Moät caâu ñieàu kieän coù hai meänh ñeà: meänh ñeà chæ ñieàu kieän (töùc meänh

ñeà
phuï) coøn ñöôïc goïi laø meänh ñeà coù if (If-clause) vaø meänh ñeà chæ keát quaû coøn
ñöôïc goïi laø meänh ñeà chính (main clause).
- If he works harder, he will succeed in his examination.
(if-clause) (main clause)
Chuùng ta cuõng coù theå ñaët meänh ñeà chính ôû ñaàu caâu :
- He will succeed in his examination if he works harder.
Trong tieáng Anh coù 3 loaïi caâu ñieàu kieän chính :
I.Type I
(The real present or future conditional senntence)
Form
If Clause Main clause
Simple present Simple future
(Will/ shall/ can + bare- inf)
If + S +V (simple present)+ S + Will/ shall/ can + bare- inf
Eg :If you don’t study, you won’t pass your exam / If my headache disappears,we
can play tennis
Usage: ĐiÒu kiÖn nµy dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ mét sù viÖc cã kh¶ n¨ng x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i hoÆc
t¬ng lai.
Note: MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh : Thay cho Simple future ta cã thÓ dïng : may/
might/can /must /should/ had better +bare inf, hay Imperative form khi
muèn thÓ hiÖn sù yªu cÇu, ®Ò nghÞ, cho phÐp.....
Present simple khi chØ mét ®iÒu kiÖn cã thùc
MÖnh ®Ò phô :Thay cho Present tense ta cã thÓ sö dông Present
continuous ,present perfect
Eg :If you are right, I’m wrong
If you see him tomorrow, tell him that I want to see him
II.Type II (Present unreal condition sentences)
Form:
If clause Main clause
Simple past Present Conditional (would/should +bare inf)
If +S +V (simple past) +S + Would /Could /Might + bare inf
Usage: ChØ nh÷ng sù viÖc tr¸i víi sù thùc ë hiÖn t¹i hoÆc t¬ng lai
-If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.
-If she didn’t speak so quickly , I could understand her.
-I could go out to night If I didn’t have to study
-If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
-She would tell, you about it if she were here
-If today were Sarturday , I could goto the beach.
* “Would be doing” thay thÕ cho “Would do” ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh.
Eg: If I were on holiday in Doson, I would be lying in the sun now.
*”Past continuous ” cã thÓ thay thÕ cho “past simple” ë mÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn
Eg: If my car were working, I could drive you to the station
-Chó ý : §éng tõ Be ta dïng Were víi tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i ,trong v¨n nãi cã thÓ dïng was víi
( I, He , She , It)
3.Type III : Past unreal conditional sentence
Form:
If clause Main clause
Past perfect Perfect conditional (would, should,....)+ have + PII
If +S + V (past perfect)+ S +Would /Could /Might + Have + Past Participle
Use : §iÒu kiÖn kh«ng cã thùc trong qu¸ khø ®Ó diÔn t¶ nh÷ng t×nh huèng tr¸i víi thùc
tÕ trong qu¸ khø
-If I hadn’t lost my way , I would have arrived sooner.
-Ann would have sold the house if she had found the right buyer
-If I had known that you were there , I would have writen you letter.
*MÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn cã thÓ ®øng tríc hoÆc sau mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh.
*”Would have been doing” cã thÓ dïng thay thÕ cho “ would have done ” ë mÖnh ®Ò
chÝnh
Eg : At the time of the accident. I was sitting in the back of the car because
Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him in front.
If Tom’s boy hadn’t been there I would have been sitting in front
*”Had been doing” cã thÓ dïng thay thÕ cho “ had done “ ë mÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn
-I was wearing a seatbelt .If I hadn’t been wearing one, I’d been seriously
injured.
*Trong mÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn, ta cã thÓ thay liªn tõ “If ” b»ng “ Unless”
(nÕu .....kh«ng,trõ phi). “Unless” t¬ng ®¬ng víi “If not”
-If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam
--->Unless you study hard, you’ll fail in the exam
-If she doesn’t water these trees, they will die
--->Unless she waters these trees, they will die.
