 inches, what isthe height of te pan? 15, GEOMETRY The volume ofthe rectangular vom prism at the right is 440 cubic centimeters. ‘What i the width? nee Find the volume ofeach cylinder. Round to the nearest tenth 6 230 " 19, FIREWOOD Firewood is usually sold by a measure known asa cord, ‘A fill cord may bea stack 8 x 4% 4 feet ora stack 8 x 8x 2 feet. 8. Whats the volune ofa full cord of firewood? 1. “short cor” of od is 8x 4 the length ofthe logs What tke volume of shor cord oF eo logs? ‘6 I'you have an area that is 12 fet long and 2 feet wide in which to store your firewood, hw high will the ctack be ia full cord of wood? Ed 30 | Lessons | volume _-Objective Surface Area ‘SUSE is the sum ofthe area of al the surfaces, or faces, ofa solid. Surface area is measured in square units Prism tinder Find the surface area ofeach solid. Round tothe nearest tenth if necessary. om —_. ‘The prism has a length of 3 meters, width of 1 meter and height ofS meters 2ew + 20h + 20h Sale ra fers 2G)d-+ 2815) +206) e=5, 6430410 asi 46 re The surface area is 46 square mete, ben ay ‘The height is 8 centimetersand the radius ofthe base is 3 centimeters. The surface areas the sum ofthe area of each base, 27, and the area ofthe side, given by the citcumference of the base times the height or 2xrh. rh +2? Fox for stacey, (V8) + 23%) rane=s rer Sie = 2073.em™ acalvats en) Find the surface area of each rectangle prism given he messurement below. 1e=6in, Walia. haan 2tesmee2minrm A f=10mmendmmh=Smm 4 ¢=62em0=1an,4=3em Bea7hwerninde jam = 24m h=9m Find the surtac ares of ach ali bom B® 8 Ban 5 san nm ‘200 12 S20 Tsien 413, GEOMETRY Whatis the surface area ofa cube with side length of2 meters? 14 os A git boxisa cectanglar pi 1 inches ong Since wide and inches tigu ile porbc core inne now much abe lnncde i arena orp? 18, ONES Ane retigerator i shippina box nehes dep 66 inches igh an sot inces wide What the surface te ofthe box in are fet? Round tothe nearest square foot. (Hint: 1 f2 = 144 in) 16, PAINTING A cabinet is 6 feet high, 3 fet wide, and 2 fet long, The entire outside ‘surface ofthe cabinets being painted excep for the bottom. What isthe surface fares ofthe cabinet that is being painted? 1. SOUP A soup canis inches al and has a diameter of inches, How much paper {Seeded fot labelon the can? Round your answer tte neet eth 18, CRAFTS Fora crf project, Sara is covering all the sides ofa box with tickers. ‘The length of the box is 8 inches, the width is 6 inches, and the height is 4 inches. each sticker hes a length oF inches and a width of dinches, how many stickers does she need to cover the box? GBI pa | Lesson o-10 | surtace Area Cae (© Fed he protaaty ant ee tse ors, 4 i i simple Probability and Odds ‘The probability ofan events the rai ofthe numberof favorable outcomes forthe event othe total numberof possible outcomes. When you rola de, here ares possible outcomes: 1,2 3,45, 0° 6 This sto al possible | outcomes i called the plea. ‘When there are outcomes and the probability ofeach cone is we say that the outcomes are RII). For example, when you rll die, the 6 posible outcomes re equally likely because each outcome has a probability of. The probability ofan events always between and 1, inchusive. The closer a probebiity i to 1, the more likely its to occur Ss A dieis rolled. Find each probability 4 rolling a 1015, There are six possible outsomes. There ae two favorale outcomes, 1 and 5 probability «umber of avoable outcomes ‘galnanbeofpable outcomes ~ & $0, PQ10r5)= ort. bs rollngan even number ‘Three ofthe six outcomesare even numbers So, there are three favorable Sample space: 1,2, 3,5,9,5 Le (etna ust oor So, Pleven number) = 3 or 4. The event orraling anf et olin 1 ae calle SIEMENS | a ee = fort +S ‘Thesum of te probable for any wo complementary evens is lvays 1. aI oO ‘One coin is randomly selected from a jar containing 70 nickels, 100 dimes, {80 quarters, and 50 one-dollar coins. Find each probability. 