Tecplot Manual
Tecplot Manual
Tecplot 360TM User’s Manual is for use with Tecplot 360TM Version 2010.
Copyright © 1988‐2010 Tecplot, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. Except for personal use, this manual may not be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated in any form, in whole or in part, without the express written
permission of Tecplot, Inc., 3535 Factoria Blvd, Ste. 550; Bellevue, WA 98006 U.S.A.
The software discussed in this documentation and the documentation itself are furnished under license for utilization and duplication only according to the license terms. The copyright for the software is held by Tecplot, Inc. Documentation is provided for
information only. It is subject to change without notice. It should not be interpreted as a commitment by Tecplot, Inc. Tecplot, Inc. assumes no liability or responsibility for documentation errors or inaccuracies.
Tecplot, Inc.
Post Office Box 52708
Bellevue, WA 98015‐2708 U.S.A.
Tel:1.800.763.7005 (within the U.S. or Canada), 00 1 (425) 653‐1200 (internationally)
email: [email protected], [email protected]
Questions, comments or concerns regarding this document: [email protected]
For more information, visit http://www.tecplot.com
THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE COPYRIGHT NOTICES
SciPy 2001‐2009 Enthought. Inc. All Rights Reserved. NumPy 2005 NumPy Developers. All Rights Reserved. VisTools and VdmTools 1992‐2009 Visual Kinematics, Inc. All Rights Reserved. NCSA HDF & HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format) Software Library and
Utilities Contributors: National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois, Fortner Software, Unidata Program Center (netCDF), The Independent JPEG Group (JPEG), Jean‐loup Gailly and Mark Adler (gzip), and Digital
Equipment Corporation (DEC). Conditions of Redistribution: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or materials provided with the distribution. 3. In addition, redistributions of modified forms of the source or binary code must carry prominent notices stating that the origi‐
nal code was changed and the date of the change. 4. All publications or advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software are asked, but not required, to acknowledge that it was developed by The HDF Group and by the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign and credit the contributors. 5. Neither the name of The HDF Group, the name of the University, nor the name of any Contributor may be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission from the University, THG, or the Contributor, respectively. DISCLAIMER: THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE HDF GROUP (THG) AND THE CONTRIBUTORS ʺAS ISʺ WITH NO
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. In no event shall THG or the Contributors be liable for any damages suffered by the users arising out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage. Copyright ©
1998‐2006 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, Copyright © 2006‐2008 The HDF Group (THG). All Rights Reserved. PNG Reference Library Copyright © 1995, 1996 Guy Eric Schalnat, Group 42, Inc., Copyright © 1996, 1997 Andreas Dilger, Copy‐
right © 1998, 1999 Glenn Randers‐Pehrson. All Rights Reserved. Tcl 1989‐1994 The Regents of the University of California. Copyright © 1994 The Australian National University. Copyright © 1994‐1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Copyright © 1998‐1999 Scriptics
Corporation. All Rights Reserved. bmptopnm 1992 David W. Sanderson. All Rights Reserved. Netpbm 1988 Jef Poskanzer . All Rights Reserved. Mesa 1999‐2003 Brian Paul. All Rights Reserved. W3C IPR 1995‐1998 World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachu‐
setts Institute of Technology, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Keio University). All Rights Reserved. Ppmtopict 1990 Ken Yap. All Rights Reserved. JPEG 1991‐1998 Thomas G. Lane. All Rights Reserved. Dirent API for Micro‐
soft Visual Studio (dirent.h) 2006‐2006 Copyright © 2006 Toni Ronkko. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the ``Softwareʹʹ), to deal in the Software without restriction,
including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so. Toni Ronkko. All Rights Reserved. ICU 1995‐2009 Copy‐
right © 1995‐2009 International Business Machines Corporation and others. All rights reserved. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the ʺSoftwareʺ), to deal in the Soft‐
ware without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, provided that the above copyright notice(s)
and this permission notice appear in all copies of the Software and that both the above copyright notice(s) and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. International Business Machines Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved.
TRADEMARKS
Tecplot®, Tecplot 360TM, the Tecplot 360TM logo, PreplotTM, Enjoy the ViewTM, and FramerTM are registered trademarks or trademarks of Tecplot, Inc. in the United States and other countries.
3D Systems is a registered trademark or trademark of 3D Systems Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Macintosh OS is a registered trademark or trademark of Apple, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. Reflection‐X is a registered trade‐
mark or trademark of Attachmate Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. EnSight is a registered trademark or trademark of Computation Engineering Internation (CEI), Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. EDEM is a registered trademark
or trademark of DEM Solutions Ltd in the U.S. and/or other countries. Exceed 3D, Hummingbird, and Exceed are registered trademarks or trademarks of Hummingbird Limited in the U.S. and/or other countries. Konqueror is a registered trademark or trade‐
mark of KDE e.V. in the U.S. and/or other countries. VIP and VDB are registered trademarks or trademarks of Halliburton in the U.S. and/or other countries. ECLIPSE FrontSim is a registered trademark or trademark of Schlumberger Information Solutions
(SIS) in the U.S. and/or other countries. Debian is a registered trademark or trademark of Software in the Public Interest, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. X3D is a registered trademark or trademark of Web3D Consortium in the U.S. and/or other
countries. X Window System is a registered trademark or trademark of X Consortium, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. ANSYS, Fluent and any and all ANSYS, Inc. brand, product, service and feature names, logos and slogans are registered
trademarks or trademarks of ANSYS Incorporated or its subsidiaries in the U.S. and/or other countries. PAM‐CRASH is a registered trademark or trademark of ESI Group in the U.S. and/or other countries. LS‐DYNA is a registered trademark or trademark of
Livermore Software Technology Coroporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. MSC/NASTRAN is a registered trademark or trademark of MSC.Software Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. NASTRAN is a registered trademark or trademark of
National Aeronautics Space Administration in the U.S. and/or other countries. 3DSL is a registered trademark or trademark of StreamSim Technologies, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. SDRC/IDEAS Universal is a registered trademark or trade‐
mark of UGS PLM Solutions Incorporated or its subsidiaries in the U.S. and/or other countries. Star‐CCM+ is a registered trademark or trademark of CD‐adapco in the U.S. and/or other countries. Reprise License Manager is a registered trademark or trade‐
mark of Reprise Software, Inc. in the U.S. and/or other countries. Python is a registered trademark or trademark of Python Software Foundation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Abaqus, the 3DS logo, SIMULIA and CATIA are registered trademarks or
trademarks of Dassault Systèmes or its subsidiaries in the U.S. and/or other countries. The Abaqus runtime libraries are a product of Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp., Providence, RI, USA. © Dassault Systèmes, 2007 FLOW‐3D is a registered trademark or
trademark of Flow Science, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. Adobe, Flash, Flash Player, Premier and PostScript are registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. AutoCAD and DXF are
registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. Ubuntu is a registered trademark or trademark of Canonical Limited in the U.S. and/or other countries. HP, LaserJet and PaintJet are registered trademarks or
trademarks of Hewlett‐Packard Development Company, Limited Partnership in the U.S. and/or other countries. IBM, RS/6000 and AIX are registered trademarks or trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.
Helvetica Font Family and Times Font Family are registered trademarks or trademarks of Linotype GmbH in the U.S. and/or other countries. Linux is a registered trademark or trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and/or other countries. ActiveX, Excel,
Microsoft, Visual C++, Visual Studio, Windows, Windows Metafile, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 2000 and PowerPoint are registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Firefox is a registered trade‐
mark or trademark of The Mozilla Foundation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Netscape is a registered trademark or trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. SUSE is a registered trademark or trademark of
Novell, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. Red Hat is a registered trademark or trademark of Red Hat, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. SPARC is a registered trademark or trademark of SPARC International, Incorporated in the
U.S. and/or other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based on an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Solaris, Sun and SunRaster are registered trademarks or trademarks of Sun MicroSystems, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or
other countries. Courier is a registered trademark or trademark of Monotype Imaging Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. UNIX and Motif are registered trademarks or trademarks of The Open Group in the U.S. and/or other countries. Qt is a reg‐
istered trademark or trademark of Trolltech in the U.S. and/or other countries. Zlib is a registered trademark or trademark of Jean‐loup Gailly and Mark Adler in the U.S. and/or other countries. OpenGL is a registered trademark or trademark of Silicon Graph‐
ics, Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. JPEG is a registered trademark or trademark of Thomas G. Lane in the U.S. and/or other countries. SENSOR is a registered trademark or trademark of Coats Engineering in the U.S. and/or other countries.
SENSOR is licensed and distributed only by Coats Engineering and by JOA Oil and Gas, a world‐wide authorized reseller. All other product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
NOTICE TO U.S. GOVERNMENT END‐USERS
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraphs (a) through (d) of the Commercial Computer‐Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227‐19 when applicable, or in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in
Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227‐7013, and/or in similar or successor clauses in the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement. Contractor/manufacturer is Tecplot, Inc., 3535 Factoria Blvd, Ste. 550; Bellevue, WA 98006 U.S.A.
10‐360‐01‐1
Rev 04/2010
Table of Contents
3
Loading Your Data
4 Data Loaders .................................................................................................. 69
CGNS Loader ....................................................................................................................70
DEM Loader .......................................................................................................................74
DXF Loader ........................................................................................................................74
EnSight Loader..................................................................................................................75
Excel Loader .......................................................................................................................76
FEA Loader ........................................................................................................................79
FLOW‐3D Loader .............................................................................................................86
FLUENT Loader ...............................................................................................................90
General Text Loader ........................................................................................................95
HDF Loader .....................................................................................................................104
HDF 5 Loader ..................................................................................................................105
Kiva Loader ......................................................................................................................107
PLOT3D Loader ..............................................................................................................108
PLY Loader .......................................................................................................................114
Tecplot‐Format Loader .................................................................................................114
Text Spreadsheet Loader..............................................................................................121
Overwriting Data Files .................................................................................................122
Creating Plots
5 Creating Plots .............................................................................................. 127
Creating Plots ..................................................................................................................127
Data Journaling ...............................................................................................................128
Data Sharing ....................................................................................................................128
Dataset Information.......................................................................................................129
Select Color .......................................................................................................................135
4
Time Aware ......................................................................................................................175
Data Point and Cell Labels ..........................................................................................177
Three‐dimensional Plot Control ................................................................................178
14 Slices .................................................................................................................. 223
Interactively Created Slices .........................................................................................224
Slices Extracted Directly to Zones ............................................................................228
15 Streamtraces ................................................................................................ 231
Streamtrace Details dialog ..........................................................................................232
Streamtrace Animation ................................................................................................242
Surface Streamtraces on No‐slip Boundaries ........................................................242
5
Streamtrace Extraction as Zones ...............................................................................242
Streamtrace Errors .........................................................................................................242
Data Manipulation
19 Blanking ........................................................................................................... 287
Blanking Settings for Derived Objects ....................................................................288
Value Blanking ................................................................................................................288
IJK Blanking .....................................................................................................................292
Depth Blanking ...............................................................................................................294
6
21 Data Operations ......................................................................................... 299
Data Alteration through Equations ..........................................................................299
Data Smoothing ..............................................................................................................310
Coordinate Transformation ........................................................................................312
Two‐dimensional Data Rotation ...............................................................................313
Shift Pseudo Cell‐centered Data ................................................................................314
Zone Creation ..................................................................................................................314
Data Extraction from an Existing Zone...................................................................319
Zone Deletion ..................................................................................................................322
Variable Deletion ............................................................................................................323
Data Interpolation ..........................................................................................................323
Irregular Data Point Triangulation ...........................................................................329
Data Spreadsheet ............................................................................................................330
23 Probing .............................................................................................................. 379
Field Plot Probing with the Mouse ...........................................................................379
Field Plot Probing by Specifying Coordinates and Indices..............................381
Field Plot Probed Data Viewing ................................................................................383
Line Plot Probing with the Mouse ............................................................................387
Data Editing .....................................................................................................................389
Final Output
24 Output ............................................................................................................... 397
Layout Files, Layout Package Files, Stylesheets ...................................................397
Plot Publishing for the Web ........................................................................................402
Data File Writing ............................................................................................................403
25 Printing ............................................................................................................. 407
Plot Printing .....................................................................................................................407
7
Setup ...................................................................................................................................408
Print Render Options ....................................................................................................411
Print Preview ...................................................................................................................412
Scripting
27 Introduction to Scripting ..................................................................... 433
Advanced Topics
31 Animation ........................................................................................................ 457
Animation Tools .............................................................................................................457
Movie File Creation Manually ...................................................................................468
8
Movie File Creation with Macros .............................................................................469
Advanced Animation Techniques ............................................................................470
Movie File Viewing.......................................................................................................471
32 Customization .............................................................................................. 475
Configuration Files ........................................................................................................475
Interactive Customization ...........................................................................................480
Performance Dialog .......................................................................................................482
Interface Configuration (UNIX) ................................................................................486
Tecplot.phy .......................................................................................................................486
Custom Character and Symbol Definition.............................................................487
33 Add-ons ............................................................................................................ 491
Add‐on Loading .............................................................................................................491
Add‐ons included in the Tecplot 360 distribution ..............................................493
Working with Tecplot 360 Add‐ons .........................................................................495
Appendices
A Command Line Options ........................................................................ 529
Tecplot 360 Command Line ........................................................................................529
Using Command Line Options in Windows Shortcuts .....................................531
Additional Command Line Options in UNIX ......................................................532
C Shortcuts ......................................................................................................... 541
Keyboard Shortcuts .......................................................................................................541
Extended Mouse Operations ......................................................................................545
D Glossary ........................................................................................................... 547
9
Scalar Flow Variables ....................................................................................................561
Vector Flow Variables ...................................................................................................566
The Velocity Gradient Tensor .....................................................................................567
10
Part 1 Introduction
to Tecplot 360
12
1
Introduction
Tecplot 360 is a powerful tool for visualizing a wide range of technical data. It offers line plotting, 2D and
3D surface plots in a variety of formats, and 3D volumetric visualization. The user documentation for
Tecplot 360 includes these nine books:
• User’s Manual (this document) ‐ This manual provides a complete description of working with
Tecplot 360 features.