*Khi ta ®æi mét c©u ®iÒu kiÖn víi tõ nèi “ IF ” sang “UNLESS”, nhí lu ý trêng hîp
mÖnh ®Ò “IF” ë thÓ kh¼ng ®Þnh kh«ng ®îc ®æi sang thÓ phñ ®Þnh khi dïng Unless
mµ ph¶i ®æi mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh sang thÓ ngîc l¹i
-If I have time, I’ll help you
---> Unless I have time, I won’t help you
-If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster
Ta cã thÓ rót gän c«ng thøc sau:
IF - clause ---->unless
ThÓ phñ ®Þnh --->kh¼ng ®Þnh (mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh kh«ng ®æi)
ThÓ kh¼ng ®Þnh --->kh¼ng ®Þnh (®æi ®éng tõ trong mÖnh chÝnh sang thÓ
ngîc l¹i)
* Ta chỉ sử dụng “unless” trong câu điều kiện loại I (giả định một việc có thể xảy ra
ở hiện tại và tương lai)
- Không sử dụng “unless” trong câu hỏi.
Ta có thể sử dụng: What will you do if he doesn’t come? (Bạn sẽ làm gì nếu anh ấy không
đến?)
Nhưng ta KHÔNG sử dụng: What will you do unless he comes?
5.Ta còng cã thÓ diÔn t¶ c©u ®iÒu kiÖn mµ kh«ng cÇn If hay Unless b»ng c¸ch
®¶o chñ ng÷ ra sau ®éng tõ should (loại 1) Were (loại 2) hoÆc Had (trong lo¹i 3).
-If there is a delay, there will be an announcement
Loại 1 --->Should there be a delay, there will be an announcement
Loại 2- Were I rich, I would help you.
(= If I were rich, I would help you.)
+ Nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề “If” là một động từ thường, KHÔNG phải là động từ
“to be” thì ta vẫn mượn “Were” đảo lên trước chủ ngữ nhưng động từ thường theo sau phải
có dạng “to + V(nguyên thể).
 Were + S + to + V(nguyên thể), S + would/ should + V(nguyên thể)
- Câu điều kiện chứa “if”: If my mother stayed at home now, she would cook a lot of
delicious food. (Nếu mẹ của tôi ở nhà bây giờ, bà ấy sẽ nấu rất nhiều thức ăn ngon.)
-> Câu đảo ngữ: Were my mother to stay at home now, she would cook a lot of delicious
food. (Nếu mẹ của tôi ở nhà bây giờ, bà ấy sẽ nấu rất nhiều thức ăn ngon.)
Loại 3- Had he known the truth, he would have been very angry.
(= If he had known the truth, he would have been very angry)
*. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại hỗn hợp (Mixed Conditional Sentence)
Đảo ngữ câu loại này giống đảo ngữ vế If của câu điều kiện loại III
Cấu trúc: 
Had + S + (not)P2/Ved, S + would/could + V
VD: If I hadn't told her about this, she wouldn't be sad now. => Had I not
told her about this, she wouldn't be sad now. 
6.Provided (that), On condition (that), as long as , so long as ( miÔn lµ ,víi
®iÒu kiÖn lµ) :Suppose, supposing (gi¶ sö nh) ,In case (ë trong trêng hîp),
Even if (ngay c¶ khi, dï cho).... cã thÓ dïng thay cho if trong c©u ®iªu kiÖn,
Ex: In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.
7.C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 0 (Zero conditional sentences)
+C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 0 diÔn ®¹t nh÷ng gi¶ thiÕt lu«n ®óng ë hiÖn t¹i hoÆc qu¸ khø
+Trong c¶ 2 mÖnh ®Ò ®éng tõ dïng ë th× hiÖn t¹i ®¬n (hiÖn t¹i) hoÆc qu¸ khø
®¬n( qu¸ khø)
-If you cook water, it boils at 100 C
-If you heat ice ,it turns to water.
-If anyone interrupts him, he gets angry
-If you didn’t know any English, why did you offter to give him English
lessons?
-If you knew the mushrooms were poisonous, Why did you still eat it?
8.C©u ®iÒu kiÖn hçn hîp(mixed type)
a.If + S + had done, S + would + V inf/would be Ving
-If I had worked harder at school, I would be siting in a comfortable office, I
wouldn’t be sweeping the streets
-The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed.
If I had caught that plane, I would be dead now.
b.IF S +qu¸ khø ®¬n gi¶n , S + Would have done
-If I were as intelligent as you, I would have passed the entrance
examination last year.
-If my son were as well-qualified as yours, he would have applied for the job
9.MÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn ®îc thay thÕ b»ng BUT FOR
But for + (N) =If weren’t +(N)
it +for
V-ing hadn’t been for V-ing
the fact that the fact that
-If the salary were not high, the job wouldn’t be worth doing
=-But for the high salary, the job wouldn’t be worth doing
=-If it weren’t for the high salary , the job wouldn’t be worth doing
-If the weather hadn’t been so bad , we would have enjoyed the journey
=-But for the bad weather, we would have enjoyed the journey
=-If it hadn’t been for the bad weather, we would have enjoyed the journey
10.C©u ®iÒu kiÖn cã Otherwise/Or/Or else (NÕu kh«ng th×)
 -Give me the money or/ or else I’ll kill you.