1. Piquacter) 2. Plaime) 8. Plquarter or nickel) 4. Pivalue greater than $0.10) 5, Pivalue less than $1) 6. Pivalue at most $1) ‘One ofthe polygons below is chosen at random. Find each probability 1, Pleiangle) 8, Plpentagon) 8, Pinot quadsilateral) 10, Pirore than 2 right angles) Use a tree diagram to find the sample space for each event, State the number of possible outcomes. 11, The spinner atthe rights spun and two coins ere tossed, 12, Ata restaurant, you choose two sides to have with breakfast. ‘You can choose white or whole wheat toast. You can choose sausage links, sausage patties, or bacon. SS 18, How many aiferet character odes ae tee sing A,B Or forte iret caraies So forthe second cheat, fndGor orth thin character? {Abag is fl f different colored marble. The probability of randomly selecting» red male fom the bagi 1. The probability of secing a blue marble ie. Find Sich prabebliy 14, P(rot red) 18, Pot blue) Find the odds of exch outcome if computer randomly picks a letter in the name ‘THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. WtheleterA TT. theleterT 18. avowel 18, a consonant ‘Margaret wants to order sub at the local deli = 20, Find the number of possible orders of sub wih a, S08, eSB, ‘one topping and one dressing option cy, popean 21, Find the number of possible ham subs with ‘mayonnaise, any combination of toppings or n> toppings at al 22 Find the number of possible orders ofa sub with any combination of dressing and /or toppings. P36 | Lesson 0-11 | Simple Probability and Odds (© Fed manors econ ten, ain and poston BB] ewvecabuiary pel os Measures of Center, Variation, and Position ‘A Saal isa characteristic ofa group of people or abject that can assume dlfferent values called data, Data that have units and can be measured are called ‘BEATER or qUARTAIVe!dala. Data that can be organized ino diferent categories ae called gategaHial or qualitativedata.Sorne examples cf bath ‘types of data ar listed below. Fane 155,205, 485,198 Ages: 109.159 1418 Date: 30 8m Fae cx: he, pe, gn Maro a, bees, own Phone Mar 55-1204 6950678 “Measurement data in one variable, called WASHSRBEA, are often summarized using a single number to represent what fs average or typical. Measunes of whet is ‘average are also called mleaSURes/Fcehtr or Genial eNdEHEY. The most common measures of center are mean, median, and mode E.KeyConcent Measures of Caner he sum of evs i aaa ste byte tal monde ovale nb et *+ The mins he mie ate rhe mean of hw two me value ia eto ta when the data me ararged in uercal ore *+ To mi he ae o: values tat appear mos often na sett data. Ast a can have no mae, one made, or moe tah one ace, BASEBALL The table shows the number of hits Marcus ‘made for his team. Find the mean, median, and mode. Mean: To ind the mean, find the sum ofall the hits suse | 3 and divide by the numberof games in which nets | 6 hhe made these hits aa mean = 22825424347 _ 2 or shout hits kings | 2 $ é Median: To find the median, order the numibers from least | SHH} 3 to greatest and find the middle value or values, peat; 2.3,3,5.6,7 285 cane Soethrieomoen mmber oes, — AFF or thts ct te mson of ead a, Mode: From the arrangement of the data values, we an see that he value that ‘occurs most often in te sti 3, so the mode ofthe dataset is 3 hits. Marcus's mean and median numberof his for these games was , and his mode was Shits, JS vo ‘Two very diferent data sets can have the same mean, s0 statisticians also use ‘mlessuresofspread or Vaishon to describe how widely the data values vary- One ‘such measures the fafige, which isthe diference between the greatest and least ‘values in aset of dats. WALKING The times in minutes it took Olivia to wale to school each day this ‘week are 18,15, 15,12, and 14. Find the range. range = greatest value —least value snonoraane =18-120r6 ‘heres aes 18 and ease 12. “The