In 2000 a Swiss foundation launched a campaign to determine the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Given that the original Seven Wonders list was compiled in the 2nd century BCE—and that only one
entrant is still standing (the Pyramids of Giza)—it seemed time for an update. And people around the
world apparently agreed, as more than 100 million votes were cast on the Internet or by text messaging.
The final results, which were announced in 2007, were met with cheers as well as some jeers—a number
of prominent contenders, such as Athens’s Acropolis, failed to make the cut. Do you agree with the new
list?
Great Wall of China
Great Wall of China near Beijing, China
Great Wall of China
© Digital Vision/Getty Images
Great might be an understatement. One of the world’s largest building-construction projects, the Great
Wall of China is widely thought to be about 5,500 miles (8,850 km) long; a disputed Chinese study,
however, claims the length is 13,170 miles (21,200 km). Work began in the 7th century BCE and
continued for two millennia. Although called a “wall,” the structure actually features two parallel walls
for lengthy stretches. In addition, watchtowers and barracks dot the bulwark. One not-so-great thing
about the wall, however, was its effectiveness. Although it was built to prevent invasions and raids, the
wall largely failed to provide actual security. Instead, scholars have noted that it served more as
“political propaganda.”
Chichén Itzá
The Castillo, a Toltec-style pyramid, rises 79 feet (24 meters) above the plaza at Chichen Itza in Yucatan
state, Mexico. The pyramid was built after invaders conquered the ancient Maya city in the tenth
century.
El Castillo, a Toltec-style pyramid, Chichén Itzá, Yucatán state, Mexico
© diegograndi/[Link]
Chichén Itzá is a Mayan city on the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, which flourished in the 9th and 10th
centuries CE. Under the Mayan tribe Itzá—who were strongly influenced by the Toltecs—a number of
important monuments and temples were built. Among the most notable is the stepped pyramid El
Castillo (“The Castle”), which rises 79 feet (24 meters) above the Main Plaza. A testament to the
Mayans’ astronomical abilities, the structure features a total of 365 steps, the number of days in the
solar year. During the spring and autumnal equinoxes, the setting sun casts shadows on the pyramid
that give the appearance of a serpent slithering down the north stairway; at the base is a stone snake
head. Life there was not all work and science, however. Chichén Itzá is home to the largest tlachtli (a
type of sporting field) in the Americas. On that field the residents played a ritual ball game popular
throughout pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.
Petra
The Al Khazneh Treasury building at Petra, a historic archaeological city in Ma'an, Jordan. Rock cut
architecture. (UNESCO World Heritage Site; Petra Archaeological Park)
the Khaznah
© Lovrencg/Fotolia
The ancient city of Petra, Jordan, is located in a remote valley, nestled among sandstone mountains and
cliffs. It was purported to be one of the places where Moses struck a rock and water gushed forth. Later
the Nabataeans, an Arab tribe, made it their capital, and during this time it flourished, becoming an
important trade center, especially for spices. Noted carvers, the Nabataeans chiseled dwellings, temples,
and tombs into the sandstone, which changed color with the shifting sun. In addition, they constructed a
water system that allowed for lush gardens and farming. At its height, Petra reportedly had a population
of 30,000. The city began to decline, however, as trade routes shifted. A major earthquake in 363 CE
caused more difficulty, and after another tremor hit in 551, Petra was gradually abandoned. Although
rediscovered in 1912, it was largely ignored by archaeologists until the late 20th century, and many
questions remain about the city.
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu, Peru
Machu Picchu, Peru
© Digital Vision/Getty Images
This Incan site near Cuzco, Peru, was “discovered” in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, who believed it was
Vilcabamba, a secret Incan stronghold used during the 16th-century rebellion against Spanish rule.
Although that claim was later disproved, the purpose of Machu Picchu has confounded scholars.
Bingham believed it was home to the “Virgins of the Sun,” women who lived in convents under a vow of
chastity. Others think that it was likely a pilgrimage site, while some believe it was a royal retreat. (One
thing it apparently should not be is the site of a beer commercial. In 2000 a crane being used for such an
ad fell and cracked a monument.) What is known is that Machu Picchu is one of the few major pre-
Columbian ruins found nearly intact. Despite its relative isolation high in the Andes Mountains, it
features agricultural terraces, plazas, residential areas, and temples.
