EENIAL

ORDS
FOR THE

7TH EDITION Steven J. Matthesen

• A fuy updated st of 500 words that frequently appear on the
TOEF
• Defnitons, sampe sentences, and practce exercses to buld
your word power
• An over vew of each secton of the TOEFL iBT and ITP
• A practce readng test wth answers to help you assess your
test-takng readness

®OFL s a regisered tademar1 of ducaioal Tesg Servce (S) his ublicaion is no edorsed or aproved by ES.
 BARON'S
ENTIAL
WODS
FOR THE

Test of English as a Foreign Language

7TH EDITION

Steven J. Matthiesen

®OEFL s a egiseed tademak f Educatinal esting Serice (ES). This publication is nt endsed  appved by ES.
 CONTENTS

NTRODUCTON: Success on the TOEFL v

Mxmz Yo Vocla Poel­
A Descpo o Ts Pom v

CTER I: Getting to Know the TOEFL 

Wh Is he O? 1
Ao he  (Ieesed O) 1
Abo he IP (Isol O Pom) 1
he B 2
Seco 1 Redn 2
Seco 2 se 3
Seco 3 Spek 5
Seco 4 Wti 5
Te IP (he Ppe-sed O) 6
Seco 1 se 7
Seco 2: Sce nd We pesso 9
Seco 3 Red Compeheso 10
Some Helpfl Hns  oh Foms o he OE 13

CHER 2: Understanding the TOEFL Reading Section 15

Smple Qesos 15
Seg  he  nd IP O 26

CHER 3: mproving Your TOEFL Vocabuary 29

Te Impoce o Red . A o 29
Mke Wod Lss 29
e Wods om Old Os 29
e he Wods n hs ook 30
e o Use  Tesus 30

CHER 4: Buiding Your TOEFL Vocabulary 31

Develop Wod Ack Sklls 31
Impon Voclr ld ools 37
CHER 5: The Essential TOEFL Vocabulary 43
Stdyng the Wod Entres 44
Answeng Phasal Qestons 46
essons 130 51
Answes to Execses: Lssons 1-30 314

CHER 6: The iBT Practice Test 39

Geneal Dectons 319
BT Readng Secton 320
Answes to BT Pactce Test 338
Scong You BT Pactce Test 338
BT and ITP Readig Secton Scoe Conveson Tables 340

INEX 341
 NTRODUCTION

SUCCESS ON THE TOEFL

What vocabuary is necessary to score high on the TOEFL?
Wy   y     g
br    OEFL?
Wy  I  y br  w  I ?
Hw  I b  b OEFL  k?

Essential Wods for the TEL w    v
y w     g y Eg by w
 g y   OEFL  w   
  g  bk w  y  a y 
g  w  w ky   r    OEFL
In  b w  z y    OEFL
 g  d  b bg    By ­
wg  g  g  w   bk y wil b
y    g    OEFL
 7   Essential Words for the TEFL  n t,
vi   500 w w     ng
 T  k Essental Wods     ­
gy  bk   k I      y
  OEFL     w  
  OEFL          wu
bk  w  w  y     OEFL

MING OU VOCULY POTENTIA

 DESCIPTION OF THIS POGR
 bk   n     g y b
 b    w   h bk L' k 
  

Getting to Kow the iBT

C 1 b   B  o   
ess fm ec p.  q  x    ­
kg g  

v
Understanding the Internet-Based TOEFL
Cp 2 dscbs  mpc  bud  s cbux 
d  sc     Yu  d smp d psss
pc  s oud  Sc O    w  dd lss
  kds  ds d quss   ud  h OEFL  s
cp u l  mp ss d s    l
cs  pbbt  m u sc   OEFL

Improving Your TOEFL Vocabulary

Cp 3 s u  p  sudy cbua Yu sud us 
p  sud  ds  s bk

Building Your TOEFL Vocabulary

Cp 4 pds pf nm  ps u buld u OEFL
cbur Yu  b ducd  s pes, d sus"; ps
 ds  pvd  dd m Yu  s b ducd  dc
 d suus us b p d  sucs  cb
u   sg  buld u OEFL cbur

The Essential TOEFL Vocabulary

's OEFL Vcbu ud m s pd  Cp
5  cu scd ds  pp   s  mp 
 OEFL s ks A p   pm s  cud
   sud  s   udsd  ds d  
o  pm m b  d Tt cu dpd
cbu sss   p Ec ss ds  pc
c quss k s  pp  b  B d  P 
pp-bsd OEFL

The iBT Practice Reading Test

Cp 6 cs  cmp pcc  d s tpc  s
ud  Sc 3   OEFL T s s u pcc  d­
 cmps d cbur quss  cs   
m. A  ccus   pcc s u  b b  ssss
u  kd d skls b us  cudd s k d
cs bs  c u umb  cc ss   sc
  OEFL sc    d I scs  cudd. Cp 6
s d b  d   500 ss ds psd  s bk
d b  p umb   d c b ud i  

vi
A Fna Word
his 7h ediion of ssential Wos fo the O is  poduc of
oe hn 25 yes of esech nd coninuous upding Aong he
thousnds of ods h pofessionl OEFL es mkes cn use
this ediion of ssential Words fo the TEFL includes hose h e
os likely o ppe on he Inere-bsed OEFL (iBT nd on he
Insiuionl OEFL (IP). By seing he ods ad pplying he
segies pesened in his book, you will be ell on you y o success
on he OEFL.

Seven Mhiesen

vi
 CHAPTER

GETING O KNOW
HE OEFL
W IS THE TOEFL?
 OEFL s  ps Es nu   ps
s d uss   d Ss Cd d  ps
  d  dss dss  s s usd b s 
zs  f psss  pc  s b n 
Ud Ss d bd

BOUT THE iBT (INTERNET-BSED TOEFL)

M s   OEFL s dsd    ppbsd
 Exis d h ss w  p  n ns
s  s p ssssd s ps 
bu d d ss T b    90s, 
Edu s S ( k   EFL) b i 
pubsd OEFL  s  B  d  ds
 g t B s xpadd    ss sd b dd
sp d  ss   s s  s n d
 d bur ss  m   us au  d

BOUT THE ITP (INSTITUTIONL TOEFL POGA

S du sus us  ppbsd OEFL  s
 IP OEFL  Edu s S s s o 
 OEFL b  sus   us  s  
 ssss dvdus' Es au ss o p pupss
Isus ls us sus  ssss  ss   Es
u nsu ps s OEFLs  typl pus
dsd pp-bsd OEFLs G s d us­
ts d  ep IP OEFL ss  p   B s  
ss   OEFL  qu d. A dsp  b s
s
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

THEiBT
T  s  md s h nsss  h ou sns lsd bl

Section 1 Reading 60-80 minutes

34 Pssgs 121 qusns p pssg

Section 2 Listening 60-90 minutes

23 Cnsns 5 qusns p nsn
6 Lus 6 qusns p lu

Section 3 Speaking 20 minutes

2Indpndnss
Ingdss

Section 4 Writing 50 minutes

1Ingds
1Indpndns

SECTION 1: REAING
h  dng sn s psnd n  fms h sh om
 gs u h pssgs  ppml 700 ds h lng f­
m nns ou pssgs A h pssg u ll ns 121
s qusns I u  ng h lng om  nly h ss 
h s qusns wll b ansd h spnss  h qusns o
h h  pssgs ll b lud b E f us n uu s
Yu ll h 60 mnus  d ll  h pssgs nd spnd  h
qusns (80 mnus f h lng fm) Yu ll b lld  
ns hl u d Yu ll s sm ds  phss hghlghd
Yu m s n xlann  dnn  h d  phs b l­
ng n 
h mjt  qusns n hs sn a n h mulpl-h
fm Ma u ns h f h nd pd  h n qus­
n b lng n Next.  ur  h pius qusn l n
Bck A an m u an l n Rv  s  ls  h qusns
h u h nd h n nsd. Yu m ur  n qusn
hl u ae ng n hs sn bu n u h l h dng
sn u m n ur   A l ll pp n h sn 
hlp u mang u m
In hs sn, u s d h pssg mpll Yu d s
b usng h sll b   h n pssg n h sn h

2
 GEING O KNOW THE OEFL

cpu   g u  quss u u a scd 
 dg sc A  p cc  N
  d sps s   dg sc s
 cckg   d ps  sc Vcbur s 
usuly sd b sg u  cc   d    
s  s g s  bdd d Sms u  b sd
 cc   sc  gup  scs   s   p
cu qus c b ud Ss u  b sd  is 
sc   x O cs s u  b sd  cc 
 d  ps   bdd p   pssg   cs
d s  A u cc   d  ps   d
F n p  s qus (dg  ")  qu
u  cp  sur     c b scg c pvdd
 ps  cud T su quss   up  
ps c d  c quss     u ps
dpdg     s ps  psd

SECTON 2: LSTENING
T sg sc   B ss u b  udsd sp
Egs  s pc ud   cpuss  cgs d us
s T sg ss  hs   tpc  sc d cdc
css ud  s sgs
   s   sg sc I  s sg
sc u    css d u cus  g 
 cns  css d sx cus Ec cs
d cu qus u  spd    s quss s 
c  up cc  spss   quss   x
cs d cus d  cu s quss  b u­
d b ES o us  fu Bs Sc u d   c ps
sgs  cu  s p  u  d u bs     s
quss Yu  25 nus   s  sg sc
d 30   g  sc A cc pps   sc  p
u g u  I ds  cud    u  s
g   cus d css
Yu   c cu d cs d c   quss
   Yu  d   s s u s d us 
 s quss Oc  qus s sd u e  d
 u   s b su  cs u ss cuy
O  B su  c  u ug dps  ud
s s  cs   I OEFL O  B u  b s d
 c qus   IP OEFL u    qus
Fwng  qus,  s ccs pp   sc; 
qus ss   sc u u  d u sps. F

3
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

pcc s c p s pcdd b   [ - ], sd

 h s ), B), C),  D)
O  B,   b d b  ce d  pc   c­
s  xdd css pc n   ps
 gs  , d     pss  sk qus­
s    ps A spks  pcd   sc
Ec sus s  d b    qss  
s sd
 B cus s cd  dc  s   s
spkg d  pc Gg bck   mk  Ccg 
dc g b s s:

Ls    gd s  s  gp  ss bu  c

 Ccg"

I  B cs,  pss us smu  c b

 pss  s usg ss T pss d  ss 
dpcd   sc Usg u us, u s c qus,
  s skd
 B uss  g t  sps ps F xp, 
 b    cc s d u  b skd  clck 
  x   cc ss W  s m  
cc s,   b d  my cc nss u sud
df  s  xp, d  mnk bu Ccg  pg 8
 ns  ng qs:

W c b d bu    Ccg?

(Cck  2 ss)
I s nucd b  gc
Ss  ps 
 d s usu ccpd b cd
I s r dr dug  i ms
I s p d sb

I  b xp,  d cck   s     
scd d d ss
Ss,  sps o s vs I  cs  cck 
 cc s w  s. Ss,  sps  
cg I  cs,  s cssf c  pc  
u  g    ou cgs, ccdg  csscs
 dscs  ad  dg  suus Y d s 
u s

4
 GETING TO KNOW THE TOEFL

SECTION 3: SPEANG
T spkng sc ss u b  us spk Egsh  c
dmc sgs hs sc cs si spkg sks Ech sk
qus u  spd   sg qus  ak cs 
cu T sks  qu u  s   cu  cs
  d  sh pssg Yu  h spd   qus Yu m
k s d us hm  hp u spd  h quss
Yu spkng pcc s lud  h gl uc d
ccuc h hch u us h Egsh ngug
h spkg sc ss 20 mus Yu  gv 45  60 sc­
ds  spd  ch qus Bo spdg  quss, u
w b gv 15  20 scds  hk bu h u w spd  h
qus A cck pps  h sc  hp u mg u m

SECTION 4: WTING
T g sc ss u b  pm h g sks h
 pcl qud  cg cuss
I h B, u  spd   g pmps T e 
tps  g sks  gd ss sk d  dpd
wg sk
h gd ss sk cmbs h gug skls  dg,
sg, d rg
Yu  d  sh pssg, h  sh cu  h pc d
h   ss  sps   spcc s  dcs f h
ss. Yu m k s d us hm  hp u  u ss
Yu  h 20 mnus  p d r u ssy
T dpd g sk sks u  g u p  
m pc Yu wl h 30 mus  p d  u ss
A cck pps  h sc  hp u mg u m s u
cmp u sss

5
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

THE IT (THE PAER-BED TOEFL)

T b           
    w : l    
 l   i     y
 l  v     f
ly    i     
 ll. T l    l   Ll   b
        t  . i 
  ,  1\   
x     .   h
   :

IP F-  Inemee o ace)

econ  senng Compeenson  qesons
 mnes
Pa A   30 
PaB x  8 
Pa C M 3 

econ 2 rcue n Wen 4 qesons

pesson 2 mnes
Pa A  5 
PaB  x 5 

econ  Redng Compeenson  qesons

 mnes

A  mnes

IP FEV 2 (Hg Begnnng o Inemede)

econ  senng Compeenson  qesons
22 mnes

econ 2 Srcue a Wen 2 qesons

pesson 7 mnes

econ  Reng Compeenson 4 qesons

 mnes

OA 7 mnes

6
 GETNG TO KNOW THE TOEFL

SECTION 1: LISTENING
hs sc  h OEFL ss u blt  udsd sp
c Eglsh  u h pd css u ll s
quss

Short Conversations
P  cs sh dlgus b  ppl lld b  qus
 bu h h ppl sd n h cs h  h
d pupss o spg  ch h  spk  g dc
plgi  s  . Gll   s ud 
h scd spk's sc Yu wll d  udsd h 
g  h cs d ls h cx, such s h   plc 
hch  culd ccu. T cc chc s h  h dcl ss
h qus.

ou WLL HEA

(Man) Dd you get to go shoppng last nght?
(Woman) They'd already locked the doors by the
time I got there
(Man) What does the woman mean?
You WLL SEE:
 She arrved n tme to shop
® She was too late
© She locked the doors.
@ She had to buy the door.
T cc chc s () Sc h ds  lcd h sh ed
sh culd  h g shppg N h h h chcs us ds
hd  h cs Chcs h c such ds  usully
 cc P  cs spls  nl c Eglsh d
c xpsss d -d bs  c  hs p

Extended Conversations
I P B u ll h xdd css b   
ppl  sud d h  pss   cmpus src pvd
Usully h a  css, d h lgug s  ol
A ch cs, h  b h d u sp qus­
s bu s c Chs u s f g h u chcs
h pp  u s bkl

7
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

e eeded vess ad lks (see belw) ae geell

peeded b  dc see  ells  e e  e
ves P parl e  s  s  pepes
 o w ollws

Minitaks
Par C s s peses gve b  sgle speke ee e
sally ee e Egls  s sei s geeall e de,
tpal  Egls lees  ake ple   nvest  llege se­
g Tee ae geell hee lees ollwed b   ve spke
qess b s e Y  ake es wle  lse d
ee bk  e we  swe e qess Cse  swe
f ag e  es  pper   es bkle Lk  e
exmple  e nlk belw

Yu  HA:

se  s alk b  s gde

(a) Good moig ladies ad genleme Welcome o his

ou o one o he aios mos impoa ciies Chicago
Beoe we begi I'd like o give you some backgound
iomaio ha will make he ou moe enjoyable o you
The ciy was ouded i 1837 Is saegic locaio on ake
ichigan quickly made i he cene of commece fo
he Midwes secio o he couy I cuenly is he hid
lages meopolia aea i he Unied Saes The citys
sie is geeally level, buil mosly o a glacial plain The
aow Chicago Rive exeds oe mile inland om ake
ichigan whee i splis dividig he city ino Noh Wes
ad Souh sides Chicagos weahe is subjec o apid
changes bu geeally he climae is cold and widy i
he winer and ho ad humid in he summe.
(Woma) Wha gave Chicago a advaage ove ohe idwes­
e ciies?
Yu WL SEE:

 Is level sie

® Is locaion on Lake ichiga
© Is lage populaio
@ Is locaion alog he Chicago Rive

8
 GEING O KNOW HE TOEFL

ccdng  he m (B) d be he cec chce Remembe

h    hve  e c  he ee' ee 
cves d  w  he  ce Y ms ccee 
des sch s mes de d he m de  he eec h
 he D  ed he chce   e  he l Le ce
 d r  emembe h  he

SECTION 2: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

hs sec cs  e  qe bh desgned  e 
b  ecgze cec se d gmm  e Egsh he
seece e cdemc; e h  cy d  cege-eve
es js, d ecceds he seece cs cde he
sc sceces hsc d e sceces d he hmes

Structure
e sce qess es  b  ecgnze cec sce
nd d de ese qess css   seece h e  me
ds mssg Y m me he chce h be cmees he e
ece. Hee s  exme  hs te  qes

You WL SEE:

_ a shor me ater the Cv Wa Aana has become
he princpal center o ransporaon commerce, and fnance
n he southeasern Uned Saes.
® Whe rebu
 I was rebu
© Rebu
@ When rebul

e cec chce s (C)  Te he chces mae he eece c

ec  kd

Written Expression
e e epes qess e  b  ecgze e 
gmm  epess hese qess css  cmee seece
wh  deed d  hse Y ms def he de­
ined   he eece h eeds  be chged n de  me he
seece cec. A eme s

9
SSNA WRS R  

Y W SEE

Th Nvj nn hv l  mk bl 

 ®
no   h ulu n  hngng
©
fxblt lyl
@
e re e s (D) Fxilit,  nn ppers ee n dje
ive ms  In ddn  npppe prs  speech e se 
e f mssng ds  ex ds  re npppe f e
next

SCTION 3: REAING COMREHNSION

Gd edng sks nd n mpe vr re es  dng e n
 sens  e OEFL. In s sen  e OEFL ese sks e
spey esed Mny TOEFL es es mpn  e d n
ve eng me  e nse ll qesns n s sen I s
ve mprn   f e nsrns n s b s  
w se a e ed me   dvnge

Reading Comprehension Items

Y   ed nd ndesnd ege-eve edng me s
esed n s pr  e OEFL Y  nd ve  sx edng ps­
sges, e oed b nne  eeven qesns Y ms  qy
nd een Hee s  smpe pssge

Yu WL SEE:

A ln h n  m uv ua h , 

bn lgh  ng hugh   m n mg n 
ua bn h ln Exml  uh u 
h n  h    mv n Th n m
(5 h ln  h l ln  knwn  l lngh. n
m l n ml v h ln 
un n  w-h munng  ju h l
lngh Th n llw ung  mg  bj
 vu n n h humn  l lngh 
(70) ju b mul h l h ln uvu. Lgh
  rn l  bn b ving g 
h  hugh  uv ua Th u  ­
n  h mg knwn  hm bn In
cmes shp mges e bned b ngng w

10
 GETTING T KNW THE TOEFL

(15) o mo lnss so ha h abaion o on cancls

ou h abraion o anoh Such an aangmn o
lnss is calld an achomaic lns.