range ofthe times is 6 minutes. ‘Statistician often talk about the position ofa value relative to other values ina set ‘Quaies ere common meSsURES WE(PositiOn that divide a dataset arranged in ascending order into four groups, each containing about one fourth or 25% of the data. The median marks the second quartile Qa and separates the data into upper and lower halves. The first or lawriguaatile Q; i the median ofthe ower hal 7 tance ceo MRSA sb ein of ape ae so 6 eo "Yon he rombe of aes ¢ + + + + moms 5 mio limo ne ura | Seekers a oh EI ag SOT aoe I v —— The three quartiles, along with the minimum and maximum values, are called 2 fivestnumber summary of 2 data set. FUIDAAISER The number of boxes of domuts Aang sold fora fundraiser each day forthe lst 11 days were 2,16, 35,26, 14,17, 28,29, 21, 17, and 20. Find the ‘minimum, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, and maximum ofthe data se. ‘Then interpret this five-number summary. ‘Order the data from least to greatest. Use the listo determine the quails. 14, 16, 17, 17, 20, 21, 22, 26, 28, 29, 35 t of t tot Win. 9, a Oy Max, ‘The miimum is 1, the lower quartile 17, the median is 2, the upper quartile is 28, and the maximum 35. Over the last Il days, Aang sold a minimum of 14 boxes, dnd a maximum of 35 boxes. He sold fewer than 17 boxes 25% ofthe time, fewer than 21 boxes 50% of the time, and fewer than 28 boxes 75% of the time. ‘The difference between the upper and lower quartiles is called the interquartile) ‘ange. The interquartile range, or IQR, contains about 50% ofthe values. 14, 16, 17, 17, 20, 21, 22, 26, 28, 28, 35 cy % [18 = 0) —Ogor tt» | EB pss | reson 2 | Measure of Center Vrain, and Postion StudyTip Inerqur ange Won era ange ‘ema ne data ‘he setarece eer ‘pe nreateage ets ate as Speatoat Before deciding on outliers. An Built with the rest ofthe which measure of center best describes a data set, check for isan extremely high or extreely low value when compared. values inthe set, T check for outliers Jook for data values that fare beyond the upper or lower quariles by more han 15 times the interquartile range. TEST SCORES Students taking a make-up tet received the following scores: 8, 79,4, 90, 45,7 82, and 88, {Identify any outliers in the data. First determine the median and upper and lower quartiles ofthe data. 4s, = 2 ER errs Find the interquatie range. IQR=Q— 0, = 89 750r14 Use the interquartile range to find the values boyond which any mB, t MEM 75 oy outliers would lie Q)=1SGQR) and Q,+15QR) —_auesbond wr ater 75~ 1508) 8941504) 0) =75,05=08 ot st uo ‘sty “There are no scores greater than 110, but thee is one score less han 54. The score oF 45 ca un be considered an outlier fr this dataset. ‘Find the mean and median of the dataset with and without the outlier Describe what happens. uted [BTS Se E ewe amie | BERSEETLEameg [oe [Removal ofthe outlier causes the mean and median to increase, but notice that the mean is affected more by the removal ofthe outlier than the median Find the mean, median, mode, and range for each dataset. 1. number of students helping atthe cookie booth exch hour: 3,5,8,1,4, 11,3, 2. weight in pounds of boxes loaded onto a seml truck: 201, 201,200, 199, 199 8. carspeedsin miles per hour observed by a highway patrol officer: 60,53, 83,52, 53,55, 55,57, 4, number of songs downloaded by students last week in Ms. Turner's class 3,7, 21,23, 63,27, 28, 95,23 6. ratings of an online video:2,5, 85,4, 45,1, 1,4,2,15,25,2,3,35, [=EEEEST vo 6, SCHOOL SUPPLIES The table shows the cost of school supplies. Find the ‘mean, median, mode and range of the costs. 7. BOWLING Sue's average for 9 games of bowling s 108. Whatis the lowest score she can receive forthe tenth game to have an mean of10? a {8 LAUNDRY Two brands of laundry detergents were tested to determine how many times a shirt could be washed before it faded. The results for6 shietsinnumber of washes follow: — Brand A: 16 15,13,14,16,16 aa Brand Be 11,16, 18,12, 15,18 on 2. Find the mean and range for each brand. Which brand performed more consistently? Explain, exe Find the minimem, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, and maximum values foreach dataset. 