• Getting Started Manual ‐ New Tecplot 360 users are encouraged to work through the tutorials
provided in the Getting Started Manual. These tutorials highlight how to work with key
features in Tecplot 360.
• Scripting Guide ‐ This guide provides Macro and Python command syntax and information on
working with Macro and Python files and commands.
• Quick Reference Guide ‐ This guide provides syntax for zone header files, macro variables,
keyboard shortcuts, and more.
• Data Format Guide ‐ This guide provides information on outputting simulator data to Tecplot
360 file format.
• Add‐on Developer’s Kit ‐ User’s Manual ‐ This manual provides instructions and examples for
creating add‐ons for Tecplot 360.
• Add‐on Developer’s Kit ‐ Reference Manual ‐ This manual provides the syntax for the
functions included in the add‐on kit.
• Installation Instructions ‐ These instructions give a detailed description of how to install
Tecplot 360 on your machine.
• Release Notes ‐ These notes provide information about new and/or updated Tecplot 360
features.
• Tecplot Talk ‐ A user‐supported forum discussing Tecplot 360, Tecplot Focus, Python scripting,
Add‐on development, TecIO and more. Visit www.tecplottalk.com for details.
13
Introduction
1-1 Interface
Five major sections make up the Tecplot 360 interface:
Menubar Toolbar
Sideba
Tecplot 360 Workspace
Status
1 - 1.1 Menubar
The menu bar offers rapid access to most of Tecplot 360’s features.
Tecplot 360’s features are organized into the following menus:
• File ‐ Use the File menu to read or write data files and plot layouts, print and export plots, and
set configuration preferences.
• Edit ‐ Use the Edit menu to select, undo, cut, copy, paste, and clear objects, open the Quick
Edit dialog, and change the draw order for selected items (push or pop).
Cut, Copy, and Paste work only within Tecplot 360. To place a graphic image of your
layout into another program, use Copy Plot to Clipboard. This option is available on
Windows® and Macintosh® platforms.
• View ‐ Use the View menu to manipulate the point of view of your data, including scale, view
range, and 3D rotation. You can also use the View menu to copy and paste views between
frames.
The View menu includes the following convenient sizing options:
• Fit Everything (3D Only) ‐ This options resizes plots so that all data points, text, and
geometries are included in the frame.
14
Interface
• Fit Surfaces (3D Only) ‐ This option resizes plots so that all surfaces are included in the
frame, excluding any volume zones.
• Fit to Full Size ‐ This option fits the entire plot into the frame. This option does not
affect the axis ranges.
• Nice Fit to Full Size ‐ This option sets the axis range to begin and end on major axis
increments (if axes are dependent, the vertical axis length is adjusted to accommodate a
major tick mark).
• Data Fit ‐ This option fits the data points to the frame.
• Make Current View Nice ‐ This option modifies the range on a specified axis to fit the
minimum and maximum of the variable assigned to that axis, and then snaps the major
tick marks to the ends of the axis. (If axis dependency is not set as independent, this may
affect the range on another axis.)
• Center ‐ This option moves the plot image so that the data points are centered within
the frame. (Only the data is centered; text, geometries, and the 3D axes are not
considered.)
• Plot ‐ Use the Plot menu to control the style of your plots. The menu items available are
dependent upon the active plot type (chosen in the Sidebar).
• Insert ‐ Use the Insert menu to add text, geometries (polylines, squares, rectangles, circles, and
ellipses), or image files. If you have a 3D zone, you may also use the Insert menu to insert a
slice. If the plot type is set to 2D or 3D Cartesian, you may insert a streamtrace.
• Animate ‐ Use the Animate menu to animate IJK Planes, IJK Blanking, iso‐surfaces, mappings,
slices, streamtraces, time, and zones.
• Data ‐ Use the Data menu to create, manipulate, and examine data. Types of data
manipulation available in Tecplot 360 include zone creation, interpolation, triangulation, and
creation or alteration of variables.
• Frame ‐ Use the Frame menu to create, edit, and control frames.
• Options ‐ Use the Options menu to control the attributes of your workspace, including the
color map, paper grid, display options, and rulers.
• Scripting ‐ Use the Scripting menu to play or record macros, and to access the Quick Macros
Panel dialog.
• Tools ‐ Use the Tools menu to launch the Quick Edit dialog or an add‐on.
• Analyze ‐ Use the Analyze menu to examine grid quality, perform integrations, generate
particle paths, extract flow features, and estimate numerical errors.
• Help ‐ Choose “Tecplot 360 Help” from the Help menu to get specific, complete help on
features or operations within Tecplot 360. By choosing “About Tecplot 360” from this menu,
you can obtain specific information about your license.
1 - 1.2 Sidebar
The Sidebar provides easy access for frequently used plot controls. The functions available in the Sidebar
depend on the plot type of the active frame. For 2D or 3D Cartesian plot types, you can add or subtract
zone layers, zone effects, and derived objects from your plot using the Sidebar. For line plots (XY and
polar) you can add or subtract mapping layers using the Sidebar.
To customize your plot, simply:
• Select a plot type from the Plot Types drop‐down menu in the Sidebar.
• Use the toggle switches to add or subtract Zone Surfaces, Zone Effects, or Derived Objects. Use
the Zone Style/Mapping Style dialogs to further customize your plot by adding or subtracting
zones from specific plot layers/mappings, changing the way a zone or group of zones is
displayed, or changing various plot settings.
15
Introduction
Plot Types Menu
Zone Surfaces
Figure 1‐1.
The Tecplot 360
Sidebar for a field
Zone Effects plot (left) and a line
(3D Only) plot (right). The
features available in
the Sidebar are
dependent upon the
plot type. For 3D
Derived
Cartesian plots, you
Objects (Iso‐ may add and subtract
surfaces are zone layers, derived
3D Only) objects, and effects
for your plot. You
Transient may also use the
Controls Placement Plane for
positioning some 3D
objects (3D plots
only). For 2D
Cartesian plots (not
shown), you may add
and subtract zone
layers and some
Placement Plane derived objects for
your plot. For field
(3D Only) plots (3D or 2D), you
may animate
transient data
Plot Types
The Plot Type, combined with a frame’s dataset, active layers, and their associated attributes, define a plot.
Each plot type represents one view of the data. There are five plot types available:
• 3D Cartesian ‐ 3D plots of surfaces and volumes.
• 2D Cartesian ‐ 2D plots of surfaces, where the vertical and horizontal axis are both dependent
variables (i.e. x = f(A) and y = f(A), where A is another variable).
• XY Line ‐ Line plots of independent and dependent variables on a Cartesian grid. Typically the
horizontal axis (x) is the independent variable and the y‐axis a dependent variable, y = f(x).
• Polar Line ‐ Line plots of independent and dependent variables on a polar grid.
• Sketch ‐ Create plots without data such as drawings, flow charts, and viewgraphs.
16
Interface
Zone Surfaces
Zone Layers
A layer is a way of representing a frame’s dataset. The complete plot is the
sum of all the active layers, axes, text, geometries, and other elements added
to the data plotted in the layers. The six zone layers for 2D and 3D Cartesian
plot types are:
• Mesh ‐ A grid of lines connecting the data points within each zone.
• Contour ‐ Iso‐valued lines, the region between these lines can be set
to contour flooding.
• Vector ‐ The direction and magnitude of vector quantities.
• Scatter ‐ Symbols at the location of each data point.
• Shade ‐ Used to tint each zone with a solid color, or to add light‐
source shading to a 3D surface plot. Used in conjunction with the
Lighting zone effect you may set Paneled or Gouraud shading.
Used in conjunction with the Translucency zone effect, you may
create a translucent surface for your plot.
• Edge ‐ Zone edges and creases for ordered data and creases for
finite element data.
Zone Effects
For 3D Cartesian plot types, use the Sidebar to turn lighting and translucency on or off. Only shaded and
flooded contour surface plot types are affected. Refer to Chapter 12: “Shade Layer” and Chapter 13:
“Translucency and Lighting” for additional information.
Zone Style
Select the [Zone Style] button to launch the Zone Style dialog. The Zone Style dialog is used to customize
the zone layers that you have added to your plot. Refer to the chapter for each zone layer for details on
working with the Zone Style dialog.
Map Layers
A layer is a way of representing a frame’s dataset. The complete plot is the
sum of all the active layers, axes, text, geometries, and other elements added
to the data plotted in the layers.
The four XY Line map layers are:
• Lines ‐ Plots a pair of variables, X and Y, as a set of line segments or
a fitted curve.
• Symbols ‐ A pair of variables, X and Y, as individual data points
represented by a symbol you specify.
• Bars ‐ A pair of variables, X and Y, as a horizontal or vertical bar
chart.
• Error Bars ‐ Allows you to add error bars to your plot.
17
Introduction
The two map layers for Polar Line are:
• Lines ‐ A pair of variables, X and Y, as a set of line segments or a
fitted curve.
• Symbols ‐ A pair of variables, e.g. X and Y, as individual data
points represented by a symbol you specify.
Select the [Mapping Style] button to launch the Mapping Style dialog. The
Mapping Style dialog allows you to customize the style settings for each of
the plot layers and specify the points to plot. The pages of the dialog are
discussed in detail in Chapter 6: “XY and Polar Line Plots”.
