Indices, Surds and Logarithms Indeks, Surd dan Logaritma 4.1 Laws of Indices Textbook: pp. 90 ~ 95 Hukum Indeks A. Simplify each of the following. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. L$4.1.1 (F Ly (a) 2p! x 3p? + p® (b) (23) (e) (ea xayt =2x3xpit7-6 8 x mE x6 x nS*6 oy = 6p* = 64m? (©) 7h? x (2h°)° = 7h? x sh! (a) (6a*b)? + (3ab2)* = Boa"? + 270506 1. ht x Wx 3. SKE Xx 7h? + KS 4. atx ab? 5. (5p%q2)) 6. (279) 7. (4953 + 6n2xn 8. (3xy*)? x (ey)? . Wk x (nk . = BRO 10, Gmn’yt x Simin? | an, 20°) 10p4q P yp, Wc x be?) * Bn? x 6? "BBE x bPe 45 18411 PL[i]B. Simplify each of the following. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. 841.4 (FIZ) L EXAMPLE 7 WX 3tt! _ (22x 3) x atE () pea ee 2 x 3x Bett SO (aby = (b) 5” 2¢5" +) 4. 52 ~ 10(5") + 25(5") (1 ~ 10 + 25) <— (16) = 165") ~ 2(5")(5!) + (5")(5*) — att = a x at Factorise. 5" is the common factor. Faktorkan. 5" ialah Jaktor sepsenya 2 2 DH y BEE apy geel = 844) 45* x 25% _ Is “get = 3 rH orth y grt? C. Solve the following problem. Solesaikan masalah berikut, L84.1.2 (PL3)(PL4} 1. The number of residents in Taman Aman is given by y = an* + 500, where a and n are constants, and x is the time in years after Taman Aman is developed. Given the number of residents in the 3rd year 4, 24 702" +3) — am 43 2s 6. +1 Et 1 yg 273 and the 5th year are 1 040 and 5 360 respectively. Find the values of a and n. Bilangan penduduk di Taman Aman diberi oleh y = an* + 500, dengan keadaan a dann ialah pemalar, dan x ialah masa dalam tahun selepas Taman Aman dibangunkan. Diberi bilangan penduduk pada tahun ke-3 dan tahun ke-5 masing- ‘masing ialah 1 040 orang dan 5 360 orang. Cari nilai a dan nila. 46 18411 PLE 184.12 PL(i}4.2 Laws of Surds Hukum Surd Textbook: pp. 9 ~ 108 A. Determine whether each of the following is a rational number or an irrational number. Tentukan sama ada setiap yang berikut ialah nombor nisbah atau nombor tak nisbah. L84.2.1 (PLA) ay) 7 = 2.645) cannot be written in the ratio form, 2. Thus, J7 is an irrational number. tidak dapat ditulls dalam bens svat, 2B. Maka, v7 jalah nombor tak nisbah. {Xjnores ‘A rational number can be witten in the ratio form, F \Nombor nisbah dapat tus chiar bere risan, 2. 1. 0.888. B. Write each of the following as a single surd. Cony) 1. 5 xia 16 x17 = = 6x7 . Simplify each of the following. Tulis setiap yang berikut sebagai surd tunggal. 84.2.2 (PL) £2. (24 +18 Permudahkan setiap yang berikut, L842.3 (PL2) 1. 5163 = 47 18 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3 4.172 +13 x16 2. 0.19 ae 3. F405 {Njnores Laws of surds: : Plaka sure + fax = + a+- 2. 3120 + 7120 =D. Simplify each of the following. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut, L842. (PLS) (PLA) 4, 22 , 26 + NE 13-14 6 +312, 6. 3122 - 16 48 18424 PLE. Solve each of the following problems. ‘Selesaikan setiap masalah berikut. LS4.2.5 (PL4) [PL5) 1. Solve the equation: 2, Solve the equation: Selesaikan persamaan: Selesaikan persamaan: {6-5x+2x=0 x-5ix+6=0 3. The diagram shows a triangle. 