8, prices in dollars of smartphones: 311, 309, 312, 314,399,312 10, attendance at an event fr the last nine years: 68, 98,73, 65,67, 62, 80, 81, 83 11, books a student checks out ofthe library: 17,9, 10,17, 18,5,2 12. ounces of soda dispensed into 36-ounce cups: 3641, 358, 352, 365, 360,362, 357, 358,359, 364, 86 18, ages of riders on a roller coaster: 45,17, 16, 22,25, 19,20, 21,32, 37,19, 21,24, 20,18, 2,23, 19 14, NUTRITION The table shows the numberof servings of frit and vegetables that Cole eats one week. Find the minimum, median, lower quartile, upper “Guarile, anc maximum number of servings Then interpret his fve-number summary. Find themean and median ofthe dataset and then identify any outliers. If the set is an outlier, find the mean and median without the outlier, and state Which measure is affected more by the removal of this value 16. distance traveled in miles to vst relatives during winter break 210,45, 10,108, 452,225, 3595, 140, 25, 65,250, 16, timespent on socal networking Websites in minutes per day 25, 35,45, 30, 65,50, 25, 100,45, 35,5, 105,110, 190, 40, 30, 80 17 batting averages forthe last 10 seasons: 0.267, 0.306, 0.304, 0.201, 0.284,0.302, 0.311, 0.28, 0.300, 0.292 18, CHALLENGE The cst of 8 different pairs of pants ata department store are $38.99, $3159, $1999, $14.9, $19.9, $23.99, $36.93, and $2699 1. Find the mean, median, mode, and range ofthe pants prices. 1b. Suppose each pair of pants needs tobe hemmed at an additional cost of $8 per pat. Including these alteration costs, what ae the mean, median, mode, and range of the pant prices? €. Suppose the original price ofeach par of pants is discounted by 25% Find the mean, median, ‘mode, and range ofthe discounted pant prices, 4. Make a conjecture as tothe effect on the mean, median, mode, and range ofa dataset if the same value i added to each value in the dataset, Whats the effect on these same measures ieach item in a datasets multiplied by the same value 1? Fah rao eso |sert cor Yton tion Crea Contest stnearis Sint peso wn sot natant (tpt hogan, foxes Representing Data A trequeteyeabte uses tally marks to record and display fequencies of events. A BIE [Hap compares categories of data with bars representing the Frequencies, Make abar graph to aes ooton | imunaaueut [25 » taper sce [mmo | ve i woaa_[ame | a e zg a [BGEEE Draw a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. eae WN bevsccarerienstneveia| fFAS Da ertenpromteureg eve aa eee ‘The emiatvesequeney fr each events the sum ofits fequeney and the frequencies of all preceding events A MSMOBEA typeof bar graph used io alisplay numerical data that have been organized int equal interval Make histograms of the frequency and the cumulative frequency: PVE «0-0 | 5-09 | sost [e509 | 0-04 | 65-59 ra zt7telel7[3 Find the cumulative frequency fo each interval =e] <0 | <5 [<0 2 [te7-0 [oruem[aoew “Male each histogram lke a bar graph but with no space between the bars =m ge at tera ‘Age at eration JS] vs Another way 0 represent datas by using a line graph. A imag usually shows Ihow data change aver a period of te. Ce ‘Sales at the Marshall High School Store are shown inthe table. Make a _praph of the data, eee ED oa = ec = [sm Draw a horizontal axis and a ‘erica ais and label them as Shown. Include tl EEE Plot the points Draw a ine connecting each pai of consecutive pints. School Store Sales Data can also be organized and displayed by using stem-and-lea plot. a $1 By, ‘ARSE, the digits ofthe least place value usually form the eres, and the rest ‘eal-WordLink the cot Chat can rapes (espe sei ‘ofthe digits form the stems. Re [AINALS