=- If you don’t give me the money,I’ll kill you.
-You should come back before 10.00 pm. Otherwise, you’ll be locked
outside
=If you don’t come back before 10.00 pm. You’ll be locked outside.
-I used my father’s car. I would have been late, otherwise
=-If I hadn’t used my father’s car. I would have been late.
11.C©u ®iÒu kiÖn cã Should/will ë mÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn
Sử dụng: “should/ should happen to” trong câu điều kiện loại I để nhấn mạnh giả
định KHÓ có thể xảy ra:
If + S + should/ should happen to + Vinf, S + will + V(ngthể)
Ví dụ:
- If you should go to the zoo with us tomorrow, we will be very happy. (Nếu bạn đi tới sở
thú với chúng tớ vào ngày mai, chúng tớ sẽ rất vui.)
Khi ta thấy “should” sử dụng mệnh đề “If” của câu điều kiện loại I ta hiểu rằng giả định
này khó có thể xảy ra.
-If you should see Ann, could you ask her to ring me
-If you will stay out (=insist on staying out) late,you will get tired.
2. Sử dụng: “may/might” trong mệnh đề chính của câu điều kiện loại I để nhấn mạnh
khả năng sự việc có thể xảy ra cao.
if + S + V/V(s/es), S + may/might + V(ngthể)
If it gets darker and darker, we may/might stop looking for him until tomorrow morning.
(Nếu trời ngày càng tối hơn, chúng ta sẽ dừng việc tìm kiếm anh ấy cho đến sáng ngày
mai.)
Ta thấy trong mệnh đề chính có sử dụng “may/might” nên ta hiểu câu này muốn nhấn
mạnh việc sẽ dừng việc tìm kiếm lại đợi đến sáng hôm sau.
12.MÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn cã thÓ rót gän thµnh without/thank to + côm danh tõ
- Without water, we couldn’t exist= If there weren’t any water, we couldn’t
exist.
-If he hadn’t lent us the money, we wouldn’t have been able to buy the
house
=- Without his money, we wouldn’t have been able to buy the house

13. Một số BIẾN THỂ có thể có của các cụm động từ trong các vế của câu điều kiện:

1.LOẠI I
A. Biến thể của cụm động từ trong mệnh đề chính (main clause):
- Đối với trường hợp thể hiện sự đồng ý, cho phép, gợi ý
If + present simple, S + may/can + V-inf.
Ví dụ. If it stops raining, we can go out.
- Đối với câu gợi ý, khuyên răn, đề nghị hoặc yêu cầu nhưng nhấn
mạnh về hành động
If + present simple, S+ would like to/must/have to/should... + V-
inf.
Ví dụ. If you go to the library today, I would like to go with you.
If you want to lose weight, you should do some exercise.
- Đối với trường hợp có thể xảy ra trong tương lai và nhấn mạnh trạng
thái diễn ra/hoàn thành của sự việc
If + present simple, S + future continuous/future perfect.
Vídụ:
If we leave Hanoi for Hue today, we shall be staying in Hue tomorrow.
If you do your home work right now, you will have finished it in 2 hours'
time.
- Đối với câu mệnh lệnh (chủ ngữ ẩn ở mệnh đề chính)
If + present simple, (do not) V-inf.
Ví dụ. If you are hungry, go to a restaurant.
If you feel cold, don't open the door.
- Đối với câu khuyên răn, trong trường hợp này không thực sự là một
câu điều kiện bởi "if" mang nghĩa như "as, since, because"
If + present simple, why do (not) + V-inf.
Ví dụ: If you like the movie, why don't you go to the cinema?

B. Biến thể của cụm động từ trong mệnh đề điều kiện (if-clause)
- Đối với trường hợp đang xảy ra ngay trong hiện tại
If + present continuous, S + simple future.
Ví dụ. If he is working, I won't disturb him.
If you are doing exercises, I shall wait.
If I am playing a nice game, don't put me to bed.(tương đương simple
future)
- Đối với trường hợp không chắc về thời gian của điều kiện có thật
mà nhấn mạnh tính hoàn tất của nó
If + present perfect, simple future.
Ví dụ. If you have finished your homework, I shall ask for your help.
- Đối với câu gợi ý nhưng nhấn mạnh về điều kiện
If + would like to + V-inf, S+ will/can/must/nothing + V-inf.
Ví dụ. If you would like to go to the library today, I can/will go with
you.