Y WLL SEE

Accoding o h passag, wha is ocal lngh?
® A cud suac ha acs ligh
 Th disanc om h ocal plan o h lns
© Adjusmn by h muscls ha als lns cuvau
@ Th dg ha ligh ays o dien colos a bnt by
h lns

s s  u qus   dd  s s

qus s d sd   x C (B s   as
S quss  sk u  d uss bsd   i
 pss s  sk bu e a d   s S
  sk  nm ds  ppa n  pss

Vocabuar Items
 bur quss  s s s yu Es bur
  btw 12 d 1 7 quss us  sp ds 
 d pss. E d s ak   sp    ;
  s d    qus Yu us s h d h
s  s a f a  u s  H's a
p   pus 

You WLL SEE:

Th wod disoion" in lins 12 and 13 is closs in maning o
® classifcaion
 domaion
© acion
@ lcion

T d  s  ss  a   sd d distorion,

s  (B). Addal s  bur quss  b oud 
Cp 2

Cohesion Items
A p  qus  s usd  s dg c0p­
s s d s Cs us  s   pss
 kd   s Cs s  u   
pvus d i, ad  s  d  kp p-

1
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

ly md om  md l cg  d 

g  dd c    d  m dd
 g T OEFL  c   dg cm­
 C m clly  bjc  ( y m) d
dm  (  ) H   ml  
  l c

You WLL SEE:

The word Ths" n ne 12 refers to
 surface
® adjustng
© light
@ bendng
 d  "    bending,  (D).  tcl 
  OEFL ll c b  c m   g  
 g
Dg y c kg  OEFL, y ll  c b
T d g y m cl       
   k     cr  y    gd
ddg  m Amg  c b cmmly   
OEFL :

Process Verb Defnition

clm     
cla  l  m dl
cdc     bl
d  df  mg   cc
dm    xl  c  d
dcb  l  ccc   d  bjc
dc  g m  d
  m   d   m d c
   by cl xl
b    mg  l by cl l
  dd by liig hy mg   
  g m g  q
    g m
  g cl    d
spp  pvde m  cm  d  pn

12
 GETING TO KNOW THE TOEFL

SOME HELPFUL HINS FOR BOH FORMATS OF HE OEFL

Yu  e ms  e ses  u quess u e OEFL 
wwwetsrg I tej.
Im  es ees pe quess d ee
desps  e OEFL  e ud  e l OEFL ese
O  ps  e OEFL e sue  se  quess O e
 u e pezed o  se quess O mupee
es ems  u mus uess se ()  () se e e s
me ke  (A)  (D)  e e e espse
O e  sme quess  e me  e se pu­
  e ques des wi u om peseed s  sees
 e psse  ex A x ude  ques m e u  k 
 ses Yu m s e  mpue d  e muse
F exmpe u m e e  sees  ees  pe   spec
de Yu  k  e seees d d em  e pppe
ss  ppe  e es em see
euse e  eques  ee et  espse oms s
ed e des  e es em ef Ask use Wh d I
eed  d ee?"
Me u me wse  e IP OEFL d  e med Te
mu  me e s sed  e en  e se I
u e k e IP OEFL e sue  e   (dee 
suds u  m mke ee ee e es sess) d e
e  e me u e em N es e ed  e
m o e  Whee u e k e B  e IP OEFL u
sud eme m  e des d e exmpes  e
se eoe u ke e ess
ememe e me s exped   se, u m  eu
  Wk quk d ue I  seems vius  u  u
  e eu me  s  se  e OEFL GUESS ()
 (C)
I e edn se  e  u m skp quess   k
d e nses Hee d  se me d s uess u
e  e  u e mde  mske! Yu  eu 
quess   peus p e u e ked  Continue e
e s ques   p. e u se   u d 
bee se
Pepe use o e es e e peped  e u e
dee u eed  ee e er es esu o u I dd
 s k Barron's TEFL iB (Internet Based est) pdes u
w p s desed  ep u mamze u OEFL se 
CD-ROM  smues e expeee  k e  d dem
sks s udn ps  e k ppsn summ
d syeszg

13
 CHAPTER 2
UNDERSTANDING
THE TOEFL READING
SECTION
Deepg  gd Eg cbur  e  p y  pe
pe o e cbuy yu  ee d e  e OEFL I  
 gd y  pepe  e e geey I dd  deepg 
gd Eg cbua   ei p   e d  cb­
ua yu  ee  e OEFL d  uded    eed
Te edg ec  e B c ppey ee  ve
pge  1214 que o ec pge I e IP ee e
ou  e edg pge d up  50 que I  pn 
yu  eebe  yu gee cbuy  eed   ec
 e OEFL Hee     ec  e OEFL ee yu
kedge  pecc cbur e  eed
Pge f c cbur que e dw e e  
om cdec te tpc   cege  uetee ex
nd ju Te pc  ee pge e e  -ye cege
ude  N Aec ud be ey  ecue Te pc ce
 uc e  e Nu Scece Bue Lbe A d e
Sc Scece Se pge c eeece  N Aec
pce d pee Oe l ee  c ee d y
cude de. I  p o yu  uded  yu edge
 ee N Aec pce d pele  ee eed  e
OEFL Yu d  e  be   e ce  e pge
 be ucceu   ec  e OEFL

SALE QUESTIONS
Te og pge nd e que  o e ued  u
e d dcu e tpe  edg cpees que d
  yu  nd  e OEFL F   -up, yu  ed
 pe pge  e IP d  hug e e que e
yu  ed  mple B pge d  ug e que

15
SSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

Though a somewha conovesa pocess Hawa was

he as eoy o become a sae n 84 he Uned
Saes ecognzed he Kngdom o Hawa as an nde
penden couny n subsequen yeas Amecans and
ohe oegn goups moved o he sands They began o
nfuence oca pocs n 1887 Hawaan Kng Kaaaua
gave he Uned Saes excusve ghs o use Pea Ha
bo as a nava base n exchange o cean adng
pveges A • Ae he Kng ded hs sse Queen
Luoaan oowed hm o he hone n 1894, a bood
ess evouon ed by Amecan busnessmen emoved
he om oice She was epaced by Sanod B Doe
Wh he suppo o he Amecans unnng he oca gov­
enmen Hawa became a US eoy n 900 B • In
959 he US Congess appoved egsaon pemng
Hawa o conve o staehood [C • Shoy aewad
Hawaans voed amos 17 o  n avo o saehood.
[D •
1  Wha does he passage many dscuss?
® Democacy n Hawa
 The hsoy o Hawaan monachs
© The evoluon o Hawa's poca saus
@ Amecan may conro n Hawa
On e IP OEF, ou would daken he ovl conining e lee C)
on you nswe shee

2 The wod conovesa s coses n meanng o

® advesaal
 emakabe
© gayng
@ debaabe
Tis tpe of vocbulr iem is picll used on e IP OEFL e co­
ec esponse is (D).

3 The wod They" n he passage ees o

® he Uned Saes
 Amecans and ohe oegn goups
© n subsequen yeas
@ he sands

16
 UNDRSTANDING THE TOEFL READING SECTION

hs s  ecede ques he em ess hehe yu udesnd

h hey ees  Te cec se s B

4 Loo at the phrase in exchange for in the passage

In saying that the United States got exclusive access
to Pearl Harbor in exchange for certain trading privi­
leges," the author eans the United States:
® traded access to its arkets for a naval base in
Hawaii
 offered to rent the land it needed for a base in
Hawaii
© absorbed Hawaii by granting it ebership in the
union
@ was excluded by the Hawaiian king fro Hawaiian
marets
hs s  hle phse em I ess hehe yu cn sepely ude
sd he ds   gup d he ssemble hem  ve  
udesdg  he meg s  gup Oe clue  he meg 
hs phse s he d exchange. Sce yu e ledy mla h
exchgg mey  exchgg ddesses yu c pbbly guess
h hs hs smehg  d h  ty se- hs cse he
gh  use sme ld  H f ccess  US mkes Oce yu
hve peced gehe he lge cex, it s ese  see h he c­
ec espse s (A), traded access to its markes for a naval base in
wii

5 According to the passage, which of the following is

true about King Kalaaua?
® He was replaced by Stanford B Dole
 He ade a trade agreeent with the United
States
© He welcoed foreign groups into the island.
@ He supported bloodless revolution
hs s  exmple   c ques he espse  he ques s
decly sed  he pssge Yu uld dke ccle (B). sce he s
he lede  H h gve he Ued Ses exclusve mlr ghs
 exchge o  de geeme

17
SSNTIAL WORDS OR THE TOFL

6 Why does he auhor menion Americans and foreign

groups in he passage?
® They exered a powerful influence in local poliics
 They promoed rade beteen Hawaii and oher
counries
© They approved legislaion giving Hawaii is sae­
hood
@ They suppored Queen Liliuokalani's plan o remain
an independen naion
s e eqes y  def e 's ppse o e
 specc c  he psse. Y d de cce (A sce he
oeg gps h aved  H dd deed exe e picl
pe  ca Haa pcs

7 Find he phrase in favor of in he passage In saying

ha Hawaiians voed 17 o 1 in favor of saehood,"
he auhor means ha hey:
® suppored independence
® voed agains saehood
© waned o join he union
@ became a favorie resor.
Hee yu ud drke circe (C) wanted to join the union. I he ps­
sge e d fvor s  d ce  he e  he e pse
s s e dj pse voted lmost 7 to 1. s pse sy
sess   ve s bee ae ad  e Hs spped
sed by e an ve. Teeoe, in fvor of s dce 
psve ve  om spp o  pc ppsi  cdde.
Exe e s be I s tpe  s y s se he
seeces  e pppe pce  e psses. Y cces e
ed w  bx •J.

8 Look a he four squares •J ha show where he

following senence could be insered ino he passage

In so dong, t became the fieth state.

Where could he senence bes be added? [A] [BJ [CJ,

or [DJ

e cec pcee o s seece s [D •J.

18
 UDERSTADNG THE TOEFL READG SECTIO

9 A duc o a sh suay  he passage

appeas el Cplee he sumay y chsg
hee  he sx chces ha es suaze he r
a  he passage Se seeces d  elg
 he sumay ecause hey ae  cluded  he
passage  ae  ps  he passage

The sy  Haas pah  saehd s a subec 

cvesy

•
•
•

 Haa's clae played a aj le  s accep

ace  saehd Is agculual pducs ee
sugh y ay as aud he ld
 Ae he deah  Hawaa Kg Kalakaua ad
he usg  Quee Llukala eg eess
ecae esely vlved  he plcal aes
 he slad
© Lagely due  Aeca fuece  lcal plcs
he Uied Saes ecgzed Haa as a de
pede a jus ee achevg saehd
@ A Aeca usessa sezed he ppuy
ha eak leadeshp peseed ad led a peace­
ul vee  eve Quee Llukala 
he ps  pe
 Due  he plcal pe ha he Aecas
had  lcal gvee, a vey clse elashp
ed h he Ued Saes ha peted he
sugges  saehd  he slad na
® Because  he ageees ha ee ade
eee Haa ad he Ued Saes Peal
Ha as ale  play a pa le 
Wld Wa II.

19
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

 bs scs o b ddd o  smm a (B) (D), d ()
Yo wod dk hos  ccs

iBT Reading Comprehension Sample

Sg cso  ccos  comp soc s
Isd mos owo soc s  csd b  po
o codios d s Fo mp my scos b 
 G Dpsso   Ud Ss c b ibd o s
5  o d wodwd codios
Fs hog  m o  b  dc cs o h G
Dpsso  Msssspp Vl n mc pcd  s
dog aod  m o  G Dpsso   cd
cdd 100000000 cs  ps o s Okom Nw
IO Mxco Coodo d Kss og w h dog ms d
o od cops o sd co cops o p oso s w
 powd  opso   gsss  wod om
p mos nd kp  so  pc w dspcd s  s
 go pcd s ds soms d gc dmg
15 [ •1 I c  m Ds Bow s o sd o  o s pod
o s ds soms w  so dd d bw w  dk
cods [B •   d sss m ms cod o p
 s d dbs  d  coc b o s h ms
d  o o ss o d wok    m mgg
20 fom m o m o pck   ow wgs [C •1  pg ws
cpd b  Amc wi Jo Sbck  books sc s
Te Graes of Wrth d Of Mice nd Men. [D •1
Scod  sock mk cs o 1929 sd  sockod
s osg mo  $40 bo O Bck sd" Ocob 29
(25J 1929 s pcs o  Nw Yok Sock Ecg pmmd s
sock pcs  mo d mo vsos dcdd o  h sock
mk sg in bo 16 mo ss dd o Bck s
d tog som pom sos sc s mmbs o 
Rock m bog g qns o sock o dmos
(30J  codc  th mk  os cod o p 
cs W  s u   sock mk bgn o co in 
ds d wks   cs  dd o co og o p­
 Amc om g  G Dpsso  G Cs
spkd  w coomc smp  cd sr nds-
(35J zd cois
d, o 9000 bks d dg  1930s Uk od
bk dposs w o sd mng  m pop os 
svgs. Bks so bcm mo s o o mo Fo,

20
 UNDERSANDING HE TOEFL READING SECION

Aens spped puhsn es and, s  esul, pdun

40J ell In u, beuse pdun ws edued, empes educed
he wkes Uneplyen se  ve 25 peen n 1933 As
peple ls he jbs, hey bee unble  py  es hey
buh n nsallen plns, nd s he ds wee epssessed,
whh esuled n n nese n busnesses nvenes
451 Fth nd inly, he US veen pssed he S-Hwley
 A,  he a A  1930 he  ws spnsed by US
Sen Reed S,  Republan  Uh nd hn  he
Sene Fnne Cee, nd Repesenve lls C Hwley,
 Republan  Oen nd han  he Huse ys nd
50J Mens Cee he , whh sed US s n ve 20,000
ped ds, hd s s n pupse he pen  Aen
jbs  lbal pen he  ws n whu s ppnens,
hweve F eple, n My 1930, 1,028 enss sned 
pen skn Pesden Hve  ve he lesln Her Fd
(55J and JP Mn he eeuve Ts Ln ls e wh he
pesden  eques h he ve he  Pesden Hve ppsed
he bll bu neveheless sned  n lw Fen veens
ls ppsed he  Whle he bll ws vn huh Cness,
en veens hd heened eln by sn he 
60J es n Aen ds ped n he unes Afe he bll
ws sged n lw, en· veens lved up  he hes
F eaple, Cnd, he US.'s laes dn pne, eed
by psn new s n pdus h uned o ppx­
ely 30 peen  US eps  Cnd

1 Wh des he psse nly dsuss?

 Ples nvlvn US de
® Cuses  he Ge Depessn
© Resns o sk ke shes
@ Bks wen by Aean uhs

Yu wuld lk he vl ne  he send pn

21
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

2 he od plethora  e 2 s coses  meg o

 e
® shoge
© compext
@ oedce

Te coec espose s (D)

3 Accodg o he pssge  o he fowig e meoed s

cses o he Ge epesso EXEP
 nk aue
® hghe s
© sme ps
@ sock mke csh

he coec espose s (C)

4 Fd he od   e 32 Usg yo mose cck o he od o
phse  he pssge h  ees o

Ts s  ecede qeso he em ess hehe yo de­

sd h he poo  ees o Usg yo mose yo od hgh­
gh he phse y cckg o the stock market  he pssge

5 Accodg o he pssge, hch o he fowg s e bo

esde Hooe?
 He esed o mee wh Her Fod
® He foed he dvce o homs Lmo
© He sppoed he Smoo-Hey  Ac
@ He sged he Smoo-Hey  Ac o 

Ts s  empe o  c qeso he espose o he qeso s

decly sed  he pssge. Yo od cck o espose (D)

22
 UNDERSANDNG HE OEFL READING SECTION

6 Why dos he uho menon conomss n h s pgph o

th pssg?
 Becuse hey cused he conomc css
® Becuse they opposd h Smoo-Hwey ar c
© Becus they cd n wys h wosnd h conomy
@ Becuse hey exeed undue nluence on Pesden Hoove

Te coec esponse s (B)

7. T wod sparked in ne 34 s coss n mnng o

 sted
® hsnd
© hmpeed
@ ncpd

T coc sponse s (A

8 h wod sponsored n n 46 s coses n mnng o

® bcked
® pd f
© tcked
@ subsdzed

Te coec esponse s (A).

9. Te wod veto n ne 54 s coses n menng o

 b
® ejc
© evse
@ consde

he coec esponse s (B).

