Triangles

QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

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Triangles

On the basis of sides of Triangle

Equilateral Triangle
A triangle whose all the sides are equal is called an equilateral trian-
gle.
Here, ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle because AB = BC = CA,

And also, all the angles of an equilateral triangle are equal

i.e .∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°.

Isosceles Triangle

A triangle whose two sides are equal is called an isosceles triangle.

Here, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle because AB = AC

Also, angles opposite to equal sides are equal i.e.

In this figure ∠B = ∠C.

Scalene Triangle
A triangle whose all sides are different in length is called a sca-
lene triangle.

Here, ∆ABC is a scalene triangle because AB ≠ BC ≠ CA.

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On the basis measurement of angles of

Triangle

Acute-angled Triangle

A triangle whose all angles are less than 90° is called an acute
angle triangle.

Here, ∆ABC is an acute angled triangle because (∠A, ∠B,

∠C) < 90°.

Right-angled Triangle
A triangle whose one angle is 90° is called a right angled triangle.

Here, ∆ABC is aright angled triangle because ∠B = 90°.

Obtuse-angled Triangle
A triangle whose one angle is more than 90° is called an
obtuse angled triangle.

Here, ∆ABC is an obtuse angled triangle because ∠B> 90°

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Properties of Triangle

Similar Triangles
If the angles of a triangle are equal to the corresponding angles of another triangle,
then the triangles are similar to each other.

If ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E and ∠C = ∠F

So, ∆ABC ~∆DEF and, sign (~) represents similarity of triangles.

Points to Remember

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Congruent Triangles

Two triangles are said to be congruent if they coincide each other when we place one trian-
gle on another.

If ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E and ∠C = ∠F and also AB = DE, BC = EF and AC = DF

Then, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF and vice versa

Here sign (≅ ) represents the congruency and vice versa.

Properties of Congruency
S – A – S (side – angle – side)

When two sides and angle between them of a triangle are equal to the two corresponding
sides and the angle between them of another triangle, then two triangles are congruent to
each other.

Here, AB = DE, ∠A = ∠D and AC = DF

So, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF

S – S – S (side – side – side)

When all sides of a triangle are equal to the corresponding sides of another triangle, then
both triangles are congruent to each other.

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Here, AB = DE, BC = EF and AC = DF

So, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF

A – S – A (angle – angle – side)

If two angles and the side between them of a triangle are equal to the corresponding two
angles and the side between them of another triangle, then both triangles are congruent.

Here, ∠A = ∠D, AB = DE and ∠B = ∠E

So, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF

R – H – S (right angle – hypotenuse – side)

If hypotenuse and one side of a right angled triangle is equal to the corresponding hypotenuse
and one side of another triangle, then both the triangles are congruent to each other.

Here, ∠B = ∠E = 90°, AC = DF and AB = DE

So, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF

Angle Bisector
A line which divides an angle of a triangle into two equal
parts is called an angle bisector of that angle of triangle.

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Points to Remember
For angle bisector as shown in the above diagram,

In-center of Triangle
The point of intersection of angle bisectors of a triangle is called in-center of triangle
or the center of circle which touches the sides of a triangle internally is called in-
center of triangle.

Points to Remember
 Incenter of a traingle is denoted by I.

 If I be the in-center of a ∆ABC, then

 ∠BIC = 90° + ∠A/2, ∠AIB = 90° + ∠C/2, ∠BIC = 90° + ∠B/2

Perpendicular Bisector

A line which bisects the side of a triangle at an angle of 90° is

called perpendicular bisector.

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Circumcentre
The point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of sides of a triangle is called circum-
center of triangle or the center of circle which passes through the vertices of a triangle is
called the circumcenter of the triangle.

Points to Remember
If O is the circumcenter of a ∆ABC, then

∠BOC = 2 ∠A, ∠AOB = 2 ∠C and ∠AOC = 2 ∠B

Median of triangle
A line joining the vertices of a triangle to the middle point of
opposite side of triangle is called the median of triangle.

Centroid of triangle
The point of intersection of medians of a triangle is called cen-
troid of triangle.

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Points to Remember
 Usually centroid is denoted by G.
 if G be the centroid of a triangle and D, E and F are the mid points of BC, AC and AB, then
AG : GD = BG : GE = CG : GF = 2 : 1
 Median divides a triangle in two equal part (i.e. Equal in area).
 From above figure, ar(∆ABD) = ar(∆ACD), ar(∆BCE) = ar(∆BAE), ar(∆ACF) = ar(∆BCF)
 AD + BE + CF = (AB + BC + AC)/2

Altitude of triangle

Perpendicular lines drawn from the vertices of triangle to the op-

posite sides of triangle are called the altitudes of triangle.

Orthocenter
Orthocenter is the point of intersection of the altitudes of triangle.

Points to Remember
 If O is the orthocenter of a triangle, then
 ∠BOC + ∠A = 180°, ∠AOB + ∠C = 180°, ∠AOC + ∠B = 180°
 Here, AB + BC + AC > AD + BE + CF

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Pythagoras Theorem
In any right angled triangle AB2 + BC2 = AC2, where ∠B = 90°

Mid-point Theorem
If D and E are the mid points of side AB and AC, then

DE = ½ BC and DE || BC.

Points to Remember
If D, E and F are the mid points of the sides AB, AC and BC of ∆ABC, then
DE = ½ BC, DF = ½ AC, EF = ½ AB and ar (∆ADE) = ar (∆BDF) = ar (∆DEF) = ar
(∆EFC) = ¼ ar (∆ABC)

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