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JABRIYA INDIAN SCHOOL,
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY
SUBMITTED BY: FATHIMA ZAHRA
CLASS: XII-A
ROLL NO: 05
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified to be the bonafide work done by
Miss ___________________of class__________________
in the _________________during the year ______________
Date__________________P.G.T in _________________
JABRIYA INDIAN SCHOOL
Jabriya-Kuwait
Submitted for ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL
CERTIFICATE PRACTICAL
Examination held in__________________ at Jabriya Indian
School,
Jabriya, Kuwait
EXAMINER
DATE
DECLARATION
I______________ of class___________ of
Jabriya Indian School, Kuwait, hereby
declare that the work presented in this
project is the original work done by me
during the year 2023-2024
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is with great pleasure that I find myself
penning down these lines to express my
sincere thanks to various people who
helped me along the way in completing this
project. The harmonious environment in
our institution provided the proper
academic setting. It was a privilege to be
guided by our school and by our sincere and
experienced teacher,
Mrs. Florence Shoba
INDEX
S.N0 CONTENTS PAGE
NO.
1. Introduction what is Autism
6-7
2. How is autism caused? 8
3. Symptoms of Autism 9
4. Treatment of Autism 10-11
5. Famous Stars with Autism 12
6. Bibliography 13
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS AUTISM:
Autism Is a Complex
Neurodevelopmental Condition
It is characterized by differences in social
skills, communication, and behavior. This
means that people
with Autism
experience
differences in the
way they
communicate and
interact socially, and
their behavior may
be repetitive or highly focused (the term
‘restricted, repetitive patterns of
behavior’ is often used to describe this).
People with Autism also tend to
experience differences in their senses
that can affect the way they feel about
and respond to their surroundings.
Autism is not a disease or illness.
Autism is also known as Autism
Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ‘Spectrum’
refers to the wide range of
characteristics, skills, and abilities that
different people with Autism have. No
two people are affected by Autism in
exactly the same way. Every person
experiences Autism differently and has
different support needs. The core
characteristics of Autism can cause a
range of challenges, it is
HOW IS AUTISM CAUSED?
Research suggests that autism develops from a combination of genetic and non-genetic,
or environmental, influences.
Autism’s genetic risk factors
Research tells us that autism tends to run in families. Changes in certain genes increase the risk
that a child will develop autism. If a parent carries one or more of these gene changes, they
may get passed to a child (even if the parent does not have autism). Other times, these genetic
changes arise spontaneously in an early embryo or the sperm and/or egg that combine to
create the embryo. Again, the majority of these gene changes do not cause autism by
themselves. They simply increase the risk of the disorder
Autism’s environmental risk factors
Research also shows that certain environmental influences may further increase – or reduce –
autism risk in people who are genetically predisposed to the disorder. Importantly, the increase
or decrease in risk appears to be small for any one of these risk factors:
Increased risk
Advanced parent age (either parent)
Pregnancy and birth complications (e.g. extreme prematurity [before 26 weeks], low birth
weight, multiple pregnancies [twin, triplet, etc.])
Pregnancies spaced less than one year apart
Decreased risk
Prenatal vitamins containing folic acid, before and at conception and through pregnancy
No effect on risk
Vaccines. Each family has a unique experience with an autism diagnosis, and for some, it
corresponds with the timing of their child’s vaccinations. At the same time, scientists
have conducted extensive research over the last two decades to determine whether
there is any link between childhood vaccinations and autism. The results of this research
is clear: Vaccines do not cause autism.