23
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE OEFL

0 Fd h wd they  ln 2 Ug yu u clc  h wd
 ph  h pg h they  

h  n acd qu T   whh yu und­

d wh h pu they   Uig yu u yu wuld
hghlgh h wd by clckg  rmers  h pg

 L  h ou qu [• h hw wh h fllwg c
wuld b d  h pg:

h du clud  vld hudd  l

Wh culd h nc b b ddd [], [] [C].  [DI

Clc   [•1   h c  h pg

Yu wuld clc  h qu  yu chc  h pg  plc
h c  h pg h cc plc o h c 
[B •

2 Wh whch  h fllwg  wuld h uh  h
dg  pbbly g?
 h G Dp hd y cu
® Sc  ch huld b pvd
© Ec d  lwy w wh  b
@ Hgh t huld b ud  pc 

h cc p  (A)

24
 UNDERSTANDNG THE TOEFL READNG SECTION

13 A oduco f  sho summr o he pssge ppes belo

omplee he summ b choosg hee o he si choces h
bes summae he fmo  he pssge Some seeces
do o belog  te summ becuse he e o cluded  he
pssge o e mo pos om he pssge

Te Ge Depesso  he Ued Ses s o cused b oe

eve o codo; sed  s cused b sevel 

•
•
•
 he dough h esuled  he Dus Bol me h my
mes could o loge p he debs s  esul he hd o
leve he ms
 Te mes hd o oed he cops o used specl cops o
peve eoso
© O Blck uesd sockholdes sold he shes o socks
d los moe h $40 bllo spkng  logem ecoomc
dowu
@ he Rockeelle ml bough lge ques o sock.
 he SmooHle  c led o de elo hug
US expos
® Te Smoo-Hle  c s sposoed b o Republcs
ho ee ledes  he See d he House o Repese­
ves

he bes seeces o be dded o he pssge e ) C, d (E
Usg ou mouse ou ould clck o ech o he hee se choces
d he dg d plce ech ex o oe o he hee dos bove he
opo

25
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

SRTEGY FOR HE iB AD IP OEFL

Ec OEFL vcb em ees    d  pse sc s 
w-d veb i  specc e  e psse Y e e sked 
def  sm   d ese cces e mked b e e
es: . B C d D You must identif the word among the choices
that i closest n meanng to the word n quotation marks. Wds  e
ver cse  dec  me e ced snonys N  bck
d eme qes 2  pe 16 
Ts qesi s tpcl  vcb ems  e P OEFL e
pc s m US sr nd e qes cs  se d 
q mks e cec se s (D), debatable. Debatable s 
sym  controversial. s  s empe e d  seec s
e e  bes mces e me  e d  q maks
Ne   o  e cces mke sese  e seece d 
e me se  e inm ve  e psse Mn vcb
r qess e we s  e ce  e seece  e ps­
se sedm eps   deeme e men  e d eeoe
 ms k e d  de  mke e cec cce
Becse e ce m  ep   sd smp k  e
deed d d cse s sm m m e  cces
e ceck  see  e sm mkes sese  e seece  hc
 ppes I s bes    se s seg becse   peve
us d sve me Y w eed s me  e edi cm
pees qess Remembe  e OEFL B d C ses
ed  be sed s me n  d D S cse B  C e
ess s emembe  se cces  c e sme
pex  sx  e pced ke e deed d e sedm
e cec ses
Ne  cce (A) adversarial, sds d s ees sm 
controversial Sc ds e  s e cec cce Sc
wds e e sed  dsc  Uess  e se  e se,
d  cse ese ds

26
 UNDERSANDNG THE OEFL READNG SECTON

Le's s h  us ur srg h  sm m L  qus
2   16   h rd  qu mrs D  rrd
h  rrrd  r h rrh h cs  sd rd h
ur chcs d m ur sc  h bs sm

Tis is an example of ow you should read vocabulary

items
+++++++ controversial" +++++++++++++++
+++++++++
 adversarial
® remarkable
© gratifying
@ debatable
Yu shud     h rd  qu mrs d h
chcs h o f u k h m  h rd d rcz
h sm hr s  d  rd h c  hch  s usd 
u d   h m  h rd u mus m  ducd
uss bu s sym T c   usu h u  dr­
m h crrc chc A  h chcs m h m bv 
 h r ct·

Troug a somewat adversaral process Hawaii was

te last territory to become a state
Troug a somewat remarkable process Hawaii was
te last territory to become a state.
Troug a somewat gratifing process Hawaii was te
last territory to become a state.
Troug a somewat debaable process, Hawaii was
te last territory to become a state.
Ts scs sh h h c ds  h u  drm
h m  h rd b sd f u sm c dcd 
h sr u c rr  h sc  hch  s usd I h cs
 h hrsl ms bv hr m b sm cus  h ct
h c h u s u h m  h hrs s shw bv
It m s h u  rmmbr  rvus rc u hv hd
h h rd Hvr u a f br  nr h c i
u  h sr d u shud  s    m li
cul rm. If u c m ss    h cus
vb  h c r rc h hrs m hr cx, sm­
p m  uss d mv 

27
ESSENTIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

ssent Wods for th TEFL s     

  x  br s   O   
xss   f   ss I s xss   
  f b o ssb ss Y s s   
    sy  f  xs ss 
x vs 

Contoveial
® advesaial
 emarkable
© gatifing
@ debatable
REMEMBE
• D  s    x  h   s
s       q s  s
o  sy m  se s
• Az s q S    s
 s xs  sxs  s   ss
lb 
• W q b  Y s   s  30
ss   ba qs
• Ws   s ss  s  s
   s
• As s r qs I  s ss s (B)
 (C) s  s Y s  S 3 s bs s
  b   ss

ng nd ccng u  D   fm  

OEFL   ,  w  b 31  55 s  
IT  60 s   s B   s s I 
   B    100 s   s st
S s s          
  qss s  s  q I  f 
ss  s b    q    
 s   OF
M   s! I  s  s  Rie  
 b  s s    ss Ck  sss
    i    s As bs b
a s   q        s­
s,   b      s
s A     sss   ba s 
 s   b w  s ss   ss
   ps s s.

28
 CHAPTER

IMPROVING YOUR
TOEFL VOCABULARY
H IMPOTNC OF RDING . . .  LO!
  h  w  d  c   d hc gh
gg  Yu hd d  h  cg d wud
d x  ch   w cg x
ccd rc ga d cdc  A  h
h  cdc h w h   g d  h kd  wd
d h t  wg  w d  h . Rdg c  
t  c     w h   d  c
 P   w gp  wd x d h
 c   dig  dg  c-ch
   gh-  h ig

M WOD LI

Ah gd w   w wd    wd . M 
d     wd cig g  h  d
 h    h o h  Wh  dc 
w wd  g  wd dd      wd   d 
 d  h g  h w wd  h gh  h  w
  h w wd Sd h wd  cg h n
, g  h w wd d cg h . I  
f   h c  h  cc h h w wd
d h y

LA WODS FOM OLD OEFLs

 wd h h  d   . h dlnd
wd  v     d g  h ­
q  g h  chc d  m  w
wd h  d Y c d wd     wd  
   h  h   c  d i d 
 TOEFL es s be  he dc ig Sc.

29
SSNTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOFL

AN H WODS IN HIS BOOK

Inclue all of the words lte  thi book on yor lt Tese ds hve
bee ceull eseched d seleced d m wll ppe  he
OEF
Yu shuld le pees sues d d s F  ls  hem
see Chpe 4 Suggess o sudg d s suxes d pe
xes c be ud  h chpe

EAN O US  HSUUS

Becme ml wh  hesuus A hesuus s  d ls  s
ms Whe u d  d h u d k lk  up  he
hesuus Ne  snm  he d   d ls I u d  s­
m bu sll d' k he meg  he d lk  up   pi
 le Eglsh lguge dcr i yo can't f the wor i the
thearu, t wll not be tete on the TEFL. Te OEF ess l hse
ds h hve  vet  syms F me m bu he
use   hesurus see Chpe 4

VOCBULY BUIING SRTGIS

• Red fe Chse mel h s we  cllege-level edes.
• Mke d lss  e ds h sms d pcce hem
e
• Lea ds h hve bee esed  pevus OEFs
• Le d s pees, d sues ud i Chpe 4
• Sud he ls  500 essel ds  Chpe 5  hs bk

30
 CHAPTER 4
BUILDING YOUR
TOEFL VOCABULARY

DEVLOPING WORD TACK SKILLS

We edes d  m d   seece e e smemes
be  deeme s meg b edg e e ds  e se
ece Te e ds gve e cext"  s edes  mke 
edced gess b e meg   m d
Wds   cexs   s Oe s pe gmc: e
form  e d s gmmc cec f s ps  e seece
F exmpe  k  e spce beee e d sde"
begs   djecve s  k  b" s   spce
cec e bce" c s   des 
Heve e ed k h  OEF vcbu qess 
 e pssbe ses  e gmmc cex  e seece
eeoe e degee  sccess u w ve  s p  e OEFL
depeds up ee u desd  ds meaning s e s
s om   r depeds p  e u c desd s
ps d  e  c ed s cex f ces  s meg I
s cpe   er   deeme e meg   d b
sdyig s ps
M Egs ds css  me  e pt Les exme hee
mpt pts  sd l  de  mpve  vcb

Word Roots
Mn ds  Egs c  d Geek s ese s c
ve e bsc meg  e d d e cc epeed g
e gge Kg ese s  ep u  deeme e me
g  ds w c  e  m O pge 33 s  s  cm
m s d e gee megs
Leag ese s  ep u  ecgze e bsc meg 
deds  Egs ds. Le's k  e d manfacture Mu­
ce s  cmb    ds, man d fact. Usg he s

31
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

 pge 33 e c see  mn es d d fact es ke
 d eee e c  e eg e b d
Le's l  e exple biorphy. g usg e ls  pge
33 e see  bi es le d grah e Teeoe e c
cclude  e ds eg eles  te wg   le" e
e sr   pess le

Hw  Suy Wrd Rt

ee e sevel s  sud d s Oe eecve  s 
e  s cd  ec e O ec cd e e  d  d
cg e  ls e e eig  e  d  sy
o te exple d  e bc  e cd As u pcce  e
cds s def e eg  te  te e d cig
e  Next gve  s   d s u sud e s, se
sde se u ve leaed d ccee l  se s d
ss  u ve  leaed Sve ll  e cds  eve
Me d lss We u ed Egls el ke lss  ds
t c e s  u ve suded  s seci  e b
Idef e  d l up te d   esuus We e e­
g  e  d  s  e d hs ed ill elp u 
def  ds d ss  e OEF.

32
 BUIDING YOUR TOEF VOCABULRY

Root Mening Exaple

bi  bi
bibi bk bibip
bi i big
s d is
 ic 
die  di
die d di
de r, d di
d , d d
 d k sii
 d k 
e d, k p
 sp i
o s f
  p
 i 
p i p
 s p
 sp sd  di
g sp sd  g
 d 
 d 
   t
i   i
di idd di
iss sd disiss
i sd sbi
i  ip
  i
n  sy
p  p
p i s sph
pi  pi
pd o pd
p r sp
sd ib sd
sib i sibb
sip i  pssip
s  si
s  s
s fw sbsql
tact  
p im pa
 pl d  iv
   
 ,  dv
s  s
  
e i  
k i  k
 u  d
 ,  inv

33
ESSENTIA WODS FOR THE TOEFL

Prefxes
Pxs   scd p p  ds A px s  p 
 d  s cd   bgg   d  A px dds
ng   bs d Tus,  u k  ng   px,
u ll b b ppd  d  g   d K­
g b pxs d d s ill ulck  g  usds
 Egls ds.
T  y pxs  Egls T ls bl cs sm 
 s c pxs ud  h TOEFL

Prefx Meaing Exple

 bo ne
 gns,    cp
u sl uus
b t bsd
ccu ccl, ud crcuv
c , g c
cl , g cllc
c , g cplx
c , g cds
d dw, vs dcl
ds ,  dsgad
 u, f 
x u,  xpl
 ,  pp
  ci
 b, g c
 ,  lv
c sll, n cscpc
s g, bd,  sk
  
  ss
ps  psp
p b pccp
p s p
p ,  v  p
 g cv
sub ud sub
sup ud supps
s css, v s
t  ipl
ul xcssv ulsc
u ,  udbl
u e uqu

34
 BDG   VCBL

' x h d ontt.  c d  h s 
px h on  h Up h x  h d
  h d  tat  ch h kg h xc
g  h d  c gs h h d  d  uch
d h dd ontct cv h g  cc h
h p Rg  h  d d pxs  h chp
 c c h utobirphy s "s  d w  h
r   p  w  h  p
Y c ppch  d  px h h  hd u
 g  a d s Mk  h cd o ch  h px
O ch cd  h px d  d cg h px  h
g  h px d  y  h xmp d  h bck
 h cd A  pcc h h cd s df h g 
h px h h d cg h  Nx gv   o
h d Sv   h cd o v
Mk d  Wh  d Egh  k   ds
h c h px  cgz Id h px d k p
h d   h  h g  h px d  y
o h d h hd  hp   d d h px
d syn  h OEF

Sufxes
T n d p s h ux A x  ddd  h d   d
Sl   px  sx dd g  h  d. Hv
h g   gc g  te   h c 
h d Sx d chg h c g  h d i h
 h pxs d Sx  chd  v  d djc­
v T    qs h  x  h p  h
OEF d   d k   h  u g
d Nvh,  hd c m h  h Egh
xs  h   pg 36 d 37

35
L WD  H L

AJECT SUFFIS
Su M E
le cple o fdle
n endenc o donn
e endenc o nnove
en endenc o peen
ec elng o pec
l ll o l
le cple dcele
cl elng o dencl
le o le
o ll o o
ne  qlt o eng kndne
r occpon n
p condon o e cenp
oe endenc o oeoe
  qlt o eng b

NOUN SUFFIS
Sux M Em
a plce l
on poce poplon
cle ll ncle
do e o eng do
e one o doe ece
er occpon den
ood e o eng nood
 one o doe geolog
le o cele
l lke, l o nly
en e o eng conenen
ne e o eng ppne
o ll o enoo
p e o eng czenp

AVR SUFFIS
Su M E
l e  pedcl
 e a de
ise he  oewe

36
 BUDING YOUR TOEF VOCABULRY

VR SUFFIS

u Me me

   
   
  k 
   
z  k z

IMPORT VOCULAY BUILDING TOOLS

The Dictiona
F   Eg   S Lgg  g Eg 
   It         t  
            
 g  Eg 
          
g g  g  gl 
F    g  g  
     n   g 
 f      v g
x   Eg  g g S  
 gg g
Hhy ecmmeded e ees dces  t  
       Eg   g 
gg D        Eg
     q  
xp  T       
     
Ug        ­
 o  gg      A bg
   x   g   
   x      g
,  
 gl r       ngg
 Eg    O    
 g    gg ql    
q        x   
       k  o  
g    g I     
  k k It   o Eg gg  
w   '         it  
j   ig  Y     a
    g  Eg gg .

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ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

Wt You Can Lrn

A dc ges u he n equed  chse he bes d
o u eeds A tpc dci er cns he cec speig
  d oed b he d we   phec phbe I dd
  e eae dces pde he spke d  see
s  gude  s puc Fg he phec speg  he
d s p  speech s dced e mengs  he d e ge
  ueic de sees oed b  seece h shs he
ppe use  he d Whe  de dces s he en­
gs  ds  he s cm d cue eg  he ldes
eg se s he des  he ees eg  he
es eg heee bee u chse  de u shud
ed  he egs  he e he chse he e h ees u
eeds Se dces pvde ss  ds h he se
gee eg d yms ds h he he ppse eg
Se dces ge he de  hsc deepe  he
d h os  d bck hugh dee guges  s g.
Egsh guge dces c ees sed  phbec
de h s,   A  Z de T gude ds ppe  he p
 ech pge   dci he d  he ef s he s e 
he  pges; he d  he igh dces he s e  he 
pges Yu c use hese gude ds  deee  he d u e
kng up s cned g hse ees  he  pges

 •  •  ('  pl. s o  (

Abbr x 1 h g po qt o dg
b h g qt o dg hd o odd;
h pp  o o c T i o pod dg
whh h hgh po o dg  d  A pp
 pd y w o oh hoiy 3 Asrnom 
T o wh     o ll b T
gd o h   h  o 4 Mahms.
 T g  d y  fo o  ge
r b T g     -u aj.
Abbr  1. Hvng o g h g qt o h
hgh dg h h  o   d u
teaue. 2 O ig o o kg p  am:
 u nube   seies [Li, o  o ­
iu, g)

38
 BUIDING OU TOEFL VOCABUARY

s  s h   s  h  au. B mg h

 r,   m h  s h sbs; h s
b bg s b h mk •, m••mum h  s 
b  h sg  h  s hss (mk'sd-mdm) 
h bm  r g  h , u    u
k h  g u h sh sus  h smbs Fg h
u u      sh b H  h 
 sh bs u  ms s

WOR EL
bb bb h hs b
j j  u
 b  s
 m  u
j ju sg sgu
  sy sm
 s  s
 u  b

Fng h u r  h  mamum,  n 

h u oms ( b h bb pL) pl. -mw,  -ma
 g  h bs hs bbvs mn h h 
s  u  s u  b m  s, b g h s
sb mum h ums (mamums)   (mxm) h u oms
  b h bbv  h ,  b bb x
Eh   h  s mk b  umb
 m s h   h ns s h fqu
 us  h mg  h  T s h o h s
  m sz uss Yu r   h
  hh h mgs  s Wh h umb ­
 hs se  mgs h  mk h la b., 
c s n h m  g 38 As  h s h s
ns  m ss   I h sm ,
h  w siz uss  h  mxmum   Astnomy,
3  b  h n Mthtis, 4  b   mgs
 h u om  , h r us h h 
 h j m. h s m  h r gs h  
 g, ns bks [ ] 
Ps  h s sts  usg  ml   
r  hs sts  t   h g
s:

39
SSNTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

Nos Wos  do o beo o n s

ece speec
I Wos  e oe se i coeso 
seo   
S Us  h io o  s oe
e  se Is ei s s
soe
V  o  s boo o o soc ccepbe
i os ccsces
Obsoee  o  s o oe i coo se
cc  o  s  coo se b o
e se
Re Wos  ve ee bee coo  e
e
Bis Wos  e  coo se  Bs
Es
Reoa Wos  e se   e eopc
e

The Thesaus
 thaur s  coeco o os  si es s pe
see i pbec oe Tese os e ce ynonyms. Use o
 ess s ep e o s ce  o o oe o
w  s e M esses s oe pses i 
o o se os Fo exmpe oe e-ko p esus co
s oe  330,000 os and pses  oe 1,000 ceoies
Ts,  poes se ioo bo o os op o cobe
i e e s e s ces o e eis  sos
Te ees i  ess tpc co e syos  os
eqe o es eqe occece I  oe pi ess
e os so ppe  e ops o pes Te co s e sme
s  o e e os  coes, ci e s  s
os o e pes A os o e pe ppe  pbec oe
No l os e sos, e los  os o e OEFL e
os w  sos eee e se o  ess,
ee  p oie, o i  o pocess pog,  bi o
ocbr  ep o o pepe  e OEFL.
Mos o e se o bes se  coes ppe   es­
s M ees do o specf e eece beee jece 

40
 BUIDING YOUR TOEFL VOCABUARY

 s  s s   pp  s  j 
s    v m. s s   s   L's
xi      mu
au m.n spree hhest getest see best 1.
x -. sprecy heht pcle pree
ece clito tchlessess prepoderce pe,
pek retest ber hhest deree st op­
rel: see lso cl. -Ant. * fot botto.

   s  s   b d   s
 s      s s     s
F s syn s  ss     A 
   s pps  ss see best 1 s ss
s s   s     best   s  s  s
 ns   aum
 s  s  ss       
 n s    s s s    syn. s 
sys o s  s s      cli 
 s   iu A     r s
    nt,  s
T   ss   pf i s  
s      ss     ­
 p I  n pss   s 
ps s    sf n a  s 
s   ss Is e os  s 
pss s  n  s ss   ESL  EFL
ss W  s s   s  s  
  s S s  pp   OEFL O s
w   s s     ss S 
s  ps qs A  xps  ls :

Single Word Phrasal Snony

js s 
 p  jp
s  ss
s k 
 -

As   , s s  p  pss n 

 st   ps   H  s 
pss s s  Ss  s  pss  s s
ss          p s  i­
de.ned  Hps  s s    sqs  
hs pp gc.