4. The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah segi tiga. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan segi empat tepat ABCD. i op L~ aa (G+ em Armen ® The area of the triangle is {10 cm?. Find the Given the area of the rectangle is (6 - {8) cm. height of the triangle. Find the values of k and m. Diberi luas segi empat tepat itu ialah (6 - 8) cm?. Cari Luas segi tic ialah 10 om?. Cari tinggi segi tiga itu. tuas segi tiga itu ialah {10 om’ 1991 segi tga itu. pe eat eo JL 49 18425 PL(1)(2}(3}4.3 Laws of Logarithms Hukum Logaritma A. Express each of the following in the logarithmic form. Ungkapkan setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk logaritma, 84.3.1 PLT) eoy 1, 243 = 35 PQ = 121° 1296 = 64 Tog, 1 296 = 4 TPs ie 4. P=? 5. Pts N= @& logN=x t Base_t ‘Asas B. Express each of the following in the index form. Ungkapkan setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk indeks. LS43.1 (FLT) ooo) log; 625 = 4 2. log, 49 = 2 I 128 = 7« Logarithmic me frm Bentuk 128 = logaritma sons Index form 9H I=* | 4. log, 8 5. p= log, k ‘Bentukindeks yea C. Find the value of each of the following. Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut. Ls4,3.1 [PL1) | ExamPLe 74 L. logig 28.5 2. logio> (a) logie 74 * - = = 0.8692 a Press Tekan: il LIGIE] (b) log, 64 4, log, 0.25 5. logis 1 = log, 2° = = 6 log (6) logs 1 =iog, 1 <0 =0 D. Simplify each of the following. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. L$4.3.2 (PLi) 1. log; at =logs[~_]~logs[~_] 3. log, 6 + log, x = log, 50 18431 PL{1 (213) 4] 18432 PL Textbook: pp. 109 121 3. loge 216 6. logy, 1 NOTES Laws of logarithms: Hukum logaritma: © logy xy = log, x + logy y * los $= log, x— logs y + fog, x" = m loge x 7DE, Simplify each of the following. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. 1843.3 (BL2)(PL3) | EXAMPLE / (a) log, 7 + 3 log, 10 - log, 200 (b) logy, m? + log, 4, - loge 64 rs = log, 7 + log, 10° - log, 200 = 9 log, m + log, 173 ~ logs 8° = log, 2X10" = 9 log, m + (~3) log, n- 2 loge 8 200 =9~-3-2 = log, 35 =4 1. 2 log, 18 + log, 14 ~ log, 63 3. 3 logy 15 ~ 2 log, 6 ~-F- log, 125 5. 4 log, x5)? G logy, x49 + 5 logy”) 2, log, 48 - 4 log, 6 + 3 log, 12 4. 5 log, pq + 2 log, p~ 3 log, q 6. 7 log, x? - log, Vy + log, 16 F. Determine the value of each logarithm by changing the base to base 10. Tentukan nilai bagi setiap logaritma dengan menukarkan asasnya kepada asas 10. L843.4 (Li) (SSOCCRRo Ee] | Sores . = Ode . Leal HE ledle * og 6 = 1 () logs 55 = 4 In loge 10 = Toga 3 ~OaeYESESSS ‘ae 0.325 1. log, 9 = 2. log, 0.62 = 3. login 51 1843.3 PL CIC LS 434 PLG. Solve each of the following equations. Selesaikan setiap persamaan yang berikut. LS4.3.5 (PLA) | EXAMPLE 7 logs (4x + 7) ~ logs 3 = 2 logs (4x +7) - log, 3 = 2 log; 4¥. 