SYMPTOMS OF AUTISM:
Main signs of autism
finding it hard to understand what others are thinking or feeling
getting very anxious about social situations
finding it hard to make friends or preferring to be on your own
seeming blunt, rude, or not interested in others without
meaning to
finding it hard to say how you feel
taking things very literally – for example, you may not
understand sarcasm or phrases like "break a leg"
having the same routine every day and getting very anxious if it
changes
Other signs of autism
not understanding social "rules", such as not talking over
people
avoiding eye contact
getting too close to other people, or getting very upset if
someone touches or gets too close to you
noticing small details, patterns, smells or sounds that others do
not
having a very keen interest in certain subjects or activities
liking to plan things carefully before doing them
TREATMENT OF AUTISM:
Types of Treatments
There are many types of treatments available. These treatments
generally can be broken down into the following categories, although
some treatments involve more than one approach:
Behavioral
Developmental
Educational
Behavioral Approaches
Behavioral approaches focus on changing behaviors by understanding
what happens before and after the behavior. Behavioral approaches
have the most evidence for treating symptoms of Autism. They have
become widely accepted among educators and healthcare
professionals and are used in many schools and treatment clinics. A
notable behavioral treatment for people with Autism is called Applied
Behavior Analysis (ABA). ABA encourages desired behaviors and
discourages undesired behaviors to improve a variety of skills. Progress
is tracked and measured.
Step-by-step instructions to teach a desired behavior or response.
Lessons are broken down into their simplest parts, and desired
answers and behaviors are rewarded. Undesired answers and
behaviors are ignored.
Developmental Approaches
Developmental approaches focus on improving specific developmental
skills, such as language skills or physical skills, or a broader range of
interconnected developmental abilities. Developmental approaches are
often combined with behavioral approaches.
The most common developmental therapy for people with Autism
is Speech and Language Therapy. Speech and Language Therapy helps
to improve the person’s understanding and use of speech and
language. Some people with ASD communicate verbally. Others may
communicate through the use of signs, gestures, pictures, or an
electronic communication device.
Occupational Therapy teaches skills that help the person live as
independently as possible. Skills may include dressing, eating, bathing,
and relating to people. Occupational therapy can also include:
Sensory Integration Therapy to help improve responses to sensory
input that may be restrictive or overwhelming.
Physical Therapy can help improve physical skills, such as fine
movements of the fingers or larger movements of the trunk and
body.
Educational Approaches
Educational treatments are given in a classroom setting. One type of
educational approach is the Treatment and Education of Autistic and
Related Communication-Handicapped Children (TEACCH) approach.
TEACCH is based on the idea that people with autism thrive on
consistency and visual learning. It provides teachers with ways to adjust
the classroom structure and improve academic and other outcomes.
For example, daily routines can be written or drawn and placed in clear
sight. Boundaries can be set around learning stations. Verbal
instructions can be complemented with visual instructions or physical
demonstrations.
FAMOUS STARS WITH
AUTISM:
1) Albert Einstein
Scientists at Cambridge and Oxford have
retrospectively diagnosed Einstein with
Autism. They have based it on findings that
Einstein’s childhood was quite problematic
and that he had social development issues.
He even had a tendency to repeat
sentences and phrases. However, he did
display a great sense of human thought,
which was rather challenging for some
individuals on the spectrum.
2) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
It is true that people were not aware of autism
back in the time of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
but much research on autism has mentioned it
already that he was a highly functioning autistic.
Historians have mentioned that it was difficult
for Mozart to keep his feet and hands still all the
time, and he was extremely sensitive to loud
sounds. All these characteristics suggest that
Mozart may well be among the list of famous
people with autism.
bibliography
1. https://www.autism.org.au/what-is-autism/?
gclid=CjwKCAjwh8mlBhB_EiwAsztdBPMPAr5CKg6p_Ndu9vOeukXnEQnyjSOfWiwmcy7kUgRFZlR1
ufmilBoCncQQAvD_BwE
2. https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-causes-autism#:~:text=A%20common%20question
%20after%20an,a%20child%20will%20develop%20autism.
3. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/autism/signs/adults/
4. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/treatment.html#:~:text=Behavioral%20approaches
%20have%20the%20most,Applied%20Behavior%20Analysis%20(ABA).
5. https://www.tsmp.com.au/blog/famous-people-with-autism.html