41
 CHAPTER 5
THE ESSENTIAL
TOEFL VOCABULARY
s cp cns 30 sss Ec ss pss  s  k
OEF ds Fg  s,   10 cg xcss
A  d  c ss   10 OEF-k cbu quss
 c s   ds psd i c ss A  s
OEFk quss pd n xc cbur  s e s
sd pp     dg sc   OEF, bu s
  scs   OEF
Yu sud sud  sss n d F xp, f sudyig s
s 1, g dcy  ss 2 D  sud sss u  d  bk
s dsgd  pd ssc   ds  pvus sss B
sudg  sss u  d, u l b dg  v ss
L's xn  sp r  s  knds   u 
a

intricate aj. g y pts;  dd

av. itrcaely syn. cpx
. nrcacy

 itrte dsg   s d   ub pc  

cc
I c bg  udsd    itras  d
ub s

  us  d itrte. Dcy ud  od, u
 d  ms   s d Ts ds   s g­
 mg  ps  d pts  spch   d.
F c   ms,  p  spc s g  wg bb
s  ps  spc  usd   d s:

43
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

adj.  adetive
adv  adveb
con  conjuncton
v - veb
n  noun
ph v  phasal veb
prepph . pepostional phrase

  s  nce    j s ps s  k
w  os   r intricately  intricacy,  s w
  r
 k w s     s  s gls I
s xp w s  intricate s soethin havin any parts
 soething that is fnely detailed.
U  m  wi   sy   k w T
s s  w  s  s   s g  t s
k w  s syn. I  xp  pg 43  s
gv o intricate s comlex.
Bw  s   w ss  sw  sg 
w  os   w T ss    x; 
s  ws sg  k w   spp  f 
g   k w 's k   w ss   xp

The intricate design of the vase made it a valuable

piece fo he collection

I cannot begn to undestand all of the intricacies

of moden automoble engnes.

 k w wl ually pp   s s  k w
s s ow   s s sg  s   
  ws  w      w I  
ws  gv   s s svs s  s
  g   k w
S w os      s. hs  ws
     sg   k  pp   
 w s pv  w       
  pw  v

STUDYNG THE WOD ENTRES

 a vr ,  s v  s p  w it
u  wg p s  s   ss w 
bldg th OEFL vl

44
 HE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

Pl  spd  ls  hu sudg h ds  ech less 

hs bk D  sud ds h u led kn

Rea
Fs d h d ees  he less cull cludg h den
 de s s d xpl sces I s p
 u  ssc he ke d h s g d s Tes
e h h s p ps  he d e

Rera
Nex d ch d  g Lk up ul ds h pp
n h xpl seces hs  h u sud h   sug
gs h u cv h k d h lk  h eng d s s­
 h di h k d Wh u  ble  d he ke
d vs h pcss b dfg he cved s Fll
cv verg n h  xcp h eag d de he k
d d s s

Fnd he Synonym

Yu   d o he chg xecs  h d  h d ls
's lk   tpcl mchg qus

  ntcate
 functona
® compex
© pedomnant
@ nordinate
h pups  h ques s  s u kldg  sns, 
k skill  he OEF Yu wll s u chcs  hs xpl u
mus chse h sy  h d intrate. T cc chc s
(B). complex. Nl ll h ds h ppe s s chcs e
k ds ducd  he s d pvus lsss Chck u
ss b eg  h As K ud  h bck  hs bk
Yu   d  s u skll  cul OEF-lk quesis
's lk  h llg s ques

The ntcate desgn of the budng's facade s tpca of

budngs of the nneteenth centuy.
 functona
® accuate
© standad
@ complex

45
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

Ts es quesi s tpc  e quesis  e cbu sec

 e OEFL Yu us cse e   s e sme  s
men s e uee   e seece Ms EFL quess
  use e  n cexc seeces eefe s e eae
 Cpe 2 u  pbb  be be  eeine e en 
e  b en e seece Teeoe  ec  e ue
ed  n   e e seece L o s sm 
e fu cces Te cec se s (D), complex Ms  e nse
cces o e es quess  e e  ec ess e e s
nuce   ess
Ae u e sue e  eies  e ss 
cmpee e pcce execses me ls cs O e se  e
c ie e e   s ee fs O e e se  e
c we s syny Reie ese cs see imes u e
ees befe u OEFL es sess I u e pep f  specc
OEFL es e e  su sceue bse   uc me u
e befe e OEFL F exmpe  u e sx ees befe u
es e pn  su e esss ec ee
Be sue  u nze u cs I s sugese  u 
ze u cs n pbec e b synonyms  b e lesson
number. Keep  ups  cs; e up o e s u e
eae e sec up f hse s u ee  ea Ree e
sec up me e n e s up  s  u e

s u cbu s eu  e execses n es quess
 ec ess
B on s su p u    u e bee pe­
pe f e mpn  e u e e OEFL

NWERING PHSA QUETION

 es e pse-tpe ques s pvie  ec  s bs 30
esss Ec ques cns  s psse  uses e use
  cbur em  cmb  e s   s e
upe  F expe densel s    ppes s  se
em  e  ese esss bu  s e cmbe  e 
populed  fm e pse deely populed. eefe, densel
populated s ee s  e pse  e  e ps quess n
e b It s s useu  ea e mens  se s bu
 s s mpn  ea  ese s cmbe  e s
n cmm  ps   ups
 nse ese quess  s epu  use  u e
k bu e s  s   eep  e smpe sees n
m. Le's  me cse  e desel populaed expe.

46
 HE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

Fs u sud d  pssg cu A    u d
 k u  d  cn d  g   
ps s d    pssg s  s cs u 
  ps s sg  d   dsui  pp 
 pcu cu S  cs g  cs  s 
 p   cuysd  u   ss   
ds   cn cus u udsnd  g 
g   pssg  uss d dms 
Udsdg  g ng d  pss cx s p
 ug  u  c up w  g s   pcic
qus  s :

In stating that th Nthlands is dnsly populated, th

autho means that its
® popl a vy unvnly distibutd
 population is the lagst in Euope
© population is the lagest pe squa kilomete
@ citis ar th lagst citis in Euop.

Wu gg uc u u c p guss   s
s  s C) snc  cs  css  sg   cu
s   cns    pp u sg   cs 
   cur  Eup H    sps u
c  jus   su
Yu c s         g d  s cs
deely Nc   d s  d s s   s
 ds  djc d  ;  s snc,  s u ow
heavily populated  pcu Eup cur sh  pp
 cs p squ  O d cs  pss
   cgs F xp s c s d
b ppss (corom } s c us pcdd  pp
ss ( ipulse), nd s c us pcdd  djecs
(cuhin blow). I  ds   us s uc  u 
d's o  p  spc s u cn  g  s g d
spcc   udsndg  s sp w   ds
ud 
F c   sc   ps u v d 
s F xp u  dsc  u  d cud
 ps  u dg dpg u ss  cu­
a ug xs dng-d u   cdd   
 u ls cds Ts pss   cs cus  
c usd   gug. F  s u    c
css    t  cxs  fqu us s s 

47
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

es wh desd hese wds  cb c ve  

deepe d e ee desd  he e s  whe

Word Combinations in This Book

he be beg bew cdes he wd cbs d phses
hhhed  he bks 30 vcb esss
 he s c  he e  c see c 
b ech wd cb's p  speech F expe diapprve
of s descbed s  veb becse  s h e i  Elsh seece:

Sheila disapproves of students who make a lot of nose.

I he secd c he chpe  whch ech wd cb s
od s speced F  stve seece s ve  he hd
cm
he be w hep  ea ew phses d wd cbs, s
we s ee sees  ea ew wds  cb whe­
eve  d he

Word Combinations in This Book

(See te second column for lesson number)

VRS Exaple
dsppve  1 My ces w dsppve
 ce  c phe se
(see  dve  2 My pepe c see  dve
i v  b ces
c  3 A chee ches c 
c  s sds
(be) deeed  4 M esdes e deeed 
esc he vee  dee
wk  5 N e cd wk  he pbe
cn  12 he vere ced  he
ps  he csuc  ew
ds
(be eped  12 he wee eped  hve pwes
h peced he f ck
ce css 18 Jh ce css se d cs
whe ce  he bsee.
k ve 19 Te chec ked ve he hse
ps ce

48
 THE ESSENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY

VERS (continued) Exaple

ke he te 20 Te cee d kes the ­

e d es he  wd
ec  21 he c ecs  he pesece
 cd  ug ed
  21 Te sdes   se p­
es dg he 
cc  22 Scess seek  cc 
pered cces  g eds
g  22 Te ds e gh
  chges n c
g pcesses
(be) eed  23 Te ches s espec
ewed  s  pes
(be) pec  24 We sge s pec   css
 s ced s
se  24 Hs gd gdes se f hs
dedc  sdig
(be) pe  epe 26 Hsc cs  he pymds
e pe  epe
c  26 She hd  c  he cs 
shppg he shppg e

AJECTIES + NOUNS
gg qes 5 Whee h e s se s s
 gg qes.
cshg  8 he pe's e s 
cshg   g
ce--ce eces 13 Lck  ee cc s  sg
 dsespec  ce--ce
eces
hegheed weess 16 Hegheed waeess hs ed 
  geehse gses
gd decese 17 A gd decese w 
se spedg  epyme
lced ew 18 1 es ae ges  ced
vew  pepe podcs, d ees
ce pes 28 A ssce wh ce pes
d c k ce

49
ESSENTIAL WODS FOR THE TOEFL

V + JCI xaple

wesued 5 Te me s we-sued o
he jb
cmpe es 6 I s cmpe es  swch
 sme Iee ses
dese ppued 9 he Neheads s he ms
dese ppued cur 
Eupe
excep eed 10 Ree ew chde e
excepl eed muscl
udmel sud 14 NASA s cde h spcecs
e fdmel sud
peus cse 15 he wd cme peus cse 
si he pd  he 1980s
p med 27 he shp ws p med e he
ns wh ued he uese
pme dsped 29 he eecc b cde s 
pmney dsped   pduc
seee pushed 30 I sme cues, hhspeed
dv s seee pushed

OON + NOUN
 s ce 7 Pes ew he medc
pess s sesh  s ce
 mpuse 25 Pschg hs exped wh
puchses e mde  mpuse

COMPATV JECV
me pele ha 11 Sps ut ehces e me
pee h cmpc cs

HS ROON
 cjuc wh 5 Gd d des  cjuc
wh eece de educ
mes ds se.
 pps  19 hee s w seme i
pps  se bss sh

50
 LESSON 1
• aboad • attactive • interention
• abupt • autonomous • pesistent
• acceptable • chonic • postpone
• acclaim • disappoval • valid
• advese • disuptive • withdaw
• aspect • haphazadly

abroad dv o o  oe couy

syn. oeses eo
Lous Amsog ofe ee brd
Lvg boad c e  euco exeece

abrupt dj. quck wou wag

av abply syn sue
n abupness
Tee ws  bup cge  e wee
e e ce eeroe ef buptly

acceptable dj owe o sscoy

v. accep syn pemsse
av accepaby
n accepabt
aj accepng

Te e ws acceptable o eeyoe

Te egs accepte moe ppcs n e sou e

acclaim n eussc ppo; ppuse

aj accamed syn pse
n. accamaion

Leoo DCpo s ee accla o s  co

Acclaie uos oe win uze Pes

adverse aj spesng ojecoe, o 

av. advesey syn uoe
n advesy
n. advesar

he gme ws cnceled by ocs due o e adese wete

coos
Hs ecso aversely ece s jo peomce.
51
ESSENIAL WRDS FR THE TOEFL

aspect n.  pa  chacesc  smeh 

eeme
y ce
I wud us he pesss dvce n h sect  ecmcs
Tee e my sc sect  he cmpe pcedue

attractive ac. ci e  pes ceg

v aac ees pet
n. aacio
n atacveess y ppe
av. atacvey

he de  wki ou e-hu w dys ws ttctve  m
empyees
he mj ttcton  he shw ws  speech by he pesde

autonomous dj by se wh  ssc

av. aoomousy y depede
Mexc becme  tonomou se  1817
Ahuh w csey wh he erme,  busesses uc
tonomosly

chronic aj. wys pese; cual

av. chocay y cs
he uh's chrnc hedche peeed he m sh he
chpe
He s chrnclly e  css

disapproval n he c  dsee   pp

v. dsappove y bjec
av. dsappovgly

Te sarvl  he p cused he epeme  be bded

Te sudes srve  he ee  dfcut  he es

disruptive  cus cus d eup

v. dsrp y. dsubi
n. dsupio
av. dspvely

Feque quess dun ecues c be sptve

Te sm cused  ipto  bus sevce.

52
 HE ESSENTIL TOEFL VCBULARY

haphazadly  g o oe o pte by cce

aj apazad yn bly celessly
 apazardess

I ws obos  e ose ws bl hhadly

Ss complee e ssgme   hhzd wy

interention n kg co; be ole

 nevee yn oleme

e os inervenion elpe m mpoe s ge

Some wol lees ece o o inerene  e s o oe
os

pesistent aj. coos; esg o ge p; m -i

v. pess co o ecso
. pessece
av pessely yn cos
e orey's perisen qesog sele e wess
He perience eae e  spo o e em

postpone v o cge o  le me; o ely

aj. pospoabe yn escele
 pospoeme

e eeees ece o potone he socce mc

Te potonemen o e meeg pse e mpe clb membes

d j. pocg  ese esl bse o us

. valdty o cs
av vaidy yn cocg
e ses   alid eso  mssg clss
e poesso qesoe e validit o e es esls

withdaw v. o emoe ke o, o ke bck

 whdawa yn exc

e plye wihrew fom e compeo.