3 ax+7 2. log, (3x +2) ~ 1 = log, 8 H. Given that log, 2 Diberi bahawa log. 1. log, 5 + log, (x - 2)=1 3. logs (x ~ 1) + 2 = logs (7x - 3) x and logs 5 = y, express each of the following in terms of x and y. = x dan logs 5 = y, ungkapkan setiap yang berikut dalam sebutan x dan y. L$4.3.5 L EXAMPLE 7 $4 — tog, 2° = log, 3 (a) log; 35 =m Ge (b) logs 0.12 = logs ca = logs 2 - (log, 5 + log; 3°) log; 2. = 6 log; 2 ~ log; 5 ~ 2 log, 3 = 235 log, b= RE 26x -y-2 log; 8 Togea _ logs 3 ~-log, 25 ~~ Togs 2° = 108s 3 ~ 2logs § ~ 3 log, 2 1-2y “3x 1. log; 750 = log, 81 2. log; 200 52 1843.5 PL(1](21(3 [43. logs 3.75 = logs 18 = 5. logss 3 = © 6. loge 0. I. Solve each of the following problems. Selesaikan setiap masalah berikut. LS4.3.5 (PLS) 1. Solve the equation: The relationship between the water temperature, Selesaikan persamaan: T, and the volume of water, V, in a container is log; (4x - 7) + logs x° = 1 given by logs T - log); V = 1. Express T in terms of V. Hubungan antara suhu air, T, dan isi padu air, V, di dalam sebuah bekas diberi oleh logs T ~ logas V = Ungkapkan T dalam sebutan V. 53 1s4as PL(T)(2)(3)(4]4.4 Applications of Indices, Surds and Logarithms Testbook: pp. 122-123 Aplikasi Indeks, Surd dan Logaritma “Solve each of the following problems. Selesaikan setiap masalah berikut. 84.4.1 (PLS) (PLS) 2. Solve the equation: Selesaikan persamaan: 5 + 3/5" ~10=0 1. Solve the equation: Selesaikan persamaan: Pao ttl 3. Solve the equation: 4. Given that log, x + 9 log, y = 6, express y in terms of x. §] Selesaikan persamean: Diberi bahawa log, x + 9 log, y = 6, ungkapkan y dalam 2In3®—In(x41)=2 eee te 54 LS 4.4.1 PLTAnswer all the questions. Jawab semua soalan. 1. It is given that 5* = p, 5” = q and 5°*” = 25” — 2. Express q in terms of p. Diberi bahawa 5*= p, 5% = q dan 5"*2) = 25-2. Ungkapkan 4 dalam sebutan p. (4) 2. Given L is Find the value of k Diberi bahawa & ~ {80 + {45 = KNB, dengan keadean kialah pemalar. Cari nila k 120 + [45 = k5, where k is a constant. [4] age! 3. Given that 3437 = 1, express y in terms of x. 41, ungkapkan y dalam sebutan x. [4] 55 4, Given log, 3 = m and log, 4 = n, express log, 8x7 in terms of m and n. Diberi log, 3 = m dan tog, 4 =n, ungkapkan logs 8x? dalam sebutan m dan n. (5] 5. Simplify: Permudahi a 2+{3 J126. Given 2* = 7” = 56%, express'y in terms of x and z. Diberi 2* = 7. Solve the equation: Selesaikan persamaan: 56 loge 1 372 ~ logy: 2x = 36%, ungkapkan y dalam sebutan x dan 2. (6) ; state the conditions of x. nyatakan syarat-syarat bagi x. o (b) Given log, P= 3. express Pin terms of Q. Togeg 5 8. (a) Given log, N Diber' fog, N ungkapkan P dalam sebutan Q. 3 Diberitogs P= =o, [3] 9. Given {2 + J2" = 8”, express n in terms of m. Diberi 12" + 12 = 8", ungkapkan n dalam sebutan m. (4) 10. Solve the equation: Selesaikan persamaan: 1, 4 4 x+13 x= [5]Answer all the questions. Jawab semua soalan. 3” and y = 3”, Express 1, Itis given that can y = 3°. Ungkapkan Diberi bahawa x (@) gman om gymsin Ga dalam sebutan x dan y. in terms of x and y. 8) (b) logs, a in terms of m and n. loons 265% dalam sebutan m dan [5] 57 2. (a) Given that 3 = 2" and 8 = 94, find the value of 10hk. Diberi bahawa 3 = 2" dan 8 = 9A, car nilai YOhk. [3] (b) Solve the equation: Selesaikan persamaan: 2+) = 17,2F -8 [5]