Derived Objects
For Cartesian plot types (2D and 3D): Toggle‐on Iso‐surfaces, Slices, or
Streamtraces from the Sidebar to add any or all of these elements to your plot.
Their corresponding Details dialogs can be accessed via the Details [...]
button. Refer to Chapter 16: “Iso‐surfaces”, Chapter 14: “Slices”, or Chapter
15: “Streamtraces” for details on working with these objects.
Transient Controls
When working with transient data, simply press the Play button in the
Sidebar to animate over time. The active frame will be animated from the
Current Solution Time (circled in red) to the last time step. You may also drag
the slider to change the Current Solution Time of your plot.
The Animation Controls have the following functions:
• – Jumps to the Starting Value.
• – Jumps toward the Starting Value by one step.
• – Runs the animation as specified by the ‘Operation’ field of the Time Details dialog.
The Play button becomes a Stop button while the animation is playing.
• – Jumps toward the Ending Value by one step.
• – Jumps to the Ending Value.
Use the Details [...] button to launch the Time Details dialog.
Placement Plane
When you are using certain tools to add objects to your plot, toggle‐on “Use Placement Plane” in the
Sidebar to place them along a given plane (3D Plots only). Use the [X],[Y], and [Z] buttons to select the
plane to use, and use the slider to reposition the Placement Plane. The Placement Plane will appear as a
gray slice in your plot. The Placement Plane is available for:
Placing streamtraces (using the Add Streamtrace Tool )
Placing slices (using the Slice Tool )
18
Interface
Adding Contour Levels (using the Add Contour Level Tool )
Deleting Contour Levels (using the Remove Contour Level Tool )
Probing (using the Probing tool )
Snap Modes
Snap Modes allow you to place objects precisely by locking them to the nearest reference point, either on
the axis grid or on the workspace paper.
• Snap to Grid ‐ Constrain object movement to whole steps on the axis grid. This can be useful
for aligning text and geometries with specific plot features.
• Snap to Paper ‐ Constrain object movement to whole steps on the paperʹs ruler grid. This can
be useful for positioning frames precisely for printing, or for absolute positioning of text,
geometries, and other plot elements.
Details Button
The [Details] button is located immediately below the snap modes. It is context sensitive. Use this button
to call up the dialog most directly applicable to your current action. When the currently selected tool is
either the Selector or the Adjustor , but no objects are selected in the workspace, the [Details]
button is labeled [Quick Edit]. Otherwise, the button is labeled Object Details when an object is selected
and Tool Details when your mouse cursor is not in “selector” mode and an object is not selected.
Object Details
The [Object Details] button in the Sidebar calls up the dialog that most closely reflects the current state of
the cursor. For example, if you select a legend and then [Object Details], the Legend dialog will open.
Tool Details
[Tool Details] calls up the dialog related to the current state of the cursor. For example, if a rotate tool is
selected, [Tool Details] calls up the 3D Rotate dialog.
Redraw Buttons
The redraw buttons allow you to keep your plot up to date: [Redraw All] CTRL‐D redraws all frames
(SHIFT‐[Redraw All] completely regenerates the workspace); [Redraw] CTRL‐R redraws only the active
frame.
Auto Redraw
Use Auto Redraw ‐ When selected, the plot will be automatically redrawn, whenever style or data
changes. Some users prefer to turn this option off while setting multiple style settings and then manually
press the [Redraw] or [Redraw All] button on the Sidebar to see a full plot.
You can interrupt an auto-redraw at any time with a mouse click or key press.
19
Introduction
Cache Graphics
Tecplot 360 uses OpenGL® to render plots. OpenGL provides for the ability to cache graphic instructions
for rendering and can re‐render the cached graphics much faster than if Tecplot 360 sends the instructions
again. This is particularly true for interactive manipulation of a plot. However, this performance potential
comes at the cost of using more memory. If the memory need is too high, the overall performance could be
less. There are three graphics cache modes: cache all graphics, cache only lightweight graphics objects, and
do not cache graphics.
When “Cache Graphics” is selected in the Sidebar, Tecplot 360 assumes there is enough memory to
generate the graphics cache. Assuming this is true, Tecplot 360’s rendering performance will be optimal
for interactive manipulation of plots.
When memory constraints are very limited, consider toggling‐off “Cache Graphics”. If you intend to
interact with the plot, also consider setting the Plot Approximation mode set to “All Frames Always
Approximated”.
See Section “Graphics Cache” on page 483 for more information.
Plot Approximations
When Plot Approximation is selected and if the number of data points is above the point threshold, an
approximate plot for style, data, and interactive view changes is rendered. The approximate plot is
followed immediately by the full plot. This option provides for good interactive performance with the
final plot always displayed in the full representation.
See Section “Plot Approximation” on page 482 for more information.
1 - 1.3 Toolbar
Each of the tools represented in the Toolbar changes the mouse mode and allows you to interactively edit
your plot.
Double-click on a tool to launch the Details dialog associated with the tool.
Selector Tool
Use the Selector tool to select objects in your workspace. The selected objects can be modified using
the Quick Edit dialog and (in some cases) the Selector tool itself.
The following objects can be moved (translated) using the Selector tool:
• frames
• axis grid area
• text
• geometries
• contour labels
• streamtraces
• streamtrace termination line
• legends
• 3D frame axis
20
Interface
To select an object and open that objectʹs attributes dialog, either double‐click on any object or drag the
cursor to select groups of objects (calls up Group Select dialog). Select the [OK] button, then select [Object
Details].
Adjustor Tool
Use the Adjustor tool to perform any of the following modifications to your plot and data:
• Location of individual or groups of data points in the grid.
• Values of the dataset variables at a particular point.
• Length or placement of individual axes (2D Cartesian and XY Line plot types only).
• Spacing between an axis label and its associated axis (2D Cartesian and XY Line plot types
only).
• Shape of a polyline.
For all other scenarios, the behavior of the Adjustor mode is identical to that of the Selector tool.
The Adjustor tool can alter your data. Be sure you want to use the Adjustor tool before
dragging points in the data region.
To select multiple points ‐ You can either SHIFT‐click after selecting your initial point to select additional
points, or you can draw a group select band to select the points within the band. (In line plots, you can
select points from only one mapping at a time.)
Once you have selected all desired points, move the Adjustor over the selection handles of one of the
points, then click‐and‐drag to the desired location of the first data point. The other selected points will
move as a unit with respect to the chosen data point, maintaining their relative positions.
For XY Line plots, if several mappings are using the same data for one of the variables,
adjusting one of the mappings will result in simultaneous adjustments to the others. You
can avoid this by pressing the H or V key on your keyboard while adjusting the selected
point. The H and V keys restrict the adjustment to the horizontal and vertical directions,
respectively.
Group Select
The Group Select dialog is opened when you select a group of objects with the Selector or Adjustor tool.
The Group Select dialog allows you to specify the following object types (if the selection rectangle does
not include a specific object, its associated check box is inactive):
• Text
• Geometries
• Frames
• Zones or Mappings
• Axis Grid Area
• Contour Labels
• Streamtraces
The Group Select dialog offers the following attribute filters:
• Geoms of Type ‐ Choose geometries of a particular type from the drop‐down menu.
21
Introduction
• Geoms with Line Pattern ‐ Choose all geometries having a particular line pattern.
• Text with Font ‐ Choose all text displayed in a particular font.
• Objects with Color ‐ Choose all objects of a particular color. You choose the appropriate color
from the Select Color dialog.
Zoom Tool
Zoom into or away from the plot.
When a mouse‐click occurs (without dragging), the zooming is centered at the location of your click.
There are two zoom modes: plot zooming and paper zooming.
For plot zooming ‐ drag the magnifying glass cursor to draw a box around the region that you want to fit
into the frame. The box may be larger than the frame. Making the box larger than the frame zooms away
from the plot. The region within the view box will be resized to fit into the frame.
If Snap to Grid (located in the Sidebar) is selected, you cannot make the zoom box
larger than the grid area.
To return to the previous view, choose “Last” from the View menu (CTRL‐L). To restore the original 2D
view, choose” Fit to Full Size (CTRL‐F)”.
The results of plot zooming for the 2D plot type are dependent upon the axis mode selected in the Axis
Details dialog (accessed via the Plot menu):
• 2D Independent Axis Mode ‐ Allows the selected region to expand to exactly fit in the frame.
The axes are rescaled independently to fit the zoom box.
• 2D Dependent Axis Mode ‐ In dependent mode, the axes are not fit perfectly to the zoom box.
The longest dimension from the zoom box is applied to an associated axis, and the other axis is
resized according to the dependency relation.
For paper zooming ‐ SHIFT‐drag the magnifying glass cursor to draw a box about the region that you
want to magnify. The plot is resized so that the longest dimension of the zoom box fits into the workspace.
You can fit one or all frames to the workspace by using the “Fit Selected Frames to Workspace” or “Fit All
Frames to Workspace” options from the View>Workspace menu. To return to the default paper view,
choose “Fit Paper to Workspace” from the View>Workspace menu.
Clicking anywhere in your plot while the zoom tool is active will center the zoom around
your click. Alternatively, CTRL‐click centers the plot on the point that was clicked and
zooms out.
Use the center mouse button and drag (or hold down the rollerball and drag) to
interactively zoom into or out of the plot.
This ends the section before the section I’m hoping to rename.
Translate Tool
Use the Translate/Magnify tool to translate or magnify data within a frame or the paper within the
workspace.
22
Interface
While in Translate/Magnify mode, drag the cursor to move the data with respect to the frame, or SHIFT‐
drag to move the paper with respect to the workspace.
Use the right mouse button to interactively translate objects. You can rescale your image
by pressing “+” to magnify, “-” to shrink. If you are SHIFT-dragging to move the paper,
the rescale buttons “+” and “-” will magnify or shrink the paper, as long as you have the
mouse button depressed.
Three-dimensional Rotation
There are six 3D rotation mouse modes:
Spherical ‐ Drag the mouse horizontally to rotate about the Z‐axis; drag the mouse vertically to
control the tilt of the Z‐axis.
Rollerball ‐ Drag the mouse in a direction to move with respect to the current orientation on the
screen. In this mode, your mouse acts much like a rollerball.
Twist ‐ Drag the mouse clockwise around the image to rotate the image clockwise. Drag the
mouse counterclockwise around the image to rotate the image counterclockwise.
X‐axis ‐ Drag the mouse to rotate the image about the X‐axis.
Y‐axis ‐ Drag the mouse to rotate the image about the Y‐axis.
Z‐axis ‐ Drag the mouse to rotate the image about the Z‐axis.
Once you have selected a rotation mouse mode, you can quickly switch to any of the others using the
following keyboard shortcuts:
Drag Rotate about the defined rotation origin with your current Rotate tool.
ALT‐drag Rotate about the viewer position using your current Rotate tool.
Middle‐click‐and‐drag/ALT‐
Smooth zoom in and out of the data.
right click‐and‐drag
Right‐click‐and‐drag Translate the data.
This option can be used without first selecting a rotation mouse mode. Simply
CTRL‐right‐click‐and‐drag hover over your intended point of origin, and then CTRL‐right‐click‐and‐drag
to translate the image.
C Move rotation origin to probed point, ignoring zones.
23
Introduction
Move rotation origin to probed point of data.
This shortcut can be used without first selecting a rotation mouse mode.
O
Simply hover over your intended point of origin, type O, and then CTRL‐
right‐click‐and‐drag to rotate the image.
R Switch to Rollerball rotation.
S Switch to Spherical rotation.
T Switch to Twist rotation.
X Switch to X‐axis rotation.
Y Switch to Y‐axis rotation.
Z Switch to Z‐axis rotation.
Slice Tool
Use the Slicing tool to add a slice interactively by clicking anywhere in your plot. You can also use
this tool to control your slice(s) interactively.