- Đối với câu đề nghị, gợi ý, bày tỏ ý kiến mang tính lịch sự
If + S+ can/may/must/have to/should/be going to + V-inf, S +
simple future.
Ví dụ. If I can help you, I will.
If I may get into the room now, I shan't feel cold.
If I must/have to take the oral test, I shall feel afraid.
If you are going to go to University, you must study hard before an
entrance examination.
If you should see her tomorrow, please tell her to phone me at once.
(tương đương probably)
Lưu ý: Trong câu "if + S + should + V-inf.", should có thể được đưa lên
đầu câu thay "if"
If + S + Should + V-inf., S + simple future.
Ví dụ. Should you see him on the way home from work, please tell him to
call on me
Tương tự như vậy, ta có một số biến thể ít phổ biến hơn của cụm động từ
đối với GIẢ ĐỊNH KHÔNG CÓ THỰC (unreal conditions loại II và III),
tuỳ vào việc muốn nhấn mạnh và trạng thái diễn tiến hay hoàn thành của
sự việc trong mệnh đề điều kiện hoặc sự việc trong mệnh đề chính.

2.LOẠI II
A. Mệnh đề chính (main clause)
- If + past simple, S + would/should/could/might/had to/ought to + be
V-ing.
Ví dụ. If we left Hanoi for Hue this morning, we would be staying
in Hue tomorrow.
- If + past simple, S + past simple. (việc đã xảy ra)
Ví dụ. If the goalkeeper didn't catch the ball, they lost.
- If + past simple, S + would be + V-ing.
Ví dụ. If I were on holiday with him, I would/might be touring Italy now.
- If dùng như "as, since, because" có thể kết hợp với động từ ở nhiều
thì khác nhau trong mệnh đề chính và không thực sự là một câu điều
kiện.
Ví dụ. If you knew her troubles, why didn't you tell me?
B. Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause)
- If + past continuous, S + would/could + V-inf.
Ví dụ. If we were studying English in London now, we could speak
English much better.
- If + past perfect, S + would/could + V-inf.
Ví dụ. If you had taken my advice, you would be a millionaire now.

3. LOẠI III
A. Mệnh đề chính (main clause)
- If + past perfect, S + could/might + present perfect.
Ví dụ. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.
- If + past perfect, S + present perfect continuous.
Ví dụ. If you had left Hanoi for Haiphong last Saturday, you would
have been swimming in Doson last Sunday.
- If + past perfect, S + would + V-inf.
Ví dụ. If she had followed my advice, she would be richer now.
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now.
B. Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause)
- If + past perfect continuous, S + would + present perfect.
Ví dụ. If it hadn't been raining the whole week, I would have finished the
laundry
Đối với trường hợp "if" được sử dụng như một liên từ dùng để bắt đầu
một mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện về thời gian, lúc này "if =
when". Vậy "if" và "when" khác nhau thế nào?
- WHEN: được dùng khi diễn tả một điều gì đó chắc chắn xảy ra.
Ví dụ. I am going to do some shopping today. When I go shopping, I'll buy
you some coffee.
- IF: được dùng khi diễn tả một điều không chắc chắn (có thể hoặc
không thể) xảy ra trong tương lai.
Ví dụ. I may go shopping today. If I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee.
Lưu ý: Động từ chính trong mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ bắt đầu bằng
"when" hoặc "if" luôn ở thì present simple mặc dù hành động sẽ xảy
ra trong tương lai.
Ví dụ: When/If he arrives tomorrow, I'll tell him about it
14. Các trường hợp đặc biệt của câu điều kiện
Chuyển đổi câu điều kiện
S+ can/will + Vinf+ sth+ by+ V-ing
==>If S+ V, S + can/will + Vinf
Ex:
+I can save a lot of time by booking the ticket on phone.
=>If I book the ticket on phone, I can save a lot of time.
+ by working hard he could have earned a lot of money.
=>If he worked hard, he could have earned a lot of money.
Reason, result==> If not reason, not result ( dạng2 dang3 hoặc dạng hỗn
hợp)
Ex:
+ I can't buy this computer because I haven't got enough money.
=> If I had enough money, I could buy this computer.
+He ignored the traffic light, so he had an accident.
=> If he hadn't ignored the traffic light , he wouldn't have had an
accident.
+ You are tired now because you stayed up late last night.
=> If you hadn't stayed up late last night, you wouldn't be tired now

Exercises:
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer in each sentence below by circling it.
1. If his machine stops/ will stop, you press /will press this button.
2. I can’t understand what he sees in her ! If anyone treats/will treat me
like that, I am/will be/would be extremely angry !
