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org
Seminar
On
Human-Computer
Interface
Submitted To: Submitted By:
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Content
Introduction
What is an Interface?
What Tools are Used?
Human-Computer Interface
Interfacing
Computer Match
Virtual Reality
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Icons
Main Features
Other Interface Devices
References
Introduction
Understand the need to facilitate an effective dialogue
between humans and machines.
Explain the need to design systems which are appropriate to
users at all levels and in different environments, e.g. the
impact of clarity of structure and layout.
Describe how the user-interface can be designed for
effective communication with the user.
Describe the advantages of common user interfaces
between different generic application packages.
Describe the advantages and limitations of a natural
language interface.
What is an Interface?
A point where two objects meet.
A point where the human can tell the computer what
to do.
• A point where the
computer displays the
requested information.
What Tools are Used?
A keyboard, for typing,
A mouse, for clicking,
A scanner, for copying,
A camera, for images,
A monitor, for displaying,
A printer, for printing,
A sound card. For audio,
A DVD, for video,
Human-Computer Interface
A human and a computer communicates.
A human usually has 5 senses:
Sight,
Hearing,
Touch,
Taste,
Smell,
A computer hasn’t any senses as such, it is machinery, with
electrons running around in and out of component devices.
Interfacing
Computer Match
A good interface match would include as many senses as
possible.
Computer input and output is basically seeing what we enter
and what is displayed.
Sound can be added to some programs, either by giving
instructions by voice, or listening to a commentary / music.
Touch can be in the form of using the mouse, a joystick, or a
drawing tablet.
Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality is a computer interface.
The applications programs combine the interfaces already
mentioned to give a simulated three dimensional world of
sight, sound, touch and movement.
Interaction may be made through special equipment such as:
spectacles, gloves, sound systems, and the computer and
monitor.
As these types of interfaces develop and become more
advanced (realistic) through high level programming, so the
human use will become more common and so it will seem to be
similar to communication with other humans.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Used on computers first by Apple Macintosh, and
afterwards by Microsoft.
The memory and file management are done by the
operating system while applications are running –
Multi-Tasking.
A mouse is used to point and click on icons instead
of typing in a command.
Dialogue boxes, menus, icons, toolbars etc form
the window on the computer screen.
Icons
Main Features
Mouse: main input device, it moves the cursor across the
screen. Left click for selection, Right click for a shortcut
drop-down menu.
Windows: many can be opened at the same time allowing
for simple transfer of data between them.
Toolbar Menus: that drop-down when clicked.
Pointers: a pen may be used to point and draw using a
graphics tablet.
GUI
Standardisation
The GUI is very similar in different applications.
In an integrated package it will be almost identical from
application to application.
Word
Power Point
Excel
Common Features
Users get used to an operating system.
Commands are similar, keys and click perform the
same tasks.
Learning is achieved faster throughout different
applications.
Consistency in screen layout; menus, dialogue boxes,
and error messages.
Customisation is similar in applications.
On-line help is offered in a similar way.
In business users are much more efficient in their
work if using common facilities.
Control
The GUI controls the hardware, i.e. the use of memory,
storage, printers.
It can influence how the user interacts with the program
they are working on.
Being able to Open, Save, Print, and use Help in a word
processor means the user can do it in a spreadsheet, a
database etc without any further training.
This makes it much easier to transfer skills from one
application to another.
Menus (Whole Screen)
Menus (Pop Up)
Menus (Pop Up [mouse right click])
Menus (Pull Down)
Disabled Users
There are many featured designed for disabled
users.
A visually impaired person may be unable to use
the GUI features, and find that typing in
commands are easier. The printed output may be
produced on Braille.
A hearing impaired person may be able to use
speech commands and listen to the output through
speakers. This may also be a preferred method for
users with other disabilities who cannot use a
keyboard and mouse.
Forms
A type of user interface
(dialogue box), for
entering or viewing
data.
Features: text boxes,
labels, and buttons.
Command Driven Interfaces
Had to type in a command.
The syntax had to be correct.
Difficult for inexperienced users.
Example above: Microsoft DOS, and UNIX.
Advantages: Powerful, Quick, and Flexible.
Disadvantages: Difficult, need experience, Syntax difficult to
remember, typing mistakes!
Natural Language
Normal speech recognised by a computer is Natural Language
Interface. Talk to a computer and it recognises what we want.
Natural means human-like, and the
technology is leaning towards getting computers to behave in a
more natural way.
Pointer Based
Using a pen like stylus on a
special pad or tablet.
Used in freehand graphics,
and CAD using special
software that recognises the
shape and style of the lines.
Could also be a touch
sensitive screen.
All are easy to use and more
natural than using a mouse.
Other Interface Devices
Mouse.
Keyboard.
Touch sensitive pad.
Speech recognition.
References
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.studymafia.org
Thanks