The following keyboard/mouse options are available when the Slice tool is active:
Primary Slices, Start End Slices Active ‐ Turn on intermediate slices (if not
already active) and adds a slice.
+
Primary Slices active [ONLY] ‐ Turns on Start/End Slices and adds a slice.
Start/End Slices active [ONLY] ‐ Turns on Start/End Slices and adds a slice.
Primary Slices, Start End Slices Active ‐ Removes start and end slices.
‐ Primary Slices active [ONLY] ‐ Removes the primary slice.
Start/End Slices active [ONLY] ‐ Removes the Start and End Slices.
Updates the position of the primary slice (if active). If only start and end slices
Click/Drag
are visible, click updates the position of the starting slice.
Determine the XYZ‐location by ignoring zones and looking only at derived
ALT‐click/ALT‐drag
volume objects (streamtraces, slices, iso‐surfaces).
SHIFT‐click Switches from one Primary slice to Start/End Slices by adding a slice.
Move the start or end slice (whichever is closest to the initial click location).
SHIFT‐drag
Show Start/End Slices is activated, if necessary.
I, J, K (ordered zones only) Switch to slicing constant I, J, or K‐planes respectively.
X, Y, Z Switch to slicing constant X, Y, or Z‐planes respectively.
1‐8 Numbers one through eight switch to the corresponding slice group.
24
Interface
Add Streamtrace
Select the Add Streamtrace tool to add a streamtrace interactively by clicking anywhere in your plot.
Select the number of streamtraces to include with each click (rake) using 1‐9 on the keyboard.
Keyboard Shortcuts
DSwitch to streamrods
RSwitch to streamribbons
SSwitch to surface lines
VSwitch to volume lines
1-9Change the number of streamtraces to be added when placing a rake of
streamtraces
SHIFT - Draws a rake on concave 3D volume surfaces. These rakes are normally not
drawn, as they occur outside of the data
Refer to Chapter 15: “Streamtraces” for more information.
ALT‐click Place a contour line by probing on a streamtrace, slice, or iso‐surface.
Click Place a contour line.
CTRL‐Click Replace the nearest contour line with a new line.
Drag Move the new contour line.
‐ Switch to the Delete Contour Level tool.
25
Introduction
Use the “+” key to switch to the Add Contour Level tool and the “-” key to switch back to
the Delete Contour Level tool.
The Contour type must be lines or lines and flood in order for this tool to be active. You
can set the contour type on the Contour page of the Zone Style dialog.
Probe Tool
Select the Probe At Tool to probe for values of the datasetʹs variables at a particular point.
To obtain interpolated values of the dataset variables at the specified location, click at any point in the data
region.
To obtain exact values for the data point nearest the specified location, CTRL‐click at the desired location.
For XY plots, when you move into the axis grid area, the cursor cross hair is augmented
by a vertical or horizontal line, depending on whether you are probing along the X-axis
or the Y-axis. You can change the axis to probe simply by pressing X to probe the X-axis
or Y to probe the Y-axis.
Insert Text
Select the Add Text tool to add text to any frame.
Insert Geometries
Use the corresponding geometry buttons in the Toolbar to insert geometries into your plot.
Polylines
Squares
Rectangles
26
Interface
Circle
Ellipse
If you have data loaded before you create a new frame, you can attach the existing
dataset to the new frame by changing the plot type.
27
Introduction
To specify the maximum I‐index and J‐index, use the Create Rectangular Zone dialog (accessed via
Data>Create Zone).
The active frame must have a dataset attached to it in order for this tool to be active.
This tool is available in 2D plots only.
The active frame must have a dataset attached to it in order for the Create Circular Zone
tool to be active. This tool is available in 2D plots only.
28
Interface
The Quick Edit dialog is accessed via the [Quick Edit] button located at the bottom of the Sidebar when
the mouse‐mode is a standard arrow (i.e. you are using either the Selector Tool or Adjustor Tool). If you
are in a different mouse mode, or you have selected a Text or Geometry object, the Object Details or Tool
Details will be launched in lieu of the Quick Edit dialog.
To use the Quick Edit dialog, select one or more objects in the workspace, then select the appropriate
button in the dialog to change the attributes of the selected object(s). The functionality of each button is
described in the following sections.
Mesh
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls whether the mesh is displayed for selected zones, and if so,
using which types of mesh. The following options are available:
• Y ‐ Show the mesh for the selected zones. The first time you turn on the Mesh layer by either
the Quick Edit dialog or the Zone Style dialog, a dialog appears asking if you wish it
activated. Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the layer.
• N ‐ Turn off the mesh for the selected zones.
29
Introduction
• Wire Frame ‐ Mesh lines are drawn underlying all other field layers (i.e., Contour,
Vector, Scatter, Shade); hidden lines are not removed.
• Overlay ‐ Mesh lines are drawn above all other field plot layers except vectors and scatter
symbols.
• Hidden ‐ Similar to Overlay, except that in the 3D Cartesian, plot type hidden lines are
removed from behind the mesh. In essence, the cells of the mesh are opaque. Surfaces and
lines that are hidden behind another surface are removed from the plot.
Contour
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls whether contours are displayed for selected zones, and if so,
using which plot type. The following options are available:
• Y ‐ Show the contours for the selected zones. The first time you turn on the Contour layer by
either the Quick Edit dialog or the Zone Style dialog, a dialog appears asking if you wish it
activated. Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the layer.
• N ‐ Turn off the contour for the selected zones.
• Lines ‐ Plots contour lines. If you choose this plot type, you can use the Cont Color
attribute to specify Multi‐Color to make the line color vary with the contour‐variable value.
• Flood ‐ Flood the area between adjacent contour lines with a color according to the value
of the contour variable, number of contour levels, and the Color Map.
• Both Lines and Flood ‐ Contour lines are drawn with color flooding between them.
• Average Cell ‐ Each cell or element is flooded with one solid color based upon the
average value of the contour variable at the data points of the cell or element.
• Primary Value ‐ Each cell or element is flooded with one solid color based upon the
primary cell value.
Vector
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls whether vectors are displayed for selected zones, and if so,
using which plot type. The following options are available:
• Y ‐ Show the vectors for the selected zones. The first time you turn on the Vector layer by either
the Quick Edit dialog or the Zone Style dialog, a dialog appears asking if you wish it
activated. Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the layer.
• N ‐ Turn off the vectors for the selected zones.
• Tail at Point ‐ Display regular vectors – a simple stick vector with length proportional to
the local magnitude. The tail of the vector is positioned at the data point.
30
Interface
• Head at Point ‐ Display regular vectors – a simple stick vector with length proportional to
the local velocity magnitude (the square root of the sum of the squares of the vector
components). The head of the vector is positioned at the data point.
• Anchor at Midpoint ‐ Display regular vectors – a simple stick vector with length
proportional to the local velocity magnitude. The midpoint of the vector is positioned at the
data point.
• Head Only ‐ Display vectors as heads only, without the vector shaft.
Scatter
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls whether scatter symbols are displayed for selected zones, and
if so, whether to use plain or filled symbols. The following options are available:
• Y ‐ Show the scatter symbols for the selected zones. The first time you turn on the Scatter layer
by either the Quick Edit dialog or the Zone Style dialog, a dialog appears asking if you wish it
activated. Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the layer.
• N ‐ Turn off the scatter symbols for the selected zones.
• Plain ‐ Use un‐filled symbols for the scatter plot.
• Filled ‐ Use filled symbols for the scatter plot.
Shade
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls whether shading is used for selected zones. This option allows
you to turn off just the Shade layer for specific zones, without completely deactivating the zones. The
following options are available:
• Y ‐ Show light‐source shading for the selected zones. The first time you turn on the Shade layer
by either the Quick Edit dialog or the Zone Style dialog, a dialog appears asking if you wish it
activated. Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the layer.
• N ‐ Turn off light‐source shading for the selected zones.
Edge Border
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls whether the zone edge border is displayed for selected ordered
zones, and if so, what edge type. The following options are available:
• Y ‐ Show edges borders for the selected zones. The first time you turn on the Edge layer by
either the Quick Edit dialog or the Zone Style dialog, a dialog appears asking if you wish it
activated. Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the layer.
• N ‐ Turn off edges for the selected zones.
• Show Entire Border ‐ Shows border lines on all boundaries of the selected zone(s).
31
Introduction
• Show Border Line ‐ Shows the edge border line closest to the selected point.
• Hide Border Line ‐ Hides the edge border line that is closest to the selected point.
• Show Only Nearest Border Line ‐ Shows only the edge border line that is closest to the
selected point and hides all others.
• The first time you turn on the Line layer by either the Quick Edit dialog or the Mapping Style
dialog, a dialog appears asking if you wish it activated. Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the
layer.
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls whether symbols are plotted at each data point, and whether
those symbols are filled or plain. The following options are available:
• Y ‐ Show the symbol plots for the selected maps. The first time you turn on the Symbols layer
by either the Quick Edit dialog or the Mapping Style dialog, a dialog appears asking if you
wish it activated. Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the layer.
• N ‐ Turn off the symbol plots for the selected maps.
• Plain ‐ Use un‐filled symbols for the scatter plot.
• Filled ‐ Use filled symbols for the scatter plot.
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls whether error bars are displayed for the selected mappings,
and in which direction the error bars are drawn. The options are:
• Y ‐ Show the error bars for the selected maps. The first time you turn on the Error Bars layer by
either the Quick Edit dialog or the Mapping Style dialog, a dialog appears asking if you wish
it activated. Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the layer.
• N ‐ Turn off the error bars for the selected maps.
• Top ‐ Error bar extends upward for positive values (and downward for negative values)
of the error bar variable.
• Bottom ‐ Error bar extends downward for positive values (and upward for negative
values) of the error bar variable.
• Left ‐ Error bar extends to the left for positive values (and to the right for negative values)
of the error bar variable.
• Right ‐ Error bar extends to the right for positive values (and to the left for negative
values) of the error bar variable.
• Horizontal ‐ Error bar extends both left and right.
32
Interface
• Vertical ‐ Error bar extends both up and down.
• Cross ‐ Error bar extends up, down, left, and right.
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls whether bars are plotted to represent each data point, and
whether those bars are filled or plain.
• Y ‐ Show the selected maps as bar charts. The first time you turn on the Bars layer by either the
Quick Edit dialog or the Zone Style dialog, a dialog appears asking if you wish it activated.
Select [Yes] to confirm turning on the layer.
• N ‐ Turn off bar charting for the selected maps.
• Plain ‐ Use un‐filled bars for the bar chart.
• Filled ‐ Use filled bars for the bar chart.
Color
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls color options for filled objects, lines, and text.
• Object‐type ‐ Use the Fill, Line, and Text radio buttons to identify the object‐type to modify.
• Color ‐ Select the [Color] button to activate the Select Color dialog. Multi color is not available
for line plots.
• X button ‐ The behavior of the [X] button depends on the object‐type selected.
• Fill ‐ [X] turns off the fill color.
• Line ‐ [X] causes the line color to match the fill color. If no fill color is specified, the [X]
button has no effect.
• Text ‐ [X] has no effect.
Symbols
Use this region of the Quick Edit dialog to change the symbol for the Scatter Zone layer or Symbols Map
layer.
Use the [Size] button to specify the size of the scatter symbols as a percentage of the frame width (in the 2D
Cartesian plot type) or of the median‐axis length (in the 3D Cartesian plot type).
33
Introduction
Line Pattern
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls the line pattern, pattern length, and line
thickness for all selected objects.
• Line Pttrn ‐ Choose the line pattern for the selected zones.
• Pttrn Lngth ‐ Specify the pattern length for the selected line pattern, as a
percentage of the frame width.