3. If you help me/helped me with this exercise, I will do/would do the same
for you one day.
4. According to the timetable, if the train leaves/left on time, we will/would
arrive at 5.30.
5. If it is/will be fine tomorrow, we go/will go to the coast.
6. If we find/found a taxi, we will get/would get there before the play
starts.
7.It’s quite simple really. If you take/will take/took these tablets every day,
then you lose/will lose/would lose weight.
8. I don’t like this flat. I think I am/ I will/I’d be happier if I live/will
live/would live/lived in a house in the country.
9. I don’t know how to play baseball, but I’m sure that if I will/do/did, I
play/will play/would play/played a lot better than anyone in this awful
team !
10. If I phone/will phone/phoned you tonight, are you/will you
be/would you be in ?
11. Why didn’t you tell me ? If you told/had told me, I had/would have
helped you.
12. If Bill didn’t steal/hadn’t stolen the car, he wasn’t/wouldn’t be/hadn’t
been in prison now.
13. If Ann wasn’t driving/didn’t drive/hadn’t driven so fast, her car didn’t
crash/wouldn’t have crashed into a tree.
14. Let me give you some advice. If you smoke/would smoke/had smoked
less, you didn’t feel, wouldn’t have felt so tired.
15. What a bad luck ! If Alan didn’t fall/hadn’t fallen/wouldn’t fall over,
he won/would win/would have won the race.
16. If you invited/had invited me last week, I was able/had been
able/would have been able to come.
17. I’m sure your letter hasn’t come yet. If it came/had come. I’m sure I
noticed/had noticed/ would have noticed it.
18. We have a suggestion to make. How do you feel/would you feel if we
offered/would offer/had offered you the job of assistant manager ?
19. If you lent/had lent us the money, we paid/would pay/ had paid you
back next week.
20. Terry never catches any thing when he goes fishing. And if he catches/caught/had
caught a fish, he throws, would throw/would have thrown it back !

II) Vieát laïi caâu

1. You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.
→ If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t have gotten into so much
trouble
2. There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on
the window.
→ If there were a screen on the window, there wouldn’t be so many bugs
in the room
3. He is busy right now. So, he can’t help them.
→ If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them
4. I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking.
→ If I were good at cooking, I could make all of my own meals
5. I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth.
→ If I were you, I could tell the truth
6. She came, so he wasn’t disappointed.
→ If she hadn’t come, he would have been disappointed
7. He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday.
→ If he were a good student, he would have studied for the test yesterday
8. I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
→ If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I wouldn’t be hungry now
9. Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders.
→ If Mai had followed the doctor’s orders, she wouldn’t be sick
10. He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night.
→ If he had went to bed early last night, he wouldn’t be tired this
morning

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense.

1. I’ve hung out the clothes. It’s lovely and sunny, If it (stay) stays like
this, they (be)will be dry in two hours.
2. He looked so small and weak that nobody asked him to do anything. If
he (look) looked strong, he (be) would be expected to dig all day like
everyone else.
3. When he left school, he became a fisherman. His family didn’t like it at
all. They (be) would have been much happier if he (become) had
become green grocer like his father.
4. They still say that if he (go) had gone in to the greengrocery business
when he left school , he (be) would be comfortably off now instead of
being poor.
5. But he says that if he (have) had his life again, he (make) would make
the same choice.
6. Jack rang while you were out ~ Oh dear ! If I (know) had known he was
going to ring , I (stay) would have stayed at home.
7. What (happen) will happen If I (press) press this button ?
8. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which (you/choose)
would you choose
9. The flight may be cancelled unless the fog (lift) is lifted
10. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) will go mad
11. If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print) wouldn’t have printed
12. The job is much worse than I expected. If I (realize) have realized how awful it was
going to be, I (not accept) wouldn’t have accepted it.
13. I overslept, that’s why I’m half an hour late; and if my phone (not ring) hadn’t rang at
nine o’clock, I (be)would be still in bed.
14. It was the drug, not the disease, that killed him. He (still/be)would still be alive today if
he (not take) hadn’t taken that drug.
15. Most people (attend) the union meeting this morning if they have …………… longer
notice of it.
16. He says he refused the job, but that this was nothing to do with the salary. He (refuse)
would refuse Even if they (offer) offered him twice as much.
17. Now we’re lost ! If you had written down (write down) Mary’s directions, this
wouldn’t hav e happened (not happen).
18. Why don’t we emigrate ? If we lived (live) in Australia, at least the weather would be
(be) better !
19. I’m afraid that Smith is hardened criminal. If we don’t punish (not punish) him this
time, he will only commit ( only commit) more crimes.
