CHAPTER 5 Functions and their Graphs In Problems 5.1-S.19, find the domain and range, and draw the graph, ofthe function determined by the given formula SA h)=4— x I ‘The domain consists of all real numbers, since _4~x* is defined for all x._ The range consists of all real ‘numbers = 4: solving the equation y=4—x* for x, we obtain x=+V4—y, which is defined when and only when y==4, The graph (Fig. 5-1) is a parabola with vertex at (0, 4) and the y-axis asits axis of symmetry, Fig. 51 Fig. 5-2 52 1 The domain consists ofall nonnegative real numbers, ‘The range consists ofall esl mmbers 0, ‘The graph (Fig. 5-2) is the lower half of the parabola. 4x = y* 83 H()=Va= The domain is the closed interval [~2,2], since V4—2" is defined when and only when 2?=4. The graph (Fig. 5-3) is the upper helfof the ctcle x°+ y*=4 with center atthe origin and radius 2, The range is the elosed interval [0,2 Fig. 54 84 UG)=VE=4, FF The domain consist of allx such that x22 or x=-2, since we must have x’=4. The graph (Fig. 5-4)is the part of the hyperbola_x*—y*=4 onorabove the x-axis. The range consists ofall nonnegative real numbers, 58 Vix)=[e~1h 1 The domain is the set of all real numbers. The range is the set of all nonnegative real numbers. The graph (Fig. 5-5) is the graph of y =[2| shifted one unit to the right. 2324 56 87 58 39 5.10 5.1 CHAPTERS flex) = [2x] = the greatest integer = 2x. I The domain consists ofall eal numbers. The range is the set ofall integers. The graph (Fig, 56) isthe graph of a step function, with each step of length} and height 1 Fig. 5-6 (2) = [1/3] Gee Problem 5.6) 1 The domain is the set ofall eal numbers and the range isthe set ofall integers. "The graph (Fig. 5-7) isthe raph ofa step function with cach step of length 3 and height 1 hee The domain is the set of all nonzero real numbers, and the range is the same set. The graph (Fig. 5-8) is the hyperbola xy =1 Fig. 58 I The domain isthe set of all real numbers # 1. ‘The graph (Fig, 5-9) is Fig. 5-8 shifted one unit to the right. ‘The range consists of all nonzero real numbers. HG) = —4e. The domain is the set of all real numbers, and the range is the same set. See Fig. 5-10, Fig. 510 Fig. 00 Seay =e I The domain and range are the set of all eal numbers. The graph (Fig. 5-11) i obtained by reflecting inthe x-axis that part of the parabola y =x" that lies to the right of the y-axis,saz 53 sad sas 5.16 6.17 FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS 25 3-x 5e-3 for x<1 for x>1 uw={ 1 The domain isthe set ofall real numbers. The graph (Fig. 5-12) consists of 190 half lines meeting at the point (2,2). The range is the set of all eal numbers = 2. Fig. 5-12 Fig. 5-13, J)= 1, fQ)=3, fla)= I The domain is (1 e-4 xr? 4), The range is (—1,3}. The graph (Fig. 5-13) consists of three points. Ge) = EAM I The domain is the set of all real numbers except ~2. Since G(x) x+2 ‘graph (Fig. 5-14) consists of all points on the line y= x2 except the point (~2, ~4) all real numbers except ~4 -2fore#-2, the The range is the set of Fig. S14 x it rs2 cs F The domain isthe set ofall real numbers. for x=2 and the right half ofthe ine the number 4 ‘The graph (Fig, 5-15) is made up ofthe left half of the ine y =x y=4 for x>2. The range consists of all real numbers = 2, plus fe) I The domain isthe set of all nonzero real numbers, ‘The graph (Fig, 5-16) isthe right half ofthe line y=1 for x>0, plus the left half of the line y=—1 for <0. ‘The range is {1, =I) Fig. 5-16 Fig. 517 lox if xs-t s@)-}20 if teed S41 if xe] 1 The domain is the set of all real numbers. The graph (Fig. 5-17) is a continuous curve consisting of three pieces: the half of the fine y=1~x to the left of the horizontal segment y=2_ between x=—1 and x=1, andthe part of the parabola. y=x°+1 tothe right of x= 1. ‘The range consists of all real numbers = 2.26 0 CHAPTERS ss nx) Horas it 2-3 BF The domain is the set of all real numbers. Since (a) © *3E—3) _ 143 for a3 and Mx)=x4+3 for x=3, the graph (Fig. 5:18) isthe straight ine y =x £3.° The range isthe set of all real numbers Fig. 5-18 519 Fn)= VF The domain is the set ofall real numbers. The graph (Fig. 5-19) isthe refletion io the line of the graph of y=." [See Problem 5.100.] The range isthe set of all real numbers. Fig, 5-19 5.20, Is Fig. $20 the graph of a function? I since (0,0) and (0,2) are on the graph, this cannot be the graph of a function y Fig, 5:20 Fig. 521 5.21 Is Fig, $21 the graph of a function? FF Since some vertical lines eut the graph in more than one point, this cannot be the graph of a function 5.22 Is Fig. 5:22 the graph of a function? I Since each vertical line cuts the graph in at most one point, this is the graph of a function$23 5.24 5.25 5.26 327 5.28 5.29 5.30 S30 FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS J) 27 Is Fig. 5.23 the graph ofa function? 1 Since each vertical line cuts the graph in at most one point, this is the graph ofa function, y Fig. 5.23 Find it formula the domain of f(x). ne fanction /(2) whore graph consists of all points (x, y) such that xy —2—0, aund spevity I f()=212°. The domain is the set of ail nonzero real numbers Fin fom fot son) who gph cont fal pin (sy) achat = HY, and ape the domain of f(x). FoxQ-yaity, x-ayalty, et Dex-h y and the domain is the set of all eal numbers different from ~1. xT svt Find a formula forthe funetion f(x) whose graph consists of all points (x,y) such that x? —2ay+y=0, and specify the domain of fi). 1 The given equation is equivalent to (x~ y and the domain is the set of all eal numbers. 0, x-y=0, yex, Thus, fl) In Problems 5.27-5.31, specify the domain and range of the given function. 1 19° GED I The domain consists ofall real numbers except 2and 3. To determine the range, set y= ——>t p G=DE=H and ste fr x. 22=5e4+(6~2)=0. Thich a ston when and oly when b—or= PoSEt6 Cs -a(o~1) 25-264 $1440. mintaditandonyit iy —1. Tshldswhen 90, and it y<0, hen ys —4.” Hence the range is. (0, +=) U(—=, 4 1 ver xis in the domain it and only if_x*<1. Thus, the domain is (1,1). To find the range, first note that g(s)>0. Then set_y=l/Vi-a? and solve for x. y= Ux), wtel—ly'z20. = Ly yet, ye. Thus, the range is [1, +2). ae) if -lexet way) I The domain is (~1, +). The graph consists ofthe open segment from (~1,0) 0 (1,2), pls the hal line of ye2 with x21. Hence, the range is the half-open interval (0, 2} xol if Osrs3 wo-(Tly it geres 1 The domain is (0,4). Inspection of the graph shows thet the range is [1,2] G(@)=|x|- F The domain is the set of all real numbers. To determine the range, note that G(x)=0 if x20, and G(x)= 2x if x<0. Hence, the range consists ofall nonnegative feal numbers.