• Line Thcknss ‐ Specify the line thickness for the vectors as a percentage of the
frame width.
Arrows
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls arrowhead placement on polylines.
Arrowheads
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls the type, size, and angle of arrowhead for both
selected vectors and selected polylines and vectors. The following options are available:
• Head Style ‐ Choose the vector head style for the selected zones. The following
options are available:
• Plain ‐ Display arrowheads as lines drawn from the head of the vector.
• Filled ‐ Display arrowheads as filled triangles at the end of each vector.
• Hollow ‐ Display arrowheads as hollow triangles at the end of each vector.
• Size ‐ Specify the size of the arrowhead as a percentage of frame height.
• Angle (deg) ‐ Specify the angle between the vector and the arrowhead.
• Enter Value ‐ For both the [Size] and [Angle] buttons, you can choose “Enter” and type in an
exact percentage in the Enter Value dialog.
Font
This area of the Quick Edit dialog controls the font family and size used for selected text. (See Section 18 ‐
1.2 “Font Folders and Fallback” on page 269 for more information on how fonts work with Tecplot 360.)
The following options are available:
• Font menu ‐ Select the font family.
• B, I, R ‐ Select the boldface, italic, bold/italic, or regular version of the font.
• Size (%) ‐ Specify the height for the text in frame units (i.e. as a percentage of frame height).
• Size (pt) ‐ Specify the height for the text in points.
34
Getting Help
Use the Order and Alignment buttons of the Quick Edit dialog to align text within textboxes or the
alignment between selected geometries/textboxes.
• Top or Bottom ‐ Use the Top or Bottom alignment buttons to align selected
geometries and text with respect to one another.
• Push ‐ Use the Push button to push the selected geometries, frames, or text to the bottom of the
draw order. If you select frames including the active frame and use the [Push] button, Tecplot
360 will activate the new topmost frame. Otherwise, the [Push] button will not affect the active
frame.
• Pop ‐ Use the Pop button to pop the selected geometries or text to the top of the draw order. If
you select inactive frames and use the [Pop] button, Tecplot 360 will activate the newest
topmost frame. Otherwise, the [Pop] button will not affect the active frame.
For more information about active frames, see Section 2 - 3.1 “The Active Frame
Receives All Actions”.
35
Introduction
36
2
This chapter discusses the structures and features of Tecplot 360 that act the same regardless of the data
type or plot layers you are using. These include:
• Data Hierarchy ‐ How Tecplot 360 manages data
• Interface Coordinate Systems ‐ Tecplot 360’s use of different coordinate systems, and when
and where they occur
• Frames ‐ Areas in the workspace in which you can create plots and control formatting
• Workspace Management Options Menu ‐ Factors that determine the color and orientation of
your paper, as well as the ruler and grid, in order to precisely size and position objects. For in‐
depth information on Display Performance, refer to Section 32 ‐ 3 “Performance Dialog”
• View Modification ‐ The commands to zoom, translate, and fit plots within frames
• Edit Menu ‐ The commands to cut or copy plot elements from a workspace, and the command
to paste plot elements
37
Using the Workspace
This chart, Figure 2‐1, displays a visual representation of Tecplot 360’s method of data hierarchy.
Figure 2‐1. Data Hierarchy in Tecplot 360. Frames 1 & 2 display Dataset 1, and
Dataset 1 contains three zones from one data file. Frame 3 contains
Dataset 2, which is composed of five zones (two from data file 2 and
38
Interface Coordinate Systems
defined based on the material. For example, a dataset of a fluid tank may have a zone for the tank itself
and additional zones for each fluid inside the tank.
All zones in a given dataset must have the same variables defined for each data point.
Figure 2‐2. Tecplot 360 Coordinate System. The physical coordinate system(s)
of the dataset (for example, 3D Cartesian or 2D Cartesian) are
encompassed in the Frame Coordinate System.
The physical coordinate system (2D or 3D) depends on the plot type of the active frame. Two‐dimensional
physical coordinates are often referred to as grid coordinates. The Grid coordinate system is aligned with
the coordinate system used by the plot axes; the Frame coordinate system is fixed to the frame and does
not change when the plot is zoomed, translated, or rotated.
In 2D Cartesian plots, objects such as text labels and geometries are drawn in either the Frame or the Grid
coordinate system. In 3D Cartesian plots, these objects are drawn in either the Frame coordinate system, or
in what is known as the Eye coordinate system. The eye coordinate system is aligned with the Grid
coordinate system; so objects drawn in the Eye coordinate system move with the data as you zoom and
translate, but remain fixed when you rotate the plot.
39
Using the Workspace
Figure 2‐3 shows a 3D volume plot with streamribbons and a streamtrace termination line. This figure
illustrates how the termination points vary as the plot is rotated. Notice that the termination line itself
remains in place on the screen as the plot is rotated.
Figure 2‐3. Rotating Volume streamtraces with a
termination line in the eye coordinate
system.
2-3 Frames
All plots and sketches display within frames. By default, the Tecplot 360 workspace contains one frame.
You may add additional frames, resize and reposition frames, modify background color, and specify
border and header appearance. Tecplot 360 acts upon only one frame, the The Active Frame Receives All
Actions, at any given time (except when frames are linked). The active frame displays with a darker and
thicker border than the inactive frames so that if you display multiple frames, you can easily see which
frame is active.
Tecplot 360 uses the height of the frame for objects scaled by frame units, such as font
size. When you enter a frame unit value into a dialog or when you set frame size and
position on the paper, you may specify a different unit system (inches, points,
centimeters, or pixels). Tecplot 360 automatically converts the values into frame units.
40
Frames
your new frame, and drag across the workspace to where you would like the opposite corner of your new
frame.
Tecplot 360 will automatically make the new frame the active frame.
For optimal printing of your plot(s), draw frames that sit completely within the paper displayed in the
workspace. To view the paper coordinate system (to easily arrange frames for printing), go to
Options>Paper Setup and toggle‐on “Show Paper on Screen”.
See Section 33 ‐ 3.5 “Create Multiple Frames” for information on simultaneously creating multiple frames.
Data Set Inheritance After creating a new frame, you can assign the frame to share
the dataset of another frame by changing the frame order and the plot type of the new
frame. When you switch a frame without data out of Sketch plot type, Tecplot 360
searches for another frame with which to share data. It performs this search in the order
that the frames are drawn on-screen (which you can adjust by choosing “Order Frames”
from the Frame menu and choosing Draw Order from the List By menu), starting from
the top and moving down. The empty frame will inherit data from the first frame in the
draw order that contains data.
Frame Dimensions
You can size and position a frame by several methods. To use only your mouse, select the frame to activate
the resizing toggles (black boxes on the edges and corners of the frame). Click and drag on a resizing
toggle to resize a frame, or click and drag on an edge in a location without a resizing toggle to change the
frame location. To specify size or position with a dialog, select “Edit Active Frame” from the Frame menu.
To have Tecplot 360 resize frames for you, choose “Fit all Frames to Paper” from the Frame menu.
41
Using the Workspace
In the Edit Active Frame dialog, you may specify the exact
location for the frame’s left and top sides, along with width
and height.
• Left Side ‐ Left edge of the frame, relative to the
workspace
• Top Side ‐ Top edge of the frame, relative to the
workspace
• Width ‐ Width of the frame (coordinates are: left
side to left side + width).
• Height ‐ Height of the frame (coordinates are: top side to top side ‐ height).
The units in the Frame Dimensions region of the dialog are based on the units set for the Ruler Spacing in
Options>Ruler/Grid.
You may also use the mouse or the arrow keys to resize and position frames. Click
anywhere on a frame’s header or border to activate resizing handles for the frame. To
scale frames proportionally (maintaining the vertical to horizontal aspect ratio) select the
frames, then press “+” on your keyboard to enlarge or “-” to reduce.
After selecting frames, you may position them using the arrow keys on your keyboard. You can move
frames up, down, left, or right in one‐pixel increments for precise location.
To fit the active frame to the entire printable region of the paper (landscape
orientation), set Left Side=0.127, Top Side=0.125, Width=10.75, and Height=8.25. Or,
set Width=8.25 and Height=10.75 for portrait orientation. The pink border viewed
when “Show Paper on Screen” is toggled on in Options>Paper Setup marks the
printable region of the paper.
42
Frames
When you select a background color, a Question dialog will appear to ask you whether you would like to
modify all other basic color styles that match the frame background by default. Basic color styles include,
but are not limited to axis, text, vectors, and edges (layer, edges on slices, scatter). When inverting the
background color from black to white (or white to black), the dialog will ask whether to invert the colors
for other objects as well (for example, text or gridlines)
Selecting “Yes” in this dialog will modify the following features:
• For all line type basic colors that match the new basic frame color, the basic line color will be
set to the best show color of the basic frame color.
• For all fill type basic colors that match the new basic frame color, the fill color will be set to the
best show color of new frame color.
Exceptions:
• For geometries and text boxes ‐ If the line and fill colors are the same and filling is active, then
both lines and fill follow the fill rules above.
• For zone, slice, iso‐surface, and streamtrace object types ‐ The basic color shading (fill) only
follows the fill rules above if lighting effects are not being used.
43
Using the Workspace
• Frame Size and Position ‐ Use this option to overlay transparent frames. (See Section “Frame
Background Color Modification” on page 43.)
• X‐Axis Range, Y‐Axis Range (For XY Line and 2D plots) ‐ Links the X‐Axis or Y‐Axis range
and the positioning of the left and right sides of the viewport.
• XY‐Axis Position (For XY Line and 2D plots) ‐ Links the positioning of the X and Y‐Axes
between frames, including the method used for positioning the axes, such as aligning with an
opposing axis value.
• Polar Plot View ‐ Link views for frames using the Polar Line plot type.
• 3D Plot View ‐ Link the 3D axes and 3D view.
• Slice Positions ‐ Link slice positions and slice planes for active slices (not slice style).
• Iso‐Surface Locations ‐ Link iso‐surface values (but not iso‐surface plot style).
• Contour Levels ‐ Link the values and number of contour levels for 2D and 3D plots.
• Value Blanking Constraints ‐ Link all value‐blanking attributes.
It is not necessary to close and reopen the dialog between frames. Simply select another
frame with the dialog open to change the newly active frame.
44
Frames
Links for Active Frame dialog. You can assign frames to groups 1‐20. New frames added to a group take
on the characteristics of previous members of the group.
Figure 2‐4. Five frames in two groups with different linking
When 2D or XY Line frames have dependent axes and these axis ranges are linked, a
“best-fit” attempt is made to match the axis ranges between frames. Misalignments can
occur when the aspect ratios for the lengths of the axes is not the same between two
frames with linked X and Y-axes. Setting the X and Y-axes to be independent allows a
precise match.
Keep in mind, Within-Frame Linking only links attributes between similar objects within a
frame. These attributes are not linked to other frames. The [Apply Settings] buttons turn
on the same Within-Frame Linking properties in other frames.
45
Using the Workspace
• Axis Style ‐ Link activation, colors, line styles, and font styles for objects associated with axes.
• Gridline Style ‐ Link activation, colors, and line styles for gridlines.
• Zone/Map Color between Plot Layers ‐ Link the color of meshes, contour lines, and other
zone layers for Cartesian plots, or link the color of lines, symbols, and other map layers for line
plots.
• Zone Line Pattern between Plot Layers ‐ Link line pattern style and length for meshes, vector,
and contour lines for Cartesian plots.
46
Frames
47
Using the Workspace
you can name and save the style of your active frame as a stylesheet (with the extension .sty). Use the Load
Frame Style action to retrieve your frame style in another frame or layout.