Glo  o mke  wihrwl fom e svngs o py o

53
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHING

Choose he soym

1 whdw 6 hphad
 exc  sdde
® descbe ® secel
© cop © ceess
@ covce @ cosl

2 oomos 7 cos
 depede  dsupo
® sdde ® ccepbe
© eo © bp
bp @ pesse

3. chonc 8 d
 mos  ctie
® sbe ® cocg
© cos © om
@ od @ bp

4 eree 9. fob
 oe  tce
® oppose ® hphad
© ep © ccepb
@ cee @ dese

5. spec 10. pospoe

 co  espod
® e ® eschede
© chcesc © sse
@ objeco @ ee

54
 HE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

LESSON MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 A csos o s  oo o autonomous coes

 gee  erio de beee ebe ses s ee
o escos Te pce  a o oe esco o podcs
ee he csos o o oebe ses Oe o he
bes-kow csos os s he Eope Uo o EU
e od autonomous  e psse s coses  e o
 sse
® cced
© pospeos
@ depede

2 Te sec o de  bod odos ed o e dscoe nd

se o sk Msk s  sce sed  pefes I s obed
o e sex ds o e e sk dee  s dee ie
o e oos eos o e Hs Te odo o sk
pee d persistent, s beeed o c s  podsc
I s, sk sees e cos o de eo,
povd ecoo, d c es
Te od persistent  he psse s coses  e o
 ce
® dsupe
© cosn
@ pes

3 U e e iee ce l bbe s exced

haphazardly o ees d n e jes o Soh Amec
I s expese d e spp s ce Hoee, d
e 1860s e de o nspotn ubbe ees o e Bs
cooes  As s coceed. Ts ed o e e-sce
co o bbe ees o oed pos
e od haphazardly  e psse s coses  en o
 ceess
® secey
© cosy
@ dneos

55
ESSENIA WORDS OR THE TOEFL

4 Sme ms se d c  disrupt  d-e

peds pecep Oe ms e c pes 
ed w e sdgs Sc c sees o
pec,  c mes,   dsc eemes Cled crc
c,  ses e ms' g pce, s, d mes 
deese Cpc c m ed  m s e  s
eme h  s ly nse
e d disrupt  e pssge s cses  meg 
 ds
® dsce
© i
@ e

5 Cge ppces  ep ssme h em dsdes

e e es   ees  peceps Te md
m epe  ee s sc  clmg, pp  sd e
em dsdeed pes m pecee adverse ees
s pes es Cge pscepes seek  mke
e pe e  e lt  s pecep d 
sse me  es  sc ees
Te d adverse  he pssge s cses  meg 
 ms
® eeg
© ese
@ e

6 Icesg, es e es  eeges  k

 ex  e pes le dvg F my, pe se
d dg ae peec cmpe; es, ee, e me
esy dsced, especl e seg  msc e gg
me  ccdes ssced  pe se spps s
cm M cmmes  disapprove of s  s mc
 e e fdde ye  y ge  se ce pes
e dg
I sg  my cmmes  disapprove of ese
pes, e  mes  e
  edse e ppuat
® cdem  ppse e se
©  e se y b ds.
@ gee  e esced se

56
 HE ESSENTI OEF VOCBULARY

7 Fs e used o ccue a  ooms d budgs d 

coog d drig peope, mes, o poducs Ee hough
a h s ccued b   s comog, o n cu coos
he a. A codoes use  compced pocess o coo he
 d cee chnges  empeue Whe epg  
s ee smpe,  poesso epm w oe hae
to interene he home oes ce pobems h he a
codog us
he ods to interene  he pssge s coses  meg o
 o be eesed 
® o e bou
© o ge oed
@ o be peped

8 odoes ske  m es o he od, bu ohee e

he s eque o s desg s  he Ued Ses 
s odo be" embces ge poos o he Ge Ps
o he Ued Ses d he souhese poo o he cou
odoes pose he gees hes o hese es, hch e
espec uebe o abpt chges  ehe codos
Te od abpt  he pssge s coses  meg o
 sudde
® vd
© shp
@ dec

9 Fo ome  he 1920s, feedom i dess eeced he e

feedom o ke up cees O  sm pecege o ome
pusued such oppoues, bu he eouo chge
eced he tpes o cohes o by mos ome Fo exmpe,
ouses becme acceptable e  mos  ces
Ts mesoe  he sho od oed moe stlsh d
combe cohg sed o moe m modes o dess.

Te od acceptable  he pssge s coses  meg o

 usbe
® edube
© beebe
@ pemssbe

57
ESSENTIAL WODS OR THE TOEFL

0 The No Fm Bod o Cd s esbshed i 1939

o poduce ms h eec Cd e d hough d
o dsbue hem boh domescy d bod By wg
ds fom m esvs oud he old,  hs eaed
nero acclaim  he tsc d echc exceece
o s ok.
The od acclaim n he pssge s coses  meg o
 sco
® pse
© ccepce
@ co

58
 LESSON
• advanag • circumvn • rai
• advn • coid • hyday
• agil • conmporary • myh
• abi • distribue • rfn
• appaing • ncourag • worhwhi
• cbrad • nrgic

advantage n somehg h m hep oe o be

av. dvageousy successu o o g somehg
aj dvngeous syn bee
Is hee ay dve  g ey?
He ws dvteuly bo o  ch my

advent n. he comg o ppece o somehg

syn a
Wh he dve o compues mny ss hve bee mde ese
Te oches's es ewsee ouced he dve o he
upcomg coce seso

agile adj be o move   quc d es w

a gey syn. mbe
 geness
. git

Dee ae ver gile ms

She moved gilely coss he sge

albeit conj. spe o he cs egdess o he c

syn hough
Hs p ws successf lbei g
Albei dcu  mes, spekg ohe guge s ewdg

appealing adj. tcie o eesg

v. ppe syn lug
 ppe
av. ppengly

Wog bod s elig o mny peope.

Tough hs speeches he cdde apeled o he voes
59
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

celebrated aj. cclmed ellko d popul

syn eowed
Te btd ps wll be gg  coce hs eeed
S Fcsco s lbtd  s mulculul meup

circumvent v. o go oud; od

n cicumveto syn. ede
he hce emped o cuvnt he compue's secuit ssem
Crcuvnton o he feshm mh equieme s possble

collide v o h oe obec gs ohe wh

n collso ole ce; o be i opposo
syn. csh
he oison cused mjo dmge o boh cs
Moo ces ee cused he lge seods oded wh he moo

contemporary dj. mode up-o-de o (n)  peso lvg

n. coemporary  he sme me s ohe peso
syn. cue
Contmow checue mes er good use o spce
Cees s  ontmow o Shespee

distribute v o dde mog people o o ge ou

n dsrbuo syn. dspese
My publshes o distbut he esppes  he Iee
Te distibuton o seeds s er quc h hs e mche.

encourage v. o pomoe help, o suppo

n ecouraemet syn smule
n. ecourager
av. ecouraly
av. ecoura

he goeme cu aes  ode o noua spedg

Te poesso ge ech sude e nouant h s eeded o
le he mel

6
 H N F VBURY

energetic aj ull  lie cin,  pwe

 eeg s vigus
av eeeal

Sm hsn been s gti s he usull is

Tees  l  gy in hese beies

fal aj. wek in helh  in bd

 fraty s. gile
Te f wings  he newbr bid culd n li i  he gund
One  he fates  humn beings is lainess

heyday .  high pin  success  bundnce

s. pinncle
Mny seles becme ich duing he heda  he Cliri gld
ush  he 1800s
We e living in he heday  digil cmmunicins

myth . n invened s  ide

aj mhoocal s legend
 mhoog

Tughu his mhs wee ceed in n emp  explin mn

cmmn nul ccuences
Mythloy is the sud  legends nd bles

refne v  me pue;  impve

. efineme s. peec (veb)
aj. efined

cies mus f il befe i cn be used s uel

A squi  lime juice is he peec refnmt  cl

worhwhile aq. vlue in ding smehing

s ewding
I ws worhwhe wiing en hus in line f he ices.
I's worhwhi  pepe o he OEL

61
ESENIAL WORD FOR THE OEFL

MTCIG

Coose te soym

1 ccumet 6 eoed
 celete  ukow
® ttct ® celeted
© ede © dese
@ ppel @ dsppoe

2. dtge 7 othle
 eet  eadg
® pesstece ® cceptble
© mleess © gle
@ llue @ pemtted

3 gle 8 goous
 moder  ttcte
® mous ® eutifl
© eed © eegetc
@ fa @ dtgeous

4 cotempo 9. ee
 tmg  pesst
® cuet ® lue
© ell-o © peect
@ peect @ dvde

5. ppelg 10. ed

 eed  geemet
® ecougng ® cclm
© llug © postpoemet
@ popul @ pcle

62
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSON 2MLIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

 Oer he ers esgrs he eued he c kre 

res where sghigs  he ceebrated Abmbe Swm
he bee repred Te sme scess he ceced phsc
edece such s oprs bd prs d phgrphs bu
hs edece rems uccg I 1960 he rewed
mueer Sr Edmud Hilla  New Zed cduced a
esg  he reprs  he creure, bu ud  edece
 s exsece
Te wrd celebrated  he pssge s cses n meg 
 euse
® mbguus
© rewned
@ dsc

2 Eercses h demd l bd veme mpre nd

m ess Te ms eecve w  ee mre mely
er d eneretic s  egge  erbc ct  es hree
mes  week r 30 mues Such ces m cude Jggg
rug swmmg dcg, d s wlkg
Te wrd energetic  he pssge s cses  meg 
 grus
® 
© ge
@ ppeg

3 Ms pepe d  pprece he mprce  pckgg

Pckges mii he purt d eshess  her ces nd
prec hem m eemes usde I he ces re hrm.
crrse r psus he pckge mus s prec he
usde evrme A pckge mus def s ces whch
ces distribution  he prduc
Te wrd distribution  he pssge s cses  meg 
 usge
® dsrup
© dspesg
@ dersig

63
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

4 A contemporary sse mg pschgss s he c 

cse  e s sce  cpes d s cs
d cseqeces Ech  hese specs c be csdeed
f  bscl e Geel bscl her cses 
he ephsgcl specs  es d he es s
gzes  cg d s  c
The d contemporary  he pssge s cses  eg 
 ce
® cced
© ceps
@ ed

5 The e ss  he Hds Re sch ee Ths

Dght Ashe Dd d Ths Ce The d he
wideess  he Hds Re le appea ling. Alhgh
hese pes sded  Epe he s cheed  ese
 sccess  he d chse he c hee  he
eeess d sped  he Aec e
The d appealing  he pssge s cses  eg 
 nyig
® gng
© specca
@ g

6 Rece ps sgges h ee pepe see  advantage in

g  he ct h he sed  Thee s  e he
ces ced c dees ke peu ges: ces hd
e jbs bee schs e sevces Td pepe e see
p ce sess d epe hee he ce s
ppt sed  dges, he see dsdges 
pg he es o he cet  b e
I sg h ee pepe see  advantage in ig  he
ct he h es h ee pepe
 csde ces  p p
® pee  ece  bg ces
© ke  pse e  ces.
@ ie ct e s dges

64
 HE ESSENIA TOEF VOCABULRY

7 T gog popu o so   950s d

 po ug po   r od s
dop cd s   cocs  pop
o d i  sgl s o' sos L, wh 
advent o sl d cb ', los o, gdss o
oco, s b o pc hs  du
T od advent   pssg s coss  g o
® dpdc
@ oc
© poso
 l

8 Psss m  do  goup o Ea od T

 gdd s  os g od o  bds d occu
 budc Hus  og jod psss  
sogs d  os n a o coos, ps, d
bvol s M psss a cosdd o b qu
agile. Aog  os gc o h s  so, os
s bod s dsgd  oss ug
T od agile   pssg s coss  g o
® b
@ dcb
© bod
 s

9 I p bcus sod ds o spo pd,  c es

o  Ud Ss, spg s od oy dug spcc
pdd ssos Fo p,  Msssspp dl s,
spg s lod o b Ocob d M I  ps,
s so sso d  dcu o d sp ou o sso
Ho,  dop o zg cqus   1940s
encoaged  spg dus o pd, kg   gobl
dus.  Ud Ss o pos sp fo o sxt
cous d sp c b boug  y  o  
 od encouaged   pssg s coss  g o
® dcd
@ ccpd
© sud
 d

6
EENI WOD FOR HE OEFL

10 Scec dscples such s geec egeeg ae exlodig

wh possbles As  esul o e echologes d pocedues
o e helh codos e emes  may dseses
hve bee developed Alhough he developme o dvaced
mehods ll conue o chge he ce o helhce, mol
beles oe collide with scec dvcemes, slog do
te pogess o some healhce emes.
Te phse collide with  he pssge s closes n meg o
 ae  opposo o
® e bse fom
© e ssoced h
@ ae cocered bou

66
 LESSON
• ater • enign • potentia
• anayze • conorm • propose
• ancient • enrich • restore
• annoying • intensif • turbuent
• anticipate • intoerae • vital
• ascertain • ongoing

ter v. o chge o mke dee

v ered sy modf
n terto
aj. tebe
av. teby

W the stom altr s couse ad mss the cos?
Go hs't alered he pas to etur to schoo.

ayze v. o stud somehg cely; o septe

v lyzed ito pats  stud
n. yss
sy. exme
Scetsts must aalyze pobems hoough
Aalysis o he subsace cons the pesece o oge

ncient aj somethg om  og me go; e od

sy od
Acheoogsts aye acie cvlztos
De ud  acie Rom coi

anoying aj.  sght bohe; dstubig to  peso

n oyce sy. bohesome
v. aoy
av. oyigly

Mosquoes c be  aoyin p o  cto t the bech

She aoyed he pets b comg home e

67
ESSENIAL WODS OR HE TOEFL

anticipate v o  o o ee f someg

a tpor ed o me
 cpo sy edc
No oe c atciate e esls o e gmes
ey led e co w atciat

ascertain v o dscoe d o

aq scetbe sy deemie
a sceib
 scee

I ed o asceta  e s ellg he u

e jy mde  decso sed o s ascertamet o e cs

benign adj. dog o m o dmge gele

sy mless
He s  a, be smle  mes eeroe comfble
Te mold o e ls oed o e be

conorm v o fllo esblsed les o es o

 cofomt evo
 confomst
sy d
Yo ms com o e les o lee e cl
Se s lys ee  cfrmst

enrich v o me c; o me someg o gee

 enchmet le
aj echg
sy ece
e e s ech o les
e dscoey o ol s  echmet f e cor.

intensif v. o mke soge  eeling o qlt

. tesy sy ege
aj tese
aj esve
av tese
av. esvel

e moce o e es wll somemes ten e eosess o

e sdes
he cess mc s plyed h ge testy.

68
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

intoerale dj dcul o pl o expeece; o ble

n oernce o ccep dee ys o houh o
av ntoerby behvo
av noerty
q. oer sy ubeble

Ay opposo o he ules s itoleable

Hs boss s itolet o hs dess

ongoing dj cou

sy cue
Te uo pojec s  ongoi pom o he school
M ods s  ooi job

potentia n  blt hppe, o oppout h

aj potei hs o occued o bee deeloped
av poteiy
sy possblt
Te medcl sudes he show e otetil o become docos
Smll spce hees e  otetil fe had

propose v o suges o pl o do someh

n. proposa sy sues
n proposto
aj. proposed

Te oero s o o rose e xes

He prosl s ell cceped

restore v. o e bck o b bck someh;

n restorto o eur o he oin codo
aj. restored sy elie
He estoed my cofdece  hm.
I s  beuul estotio o he old ble

turbuent dj o be   dsodeed dsubed o

n. trbuece usble codo
av. trbulety
sy. choc
Te ple le houh  e o tubulece
Te tubulet cod ssed o  mee h he pme mse

69
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

vta aj. o re mportnce; ull o lfe

n. vt syn. ndspensle
av. vlly

Mone s vital o he sccess o he proga

His inense vitality ws esly oservble.

70
 THE ESSENTIAL TEFL VOCABULARY

MTCHG

Choose he soy

1. dspesble 6 poel
 brup  rco
® brod ® possblt
© l © cpo
@ fal @ perssece

2 resore 7. beg
 ppel  hless
® relze ® wea
© rc © essel
@ dsrp @ mscle

3 conorm 8. erch
 o  ler
® dvde ® dspese
© ecorge © dsrp
@ dp @ ehce

4 rble 9. berble
 choc  spig
® oler ® orble
© og © olerble
@ derse @ ce

5. scer 10. proposl

 del  qeso
® reder ® eo
© deerme © beef
@ sser @ sggeso

71
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

SSON 3MUIPLE-CHOIC TST QUSTIONS

1 T p  w p ms ee s kw s 

p pp sd Suds  fud s p  
sm mg d s d uu gups Hw 
p  sd s sg mg s gups
A s um sps  p my  s s  sg 
ss   uul  sl vms Hw
s   s msk  susss  a jur  
xmg pys
T wd ee  h pssg s ss  mng 
® us
 d
© s
@ ub

2 Nu dds  uzd  s us s dug

pdu  ec  ods i d   dy
ds   dd us  fd susus Nwds,
ms  mmy ddd  m ods i d  s
 ut u F xmp mis A ad D  ddd
 dr d  pdus ad sl   B ms 
ddd  s.
T wd ec   pssg s ss  mg 
® 
 
© pdu
@ s

72
 HE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

3 I ode ucuig poduco ces h poduce

equpe sese o evoe coo  dusee
okg e wh sc epeue d hudt coos s o
vit poce Seess psc s d cegs, ee
ghg,  couous o o dusee , d d ceg
e eues o hs ce oo Wokes e spec cohg,
cudg hed coegs Whe eeg hs oo, hey pss
hough  shoe" o eoe cos
Te od vit  he pssge s coses  eg o
 dspesbe
® ey
© exee
@ dubous

4 Hu popuos e cssed  es o geecy

sed s Fo goups h he ed  geeos 
ce ocos, esech uses he oge geec eecs
o evoe cos such s ce d de Ongoing
esgos ck he hsor o eouo d s geec
chges d hep o ep he ogi o geecy deeed
dseses d he og-e nuece
he od ongoing  he pssge s coses  eg o
 cue
® hoough
© poposed
@ epoy

5 I he 1890s,  sig geeo o youg ogzlo

edes ce o he poc scee hese edes sed
he a d pcce o pocs  he Ued Ses, by eecsg
sog edeshp d by bgg bou suo chges
h heped revitaize poc deoccy Mos mpo s
he cheee o ecooc d soc obeces, such s
egso o pee chd bo, d ccde suce syses
o pode copeso o jued okes.
Te od revitize  he pssge s coses  eg o
 esf
® esbsh
© e
@ esoe

73
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

6 Tee e oe h 100 tes o seces o chmeeo A

ebe o he zd  he cheeo es  coes
s dese s Mdgsc S d S Lk I s hogh
o chge coo o conform to s sodgs b h s
e e Whe chges do occ wih chges i gh o
eee esecy he he cheeo s rgheed, s
e coo el ches s ede sodgs
 sig h he cheeo's coo conorms to s
sodigs he ho es h 
 des o he coo o s seig
® coss wh s sodigs
© cshes ih he coos od 
@ ooks he se s s evoe

7. ed gh esso hooghs e c he o

sooes Te cooso d eee o heey
bodes c ofe be deeied b naysis o hoos ke
wh  ce h s sese o ed gh essos Usg
ed deecos sooes c obsee cooe cees
objecs h he c wh oc deces sce ed
do s ess eced b iese ds h s gh
he od naysis i he ssge s coses  eg o
 iesco
® exino
© dseso
@ odco

8 Wokig eioes  hch od ose s eqe cn be

h o he eoee Asde o s beig nnoying,
he os esbe hsc eec o ose oio s dge
o heig Ts  be ehe eoa o ee d
 cse dsuo o o ces I ok es hee
ose s  poble ce shod be ke o oec he es h
egs
Te od nnoying n he ssge s coses i eg o
 dc
® ogoig
© bohesoe
@ eed

