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Present Simple
Present Simple tense
The Present Simple tense is the most basic tense in English and uses the
base form of the verb (except for the verb be). The only change from the
base is the addition of s for third person singular.
How do we make the Present Simple tense?
There are two basic structures for the Present Simple:
1. Positive sentences
2. Negative and question sentences
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Look at these examples with the main verb like:
From the above table, notice the following points...
For positive sentences:
There is no auxiliary verb.
We conjugate the main verb by adding s to the third person singular.
For negative and question sentences:
The auxiliary verb (do) is conjugated in the Present Simple: do, does
The main verb is invariable in base form: base
For negative sentences, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.
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BE GOING TO – FUTURE PLANS AND PREDICTIONS
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Be going to – Form
Be going to consists of the present continuous of the verb go (I’m going, you are going, etc.)
+ to infinitive form of the main verb.
When the main verb is go
When the main verb is go, we can exclude it if we want.
I’m going shopping this afternoon. (=I’m going to go shopping this afternoon.)
We are going to Cyprus next summer. (=We are going to go to Cyprus next
summer. )
Be going to – use
Predictions
We use be going to to talk about something that we see is going to happen (there is present
evidence).
Don’t drive like a crazy man. We’re going to have an accident!
The doctor said I’m going to have a girl.
Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.
Intentions or plans
We use be going to for intentions or plans (decisions taken before the moment of speaking).
‘Why are you undressing?’ ‘Because I’m going to go for a swim.’
We are going to have a drink after work. Do you want to come?
Future time expressions
We often use be going to with future time expressions (tomorrow, next week, etc.).
We are going to play cards tonight.
She’s going to study biology next year.
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Direction Prepositions
The following prepositions are used to indicate direction. Direction prepositions are special because they show
some type of movement. The images below demonstrate the direction of the red ball in relation to the blue
object. (Example: The red ball is rolling away from the blue box.) Scroll down for example sentences, usage
notes, and direction preposition exercises.
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Past Simple Tense
The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterite, is used to talk about a completed action in a time before
now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The time of the action can be in the recent past
or the distant past and action duration is not important.
Examples
John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
My father died last year.
He lived in Fiji in 1976.
We crossed the Channel yesterday.
You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated with certain past
time expressions
frequency: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.
a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night
an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago
People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.
Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is placed after the period of
time: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.
Be Careful: The simple past in English may look like a tense in your own language, but the meaning may be different.
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Forming
Patterns of simple past tense for regular verbs
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Notes on affirmative, negative, & interrogative forms
Affirmative
The affirmative of the simple past tense is simple.
I was in Japan last year
She had a headache yesterday.
We did our homework last night.
Negative and interrogative
For the negative and interrogative simple past form of "to do" as an ordinary verb,
use the auxiliary "did", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
The negative of "have" in the simple past is usually formed using the
auxiliary "did", but sometimes by simply adding not or the contraction "n't".
The interrogative form of "have" in the simple past normally uses the
auxiliary "did".
Examples
They weren't in Rio last summer.
We didn't have any money.
We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
We didn't do our exercises this morning.
Were they in Iceland last January?
Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?
Note: For the negative and interrogative form of all verbs in the simple past, always
use the auxiliary 'did''.
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Simple past, irregular verbs
Some verbs are irregular in the simple past. Here are the most common
ones.
to go
He went to a club last night.
Did he go to the cinema last night?
He didn't go to bed early last night.
to give
We gave her a doll for her birthday.
They didn't give John their new address.
Did Barry give you my passport?
to come
My parents came to visit me last July.
We didn't come because it was raining.
Did he come to your party last week?
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Past Continuous
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made from, made of, made with
The past participle made can be followed by the
prepositions from, of and with.
Made from is used to refer to how something is manufactured.
Bricks are made from a mixture of clay, sand and straw.
Made of is used to refer to the material with which something is
manufactured.
The most delicate tree ornaments are made of glass.
Made with refers to the ingredients used to make food and drinks.
This vegan chocolate cake is made with chick peas and beets. It’s delicious!
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(Should) for advice
Giving advice refers to when we tell other people what we think
could help them. The most common way to give advice is by using
the modal verb 'should'. There are also other forms including,
'ought to' and 'had better' which are more formal. You can also use
the second conditional to give advice.
There are a number of formulas used when giving advice in English.
Here are some of the most common:
You should see a doctor.
I don't think you should work so hard.
You shouldn't work so hard.
Advice Construction
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Present Perfect Expressions
just, yet, never, already, ever, since, for
1) Ever:
Have you ever seen a whale?
= At anytime in your past did you see a whale?
(Used in yes/no questions just before the p.p.)
2) Never:
I have never visited England.
= I have never visited England at any time in the past.
(Used in statements before the p.p.)
3) Already:
I have already read that book.
= at some time of the past I read it.
(Used in statements before the p.p.)
4) Just:
I have just finished my work.
(Used in the statements before the p.p.)
5) Yet:
Why haven’t you finished yet?
She hasn’t seen him yet.
(Used at the end of the negative questions and statements)
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