The Save Frame Style dialog has the following options:
• Use Relative Path ‐ By default, Tecplot 360 saves the names of the image files used in the
stylesheet with their relative file paths. If you want to save your stylesheet using absolute file
paths, toggle‐off “Use Relative Path”.
A stylesheet (saved frame style) does not contain any information about the frame’s
data or where that data set comes from.
• Options ‐ The [Options] button launches the Save Style
Options dialog. Use the Save Style Options dialog to select
the aspects of the frame style to save.
48
Workspace Management Options Menu
The paper is turned off by default in Tecplot 360. Select “Show Paper on Screen” in the
Paper Setup dialog under the File menu to include the paper.
49
Using the Workspace
paper for the horizontal dimension, while landscape uses this for the vertical dimension. You specify the
orientation as part of paper set‐up.
The grid does not display if “Show Paper on Screen” or “Show Grid” are toggled-off.
50
View Modification
2 - 5.3 Zoom
There are two zoom modes: axis (dataset) zooming and paper zooming.
Plot Zooming
Activate plot zooming by selecting View>Zoom or the button from the Toolbar. Drag the magnifying
glass cursor to draw a box. The region within the view box will be resized to fit into the frame according to
the longest dimension of the view box. If “Snap to Grid” is selected (from the Sidebar), you cannot make
the zoom box larger than the grid area.
To return to the previous view: Select “Last” (CTRL-L) from the View menu or “Undo”
(CTRL-Z) from the Edit menu.
Paper Zooming
SHIFT‐drag the magnifying glass cursor to draw a box about the region that you want to magnify. The plot
is resized such that the longest dimension of the zoom box fits into the workspace.
Alternatively, you can fit one or all frames to the workspace by using the “Fit Selected
Frames to Workspace” or the “Fit All Frames to Workspace” options of the
View>Workspace menu.
51
Using the Workspace
2 - 5.10 Center
Centers the plot within the frame. Only the data is centered; text, geometry, and the 3D axes are not
considered. Neither the axes nor the plot is changed in size.
52
View Modification
2 - 5.11 Translate/Magnify
The Translate/Magnify dialog (accessed via the View menu), allows
you to move and resize your plot within a frame (shown below).
Translating using this dialog moves the image of your data with
respect to the active frame. You can translate plots in any direction
within a frame.
The following options are available in the Translate/Magnify dialog:
• Up, Down, Left, Right ‐ Use the arrows to translate the
image.
• Magnification Factor ‐ Change magnification using the up
and down arrows to the right of the text field, or enter a
value in the text field.
• Step Size (%) ‐ Control the step size for each arrow using
pre‐set ranges from the drop‐down, or enter your own
value.
The Translate/Magnify tool (located in the Toolbar) allows you to
translate/magnify the data within the frame or the entire workspace.
Use the SHIFT key to translate/magnify the workspace instead of the
data.
When the Translate/Magnify tool is active, type +/‐ on your keyboard
to increase/decrease the scale of the image.
To use the Magnify tool on the workspace, hold the SHIFT key and click on the
workspace. Then, use the “+” or “-” keys on the keyboard to change the magnification of
the workspace. Single-click on the data to change the mode back to dataset
magnification.
2 - 5.12 Last
View>Last (CTRL‐L) restores the previous view. The “Last” command allows you to step backward
through the resizings and repositionings of plots. Any time you change the view of a frame, either by
zooming, centering, translating, or fitting the plot, the previous view is placed in a view stack. Each frame
is allotted four view stacks, one for each plot type. Each view stack stores up to sixteen views, including
the active view.
2 - 5.13 Rotate
(3D Cartesian plot type only) Calls up the Rotate dialog for image rotation. For further information, see
Section “Three‐dimensional Rotation” on page 23.
53
Using the Workspace
2 - 6.1 Undo
All plot and mapping style modifications can be undone. In addition, you can undo a variety of other plot
alterations. As a rule, Tecplot 360 allows undo for reversible operations that can be restored without
significant impact on the operation’s performance. To undo an operation, select “Undo” from the Edit
menu, or press CTRL‐Z in the workspace.
Specifically, the Undo option is allowed for the following conditions:
• All zone and map style changes.
• Some (though not all) frame control operations, push, and pop.
• Creating new frames.
• Moving and copying line maps.
• View operations.
• Some pick operations.
• Streamtrace actions.
• The following data alterations:
• Deleting zones and variables.
• Renaming datasets and zones.
• Creating rectangular or circular zones.
• Duplication zones.
54
Edit Menu
• Processing Equations. (Except equations containing derivatives.)
Undo is unavailable for all data operations once an Undo operation has been performed
on an un-allowed item. In addition, once an operation is performed that cannot be
undone, the entire undo history for that frame is erased.
2 - 6.4 Push
Push the selected item to the bottom of the active draw stack. The plot is drawn on your screen from the
bottom of the draw stack to the top; elements lying further down in the stack may be partially obscured by
elements higher up. The following types of objects may be pushed: text, geometries, 2D or X‐Y grid areas,
and frames.
2 - 6.5 Pop
Pop the selected item to the top of the active draw stack. The following types of objects may be popped:
text, geometries, 2D, or X‐Y grid areas, and frames.
2 - 6.6 Cut
Edit>Cut or CTRL‐X removes the selected item from the plot and the active dataset (if applicable), and
stores the removed item in the Paste buffer.
In Windows and Macintosh platforms, the Cut, Copy, and Paste options work only within
Tecplot 360. However, the Edit menu’s “Copy Plot to Clipboard” option allows you to
copy Tecplot 360 frames and paste them into other applications. See Section 26 - 6
“Clipboard Exporting to Other Applications” for a discussion of this feature.
2 - 6.7 Copy
Edit>Copy or CTRL‐C stores the selected item in the Paste buffer. The Paste buffer is specific to Tecplot
360.
55
Using the Workspace
2 - 6.8 Paste
Use Edit>Paste or CTRL‐V to add the contents of the Paste buffer to the active plot. If the object is being
copied into the same frame, the new object will be overlaid directly over the original object. Use the
Selector or the Adjustor tool to move the copied item to different locations in the frame.
Pasting from the Paste buffer is allowed only between compatible frames. Attempting to
copy an object into a frame that does not hold an appropriate data type results in an
error message.
2 - 6.9 Clear
Remove the selected item from the plot and from the active dataset. Cleared items are not stored in the
Paste buffer.
If you cut or clear the only Tecplot 360 frame in the workspace, Tecplot 360
automatically creates a blank frame to replace it.
56
3
Data Structure
Tecplot 360 accommodates two different types of data: Ordered Data and Indexing Cell‐centered Ordered
Data.
The connectivity list for this example would appear as follows:
ConnList[8] = {4,5,2,1, /* nodes for Element 1 */
57
Data Structure
5,6,3,2}; /* nodes for Element 2 */
• Two‐dimensional Ordered Data (IJ‐ordered, JK‐ordered, IK‐ordered)
A two‐dimensional array where two of the three
dimensions (IMAX, JMAX, KMAX) are greater
than one, and the other dimension is equal to
one. For nodal data, the number of stored values
is equal to IMAX * JMAX * KMAX. For cell‐
centered IJ‐ordered data (where IMAX and
JMAX are greater than one, and KMAX is equal
to one), the number of stored values is (IMAX‐
1)(JMAX‐1) ‐ similarly for JK‐ordered and IK‐
ordered data.
• Three‐dimensional Ordered Data (IJK‐ordered)
A three‐dimensional array where all
IMAX, JMAX and KMAX are each
greater than one. For nodal ordered
data, the number of nodes is the
product of the I‐, J‐, and K‐dimensions.
For nodal data, the number of stored
values is equal to IMAX * JMAX *
KMAX. For cell‐centered data, the
number of stored values is (IMAX‐
1)(JMAX‐1)(KMAX‐1).
58
Ordered Data
Figure 3‐1. An IJ‐ordered zone dimensioned 3x4. Cell index
numbers are based on the point number in the
lowest corner of the the cell.
To access a cell‐centered value for the cell in the upper right hand corner, use the following:
IMax = 3
JMax = 4
KMax = 1
I = 2
J = 3
K = 1
CellIndex= I + (J‐1)*IMax + (K‐1)*IMax*JMax
You’ll notice that the equations are exactly the same as with nodal data. As a result there are gaps of
unused values at IMax, JMax, and KMax that must be left unassigned. NOTE: The above equation is
generic for 1D, 2D and 3D data. It simplifies for the lower dimensions.
59
Data Structure
At each node, N variables (V1, V2, ..., VN) are defined. If you arrange the data in a table where the values
of the variables (N values) at a node are given in a row, and there is one row for each node, the table would
appear something like that shown below.
V1 V2 V3 ... VN (Values at node I = 1)
V1 V2 V3 ... VN (Values at node I = 2)
V1 V2 V3 ... VN (Values at node I = 3)
V1 V2 V3 ... VN
V1 V2 V3 ... VN
V1 V2 V3 ... VN (Values at node I = IMax)
Table 3 - 1: Table of values for I-ordered Nodal Data (typical for XY plots).
See Chapter 15: “Setting Plot Style” for more information on XY lines.
92000
10
P(N)
90000
8 88000
86000
6 15 10
10
Y(M)
4 5
0 5
Y (M
2 X (M )
)
ex
I-in
0 0
ex ind
nd
de
J-i J-
I-in
x
-2
de
x
0 5 10 15
X(M)
Figure 3‐2. Left, a 2D mesh of IJ‐ordered data points. Right, a 3D mesh of IJ‐
ordered data points.
60
Finite Element Data
your data as a patchwork of elements. Each element can be independent of the other elements, so you can
group your elements to fit complex boundaries and leave voids within sets of elements. The figure below
shows how finite element data can be used to model a complex boundary.
Figure 3‐3. This figure shows finite element data used to model a complex
boundary. This plot file, feexchng.plt, is located in your Tecplot 360
distribution under the examples/2D subdirectory.
Finite element data defines a set of points (nodes) and the connected elements of these points. The
variables may be defined either at the nodes or at the cell (element) center. Finite element data can be
divided into three types:
• Line data is a set of line segments defining a 2D or 3D line. Unlike I‐ordered data, a single
finite element line zone may consist of multiple disconnected sections. The values of the
variables at each data point (node) are entered in the data file similarly to I‐ordered data,
where the nodes are numbered with the I‐index. This data is followed by another set of data
defining connections between nodes. This second section is often referred to as the
connectivity list. All elements are lines consisting of two nodes, specified in the connectivity
list.
• Surface data is a set of triangular, quadrilateral, or polygonal elements defining a 2D field or a
3D surface. When using polygonal elements, the number of sides may vary from element to
element. In finite element surface data, you can choose (by zone) to arrange your data in three
point (triangle), four point (quadrilateral), or variable‐point (polygonal) elements. The number
of points per node and their arrangement are determined by the element type of the zone. If a
mixture of quadrilaterals and triangles is necessary, you may repeat a node in the quadrilateral
element type to create a triangle, or you may use polygonal elements.
• Volume data is a set of tetrahedral, brick or polyhedral elements defining a 3D volume field.
When using polyhedral elements, the number of sides may vary from element to element.
Finite element volume cells may contain four points (tetrahedron), eight points (brick), or
variable points (polyhedral). The figure below shows the arrangement of the nodes for
61
Data Structure
tetrahedral and brick elements. The connectivity arrangement for polyhedral data is governed
by the method in which the polyhedral facemap data is supplied.
N1
N4
N2
N3
Tetrahedral connectivity arrangement Brick connectivity arrangement
Figure 3‐4. Connectivity arrangements for FE‐volume
In the brick format, points may be repeated to achieve 4, 5, 6, or 7 point elements. For example,
a connectivity list of “n1 n1 n1 n1 n5 n6 n7 n8” (where n1 is repeated four times) results in a
quadrilateral‐based pyramid element.