The speeds (mph) of 20 of the fastestland fanimals ate listed atthe right. Use the data to make 4 stem-and-leaf plot. ‘The eat place value is ones, So, 32 miles per hour would havea stem of 3 and leaf of 2. @[@[*[=]@ alsla jal 3/225556 4]o00023558 s|ooo 6 {a zlo Noy 32232 A RIES is» groph that shows the reationchip between parte of the data and the whole. The circle represents al ofthe data Braz sesone | tees ne sta dgtewndnunn sue WatshOut! ‘rc rap Te aft ree eh ten oe gph ou 0 ‘The table shows how Lily spent § hours of one day at summer camp. Make a circle graph ofthe data, First, find the ratio that compares the number of hours for each ectivity to8. Then multiply each ratio =e} by 360° to find the number of degrees foreach section of the graph [eta 2 (Cio: 2 Canoeing 3-60 = 135° Sommer Came Cras} 360 AS* ow 2 ; a Eating: 2 360° = 90 cos ee a) Hiking: 2 360° = 99° ge a cate tt A boscandawhiskerpltt is a graphical representation of the five-number summary of {cata set. Ine ox ina bor-act-whisker plot represents the interquarile ange es Eanes Draw a bor-and-whisker plot for these data. Describe how the outlier affects the 14,30, 16,20, 18, 16,20, 18,22, 13,8 (Order the data from leas to greatest. Then determine the maximum, ‘minimum and the quartiles, 8, 13,24, 16,16, 18,18, 20,20, 22,30 t t t t Determine the interquartile range. 1QR=9,-9, 20-14 08r6 Check tose if there are any outliers M-15@=5 204156) =29 [Numbers less than 5 or greater than 29 are outliers The only outliers 30, [BEY Draw a number line that includes the minimum and maximum values in the data. Place dots above the number line to represent the thvee quartile points, any outliers, the minimum valve that snot an outlier, and the ro @ ‘StudyTip Pale Borah Pat eb an-ar Pte soneume eae uel ocr wlr pot, [EMI Daw thebox and the whiskers. The vertical rules go through the quartiles ‘Thecuters are not connected to the whiskers SE TTEEEEEEEEeaeee THkwwwanK mane Omit 30 om he data. Repeat Step to determine QQ and Qs S134 te 161s 18 20 98,22 # t + 2 tn Removing th ule doesnot ffect, or Q, and thus does not aft the intrual ange The vt of changes om 18017 San ‘CLIMATE Lucas is going to goto college in either Dallas or Nashville. He wants to live ina place that doesnot ge too cold. So he decides to compare the average monthly Tow temperatures ofeach ety. &. Draw a double bor-and-whisker plot for the data, Determine the quartiles and outlier for each ty. Dattas 236,38, 1, 47,49, 86,58, 65, 69,73, 76,77 t t + Qa =e a= Nashville 28,31, 32,39, 40,47, 49,57, 61, 65, 68,70 t ' ‘There are no outliers. Draw the plots using the same number line von ft om eee’ PPEETETITTELT) 1, Use the double borand-whisker plot to compare the data, ‘The interquartile range of temperatures for both cities is about the same. However all quartiles ofthe Dallas temperatures are shifted tothe right of those of Nashville, meaning Dallas has higher average low temperatures, ©. One night in August, a weather reporter stated the low for Nashville as being “only 65." Ist appropriate for the weather reporter to use the word only in the statement? Is 65 an unusually low temperature for Nashville in August? ‘Explain your answer [No, 65 isnot an unusually low temperature for August in Nashville. Itis lower than the average, but not by much Gres enone rarer ‘When displaying data, some graphs are better choces than others. [Which type of graph i the best way to display each set of data? Explain. 4 the results of the women’s Olympie High Jump event from 1972 to 2008 Since the data would show change overtime, line graph would give the reader a clear picture of changes in height. 