74
 HE ESENL OEFL VOCBULARY

9 e csuc  shee fu m he s sbe hum

scetes bu 000 yes  s cseed  be m he
ms mp  l ancent hum ctvtes e sysemc
pceme  oups  hus mke  mmeus cuu
trst wd he fmt  ws I eeed ew eeds
 esuces  ws ccmpe by  snc cese n
echc v
e wd ancent  he psse s cses i me 
 
® cu
© snc
@ ded

10 eek  ke dvae  ew ecmc treds  the e

1800s Mb's ees me mpn ches n ecmc
pces. ese ches whch antcpated ew ecs
 ecmc devepme  the eg k ve  the
uque busness bues  he pvnce Du he ey
1900s, these pces ve he pvice  ve ve he
pe pvces
Te wd antcipated  he psse s cses  me 
 ecue
® yze
© med
@ pedced

75
 LESSON 4
• amiguous • deceptively • mundane
• arbitrary • designate • petition
• assert • determined • relinquish
• astounding • elicit • resilient
• astute • emody • stagnant
• concur • instigate

amiguous d o ucle meg somehg h c be

v mbguousy udesood  moe h oe w
 mbguty yn gue
Te me eceed  auous messge fom he boss
He lee ws ull o auies.

arbitrary d  co o decso mde wh lte

v. abrly hough ode, o eso
 bness yn hphzad
He choce o clohng seemed atry
he eche btily decded o ge he clss  es

assert  o exess o deed oesel sogl; o

v. ssevey se posiely
 sseriveness yn. decle
. sseron
a sserve

Te goeme rted s cool ove he bkg ssem

he comp pesde s  srtiv ddul.

astounding dj. er supsg

v. sound yn soshg
v soundngly

he scess mde  atounding dscoer

Te s wee stoundd b he em's success

76
 E ESENIA OEF VOCABULY

astute aq ey ee sm cee

aj astutely sy pecepe
n asuteness

He s  atut oke s n  e me  ook e oes
o ns
Tey atutly deemed  ee oud be o cce o s
o me

concur v o e e sme opo o d e

n onurene sme cocuso
sy ee
Te deco cocured  e cocusos o e commees epo
Do you cocu w e des o e busess p?

deceptively d mk someth ppe ue o ood

aj. deepve e  s lse o bd
 deceve sy msedy
 deepon

Te mgc dcptvly mde e bb dsppe

Rcd dcvd Joe bou e cos o e co

designate v. o specf me o seec o do  sk;

 desgnaon o dce
n desgnao sy ss
Te pesde dsintd e ce pesde o epese m 
e mee
Te dsitd dve doe eery oe ome e e pa

determined aj. so  oe's opo, m  covco

n. deteminaon o d ou
v. detemne sy. esoue
Tey ee dtmnd o o o due scoo.
Te jude dtmd  e m s yi

77
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

elicit v  ge he cts  d  he h

. lcao yn ec
A we l elct l the cs ecessr  pve he cse
Elctaton  he uth c be dc  mes

embody v  be  gd empe   ccep  de

 embodm yn eempf
Te csi s  embodent  Amec dels
Che embode   he qes   gd ede

instigate v t cse  cct  gme

 isgao yn e
aj sgav
av sgavy
N e ke h hd nstiated he dems
Dsssc h gveme pces nstiated he ev

mndane ad. cmm  ine

av. mudany yn da
 mudass
 mudat

Te stdes undane smme jb sed he

Hs mhe sked hm  d  he undane hsehd ches

petition v.  mke  eqes

 po yn. ppe
Cd pettoned he Ued Ns  csde s cse.
he sde's petton s deed.

relinqush v.  gve p c

. rqushm yn bdce
Te bed execve elnqushed he c o he cmpy.
he relnqushent  hs cm  the bdg  l he bildg
 be sd

78
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

resient aj. srong enough o recoer fom dcu

av esilieny or dsese
n. resiience syn encous
She hs  rsilint personalt and w soon e beer
Te docor ws surprsed by hs pen's rsilinc

stagnant aj. no movng or deeopng

n. sagnaion syn. s
v. sagnate

Te stgnnt wer ws  perec home r fogs.

Some sy h eeison cuses he mnd o stagnte

79
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHG

Choose he soy

1 ppea 6 msedgl
® etch ® up
 sse  decepe
© peo © pogessve
@ esoe @ u

2. mude 7 sg
® ceeed ® s
 odir  owg
© soudg © agr
@ ee @ eomous

3 nsge 8. ese
® e ® ohesome
 empoe  vt
© esf © uee
@ esoe @ ecous

4 ec 9 emod
® dece ® exempf
 hd  ece
© coom © oce
@ exc @ etch

5. dce 0. vgue

® eqush ® noee
 e  dvese
© ecouge © euu
@ heghe @ mbguous

80
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSON 4MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 T ci d ss  pic uss  m­

mc d gmc pcps, suc s  ppt
w  as  sm gus Opc uss d 
cs   cd ug ceu psc ibus, suc
s  sdad us  pspc, dsd gs, deceptive
sdg, uusu juxps, d c cs
T wd deceptive   pssg s css  mg 
 usv
® msdg
© d
@ mguus

2 T Sc Fs Cv, d  1848, sd  wms

sug mvm   Uid Ss A Dc 
Sms," wc cd up wm   d 
petition   gs, ws pssd Hwv,  cvs
su, cg   g  wm  v, owl pssd
T dcu   pvs   Dc cusd my
cks  wm's gs  wdw  supp  
 wd petition   pssg s css  mg 
 v
® dmd
© pp
@ pss

3. Spc w s ccrd w  pp uss  u spc

T ms mp t  spc ws ws  1967 Ou
Spc t  pcps w cd  t ccudd
  m d   csi ds w   f 
p d us   s T s concued  h
us  wps  mss dsuc ws   dd  spc
T wd concued  h pssg s css n mng 
 ssumd
® gd
© icpd
@ svd

81
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

 It s  cmm mscce  e US ess s e

csu e  ese e y  e ee
ee Te su es ess m es bu 
des  ve Cess e e  ese ee  e ee
ee I m sces ess m   cuse e ses
 d sme b mes  es  subsdes  s bu
 c cme em  cce e cees Te mk
cess c becoe stagnant  e ses d  ee  e
sed es
Te se becoe stagnant  e sse s cses 
me 
® cue 
 s ess
© be cceed
@ cee umes

5 Due  e astounding ess  eedccu ecg

 emus umbe  sss c be ced  
se eedccu c Te s cmmec successu
mccess ch d l 4800 sss bu b e
be  e 2000s e ees -ed cs d 72 b
Te d astounding  e sse s cses in me 

® ss
 d
© sd
@ ese

6 Dee us ve w dmtc  e es Ued

Ses  e s 20 es M esdes e   ve dee
in ei cmmunes bu m es see em s  mece.
Dee fe ade  c cuse umbe ccdes mpe
s e es d s secs  c dsese Teeoe
m esdes e determned to esc er mvemes ece
em u  eve eme em ee
I s  m ee e deterined to eme e
dee, e u mes  e
®   decde   d
 su e cese
© ss  educ em
@  e e ed

82
 H SENIAL TOFL VOCABULARY

7 T gm o css ws no wl ognzd un 1946 wn

 wod css gog ody FIDE asserted s cono
o non py A  m non css goups
mmdy wcomd  cnc o jon  nw don
How FIDE's uot s no n unsy cognzd
nd n ody  s no gnl gmn s o  sus o
 wod cmponshp
T wod asserted n  pssg s coss n mnng o
® nncd
 mpowd
© pmd
@ dcd

8 Soc nopoogss mp o lus  soc mgnc

nd ouon o  umn c nd o dmn dncs
n umn soc ognzon nd  o o pms
Dsp  c  l csscons o umn socs nd
cuus  ba y lso emp o no dncs
n ous umn socs In sp o s dicus
nopoogss  md g dncs n  dncon
nd goupng o umn cvons
T wod ba n  pssg s coss n mnng o

® gu
 pzd
© dspud
@ us

9. T Mono Docn owd  Und Ss o nrn n

 s o Ln Amcn couns n cs o fgn nson
Onc  Und Ss ws desgnated o c on l o s
ngos o  sou psods o fgn nnc dcsd
un  1960s, wn Cu wnd  suppo nd conomc
d o  fm Unon o So Socls Rpucs
T wod designated n  pssg s coss n mng o
® uozd
 ccusomd
© dmnd
@ mpd

83
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

10 J Edga Hooe ws  astute poessioa who seed s

Dieco o he FBI f 48 yes A esiie d deemied
goeme ocil, Hooe's eue spned oe o he mos
impo es o mode US hisor His poicies heped o
shpe d cee wh hs ow become  highy especed
mode ivesigie ogiztio.
Te wod astute i he pssge is coses i meig o

® ccimed
 ceebed
© pecepie
@ emine

84
 LESSON 5
• bafe • acilitate • ecompense
• bea • incessant • shed
• blur • in conjuction with • niqe
• billiant • intige •well-sited
• cation • obstrct •wokot
• enhance • pesade

bafe v to conuse to  pot t wc o poess

aj bafig c e mde
n. bafeme
yn puzzle
Te cuses o m l dseses e bjd doctos f cetuies
ht ws  bling questo

bea v. to poduce, to cr to sow to edue

av bearaby yn yeld
aj bearabe

s ocd bs my e aests o pples

Althouh stock pces decled, losses he ee babl f most
estos

blu v. to mke someth dcult to see

aj brred yn cloud
n bur

Te  blured eeyoe's vew o te lley

Te wole ccdet s just  blu  my md

brilliat d tesely bt o coloul; tellget

av. brilliaty yn. dt
n. brilliace

Este ws  billint tke

Se billintly poduced  soluto to te polem.

85
SSNIA WORDS OR  OFL

cautio v. o le soeoe o dge, w soeoe

aj uous o ke ce o p eo o soehig
aj uoy sn w
av uious
n. uo

Te oce cautoned he oors o slow dow

he eeed o he egoos cautous

eace v o cese   pose w, such s 

n. eneme vlue, powe, o beut
 ehed sn seghe
Pssg he exm should enhance ou chces o beg ded o
college
Te copue enhanced ou poduct

facilitate v o ke ese: o ese he pogess o

av facve sn sss
s cefl plg factated he copleo o he pojec
Good echg seges Jacltate sude leag

icessat aj. osop, coiul, o eve-edg

av. iessl sn cos
he wo's ncessant lkng dsubed eveoe wchg he
ove
Te dogs' ncessant bkg kep he whole eghbohood up
ll gh

i cojunctio with pep ph. i ddo o, logsde

sn log wh
Execse, n coyuncton wth  oushg de, cobues o  helhy
lestle
Te checs pled he buldg n conjuncton wth he egees

itrigue v. o nees gel

 trgug sn sce
av rgugl
n. rgue

He ws ntiued b he ccl h he eceved

Te ntrung queso bled hsos.

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 HE ESENIA TOEF VOCABULARY

obstrct v  pee meme, pgess,  success

n obsiuco yn bck
aj obstcve
av obsiucvey
Jus afe he sm, dwed ees obrucd m ds i he
cmmuit
A huge buidig obruced he cea iew m he pame

pesuade v  chage  beie  behvi b gume

av persasvey  es
aj. persasve
n. persaso yn cvice
he cud pruad hei ciics  see hei pi  iew
Jh peseed  prusiv gume o his sar icese

ecompense n  epyme  ewd   deed

av. recompesable yn cmpesi
v recompese

he kigh eceied gd s rcomn  svig he kigdm

His bss ssued him h he'd be rcomnd  his e es.

shed v.  hw  u  gie u

yn discd
I de  gw, cbs mus hd hei shes.
Te epeimes hd  ew imi  he cuse  he disese

unique aj  be he y e   kid speci

av qely yn. e
n. nqeess

He ws peseed wih  uniqu ppuit  ed he ceece.

His ste  wiig is uniquly his w

well-suited aj.  be cmpemer  pppie;

 gd mch
yn cmpible
Te desig  he huse is wlluited  is suudigs
Te exeieced pincip ws wll-uid  he jb  supeiede
 schs.

87
ESSENIAL WORDS OR HE TOEFL

work out v  ed r cse  ed sccessf;

 devep
syn. sve
Teir ambiis pn wil ikey work out.
Te w grps worked out  cmprmise h beeed hem bh

88
 H ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

MTCHNG

Coose e snoy

1. ncessn 6. convnce
 unque  ssert
® consn ® pesude
© blocked © esoe
@ bed @ eld

2 obsuc 7 e
 wa  deened
® ep ® waed
© ennce © gue
@ block @ unque

3 ngue 8 cle
 scne  sss
® elc ® eme
© nensf © le
@ enc @ dscd

4. well-sued o 9 ennce
 unque o  enice
® copble w ® srengen
© enhnced w © elnqus
@ dedced o @ encouge

5. wok ou 10. puzzled

 lze  ld
® copense ® ssee
© sole © bled
@ oppose @ sue

89
ESSENIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

LESSO 5MTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 A wor    gg oo o    o  gg
 p fom   g T oo   
se   oy   o p   k  gg
Som m   z  , op  u oo
 poj o  ow o o  T oo p
  h yog
 wo sed   pg  o  mg o
 ga
® pv
© 
@ 

2 Imo gm  y m o g o p I 

y,  omo ay o p  om  
mo,   m  o    t
p i  gmo  y   oy
  ppo  g. F g, og  ox,
 g f    po  bllnce
o   p. T m  g mo  h
p  mo gm
 wo bllnce   pg  o  mg o
 
® g
© m
@ pp

9
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

3 Dug  howe meeo ppe o ped fom  po  he

k ced he d Tee d po ge ech howe 
me Fo exmpe he Peed howe ppe o de fom
he coeo Peeu Dug e hee howe 30 o 70
meeo m be ee eer hou bu o niqe occo  
peccu dp h umbe m be be eer ecod
he wod niqe  he pge  coe  meng o
 gug
® mzg
© ceebed
 e

4 Someme dee mpc ocet b he ue o docc

d whoe pupoe  o o persade he pubc o bu 
poduc bu o chge he pubc ew bou  pecc ue
Compe ue h deg o iuece pubc opo
Cc  h uch d e u oe-ded; dee 
h he m med he bee equ oe-ded  g o
epo compay ew
he wod persade  he pge  coe  meg o
 covce
® dude
© oc
 ecouge

5 I he md-1800 god d le wee commo compoe

o deue A  eu he wee e expee Howee 
1851  poce o hde he juce o ce opc p
o ubbe w dcoeed T ew poduc coud be moded o
 mode o  pe' mouh d c eeh coud be mde
As  eu whe ued in conunction with ew mucug
mehod, hee mod cued he co o deue o 
dmc.
Te phe  conjnction with  he pge  coe 
meg o
 og wh
® ude
© houghou
@ w m o

91
ESSENIAL WORDS OR THE OEFL

6 Te sse  hee hm e s se hs s bee 

intriuin quetion  scece M esses  hypheses
he bee ce g fm s  Epe Hee he
es k hm bes  sss ee scee  Es
Ac  1972 Te e e 2 m es  Te e s
eeme b mes he e  he cks s hem
 cmp hem  he osss
I s h he   hm e s n intriguin question,
he h mes h 
® eess    scess
 c ee be see
© ecees  mch e
  ls be  mse

7 he Sx  heee pepes  ses   k 

  I  Eel he Su  Cheee h
 ee he  s  US m ce  he Be 
e Bhr hs be ls kw s Cse's Ls S"
s e b Gee Gee Cse Cse s cautioned b hs
ss   eesme he seh  hs ppe b
e he ce est  he ee  he U.S ce
Te  cautioned  he psse s cses  me 
® ae
 sce
© vse
 cce

8 Ch  rmes se m cein ces e

eec he scl ss   l B p 
 e cmm mehs se  ssh sc ss
Ohe mehs ce he se  p e  se ns, 
  bcees  bs eckces  he rmes
me  ece c ehes I s cmm  ps 
pepe  se he  esces  hem  work out 
  s es sc k
Te eb work out  he psse s cses  men 
® ese
 sc
© e
@ deep

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 HE ESENTIAL OEFL VCABULARY

9 Sc o m  tc t  dgg t f

o gd Am  g g wt lo o ht
o O op c  t m   tt
go  to  nc t T ro g-g  o t
t m  bes m vi 
T od beas n t g  cot n mng to
 odc
® ct
© ttct
@ 

10. I ct tm t t   tuct comod o 

comx  o g d cm, o t t
dgd to be m A yt t d cd
t wt mdg d o t cotd o og mdg
t tt d to  ct d
T od be  t g  cot  mg to
 otuct
® zz
© dcd
@ tod

93
 LESSON
• chiefy • emit • rigid
• carse • exceedigy • rtiey
• cmmpace • excsivey • stamia
• cmpex • extigish • suciety
• cvetial • immese • visiby
• cris • istataneos

chiefy adv e os por or os coo

aj hief syn. osl
Houses re de chifly o ood producs
Com s he chi crop o e Mdes.

coase adj. o e or soo; o delce

av. oasely syn. roug
n oaseess

Sdpper s  exreely coar erl

Wool clotg s  ceri coar  exure

commonplce adj orda

syn. feue
I soe prs o e orld, ex essgg s ore coonac 
oce cllg
Fele lwyers re coonac  e Ued Ses

complex qj dcul o udersd or expli;

n. complexty vg n prs
sy. coplced
Te busesse suely pproced e coml produco proble
e uerse s  comety beyod copreeso

94
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

convenional a. llowing cceped ules o sndds

av. oetoly y don
n oeto

Poesso Celd geed h he oiol heor bo he oigin
o he Bsqe lngge
o becoe ineged no  socet o s lea he oios o
h socet

cuios adj odd o snge ege o lea

av curiousy y pecl
n uriosty

 riou objec s dscoveed n he ens

Slly s rioly neesed in he hsor o Alsk

emit v. o send o gve o

n emsso y elese
n emter

Te ging es e mid  dense he soke

Modem elescopes c deec he ines lgh mitd b dsn ss

exceedingly adv ver; o n nsl degee

v eeed y exeel
n. exess
aj exessve
av exessvey

In opcl zones,  s dingly ho nd hd

I s no se o d he speed l

exclsively adv. no one else nohing else no shed

aq. exuse wh ohes
n excuso y. escivel
v. excude

Ts oo s sed xclsily b he clt

he ecldd everone nde 21 fo he cones.