20. Thanks to Dr Jones, I’m still alive ! If it hadn’t been ( not be) for her, I would have
been (be) dead for certain !
21. I’m sorry I can’t lend you any money. You know that if I had (have) it, I would lend
(lend) it to you.
22. Don’t be afraid. If you touch (touch) the dog, it won’t bite (not bite)
23. In those days, if you had had (have) a job, you wouldn have been (be) lucky.
24. It’s always the same ! If I decide (decide) to leave the office early, my boss will call
(call) me after I’ve left.
25. What a terrible thing to happen ! Just think, if we hadn’t miss (not miss) the plane, we
would have been killed (kill) in the crash.
27. Did you enjoy your meal ? If you finish eating (finish) eating, I will clear away (clear a
way) the plates.
28. Tell him to bring his bicycle in. If he leaves (leave) it outside, someone will steal
(steal) it.
29. Why didn’t you phone ? If I had known (know) you were coming, I would have met
(meet) you at the airport.
30. It a pity you missed the party. If you had come (come), you would have met (meet) my
friends from Hungary.
31. If we had (have) some tools, we would be (be) able to repair the car, but we haven’t got
any with us.
32. Thank you for your help. If you hadn’t helped (not help) me, I wouldn’t have passed
(not pass) the examination.
33. It’s a beautiful house, and I would buy (buy) it if I had(have) the money, but I can’t
afford it.
34. I can’t imagine what I will do (do) with the money if I win (win) the football pools or
a lottery.
35. Mark isn’t a serious athlete. If he trained(train) harder, he would be(be) quite a food
runner.
36. If Claire had listened ( listen) to her mother, she wouldn’t have married (not marry)
David in the first place.
37. It rained every day on our holiday. If we hadn’t taken ( not take) the television with us,
we wouldn’t have had ( not have) anything to do.
38. Jim is so untidy ! If he buys (buy) some new clothes , he won’t look ( not look) so
bad !.
39. - How did you do in the car rally ?
- We came in last actually, just because we got lost. If we hadn’t gotten lost (not get)
lost, we would have come (come) in somewhere in the middle, we wouldn’t have come
(not come) in last.
40. I wasn’t surprised that we got lost because. I knew the navigator couldn’t map-read.
- If you knew (know) he couldn’t map-read , why wouldn’t you take (you/take) him as a
navigator ?
Exercise 3: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
 1. If I see him I (give) will give him a 20.If he (go)goes on telling lies nobody
lift. will believe a word he says.
2. The table will collapse if you 21.Unless he (sell)sells more he won’t
stand(stand) on it. get much commission.
3. If he (eat)eats all that he will be ill. 22.If I lend you $10 when you
4. If I find your passport I will telephone (repay)will repay me?
(telephone) you at once. 23.We'll have to move upstairs if the
5. The police (arrest)will arrest him if river (rise) rises any higher.
they catch him. 24.If he (work)works hard today can he
6. If he (read)read in bad light he will have a holiday tomorrow?
ruin his eyes. 25.Ice (turn)will turn to water if you heat
7. Someone (steal)will steal your car if it.
you leave it unlocked. 26.If the house (burn)burns down we can
8. What will happen if my parachute claim compensation.
won’t open (not open)? 27.If you(not like)don’t like this one I'll
9. If he (wash)washes my car I'll give bring you another.
him $10. 28.Unless you are more careful you
10.If she (need)needs a radio she can (have)will have an accident.
borrow mine. 29.Tell him to ring me up if you
11.If you (not go)don’t go away I'll send (see)sees him.
for the police. 30.If I tell you a secret, you (promise)
12.I'll be very angry if he (make)makes will promise not to tell it to anyone
any more mistakes. else?
13.If he (be)is late we'll go without him. 31.If you (not believe)don’t believe what
14.She will be absolutely furious if she I say, ask your mother.
(hear) hears about this. 32.If he (like)likes the house will he buy
15.If you put on the kettle I (make) will it?
makethe tea. 33.If you will kindly sit down I (make)
16.If you give my dog a bone he will make enquiries for you.
(bury)will bury it at once. 34.Unless I have a quiet room I (not be
17.If we leave the car here it (not be) able)won’t be able to do any work.
won’t be in anybody's way. 35.She won’t open the door unless she
18.He'll be late for the train if he (not (know)knows who it is.
start) doesn’t start at once. 36.Should you require anything else
19.If you come late they (not let) won’t please (ring)ring the bell for the
let you in. attendant.
Exercise 4: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses
1. If I had a typewriter I (type)would type it 11.If he (clean) cleaned his windscreen he'd
myself. be able to see where he was going.