1 the percent of students in class who have 0, 1,2,3, or more than 3 pets Since the data would show how parts ate related tothe whole, a circle graph ‘would give the reader a clear picture of how deren segments of the class relate to the whole class 4. SURVEIS. Alana surveyed several students tofind the numberof hours of sleep they typically get each night. The results are showin ithe table Mae » bar groph of thedata, 2, PLAVE The frequency table at the right ae shows the ages of people atendinga high ae school play. “Make 2 histogram todisplay the data 3. Make a cumilative requency histogram showing the number of people atending, [7@-79 | MU a who were less than 2,40, 6, oF 0 years old 3, LAWN GARE Marcusstarted 2 awa ‘care service. The chart shows how ‘much money he made over summer break Makes line graph ofthe data, @ Use each set of data to make astem-anc-lea plot and a box-and-w! Describe how the outliers affetthe quartile points. 4, (65, 63,69, 71, 73,58, 60,70, 72, 66,71, 58] 5, (81,30, 28,26, 22,34, 26,31, 47,32, 18,38,26,23, 18} 6, FINANCIAL LITERACY The tableshow’s how Ping, spent his allowance of $40. Make a cirle graph ofthe data 0005 5 Gomioioane = 5 i @ 7, JOGGING The table shoves the number cf miles Hannah jogged each day for 10 days. Make a line graph ofthe data, TT?J>1"]*]*]7]*]*]0 >to tattle tepetstets [SESE] oo 1 BASKETBALL Two basketball teams are analyzing the number of points they scored Ineach game this season, ions: 48,52, 55,49, 53,55, 51, 50, 46,53, 47, 55,50, 51, 60,52, 57,56, 58,55 Eagles: 35,38 37, 40, 44, 42, 53,42, 40,44, 8,46, 43,47, 45,41, 45,43, 47,48, {8 Make a double box-and-iwhisker plot to display the data 1. Hove does the number of points scared by the Lions compare tothe number of ‘points scored by the Eagles? Inthe first game of the postseason, a sports announcer reported the Lions scored a whopping 60 point. Is it appropriate forthe announcer to use the word whopping inthe statement? Is 60 an unusually high numberof points for the Lions to score? Explain your answer, 8 TESTS Mr, O'Neil teaches two algebea classes. The test scores fr the two classes are shove, Tlel|si[aleletula|a leafs) 7 = [nfs wle[uie(s|«|s|o) o o]s[s sletaia{ol(els nie ele[s,s[s[*[s|ei(n|2tw| wo 4. Make a double box-and-whisker plot to display the data 1. Wistea brief description of exch data distribution {6 How do the scores from the third period class compare to the scores from the sixth period class? ‘Which type of graph is the best way to display each set of data? Explain 10, en organization's dalla contributions to 4 diferent ch 1 the prices of college football ticket from 1990 tothe present 12, the percent of glass, plastic, paper, stel,and aluminum in a recyeling center 13, SCS The winning distances for the girls’ discus throw at an annual track meet sre shown below. var oe | so [aor [ zoe [wos | a0oe[ mos [as | ann? | 2s [aioe [210 so [vee | von [vas [oso [an | os | vos [oe [ ao? | na | wo Make a stem-and-lef plot to dieplay the winning distances, Make a histogram to display the winning distances. «What does the stem-and-leaf plot show you thatthe histogram does not? If this trend continues, what would you expect the winning distance tobe in 20302 Is your answer reasonable? Explain. “V4. RINKS Tateis buying drinks fora party. He's comparing 2lter bottles to 12-packs. ‘of ounce cans. The prices of iter bottles ae $0.89, $1.99, $1.87, $1.79, $12, 51.43, {nd $115. The prices of 12-packs are $250, $4.25, 85-34, $2.65, $319, $3.89, and 28. 4 Make a double box-and-whisker plot to display the data 1 Notice that instead of comparing price per item it would be more beneficial to compare price per ounce. Wha isthe price per ounce ofeach item ifa 2-iter is ‘approximately 67 ounces and a 12-pack s 144 ounces? Round to the nearest cent «, Make anew double box-and.