95
EEN WRD R E EL

extinguish v  b b he e  eh

aj exingushbe sy ee
 exgushme

Te ehe qckl guihd he e

Me ece h euihd  pev e ee

immense adj. exee e

av mmense sy e
 mmenst

F the p  c ee he in e

She  enl eee  he e  ech  feg e

instantaneous adj. cc   

av. nsn sy ee
 nsa

A bb   e sttnously he  p the ch

Te eche  sttly e wth cp he he ce
the e

rigid adj.  e  be ; ebe

av rgdly sy 
he eche  er d  h e b c ece
He hee id  h p b ecc wh

routinely adv. e  e

aj oune sy 
. roune

She rutely e  phc e

I  oute o e  bece heck  e.

stamna n.  phc  ea eh

sy ece
Te Oypc ue ee cebe stami.
Te he cke he smn   he ce

96
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

sufciently av enough; in  stisfing mnner

n. ufey syn dequtel
aj suficet
v. sufice

Jenny is sufntly mture to me her own decisions

Her income is suint r her needs

visibly av. cn be seen

aj sble *power o imgintion or wisdom,
n. so especill with regrd to the uture
v. ew
aj. vsoa• syn. noticebl

Ken ws vily upset bout his perormace evlution

Strs re more vile on  cler ll evening.

97
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHING

Choos h soy

1. sos 6 mms
® gr ® up
 sg  mssv
© mmd © ogog
@ ggc @ complcd

2 dol 7 xcdgl
® br ® sll
 sodg  xml
© covol © sstvl
@ q @ soll

3 xtgsh 8. vsl
® m ® ocl
 dscd  ql
© m © pssvl
@ dcv @ coggl

4. cos 9 smn
® oig ® cog
 ll  dlgc
© pcl © wkss
@ hcd @ dc

5. dql 10. scvl

® sfcl ® xclsvl
 dcpvel  dvsl
© sl © oghl
@ magl @ lvl

98
 HE ESENIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LSSON 6MLTIPLECHOIC TST QUSTIONS

1 N Ami  ps  mk ss

C s  sm ppu u  s sus 
 puvit I s   m sumpi  ps
 f  m   o ep ur  
N Am   Ui Ss    
s  immee msi mk   is p p
sumpi  s  h  I ps m  
i s  s.
T  immese   pss s ss  m 
® mss
 sussu
© pm
@ s

2 By    h 20 uc, mpus  l nu

 y i   pu  p ums Ls
 ps u  sy ppe  psa mpus
us  us u s   m    u
k k  p  sk  i s m  s
    m   pssi pms 
k sp  mm bf p.  wd  
fs m i   pui  i um s 
    covetioa p psss ks 
pss i s p g  quit  x p
y s p s supss   mmy tps
ma
  convetioa   pss s ss  m 
® s
 
© i
@ mp

9
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

3 Coor pp s e process  whc  p s red 

cosruc nes o eq es o  propert fo be
d pons For exmpe  oporpc p reels e ree
o  re  eas o coor es  represe eeo
I ddo o oporp ere re exmpes o eopscl
eocec meeorooc, socoocl d oer res 
re rotney pped  e eod Te t o po
deces s pered pp  coper wc redces e
eec o a s o e n prodc
Te word rotinely n e psse s coses n e o
 ordr
® eece
© ss
@ ecey

4 Moopcre ecoog s  cros ed o e od d e

ew. I c o e eqpe, se-o-e-r dl eecrocs
 e work w  ecncl sse veed  1895
Moreoer e ecoog o oo pcres s sed o o
o e eo o s poorp  so o  coo
o seer ore or ess depede ecooes: cmer d
projecor des i cre d processn sod
record nd reprodco d  d  esree
Te word crous  e psse s coses  e o
 prodcve
® pecr
© coeed
@ ppe

100
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

5 T b n   , p,  ma   kw

  pm I pmr f   m   h
b-b  y  M xb pm 
    uh  h  mp wh
 b  bm m, h  ph  a Sh
 pm m h pt  bb hk
Rgd pm  m  , mp   
   p m,    wh
   mh
h w gd i h p   i m 
 
@ st
© pb
@ mp

6 h I     b nm, b

h  h  I  m  
p'  p  h Sm p m
h h hb  p  p     h  
h, hy   My bm h   h
seos   I  O , 
p  mh    vc. I  mpv 
 wih  m m, b mpv h  b
h F mp, mp m l h  '
  h n.
I  h I nm  seos, h
h m h  
 ny b w
® b wh 
©   
@  w qt

101
ESSENIA WORDS OR HE TOEFL

7 We s  pwef sven  cs s  cs o n

ecns I s ses e nd cd we In es  s
cpsn we s n nsa  n nd eezn
pin I s sws ns ve cnes w epeue
We s es e s complex   cn ssnces 
e sine cec cpnds
e wd complex n e psse s cses n enn 
 enwn
® pec
© ne
@ nce

8 Ove seve decdes scenss nd eninees ve cnned

e sse  pns emitted   veces Se  e
wse pdcs  e csn pcess ncde cbn dde
nen s nd we vp Tg ese -pdcs e
n e  n scenss eze h cbn dxde
 cne  he pe   wn Hweve e
cstn pcess s pdces cn nxde, ·nen
xdes, nd dcbns   wc e knwn tes 
n e De  veren ens  se essn
sndds  vece cpnes ve sncnl edced
e n  m ses  e dsced  nsan
cyc cnvees in veces.
e wd emitted n te psse s cses n enn 
 eesed
® ceed
© cnveed
@ nned

102
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

9 T tt g td b El Wht  cooce 

 tthtur  Althugh pttd  1 794, th
gu dg  ttd  uh b th tht Wht
gd l  dt nl d f h pl vt
h tt g  lutid g  n pt 
th Suth.
T d cooce  th pg  lt  g t
 tbl
® tadd
© lbtd
@ md

10. T dlt l ad l  l  dpt It   tg

tul b ad  tgth wth tht yl  th
kd  t pp t b th but ud th p
ulttd l b l cose It  th lt  ht-th
b, d t  bb up t 30 pt  t ght 
tu wthut lg t
h d cose  th pg  lt  g t
 t
® tg
© ugh
@ md

103
 LESSON 7
• brash • critica • prposeuy
• carif • discrepancy • revea
• concea • distort • scarcey
• conrm • diverse • simltaneos
• convenient • eventay • theoreticay
• core • prosperos

brash adj.    k  

av brashly qu
n brashness s l
T bash u n   p u 
Lu' bashness f  h i u  h

clarf v    y u;  

n clacon 
s xp
Chp 2  h xb clres h p  
A cljction  h ' p  h   r

conceal v  p     

n concln s h
T u ccad h  u h u
H concelment  h   h   u  pove

conm v.     upp

aj confied s. p
n. conmnton

T  cd h h i wu   h h

W h ju  cmt  u   h g 
Lo A

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 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULR

convenent ac.   h  b  ' d

v coveety syn pt
n coveece
 n pd h h dpp  h vd 
 cnvnn  b d
F h cnvnnc  h d bd, h ba  d  
l 

core aj h    p p 

n. core h
syn h
 coe     h  qd  
d
 coe   pp   db

crtica aj. vr   ; d 

v crique syn. d
n crcism
n. crc
av. cricay

I  crial   h d  h x y  h

u d
  pd ccsm f h h v w

dscrepncy n  di b h h hd b

  q
syn 
 dscrpancy  h p d d h  bv h h hd
d  
    dscrpancy b h   d h 


dstort v.  h f h  hp 

. dsored d, y    
n. dsorio
syn. d
T d p  dsrted h v  h pd  gh
Dsorn  h  f  p  b d b  h.

105
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE OEFL

divese aj aou; dc o ohe

av dersey n dee
n derst
v dersf

Feud hd  ivee nee  pchoog

he ivei o e  o he eah ke zooog  ee
ae o ud

eventuay av o hppe  oe e  he uue

uu du
n 
A ood educo w evenally p b dvded
Event he coupe w p o he ore d ow he home

prosperous aj. uccef. weh

av prosperosly s hi
v. prosper
n prospery

I he e 1900 S Fcco w  oeous ct

Bcei e ude he pope codo

purposefly av doe   pecl eo

aj. prposeul n debee
av. prposely
n. prpose

Te coue bu w deed wpoefll o be ey o ow

He w uhozed o ped he oe  bue roe.

revea v. o ucoe; o expoe

av. reeligly n dcoe
aq. reelg
n. reelo

Te pede evealed oe o h de bee he e h peech

Te epo de oe evelaion bou he ue o he coc

scarcey av o o

aq. scrce s hd
n. scrct

he wo acel poke  wod o Eh

Due o  ai o we,  o p w ebhed

10
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

simultaeous c ourrng t the sme tme

av simulaneously syn onurrent
Te bos sltaneouly sremed Ie rem!"
Ts student s sklled t performng mny tss slneosly.

theoreticy av. ordng to  resoned but not proven

aj. heoetcal pont o vew
. heor syn hpothetll
v. heoize

Hs agument ws theoretlly ppelig, but not relst

Leonrdo d Vn theoried tht Erth ws not the enter o
the unverse.

107
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHING

Chooe he som

1. defrm 6 hrvg
® hde  properou
 dor  ree
© cocur © coee
@ bock @ oerbe

2. muaneou 7 ncoec
®   crque
 permae  dcrepanc
© concde © debero
@ cocurre @ uce

3. eeu 8 dere
® nal  ocebe
 oo ® dere
© oce © coeo
@ coeque @ curou

4 claf 9. hpoheca
® hed  exceedg
 ehance  hphzrd
© exp © heorecy
@ ec @ roue

5. brh 10. reea

® dorted  dcoe
 houghu  be
© recke © coce
@ decepive @ corm

108
 HE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSO 7MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUSTIONS

1 e geoogc sor o E reveas muc omo bou

e eouo o e coes, oces, mospee d
bospee e es o ock  Es suce coi edece
o e eouor pocesses ese compoes udee we
ec e ws med B sudg s ock ecod fom e
begig,  s possbe o ck e deeopme oug me
Te wod reveas  e pssge s coses  meg o
 eces
® dscoses
© ces
@ does

2 Dod wee cosues  mo eeme o e

evome d  mpo co  um webeg d
ct Agcuue ml usbd spoo, d
pubc e d set e  ge ueced b wee 
s o supsg  oe o umt's odes eome­
eed ineess s bee o mge e wee prposefy.
Te wod puposefy  e pssge s coses i meg o
 pospeous
® eeu
© eceedgy
@ debee

3 Iumo ps  ge oe  ou pscoogc d psc

we-beg Lg c mode objecs o e em, ee coos
o distort em, pode  ceeu eome o  goom
oe Ge d eeced ge c cuse dscom ad educe
sbt  ddo o ccug umo,  gg
egee mus de w  o ese pobems houg e coce
o g souces d xues.
e wod distort  e pssge s coses  meg o
 de
® cceue
© dem
@ gg

10
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

4 Te dee ppene o ms s he supe he

dierse et o kow ms  e ssoed mo o 
hdoze s od ps hese ps e esshed dun
he emco ses o deeopme nd m he sze nd
ompext o he ms Syme ume d deeopme
o ssue pesee d ue o od es ad see
spes o e deeopme dene hese udme ps o
ozo
Te wod diverse  he psse s oses  men o
 eozed
® oweded
© dee
@ 

5 Whe he sees o he weser Ued Ses doed he

o o s sod houses d duous he bui sm
wood-fmed dwens o oe o wo ooms whou  seme
Rooms wee usu dded s prosperous mes ew ge
hs usul esued n  sees o e ope ooms d ed o
ed so h eh woud he  equ mou o suh
Te wod prosperous  he psse s oses n me o
 umeous
® hv
© pome
@ oueous

6 he med poesso s somemes used o e moe

eesed n se ha he qut o e  dees Ma
pes ee he do' e he eo he desee; m see
he poesso s sesh to its core. Doos e ee, s 
ee sue omp he udes d h o he pu
shows Seet pee o he pu wee dsppoed  he
qut o e; o 35 pee o he doos eed
I s h he med poesso s sesh to its core, he
uho mes h 
 s ee eesed o  se
® os  oup o d doos
© hs wde suppo mo pes
@ udes ood d d phss.

10
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

7 Id  ppd    dp  d

p    -   g c A
     dm    d 
eeua dpd  kb   pd
T  w d pb by  pd d 
ng  w dpd by 
T wd eeu   pg    g 
® qky
 y
© ny
@ gdy

8   p d w pbby bd 

 br B  y w  ee f
g pp f  kp  p w  S
 d w fd by ddg n dd p"
 w  br  p d   c
Ey  Gg  d   d 
 d w    M b  
pp d  g y
T wd ee   pg    g 
® 
 d
© pp
@ p

9 Mk  xd f  500  y d b

10000  p  kw   350   g
p  ppd  t Mk y O   
  F vd s   n l
 xd   p f f   20  y
Wh w p  ddy    n
f w  d   w-dpd d  y
 w g w kdy, nd     p
 w  p i   o g g.
T wd s n  pg    g 
® d
 
© p
@ 

111
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

10 T s swmsus ee h shp o h hum body

Or h dcds, uds rad rgdg h pubc
dspy o os body shp Dsgrs coud mo wy fom
cosrv sts d promo hos h rd  body's
physc bus.
T word ele i h pssg s coss n mng o
 hd
® dsord
© hcd
@ dsrupd

112
 LESSON
• acceleae • dcile • mio
• cush • engende • negtiae
• culivae • engss • bain
• deive • faw • paicle
• dicae • hares • ansp
• disinguish • mammh

acceleate v o go se
 acceeraion syn. hsen
. acceeraor

he cion o moecues clrates hen hey e heed

e poo condiion o he moo mde cclration dicu

crsh v. o pess ogehe so s o compeey

aj crushing diso he shpe o nue o he ojec
. crush syn. gind
Te mchine crushs cor o poduce corme
Pssge o he egision s  crusing o o he pesiden's
pogm

cultivate v. o pln nd ise  cop; o encouge

aj. civated gowh o  eionship o endship
. culivaion syn go
e poessionas hd common ineess h oed hem o cultvte
 oing eionship ih ech ohe
e cultvatin o divese cops in pe-Coumbin Ameic is e
documened

deive v o come fom o d somehing fom is

stg poin
syn oin
Te Engish od decden" is drivd fom he Lin od decdee"
He drivs ge joy fom going vegebes in his ckd.

113
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

dictate v o se demds wh he power o eforce

aj dicoi sy mpose
n. dico

Te workers were o   poso o dae demds o meme

Hs boss resembed  dao

distinguish v o her, see, or recoge dereces

a disiguishbe sy dscrme
aj disiguished
aj disiguishing

Some peope co dstush coors we

Aeers ae dsushed b her o oses

docile . es o coro or r

av dociley sy mebe
 dociit

he moose s tpcl  e doce m

M rebeous ou peope see dociy s  wekess

engender v o cuse somehn ew o exs; o cree

sy. produce
he pocs chrsm egedeed ehussm
Ecoomc codos  he 195s egedeed  er o dusr
rowh

engross v. o become compeey occuped or voed

. egossme   ct
aj. egrossig sy ee
Te echers ecure enrssed he ere css
0 Her's shor sores enoss reders  he w o hei surprse
eds

114
 THE ESENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY

faw n a sall s  aa a aks a 

aj. fwed p
sy 
T s a fw n s y
Ty  a  a as fwed.

harest n  a  lln a p;  ps

a hresed a
v. hves sy a
T U Sas a a paaly  a ares s ya
y  abl  hes  cp bf  a

mammoth aj y la

 mmmoh sy us
T sussul pu s  kw as a th  
pu l
T pyss a qu  sus  puas a mth
xbk

mio .  s, as  a 

. mo sy l
T suls   suy mi publ p
T s   y s mred   saa  l  
ppl

negotiate .   a l u,   a

 negoon a
 negoto sy baga
H egoiated w hs a o a s   pj.
T egoiaios bu abu a    

obtain v  a  su s

q obinble sy a
T uvst otained a  pal ala
 pa by Wsl as  oaiabl.

115
EENIAL WORD OR HE OEL

prticle n.  ver sml pece o someh

syn fme
Parls o us c esoy eectoc sumes
Sm rls o me ho he keys o ues he ogn
o ie.

taspot v o move fom oe pce o othe

aq rsporbl syn. cr
aj. trspored
. trnsporttio

Fy s o wys he ases wy o so pssees o he

eso
Te tnspo exeses o poducs cese he  cos o
he em.