2. If I (know)knew his address I’d give it to 12.If you drove your car into the river you
you. (be able)would be able to get out?
3. He (look)would look a lot better if he 13.If you (not belong)didn’t belong to a
shaved more often. union you couldn't get a job.
4. If you (play)played for lower stakes you 14.If I (win)won a big prize in a lottery I'd
wouldn't lose so much. give up my job.
5. If he worked more slowly he (not 15.What you (do)would do if you found a
make)wouldn’t make so many mistakes. burglar in your house?
6. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be)were 16.I could tell you what this means if I
you. (know)knew Greek.
7. More tourists would come to this country 17.If everybody (give)gave $1 we would
if it (have)had a better climate. have enough.
8. If I were sent to prison you (visit)would 18.He might get fat if he (stop)didn’t stop
visit me? smoking.
9. If someone (give)gave you a helicopter 19.If he knew that it was dangerous he (not
what would you do with it? come)would’t come
10.I (buy)would buy shares in that company 20.If you (see)saw someone drowning what
if I had some money. would you do?
21.I (be)would be ruined if I bought her 30.I (offer)would offered to help if I thought
everything she asked for. I'd be any use.
22.If you slept under a mosquito net you (not 31.What would you do if the lift (get)got
be)wouldn’t be bitten so often. stuck between two floors?
23.I could get a job easily if I (have)had a 32.If you (paint) painted the walls white the
degree. room would be much brighter.
24.If she (do)did her hair differently she 33.If you (change)changed your job would it
might look quite nice. affect your pension?
25.If we had more rain our crops 34.If you knew that you had only six weeks
(grow)would grow faster. to live how you (spend)would spend
26.The whole machine would fall to pieces if those six weeks?
you (remove)removed that screw. 35.You wouldn't have so much trouble with
27.I (keep)would keep a horse if I could your car if you (have)had it serviced
afford it. regularly.
28.I'd go and see him more often if he (live) 36.I'd climb over the wall if there (not be)
lived on a bus route. weren’t so much broken glass on top of it.
29.If they (ban) banned the sale of alcohol at
football matches there might be less
violence.
Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I had known that you were in hospital 17.If you (not sneeze) had sneezed he
I (visit) would have visited you. wouldn't have known that you were
2. The ground was very soft. But for that, there.
my horse (win) would have won . 18.If you (put) had put some mustard in
3. If you (arrive) had arrived ten minutes the sandwiches they would have tasted
earlier you would have got a seat. better.
4. You would have seen my garden at its 19.The hens (not get) wouldn’t have gotten
best if you (be) had been here last into the house if you had shut the door.
week. 20.If he had known that the river was
5. But for his quickness I (be) would have dangerous he (not try) wouldn’t have
been killed. tried to swim across it.
6. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) 21.If you (speak) had spoken more slowly
hadn’t seen it with my own eyes. he might have understood you.
7. If he had slipped he (fall) would have 22.If he had known the whole story he (not
fallen 500 metres. be) wouldn’t have been so angry.
8. If he had asked you, you (accept)would 23.I shouldn’t have eaten it if I (know) had
have accepted? known that there was ginger in it.
9. If I (have) had had a map I would have 24.If I (try)had tried again I think that I
been all right. would have succeeded.
10.If I (know) had known that you were 25.You (not get) wouldn’t have gotten into
coming I’d have baked a cake. trouble if you had obeyed my
11.I (offer) would have offered to help him instructions.
if I had realized that he was ill. 26.If you hadn't been in such a hurry you
12.If you had left that wasp alone it (not (not put) wouldn’t have put sugar into
sting) wouldn’t have stung you. the sauce instead of salt.
13.If I (realize) had realized what a bad 27.If I (be) had been ready when he called
driver you were I ‘d not have come with he would have taken me with him.
you. 28.She had a headache, otherwise she
14.He was fined $10. If he (realize)had (come) would have come with us.
realized that the traffic lights were red 29.If she had listened to my directions she
he (stop)would have stopped. (not turn)wouldn’t have turned down
15.But for the fog we (reach)would have the wrong street.
reached our destination ages ago. 30.If you (look) had looked at the engine
16.If you had told me that he never paid for a moment you would have seen
his debts I (not lend) wouldn’t have lent what was missing.
him the money.
31.Rome (be captured)wouldn’t have been 34.You (save)would have saved me a lot
captured by her enemies if the geese of trouble if you had told me where you
hadn't cackled. were going.