Section 4 ‐ 5 “Finite Element Data” in the Data Format Guide provides detailed information
about how to format your FE data in Tecplot’s data file format.
ValueLoction_e ValueLocation;
ValueLocation = TecUtilDataValueGetLocation(Zone,Var);
Switch (ValueLocation)
{case ValueLocation_Nodal :
{
....data is stored at the nodes.
....Access the data accordingly.
}
case ValueLocation_CellCentered :
{
62
Face Neighbors
....data is stored at the cell centers.
....Access the data accordingly.
}
}
A B C
Figure 3‐1. A: Example of node and face neighbors for an FE‐brick cell or IJK‐
ordered cell. B: Example of node and face numbering for an IJ‐ordered/
FE‐quadrilateral cell. C: Example of tetrahedron face neighbors.
The implicit connections between elements in a zone may be overridden, or connections between cells in
adjacent zones established by specifying face neighbor criteria in the data file. Refer to Section
“TECFACE112”on page 28 of the Data Format Guide for additional information.
Use the “Label Points and Cells” feature from the Plot menu to see if your data set can
be easily corrected using a text editor by correcting the values for I, J, and/or K.
2. Use the Data>Triangulate feature (2D only). See Section 21 ‐ 11 “Irregular Data Point
Triangulation”.
3. Use one of the Data>Interpolation options. See Section 21 ‐ 10 “Data Interpolation”.
63
Data Structure
4. If you have multiple zones of irregular data that you would like to combine into one finite
element zone, use the Create Zone>Create Zone From Polylines from the Data menu. Refer
to Section 21 ‐ 6.6 “FE Surface Zone Creation (from Polylines)” for more information.
5. Special Cases (use when interpolation results appear skewed):
• Well data ‐ If points are closely positioned along the depth axis and far apart in physical
space, use the Tetra Grid add‐on to create a new zone with all points connected into 3D
zones. See Section 33 ‐ 3.20 “Tetra Grid”.
• Fluid Measurements ‐ When measurements are taken of fluid properties or
containments, and interpolating to a rectangular zone does not yield good results, use
the Prism Grid add‐on to create a 3D volume zone. See Section 33 ‐ 3.14 “Prism Grid”.
VARIABLES = "X", "Y", "P", "T"
0.0 1.0 100.0 1.6
1.0 1.0 150.0 1.5
3.0 1.0 300.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 50.0 1.0
1.0 0.0 100.0 1.4
3.0 0.0 200.0 2.2
4.0 0.0 400.0 3.0
2.0 2.0 280.0 1.9
2. Save the file, with extension *.dat
3. Load the data file and switch the plot type to 2D Cartesian.
4. From the Data menu, choose “Triangulate”.
5. Select the simple ordered zone as the source zone, and select [Compute].
Irregular Data Point Triangulation
Figure 3‐2 shows a plot of the resulting data. With triangulation, we obtain more elements (seven) than
when we created the dataset by hand (four), and the elements are triangles rather than quadrilaterals.
Figure 3‐2. Triangulated data from Table 4 ‐ 1 of the Data Format Guide.
64
Working with Unorganized Datasets
Figure 3‐3. Irregular data interpolated into an IJK‐ordered zone.
65
Data Structure
66
Part 2 Loading Your
Data
68
4
Data Loaders
Tecplot 360 allows you to load data in a number of formats with loaders that Tecplot 360 or third parties
have produced using the Add‐on Developer’s Kit. Use the File>Load Data File(s) command to load a data
file. The Select Import Format dialog is shown below.
The Select Import Format dialog allows you to select from the following list of data loaders:
• CGNS Loader
• DEM Loader
• DXF Loader
• EnSight Loader
• Excel Loader
• FEA Loader
• FLOW‐3D Loader
69
Data Loaders
• FLUENT Loader
• General Text Loader
• HDF Loader
• HDF 5 Loader
• Kiva Loader
• PLOT3D Loader
• PLY Loader
• Tecplot‐Format Loader
• Text Spreadsheet Loader
See also: the Data Format Guide and Section 4 ‐ 17 “Overwriting Data Files”.
We post new data loaders on our website www.tecplot.com as they become available. You can also build
your own data loaders using the Add‐on Developer’s Kit (refer to Chapter 1: “Introduction” in the ADK
User’s Manual for details).
• File ‐ Enter the name of the file to load.
70
CGNS Loader
• Specify Options ‐ Active when a valid file is entered or selected. This option allows you to
control the data loaded from your CGNS file, including loading only particular zones, field
variables, or partial zones.
If “Specify Options” is not selected, every base, zone, solution, and variable is loaded
into Tecplot 360.
• Load Cell‐centered Data Directly ‐ Toggle‐on to load cell‐centered data directly [default].
When the option is toggled‐off, cell‐centered data will be averaged to the nodes (using the
averaging method specified below).
• Averaging ‐ This option is available only if “Load Cell‐centered Directly” is not selected. When
the field variables are stored at cell centers, either Laplacian averaging or arithmetic averaging
may be used to average the cell data to the nodes they surround. This can result in a bias at the
boundary nodes. Arithmetic averaging is automatically used for ordered/structured zones.
When available, Rind data is used in the averaging.
• Select Zones ‐ Launches the Load CGNS Options: Zones Dialog, which allows you to select
specific zones and partial zones to load.
• Select Variables ‐ Launches the Load CGNS Options: Variables dialog, which allows you to
select specific field variables to load. Grid variables are always loaded automatically.
• CGNS Section Mapping ‐ CGNS files sometimes have multiple node‐maps (referred to as
sections) for each finite element zone. A zone may contain sections with different cell types
and cell dimensions.
• One Tecplot zone per CGNS zone/solution (default) ‐ All sections will be combined
with the zone cell dimension into one Tecplot 360 zone.
• Load each section/boundary as separate Tecplot zone ‐ A separate Tecplot 360 zone
will be created for each section or boundary regardless of cell dimension.
• Transient Options
• Assign Strand IDs to all zones ‐ Toggle‐on to assign Strand IDs to transient zones.
Refer to Section 7 ‐ 2 “Time Aware” for more information on working with transient
data.
71
Data Loaders
Each solution for a CGNS zone is considered a unique Tecplot 360 zone. The CGNS base (B), zone (Z), and
solution (S) hierarchy orders the zones. The integer preceding the word Zone is the Tecplot 360 zone
number assigned to that zone. The integer following Zone represents the order the zone was found in the
CGNS file.
Table 4 ‐ 1 describes the zone description listed in the dialog box. The zone description includes the CGNS
hierarchy information. “CGNS B, Z, S =” followed by three integers representing the CGNS order for the
base, zone, and solution, respectively. “CGNS Z, S =” and two integers are displayed if a single base is
found. The description also indicates whether the zone is ordered (structured) or finite element
(unstructured). I, J, and K‐dimensions are provided for ordered zones; the number of nodes and elements
are provided for finite element zones.
x = Base number “Ordered”
Tecplot Zone order in
“Zone” y = Zone number or
number CGNS file
z = Structure number “FE”
Table 4 - 1: Zone Description in the Load CGNS: Zones dialog
By default, all zones are selected for reading and displayed in Zones to Load. Use the [Move], [Move All],
[Remove], or [Remove All] buttons to edit the list.
The “Variables from CGNS” list includes all field variables in the CGNS data file, independent of their
zone(s). The “Variables to Load” list contains the field variables that have been selected to be loaded into
Tecplot 360. Initially, both lists are the same. A Tecplot 360 variable number is assigned to each CGNS field
variable that appears in the “Variables to Load” list.
Because Tecplot 360 requires every zone to have the same number of variables, each zone that is loaded
into Tecplot 360 will include every variable in the “Variables to Load” list (regardless of whether the zone
72
CGNS Loader
included that field variable in the CGNS file). The variables that were not originally in the zone will be set
to zero. The field variables that do not appear in the “Variables to Load” list will not have a Tecplot 360
variable number assigned to them.
Use the [Move], [Move All], [Remove], or [Remove All] buttons to edit the Variables to Load list.
FILENAME_CGNSFIL
“filename” n/a The name of the file to load.
E
“Yes” Used to average the cell data to the nodes
AverageToNodes “Yes”
“No” they surround.
“Laplacian” If AverageToNodes is set to “yes”, specify
AveragingMethod “Arithmetic”
“Arithmetic” the AveragingMethod to use.
CGNS files may have multiple node‐maps
(or sections) for each finite element zone. If
you specify “Combine”, all sections are
“Combine” combined with the zone cell‐dimension
SectionLoad “SeparateZones”
“SeparateZones” into one Tecplot zone. If you specify
“SeparateZones”, a separate Tecplot zone
is created for each section or boundary
regardless of cell dimension.
“Yes” Specify whether to load the boundary
LoadBCs “No”
“No” conditions.
“Yes” Set to “Yes” to automatically assign the
AssignStrandIDs “Yes”
“No” strandIDs to your data file.
Specify the zone number(s) of the zone(s)
ZoneList “Z1, Z2, Z3‐Z7, ...” All zones
you wish to load.
Specify the variable number(s) of the
VarList “V1, V2, V3‐V7, ...” All variables
variable(s) you wish to load.
“Zn, Min, Max,
IIndexRange All If you are loading a subset of zones, you
Skip”
may specify the index ranges for each
“Zn, Min, Max, zone. Specify the zone number, minimum,
JIndexRange All
Skip” maximum, and skip value for each index.
Set Zn to “0” to apply the index ranges to
“Zn, Min, Max, all zones.
KIndexRange All
Skip”
73
Data Loaders
When importing a DXF file, no zones are created. Instead, the geometries representing
each entity type are simply added to the frame. Be aware that a typical DXF file can
contain several thousand geometries, and these are all included when you save a layout
file.
74
EnSight Loader
• Import ‐ Select any or all geometries to import: Text, Lines, Arcs, Circles, Points, Solids, 3D
Faces.
• Font ‐ Select the font to use for text. (See Section 18 ‐ 1.2 “Font Folders and Fallback” on
page 269 for more information on how fonts work with Tecplot 360.)
• Attach Imported Items to Zone ‐ Specify a zone to which all imported geometries will be
attached. Clicking the [Select Zone] button produces a menu of zone options.
• Polylines/Import as 2D ‐ All lines and polylines are stored with three coordinates in DXF files.
If you select this option, the loader will add 2D line geometries for all lines and polylines in the
DXF file (the third coordinate will be ignored).
• Polylines/Import as 3D ‐ If you select this option, the loader will add 3D line geometries for all
lines and polylines in the DXF file. To view a 3D DXF file, create or load a 3D zone, import your
DXF file, then choose “Fit Everything” from the View menu.
• Hide Invisible Layers ‐ If this option is checked, objects in layers that are “off” in the DXF file
will be imported with the background color.
75
Data Loaders
format using File>Save>Geometric Entities. To determine what format the files are in, view the case file
and look under the FORMAT section.
EnSight data is stored in a case file, which contains references to all associated geometry and variable files.
Loading the case file will load all the associated files. EnSight parts are translated into Tecplot zones with
the caveat that unstructured parts with dissimilar element types (i.e. a volume element and a surface
element) will only load the primary element type. Unstructured zone names will be prefixed by the type
of zone they represent (point, line, surface, or volume). Vector, tensor, and tensor9 variables are expanded
into the appropriate number of variables with the variable name followed by a suffix. Complex
ʹimaginaryʹ variables will have an ʹIʹ following the name to distinguish them from the ʹrealʹ variable.
Invoking the EnSight data loader immediately displays a file open dialog that allows you to select the case
file. Simply choose the desired EnSight case file, and the associated data files will be loaded.
Specify the full or relative path of the case file
FILENAME_CASEFILE “filename” n/a
name.
