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Criteria for Applying Sūtras and Pronouns

1. The document discusses criteria for determining which scripture to apply when there are conflicts. It lists four criteria: primacy, interiority, context, and approval. 2. It then discusses forms of the interrogative pronoun in Sanskrit, noting that it combines an interrogative word with a suffix and remains declinable across three genders. 3. Finally, it provides a list of pronouns in Sanskrit grammar, noting that some terms are considered pronouns when implying temporal or spatial relation but not when used as proper names.

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87 views2 pages

Criteria for Applying Sūtras and Pronouns

1. The document discusses criteria for determining which scripture to apply when there are conflicts. It lists four criteria: primacy, interiority, context, and approval. 2. It then discusses forms of the interrogative pronoun in Sanskrit, noting that it combines an interrogative word with a suffix and remains declinable across three genders. 3. Finally, it provides a list of pronouns in Sanskrit grammar, noting that some terms are considered pronouns when implying temporal or spatial relation but not when used as proper names.

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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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When there is a conflict as to which sūtra should apply the following are the deciding cirteria -

1. prTvm!
2. inTyTvm!
3. ANtr¼Tvm!
4. Apvad

Forms of ikm! - an interrogative pronoun + ict! / icn! / Aip - àTyy. This is tidt-àTyy which Does Not undergo
ivÉi´laep> and the final form is an AVyy (indeclineable). It can be declined in all the three genders i.e. -
masculine, feminine & neuter.
The neuter -
Case Meaning à àTyy Meaning
Tyy
1 k> who + ict! → kiít! someone (agent)
2 km! whom + ict! → k<ict! someone (object)
3 ken by whom + ict! → kenict! by someone
4 k to whom + ict! → kSmEi to someone
SmE ct!
5 k from whom + ict! → kSmai from someone
Sma ½t!
t!
6 kSy whose + ict! → kSyict! of someone
7 kiSm in what / whom + ict! → kiSm< in someone
n! ict!

Pronouns
s
svaRdIin svR-namain 1.1.27
U

p svaRdIin,1,3, svR-namain,1,3,

s svR Aaid> ye;a< tainmain svRdIin, b֓Iihsmas>,

v
svaRidzBdana< svRnams<}a Évit
&

T The words svR etc. are called svRnam

V The words svR (all), and the rest are called svRnam (pronouns)

This defines svRnam (pronouns). To know what are the other words comprised in the phrase 'and the rest', we
È
must refer to Panini's g[paQ where a list of all groups referred to in the sūtras, is given. **

f svaRdIin → 1.1.32 svR-namain → 1.1.36

** Thus we know from it the following are pronouns -


5. svR → all 9. Words formed with the affix ftr such as ktr (which
6. ivñ → all of two)
7. %É → two 10. Words formed with the affix ftm such as ktm
8. %Éy → both (which of many)

File : [Link] Page # 1 of 2 Updated On [Link].2008 @ 06:03 Hrs.


11. ANy → other 29. ASmdœ → I
12. ANytr → either 30. Évtu → you
13. #tr → other 31. ikm! → what
14. Svt! → other 32. pUvR → east, prior
15. Tv< → other 33. pr → subsequent
16. nem → half 34. Avr → west or posterior
17. sm → all 35. di][ → south, right
18. ism → whole 36. %Är → north, inferior, subsequent
19. Tydœ → he, she, it 37. Apr→ other, inferior
20. tdœ→ he, she, it 38. Axr → west, inferior;
21. ydœ→ who are svRnam when they imply a relation in time or
22. ydœ→ he, she, it place, as whown above, and not when they are names. So
23. @tdœ→ this also the following are also svRnam -
24. #dm!→ it 39. Sv when it does not mean 'kinsman or a treasure, but
25. Ads!→ that means 'own'
26. @k→ one 40. ANtr when it means 'outer' or 'an under or lower
27. iÖ→ two garment'
28. yu:mdœ → you …

File : [Link] Page # 2 of 2 Updated On [Link].2008 @ 06:03 Hrs.

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