-svhisker plot from the data obtained in part ‘Which isthe better deal, the 12-packs of cans or the liter bottles? Explain, EB PA | tenn | erst at Posttest Determine whether you need an estimate or an exact answer. Then use the four-step problem- solving plan to lve. 1, DISTANCE Fabio rode his scooter 23 miles this friend’s house, then 07 mile tothe grocery store, then 2.1 miles tothe library If he rode the same route back home, about how far di he travel inal? 2. SHOPPING The regular price ofa Tshirt is $999. Iki onsale for 15% of Sales taxis 6%. f you sive the eashiera $10 bill how much charge ‘ill you receive? Find each sum or difference. B10) 44855 8-71-10 631-4229 715481 8, 038 - (-108) Find each product or quotient. 8 ~21(-5) 10, -81 + (-3) 11-1208 294-3 Replace each @ with <, >,or= to make a true 14 Bes 18, Onder df 485,28 and 26m esto rete Find each sum or difference. Write in simplest form. hed mt wde(3) woke Find each produc or quotient 2-126) 21, 2099 + (-23) msee12) (30-25) Name the reciprocal of ech number me me a a4 as mash ‘6, PICHI Joseph is mixing 54 gallons of orange Akin for Wc pint very gallon gues 1 packet of range dink mix. How many packets ‘orange drink mix does Joseph need? [Express each percent at 2 fraction in simplest form. 37. 6% 8, gore Use the percent proportion to find each number. 38, 50% of what number is 31? 40, What number is 110% of 51? M1, Find 8% of 9. 42, SOLUTIONS A solution is prepared by dissolving 24 milters of saline in 150 milliliters of pure Solution. What is the percent of saline in the pure solution? 43, sunpeIG Marta got 60% of a pair of shoes. IFthe ‘shoes cost $9.75 (before sles tax), what asthe ‘original price ofthe shoes? Find the perimeter and area ofeach figure. “4 te an \* om 46, A parallelogram has a base of 20 millimeters and ‘aheight of 6 millimeters, Find the area. 47, GARDENS Find the perimeter of the garden. 50m 28m “om aaa w Posttest c. Td Find the circumference and area of each circle. Round to the nearest tenth oO 0, PARKS A park hasacirculararea fora fountain that has a circumference of about 16 fee. What isthe radius of the ezcular crea? Round tothe ‘nearest tenth. Find the volume and surface stea of each rectangular prism given the measurements below. 51. f= 15m. 82. ¢=4in,w= in, h= din mhe2m 53, Find the volume and surface area ofthe rectangular prism. on (One marble is randomly selected from ajar containing red, 4 green, 2 black, and 6 Blue ‘marbles. Find exch probability 54. Pired or blue) 56, P(not black) 55. Pgreen or red) 57. Foot blue) 58, A movie theaters offering snack specials. You can choose a small, medium, large, or jumbo popcom with or without butter, and soda or bottled water. Usea tree diagram to find the sample space fr the event, State the number ‘of possible outcomes, ‘One coin is randomly selected from a jar containing 20 pennies, 15 nickels, 3 dimes, land 12 quarters. Find the oddsof each outcome ‘Waite in simplest form. 58, adime 60, a value less than $0.25, 6 a value grater than $0.10 (2. a valueless than $0.05, PAB | chaptero | Postest SOHOOL Ina science class each student must choose a lab projec froma ist of 15, write a paper on one of 6 topics, and give a presentation About one of 8 subjects. How many ways can students choose toda their assignments? 64, GAMES. Marcos has buen dealt seven different cards. How many different ways can he play his cards fhe is required to play one card at atime? Find the mean, median, and mode for each set of data, 65, (99,88, 88,92, 100) 6, [30, 22,38, 41,33, 41, 30,28) o. Find the range, median lower quartile and upper quartile for (77, 75,72, 70, 79,77, 70, 76), TESTS Kevin's cores on the first four science tests are 85 82,82, and 94 What score must he ‘eam on the fifth test so thatthe mean will be 90? FOOD The table shows the results ofa survey in Which students were asked to choose their favorite food. Make a bar graph ofthe data pa chicas | —_10 ches oes e ‘cea 5 70. Make a double bor-and-whisker plot of the data, ‘A: 26,18, 26,29, 18, 20,35, 32, 31,24, 26,22 B16, 20,16, 18,21, 3,25, 22.21, 19,16, 17, |. BUDGET The table shows how Kat spends het allowance. Which graph isthe best way to

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