32.He would have been arrested if he (try) 35.They would have forced their way into
had tried to leave the country. the house if I (not call)hadn’t called for
33.I (take)wouldn’t have taken a taxi if I help.
had realized that it was a long way. 36.If he had put out his pipe before putting
it in his pocket he (not burn) wouldn’t
have burned a hole in his coat.

Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets into

the correct tenses.
1. If you (find) find a skeleton in the cellar 22.Unless they leave a lamp beside that
don’t mention it to anyone. hole in the road somebody (fall) will
2. If you pass your examination we (have) fall into it.
will have a celebration. 23.You'll get pneumonia if you (not
3. What (happen)will happen if I press change)don’t change your wet clothes.
this button? 24.If I had known that you couldn’t eat
4. I should have voted for her if I (have) octopus I (not buy)wouldn’t have
had had a vote then. bought it.
5. If you go to Paris where you (stay) will 25.If they (hang)hung that picture lower
you stay? people would be able to see it.
6. If someone offered to buy you one of 26.She (be able)would be able to walk
those rings, which you (choose)would faster if her shoes hadn’t such high
you choose ? heels.
7. The flight may be cancelled if the fog 27.I (bring) wouldn’t have brought you
(get) gets thick. some beer if I had known that you were
8. If the milkman (come)comes tell him thirsty.
to leave two pints. 28.If you had touched that electric cable
9. Someone (sit)will sit on your glasses if you (be)wouldn’t have been
you leave them there. electrocuted.
10.You would play better bridge if you 29.If the story hadn’t been true the
(not talk)didn’t talk so much. newspaper (not print) wouldn’t have
11.What I (do)will do if I hear the burglar printed it.
alarm? 30.I (not buy)wouldn’t buy things on the
12.If you (read)had read the instructions installment system if I were you
carefully you wouldn’t have answered
the wrong question.
13.I could repair the roof myself if I
(have)had a long ladder.
14.Unless they turn that radio off I (go)will
go mad.
15.If you were made redundant what you
would do (do)?
16.We’ll have a long way to walk if we
(run)run out of petrol here.
17.If you shake that bottle of port it (not
be)won’t be fit to drink.
18.I’ll probably get lost unless he (come)
comes with me.
19.You (not have)wouldn’t have so many
accidents if you drove more slowly.
20.If you (wear)had worn a false beard
nobody would have recognized you.
21.If she (leave)leaves the fish there the
cat will get it.
Exercise 7: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
I'll look for your notebook and if I (find)find it I (give) will give you a ring.
1. If you (smoke)smoke in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers
will object (object).
2. I'll wash the glasses in this nice hot water. - No, I don't. If you (put) put them
into very hot water they (crack)will crack.
3. If you (see)see Tom tell him I have a message for him.
4. If he (win) wins he (get)will get $1000; if he (come) comes in second he (get)
will get$500.
5. If you (feel)feel too hot during the night turn down the central heating.
6. Jack is a translator; he translates 1000 words a day and gets $100 a week,
which he says isn't enough to live on.
- Well, if he (want) wants more money he (have) will have to do more work.
Advise him to translate 2000 words a day.
7. If you (finish) finished with your dictionary I'd like to borrow it.
8. Jack (in canoe): Watch me! I'm going to stand up!
Tom (on the bank): He's an idiot! If he (stand)stands up in the canoe it
(capsize) will capsize
9. The lift wasn't working when I was here last. If it still (not work) doesn’t work
we (have) will have to use the stairs.
10.I shan't wake if the alarm clock (not go) doesn’t go off.
11.I shan't wake unless I (hear) hear the alarm.
12.If you'd like some ice I (get) will get some from the fridge.
13.He's only sixteen but he wants to leave school at the end of the term.
- If he (leave) leaves now he (be)will be sorry afterwards.
14.I expect it will freeze tonight. - If it (freeze)freezes tonight the roads (be)will
be very slippery tomorrow.
15.That book is overdue. If you (not take) don’t take it back to the library
tomorrow you (have)will have to pay a fine.
16.Unless Tom (take) takes his library book back tomorrow he (have)will have to
pay a fine.
17.You'd better take the day off if you (not feel) don’t feel well tomorrow.
18.If a driver (brake) brakes suddenly on a wet road he (skid) will skid.
19.If you (like)like I (get) will get you a job in this company.
20.If you (like)like a job in this company, I'll get you one.
21.My dog never starts a fight. He never growls unless the other dog
(growl)growls first.
22.You can use my phone if yours (not work)doesn’t work.
23.If you (not work) can’t work out the meaning of a word you may use a
dictionary.
24.If Jack (refuse)refueses to help we'll have to manage without him.
25.If Jack (not help)doesn’t help we'll have to manage without him.