6 Steps to
Process-based
Writing
Contents
01 02 03 04
The Process
Approaches The Process Approach: Notes to the
to Writing Approach Phases teacher
01
Approaches
to Writing
Two approaches to writing are
widely applied in the classrooms: the
more traditional Product Approach,
and the more creative Process
Approach.
Product-based Process-based
Approach Approach
Aims at reproducing a Aims at developing
model text. language use through a
series of steps.
02
The Process Writing is a creative act
Writing is not done in just one sitting. It is planned
Approach
and it evolves, changing its shape as it develops.
Writing is broken down into steps
Two major stages can be identified: the pre-writing
stage and the writing stage. These, in turn, can be
divided into smaller tasks.
Feedback is provided between drafts
In this process approach, the teacher provides
feedback during the whole process, rather than just
at the end.
03
Process Aproach: Phases
The Process-based approach to writing can have any number of stages. However, two
phases can be identified, each one consisting of a number of varying steps.
Pre-writing Writing
In this stage, the focus is on Students write a series of drafts focusing on
generating ideas. Students do not need content first, and then on form. The teacher
to do much (or any) writing. provides feedback throughout the process.
Pre-writing
Expanding
Extend the ideas by
making notes.
Brainstorming Planning
Generate ideas by Organise the ideas
discussing in groups. into a diagram.
Writing
Proofreading
Check the content,
grammar, and vocabulary.
Drafting Redrafting
Write a first draft. Turn Rewrite the text making
the ideas into sentences the necessary changes.
and link them. (Redraft if necessary).
04
Notes to the teacher
The Process Approach to teaching writing focuses on developing language use. Rather than
aiming at reproducing a model text, students are guided through a series of classroom
activities that promote discussion, evaluation, organisation, and development of ideas.
The flexible but complex nature of this approach makes it time-consuming, and may even be
frustrating for the learners. A supportive atmosphere and timely feedback from the
teachers are key to the process. Eventually, their written work will improve and their
efforts will bear fruit.
Grab a pencil or computer and...
Happy
Writing!