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Engine Cycle Formulas and Processes

This document summarizes key aspects of engine cycles, including: 1) It describes the ideal Carnot cycle and its four reversible processes of isothermal heat addition, isentropic expansion, isothermal heat rejection, and isentropic compression. 2) It provides an overview of reciprocating engines, distinguishing between spark ignition (Otto cycle) and compression-ignition (Diesel cycle) engines. 3) For the Otto cycle, it outlines the four processes of isentropic compression, constant-volume heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant-volume heat rejection that make up the ideal cycle.

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Neo Garcera
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367 views2 pages

Engine Cycle Formulas and Processes

This document summarizes key aspects of engine cycles, including: 1) It describes the ideal Carnot cycle and its four reversible processes of isothermal heat addition, isentropic expansion, isothermal heat rejection, and isentropic compression. 2) It provides an overview of reciprocating engines, distinguishing between spark ignition (Otto cycle) and compression-ignition (Diesel cycle) engines. 3) For the Otto cycle, it outlines the four processes of isentropic compression, constant-volume heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant-volume heat rejection that make up the ideal cycle.

Uploaded by

Neo Garcera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FORMULAS FOR ENGINE CYCLE

Gas Power Cycle 3. The combustion process is replaced by a


heat-addition process from an external
Carnot Cycle (Highest Thermal Efficiency) source.
W net 4. The exhaust process is replaced by a
ηth =
Q¿ heat-rejection process that restores the
working fluid to its initial state.
Reciprocating Engines
1. Spark Ignition (SI) engines
2. Compression-ignition (CI) engines
Compression Ratio (RC)

4 Reversible Processes in Carnot Cycle V max V BDC


RC = =
V min V TDC
1. Isothermal Heat Addition
2. Isentropic Expansion W net =MEP × Piston Area × Stroke=MEP× Displacement Vo
3. Isothermal Heat Rejection
4. Isentropic Compression Where:
W net
MEP=
w net
V max −V m ∈¿ = ¿
v max −v min

OTTO CYCLE (Spark Ignition (SI) engines)


Strokes
Two-stroke engines are generally less
efficient than their four-stroke counterparts but
are relatively simple and inexpensive, and they
have high power-to-weight and power-to-
volume ratios.
TL
ηth .Carnot =1− Processes of the Ideal Otto Cycle
TH
1-2 Isentropic Compression
AIR-STANDARD ASSUMPTIONS
2-3 Constant-volume heat addition
1. The working fluid is air, which
continuously circulates in a closed loop 3-4 Isentropic expansion
and always behaves as an ideal gas.
4-1 Constant-volume heat rejection
2. All the processes that make up the cycle
Four-stroke cycle
are internally reversible.
1 cycle = 4 strokes = 2 revolutions
Two-stroke cycle
1 cycle = 2 stroke = 1 revolution

DIESEL CYCLE (Compression-ignition (CI)


engines)
Processes of the Ideal Diesel Cycle
1-2 Isentropic Compression
2-3 Constant-volume heat addition
3-4 Isentropic expansion
4-1 Constant-volume heat rejection
In diesel engines, the spark plug is
replaced by a fuel injector, and only air is
compressed during the compression process.

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