16
 THE ESENTI TOEFL VOCBULARY

MTCHNG

Choos h synonm

 w 6 mmmoh
 pc  sst
® g  nomous
© dc © chonc
@ con @ mnuscu

2. dc 7. mng
 nspot  doc
 ngnd  ad
© gow © ob
@ mpos @ mundn

3 hsn 8 dscmn
® cw  nhnc
® cush ® psud
© concl © dsngush
@ cc @ dso

4. cop 9. c
 hs  mo
® dvc ® conm
© mro © poduc
@ smn @ gnd

5. fgmn 10 de

 uhoion  conm
® prtc ® rgn
© cuon © dduc
@ dng @ on

117
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

LESSON 8MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

I esg mes r qt ssrce c be ccompshed b

seer mehods Oe commo odesruce echqe sed o
oce srce crcs d faws  mes empos  peerg
qd Norm hs d s brgh ded or oresce er
beg spred oer he srce o he mer  soks o
y n crcs e qd s ceed o, owg crcs d
bemshes o be esly see.
e word faws  he pssge s coses  meg o
® beds
 deecs
© cves
@ des

2  mpor s o mgeme s o move dvd

worers o coorde her coecve eors o chee 
orgzos gos Te coceps d mehods sed o
srucre wor d o desg orgaos he chged
cosderb. A orgzo's ge c ofe be predced
b he w wor s srcred Wor prcces ed o refect
he orgao's desg heo prese  he me he
orgzo ws ded.
he word refect  he pssge s coses  meg o
® ece
 miror
© ce
@ cceere

118
 THE ESSENTIA TEF VOCABULRY

3 Te Me Cmpc   dcume iged b 41  e

me pege  e Mayower beoe ei dig 
Pymu Mcue Te pege ccered  me
membe  e cmp mig ee e gup d ee 
ei  negotiated  mg emee  cee e
dcume Te Mle Cmpc ceed  piic bd e
pupe   om  impe germe Te  iged e
cmpc pedged  bide b  ue  d egui
I ig  e ee negotiated, e u me 
® e ded ieck
 e ug  
 e geed immedie
@ he eced  cmpmie

4 Bee e iei  eeccuc equipme  geee

d meue ud e ibe eig e ge ppxme
eu i e be ce A pe' eig cud be epied
i em  e biit  distinguish bewee e ickig  
c d e cickig  ci   deemie e dice 
ic cei peec   ipeed ice cud  ge
be uded
Te d distinguish i e pge i ce i meig 
® dicimie
 ie
 cif
@ cce

5. We DNA i ubjeced  eiciene civit ragments

 iu ie e med. i pce ee  uique per
 eici-ezme DNA. Ti pecic DNA per oud i
ec um geeic iege i uique becue ec pe,
ecep  ideic i i med m diee cmbii
 e geeic mei m  ami ie Te per  ie
 e DNA m  idiidu i uique d c ee   "DNA
gepi"   pe
he d fagments i e pge i ce i meig 
® g
 mdici
© s
@ pice

19
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

6     p   s b  pp

    E c  n c 
JP Bc  J J  it 
om  . I h c  c 
  pm  c      
  c  m  p  
p  fm cm m      m
m   
I    p    s b 
pp     m  it
®  cy  h    p
 c  mm m  pc
© pm   n

@ p  fm cm m
pp

7 Fa c    mp ct   

  Mr. T   pci  cc 
 mk l  E C A mk 
  pc   m  m c 
 c    w m mp cp ued
 Mr'  
T  ued   p  c  m 
® 
 
© lp
@ xc

8 T   m  -p vc Q

c     c  s g  xp
 c m c  q   pp  
   T     , c
c  
h  s   p  c  m 
® pc
 
© 
@ c

120
 HE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

9 Ce cocoe s  oed pocess Fs e cco

bes ms be mecos aesed fom e cco ree Te
essbe cocoe cdes we e m w e derived
fom ese bes Te cco bes ms be crused d he
o o  pocess kow s empe- epe cce o
wm d coo o e qeed podc
Te wod derived  e psse s coses  me o
 dsc
® eoecy
© seped
@ obed

10 Te ecoomc depesso  ped e Ued Ses 

te 1930s ws qe  s sie nd s coseqeces Dn
e wos peod o e Depesso  1933, oe  eve 
Amec wokes ws o o  job Te e dsrl smp
engendered exeme dsp hoo e wod 
pessed ogo e 1930s.
Te wod engendered  e psse s coses  me o
 cceeed
® podced
© omed
@ deveoped

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 LESSON
• ccont o • dim • jgon
• ccute • disply • stte
• cte • expots • stightorad
• clssif • gigntic • niom
• cenc • impessive • vibnt
• dense • instll

accout for ph. v.  ke smehg i csderi;

 pide ess   ee
syn epln
He dd  ccounfo Es gvit  hs phscs clculs
He ese sudyng ccount fo he ecelle gdes

accurate ad. cefl nd ec

av accuratey syn pecse
 accuracy

he s ble  me ccue bses h he e elescpe
Exemes mus be cduced wh ccuracy

acute adj. hg  sudde csequece  seee

av acutey eec
. acuteness syn ese
he pesde s cuely e  he c h he decs uld be
uppul
He s sueg m  cue hedche

classif v.  plce  gups ccdg  tpe

aj. cassied syn nge
. classfcaton

Blgss classi le oms  mn phll

Te lba's clg s  classfcaton  bs  he lb.

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 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

cuency n. oa u cs

 o
Mos pucss  f cous us b    oc
u
T Jps u s  s s  ol

dense dj cos pc o cow cu o

av dsy s ou
n dsty  hc
T bo cc ws· cus b  ds f
Ho Ko s o o  os dn popu cis   wor

dm aj o bg o c

av. dmy  
v. di
n. dnss

T  ws oo dm f su

Te ss di   v sk

dsplay v. o sow; v

n. dslay  xbi
T o dad  s o  u 
T c's dplay o  ws uoru.

exports n. poucs so bo

aj xored  f ss
v expor

T U Ss' pos ow xc s xors

Eored oos  usuy   qut

gigantic adj. v 

av. gigaticy  oous
Rc  oo ws  gatc sp  spc xpoo f
n
Nw os o  o .gat vs ov  o os

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ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

  cs m cs   bc's

v mpeve mpc sz  qt
v mpe sy mps
 mpe

Lics p  pss s messve

Er-  w   pessn   py

   s p  c  c;  pc  

. allt e ps
n intlle sy ss
T s   s y ild   cmp
A s itald s ps    c s k

jo  n spcc   pss  ct

a jgy sy mg
T  jn   cc s cs
Scc c jgn s  s ss  mvs  cms
fm  scc

u     ccpy   mxmm 

n. su sy 
a ued
   p y ms sturate  s     y cc
I    ,  sp stuates s  s 

hod aj. sy  s; smp; s

v. ghtowd sy cmpc
 ghfrde

T ssmy cs  staihtfowd.

Hs staihtfowd ppc  s sss ls a
m spc.

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 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

uiform aj eer p beng he sme

av uiony syn conssen
 uiormty

Bed hs  uniorm exue

e gdes on he es wee uniormly poo

vbrat aj. liel poweul fll o con; bgh

av. vbratly syn. blln
. vbrace

Hs viant pesonlt mde hm well lked b eeone

Te virnce o he ct s cive o many ndduals.

125
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHG

Choose he synom

1. enomous 6 unom
 pospeous  d
® uonomous ® dvese
© nc "© complex
@ clssed @ conssen

2 dlec 7. nsll
 emnolog  hnd n
® lws ® se up
© expos © pu on
@ jon @ e n

3 vbn 8. sue
 blln  oveow
® ccl ® seek
© pn © sne
@ deep @ supss

4. stord 9 cue
 eeble  nense
® hones ® ccue
© usefl © pecse
@ dependble @ nc

5. mposn 10. clssi

 mpessve  us
® ceve ® lea
© nun © cli
@ mbuous @ ne

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 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSON 9MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

 W  A Sh  1776,  Wet of Naon 

 vba c  c    h 
n   w  cc O    
 h wh pp p hi w h , ct 
 wh  Cp, h h p  r
p, h  pc  w H   h
cp pc cl c cqc  h
r h   wh  oc
T w vba  h p  c   
® cc
 
© 
@ cc

2 Dp  wk   cc, h hc

m w hc   cp  g,  xcp
  p F h p  l ,  c
 cx  -q et T  w sud
wh c  h cc  h   I
chcc   hh, pch,   
h    h   h  p 
ph f  ch
B y h h  w sud wh c, h
h  h
® h w   w 
 ct w  wh 
© pp c  ch
@ h w  c  p.

127
ESSENIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

3 he  cel med chsm o he Gd Cyo

cos  e m mpesse peks cos d ves
eee s oue lls Te cyo cludes  ume o sde
cnyos d suoud pleus Te deepes d mos
mpessel eufl seco s h Gd Cyo Nol
Pk hch ecompsses he Colodo Rves leh om Le
Poell o ke Med
he od   he psse s closes  me o
 deep
® uule
© eomous
@ 

 he ued clsscl checul stle o he 893 olds

Colum Exposo ulds poed o e he mos
impressive d iluel stle o s me  commee o
Es Cos archecs d rms heed  Deceme 1890
o pl he  ulds he collecve esul s he
cosuco o  oup o 150 ulds kow s he Whe
Ct Te des eslshed he colum checue s
he ol ccepble pulc stle  he Ued Ses  40 es
heee
he od impressive  he psse s closes  me o
 mpos
® ccl
© msse
@ edu

5 he poso o Pesde o he Ued Ses hs  he ps

decde, expded  s dest Tee ee t-o Cucs
pesdes o he Ued Ses po o Pesde Bck Om's
eleco. Hs installation s pesde sped couless
Amecs o pusue he dems edless o ce
he ou installation  he psse s closes  me o
 eslshme
® em
© umph
@ eeg

128
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULAR

6 Ed s  scd-s densely popuaed cur 

Eup, pcdd  b M  s 255 bs p
squ k  cps, y s 200 bs d
Sp 87 M Eup cus h cuu cs,
d  ppus  u dsbud F xmp,
Ps s 3,550 pp p squ ke. w  ps
  s  Fc c w  30 pp p squ
k
 s  Ed s densely poplated,  u s
 s
® ppu s  s uy
dsbud
 ppu s  s  Eup
© ppu s  gs p squ
k
@ ppu s s  s cs

7   d  c c, scss  sudyn

ds f dp cpu ps  display spcs
  bv Rsc  l spcs  c
c s us Hw, s scs dub 
ac lc c uy pc os  
bv k  bsId   v ss
dd, ac c ps  sp w cpd
  uv s d duc cpbs  t
u b
T wd display i  pss s css i  
® xb
 
© dc
@ 

129
I WORD FOR  OF

8 Cd sl s  oso No A d  os

i lss Hov so sps s s  So o oo
sl  v dense ds o sll p o ppl los
   d pls d  dl ld 
ol pposs oo  Nos
 od dense   pss s loss   o
 sll
® 
© l
@ 

9 T S s o  ol s ow o  opd  

sv plr ss   by ss  o kown
o  ld  pls o dd sz Ts ops
 so poss   vs s lld   sol
sss sl o  o o s No dp dsd o 
Sol Ss   vd wo  ppto o  s
pops o  S,   p accounts for  xs o
l o E
T ps accounts for s loss   o
 s o
® os fo
© s dls 
@ ss fo

10 A   s     o ors currency

  d   o o E s a 
ovd   s pl  th s o sppl d
dd T   oll s dpd po
 s o  or's oo d s d l
 od currency  t pss s loss   o
 pos
® oods
© s
@ o

130
 LESSON 1
• distinct • elaboate • rdimentay
• dominant • exceptional • skeptical
• domant • genuine • stoic
• dab • hazadous • supefcial
• damatic • minuscule • vigoous
• eclectic • pime

distinct ad cey ce ee

v dticly syn eme
a dstcive
n dstnco

ee ws  distinct   cee  te est

Te tw tees e distinctly ee f ec e

domiat ad pr  pcp vg  execsg

v. domatly ct e setg
v. dome syn j
n. domitio

e doian e s  e Pezc e e  te we
Te skscpe dominat ed e ske

dormat aj.  gwg  pcg; seep

n. domtor syn. cte
Te c  ee domant  es  yes ee e
eupt s t
he ses e  te ew domitor.

dab ad. cg c eesg, g

v dbly syn cless
n dbess

e cg ws qe db

Te dabness  te eset e vg ess eestg.

131
ESSENIAL WODS OR THE OEFL

dramatic aj soeh h cpues he no

av drclly exc
v. drmtz s eool
 dr

e mti msh o he e le us speechless

e huce ati che he coslie

eclectic aj o selec o epese soehn chose

av. ccc fo  souces o plces
s ese
He hs  ti se  usc fo h oc o clsscl
e ti oup o sues cae fo ee ee coues

elaborate aj soehi wh  lge ube o pas;

a. bor ull o els
v bor s coplex
n. borio

A bot he ess ce  wh he Azec cout

Hs otio o he ssue ws que hoouh

exceptional aj uusul   posve wa

av xcpo s pheoel
e oches's pece ws xcptiol.
Te Noh S s ecptioy bh

genuine aj  hoes o ue el

av gu s uhec
 guess

She ws guiny cocee bou wol hue

s s  guin c fo he Aeca Cvl W.

hazardous aj. er sk, use

av hardous s aneous
 hard

Hl lable lquds s hzrdous

ee e ay hzds ole wh s  busness

132
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VCABULARY

mnscue aq  lle cequece e ll

aj mnue yn 
 mnut

Te le  he uldg hd  inuscule eec  he p  he

cp
Se lee e ceed h inute h

pime v.  ke ed;

aj. prmed *  pce   e
aj. pime•
 pme yn pepe

Te dec prd he c ee he pece

Mz ped  n he pr  h le

rdimenta aj ple;  cplex

. udmen yn. c
e h  rientay kledge  cpue
Te rimnt  g e ugh  al Eglh cle

skeptic aj.  que he thfle  

av. skepialy peeed  c;   t
 skep yn ucvced
Te pe  keptic u he hee  cle chge
 e h keptic, he ce peeed p  h cclu
 he ceece

stoic adj. hwg  e; ppeg deeed

av. socy yn dee
. socism

 oc ec  e ee uped h red

Hs oim  uuua, ce he  lly  el b.

133
ESSENTIAL WODS FOR THE TOEFL

supefcia aj smple no deep; nea he suce

a. uperfcaly syn. shllo
Te nspeco deemined h the cck in he bdge s only
spe,i
You should no ty o nse he queson sue,Uy.

vigorous aj. poefl. fll o cton

a. vigorousy syn. song
n. vgor

Hs iru deense o the ssues mpessed everone

He ppoched hs ok wh vio.

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MTCHG

Coose te syom

1 excepo 6 eboe
 dom  ggc
® dese ® mpessve
© peome © compex
@ ccepe @ dmc

2 soc 7 muscue
 dsoed  in
® dfee ® d
© hdous © d
@ sgtowd @ mjo

3 pepe 8. supec
 cocu  emoo
® dspy ® sg
© deped © sow
@ pme @ cuous

4. ececc 9 uhec
 vb  bsc
® eegzed ® vd
© med © geue
@ dvese @ udmer

5. dgeous 10. vgoous

® adous ® dom
® gd ® covee
© commoplce © uom
@ oebe @ sog

135
SSNA WRS R  F

SSON 10MLPE-CHOIC TST QUSTIONS

1 T dopm o cd os ws o ccompd

b czd sposb  od mc O mpo
dopm   cosucio d mc o pblc
spoo ssms ws  sblism o pke
ss Eps wod jo o o ob om
psso o k o  h o od  21 s o bd 
w o d p  s mac b colc os How
 s  s od  ws rudimenta, d mny
uss dd o kow ow o psI  ods
 wod rudimenta   pss s coss  mg o
 bo
® pzd
© wd
@ bsc

2 L s  ssm o commcio spcc o  m

c  s pm o-, sc  y olvd
-sc sic ssms  ody ps o sod
podcd b  m oc d pcd d pocssd b
  Dsp   t o s spok oo
 wod ad  superfci dcs mo m mos
ss    s  ssy sm 
sc d fco.
T wod superfci   pss s coss  m o
 c
® Jr
© xcpo
@ sow

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3  s  v ss d qds  d v 
sc   E   me pc  w s
g     E T  dstd d
ccd   v  sp   E
hs sp s    ss p  d
x Hwv  sp s cs c s
s  ss sc s  cb dd, 
d w vp  w  sd d qd pcs 
ssps
T wd prme   pss s css  n 
 c
® ds
© spc
@ dmc

4 Avdc s  s c f  ds  ps A 

s s  d s sks d zds s  da w
d cv; s d ccds p   s  w
B,  css w d pss s ply d 
  hadous, ps  ck
T wd hadous   pss s css   
 ss
® ds
© b
@ ccp

5 As  Ids Rvo dvpd    cr

   wdud s sps v w   
s-pwd  sps. Phenomen cs k pc 
 vr c  sp ds d p B  d1800s,
s cs csd  d   jsc wdd sp
 Dsp s ds   c wd ps f
 ws c w f s pce wd k
 wd phenomen  li pss s css   
 vs
® d
© cp
@ d

137
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

6 Reseh suggess h us t s gee ws he

he se gee keup heee esehes ske e
h 500 he  sg lg h ee ppu sgs
 see h 80 pee ee equ e  ue
 upe e e Tese esus supp he  h
us e s hee-ny he he se e
u e e exeptionally talented-   he he y
hpe  eg e pss
I sg h e he e exeptionally talented, he
uh es h
 us t s eey sue
® s eere shu su us
© he s lee e e  ue
@ s  sg g h  sg

7 I he s sees  he ees  he hee

pph h es s phee s he esu  
eee vus  gups C her hs eepe
 h    ees Se uh  he uee
ehv s dmc  upee hees  suh
eh e e eluve h y
he  dramatic i he pssge s ses  eg 
 gheg
® sve
© e
@ se

8 Fehes see s  pe e o he    . Te

  sh sue h eues  h he  
he fsh exe sg gs  gh  als  seeg
Fehes s  s supe su  see  he
 e eve ep Mny sgs  epee zes
ee  db puge ug he e,  s  he
 spge g puge
Te  db  he pssge s ses  eg 
 s
® ess
© gh
@ s

138
 HE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

9 Coc books be s coecos o esppe comc sips

d ook o  ie o he ow  he 93s he oe ed
e o see eeos o chde coc books oe de
wh heoc chces ho uh ce o eo he esppe
sp d -he coc book epese he dominant phc
hoog o he eeh ceu
Te od dominant  he psse s coses  e o
 o
® eboe
© s
@ cc

10 Te s ot o s exhb  smec  heee

k   udel epesee chcesic 
os s A s wh  bea smer hose h
he  distinct h 