Previous versions of the EnSight loader supported options for loading a subset of the data using IJK skip‐
ping, part selection, or variable selection. These options will not generate syntax errors, so old macros will
continue to work. However, IJK skipping is ignored, and part/variable selection is supported only for
Ensight 6 files.
The Excel Loader is useful for basic formats only. Your Excel file must contain only values (no equations).
Tecplot 360 recommends the use of the Excel add‐on from the Util/Excel folder as an easier method to open
Excel data with Tecplot 360 (see Section B ‐ 1 “Excel Macro”). Use the Text Spreadsheet loader for
delimited files (Section 4 ‐ 16 “Text Spreadsheet Loader”).
If your spreadsheet is arranged as Table Format or Carpet Format, the Excel Loader is a point‐and‐click
operation. Once you have selected an Excel file to load into Tecplot 360, the Excel Loader leads you
through a series of dialogs, prompting you to specify a variety of attributes, including the data format in
the Excel spreadsheet, the variables to read into Tecplot 360, and zone information.
Refer to Section B - 1 “Excel Macro” for instructions on loading Excel data into Tecplot
360 via the Excel interface.
76
Excel Loader
Table Format
Use Table format for data that will be plotted in line plots (i.e. data with an independent and one or more
dependent variables). Many spreadsheets containing data to be plotted in 2D or 3D Cartesian plots will
also satisfy the conditions of table format.
A table formatted dataset has the following characteristics:
• The dataset is arranged in one or more adjacent columns.
• Each column is the same length.
• Each cell contains numeric data.
• The first row is a header row containing the variable name for its corresponding column.
• The spreadsheet dataset is imported as a single I‐ordered zone in POINT format with N
variables, where N is the number of columns in the table.
The block of data must be surrounded by empty cells, text-filled cells, or table
boundaries. The loader will not recognize a block of data as being in table format if any
cell adjacent to the block contains a number.
The block of data can contain no empty cells. An empty cell will prevent the loader from
recognizing the block. You can satisfy this condition by filling blank cells with 0.0.
Figure 4‐1 shows a block of data in table format in Excel.
Figure 4‐1. A block of data in table format.
77
Data Loaders
Carpet Format
Use carpet format for spreadsheet data to be plotted in a 2D or 3D Cartesian plot. The carpet formatted
dataset, shown in Figure 4‐2, has the following characteristics:
• The spreadsheet dataset is imported as an IJ‐ordered zone. See Chapter 6: “XY and Polar Line
Plots”.
In Figure 4‐2, the spreadsheet is imported as I=4 and J=4. The three variables are X, Y, and V. In
the spreadsheet cell 2B is index 1, 1, cell 3B is index 2, 1.
• The top row in the block contains the values of the X‐variable, the first column of the block
contains the values of the Y‐variable, and the V‐values are the interior data. This format is
useful if your dataset was generated from a function f, such that f(X, Y) = V.
• The block is a rectangular arrangement of numeric data in the spreadsheet, with a blank cell in
the upper left hand corner.
• There must be no blank cells within the block of data. An empty cell will prevent the loader
from recognizing the block. You can satisfy this condition by filling blank cells with 0.0.
• The block of data must be surrounded by empty cells, text‐filled cells, or table boundaries. The
loader will not recognize a block of data as being in carpet format if any cell adjacent to the
block is filled with a number.
Figure 4‐2. The carpet table shows
values as a simple
Other Formats
The Other format option gives you a great deal of flexibility in loading data into Tecplot 360. A series of
dialogs leads you through the process of describing your data, similar to the way you would specify this
information in a Tecplot 360 ASCII file.
• Default format ‐ The Excel Loader offers a semiautomatic option that requires only that you
specify the upper left and lower right corners of your data block. Once you’ve specified those
corners, it handles the data in the same way that Tecplot 360 handles an unformatted block in
an ASCII file. It assumes one zone of I‐ordered data in POINT format.
• Custom format ‐ Using the Custom format option, you can specify characteristics of your
dataset. Custom format has the following features:
• It allows you to work with spreadsheets containing blank cells or text cells.
• For XY, IJ, and IJK‐ordered data, specify the boundaries of the block to load, and how
many data points there are within that block (IMax, JMax, KMax).
• For finite element data, the number of data points is implied by the number of nodes
and number of elements.
• Allows you to load blocks of cells that you delimit interactively.
78
FEA Loader
• It is the only option for loading finite element, IJK‐ordered, or zone data from Excel. If a
user wants to read in data from an Excel spreadsheet into more than one Tecplot 360
zone, the custom format must be used. The default assumes that all data read should be
put in a single I‐ordered zone.
Solver/File Format File Name/Extension
3D Systems STL .stl
ABAQUS Data .fil
ABAQUS Input .inp
ABAQUS Output Database (Windows platforms only) .odb
ANSYS CDWRITE Input .cdb
ANSYS Result .rst,.rth,.rfl
ESI/PAM‐CRASH DAISY .dsy, .daisy
Fluent/FIDAP Neutral .fdneut
LSTC‐DYNA Input .dyn,.k
LSTC‐DYNA Taurus State D3PLOT
MSC/NASTRAN Bulk Data .bdf
MSC/NASTRAN Output2 .op2
MSC/PATRAN Neutral .out
PTC/Mechanica Design Study .neu
SDRC IDEAS Universal .unv
StarCCM Data .ccm
79
Data Loaders
Files of each of these formats may be loaded by selecting “Load Data File” from the File menu, choosing
the file format from the resulting dialog, and selecting [OK]. FEA formats have “(FEA)” appended to the
format names.
The StarCCM loader that is shipped with the released version of Tecplot 360 is still in
Beta form. This loader can now load boundary conditions.
You can create boundary zones with the StarCCM loader, using a name/value pair. See
Section 4 - 6.5 “Macro Commands for the FEA loader” to learn how.
Choosing any one of these formats will display the main dialog for the corresponding FEA Loader. The
selected format will be displayed in the title bar.
The FEA Loader dialog for the ANSYS Result file format is shown here:
• Select the Browse [...] button to choose the file you wish to load.
• Subdividing Zones ‐ Each zone loaded from an FEA file typically represents the entire
solution at a particular time step or load increment. Sometimes a solution will consist of many
components that you may wish to display individually. To activate this option, choose the
“Subdivide Zones” toggle and select the desired subdivision option from the menu. Tecplot
360 provides you with two ways to subdivide zones: by Component and by Element Type.
• Subdividing Zones by Component ‐ Some FEA file formats include the ability to
identify components or sub‐regions. If this information is available, you may direct
Tecplot 360 to apply it by selecting the “by Component” option. Components within
each solution step will be identified by sequentially numbered zone names in Tecplot
360, for example, “Component 1 Step 1 Incr 1,” “Component 2 Step 1 Incr 1,” and so on.
• Subdividing Zones by Element Type ‐ If component information is not available in a
solution file, the above option will produce only one component per solution step and
increment. In this case, it may still be possible to achieve the desired effect if sub‐regions
in the solution are represented by different element types, such as shell elements and
brick elements. Selecting “by Element Type” from the subdivision option menu creates a
separate Tecplot 360 zone for each element type present in the solution file. Tecplot 360
zone names will then represent each element type, for example, “Quadrilaterals Step 1
Incr 1ʺ and “Tetrahedrals Step 1 Incr 1.ʺ This makes it easy to operate on individual
components or sub‐regions in Tecplot 360ʹs Zone Style dialog by selecting the desired
zones by name.
• Selecting Zones and Variables to Load ‐ See Section 4 ‐ 6.1 “Selecting Zones and Variables to
Load” on page 81.
• Auto Assign Strand IDs for Zones ‐ Regions or components of solutions throughout an
unsteady solution are tracked by Strand IDs. All zones that represent a particular region or
component are assigned the same Strand ID. Selecting this option directs Tecplot 360 to assign
Strand IDs to the loaded zones. This ensures that only the zones representing the chosen
80
FEA Loader
solution time are displayed in Tecplot 360. Zones that do not have Strand IDs assigned are
displayed at all solution times. See also Section 7 ‐ 2 “Time Aware”.
• Add Zones to Existing Strands ‐ If you are appending data to an existing dataset, select Auto
Assign Strand IDs to Zones to append the new zones to existing strands. This is appropriate
where the new data represents the same regions or components as are represented in the
existing dataset, such as an additional solution time level of an unsteady solution.
Use the [Move All], [Move], [Remove], and [Remove All] buttons to add or subtract zones or variables
from the list.
81
Data Loaders
The Variables page is displayed above. The Zones page displays the zone list. If you elect to subdivide
zones, the zones will be subdivided in the list. The figure below shows a zone list where “Subdivide Zones
by Component” has been chosen:
When you have selected the zones and variables you wish to load, select [OK].
The resulting Tecplot 360 zones for each step and increment in the file will be named accordingly in
Tecplot 360, beginning with Step 1 Incr 1. The precise meanings of “Step” and “Increment” are solver and
problem‐dependent, but normally correspond to time steps in unsteady cases, load increments in steady‐
state cases, or frequencies or vibrational modes in harmonic analyses.
Zones from the file will be added sequentially at the end of the current zone list, and new variables, if any,
will be appended to the current variable list. The new zones will not be plotted. Initially, to plot the
appended zones, select them in the Zone Style dialog, click the [Zone Show] button, and choose
“Activate”.
82
FEA Loader
The three sections of this dialog allow you to: deform the plot using deformation read from the solution
file, animate the deformation, and derive new variables from the solution variables.
• Deforming the FEA Plot ‐ Finite element solutions commonly include deformations
calculated from applied loads. When a solution is initially read in, the un‐deformed geometry
is displayed. If the file contains deformation data, you can display the deformed geometry by
toggling‐on “Deform Plots by Factor”. The deformation factor is displayed to the right of this
toggle. You may enter the deformation factor in this text field, or use the up or down arrows
next to it to change it. By default, the Deform Plot by Factor toggle is checked and the field is
set to “1”.
• Animating the FEA Plot ‐ This feature is normally used only with steady‐state deformations
after you have set the deformation factor as described above. If your FEA solution file contains
multiple steps of an unsteady solution, it is more likely that you will animate your entire
solution using Tecplot 360ʹs zone or time animation features. For steady‐state solutions, or for a
single step of an unsteady solution, the animation available via this dialog animates the
deformation of that step by sequentially applying positive or negative factors to the
deformation. To use this feature, choose whether to animate to the screen or to a file in the
Animate Deformation menu, enter the number of steps (frames) you wish to see in the
animation and the number of cycles, then click [Animate]. For one cycle, the animation will
begin at zero deformation, then step up to maximum deformation, then down to the negative
of that maximum, and then back to zero. Upon completion of the animation, the plot will be
restored to the previous deformed plot.
• Deriving New Variables from an FEA Solution ‐ FEA solutions may consist of various types
of stress and strain, or gradients of scalar quantities such as temperature. The lowest section of
this dialog allows you to calculate certain other quantities of interest that may be derived from
these basic solution variables. For tensor quantities such as stress and strain, the principal
stresses or strains plus Von Mises stress are available. For vector quantities, the vector
magnitude may be calculated. Choose the derivation you want in the Derive list, and a list of
candidate source variables in the solution will be displayed in the From list. Choose the source
variable and click [Calculate] to add the desired quantity to the dataset. If Tecplot 360ʹs
1. The StarCCM loader does not automatically display the FEA Post-Processing dialog.
83
Data Loaders
Calculate‐on‐demand feature is active, the variable will only actually be calculated when it is
displayed. In this case, you may notice no delay when you select [Calculate], but some delay
later when you choose to display the variable by selecting it, for example, as the contour
variable.
Animate Options
Select the [Animate] button from the FEA Post‐processing dialog to launch the Animation Options
dialog. (See Chapter 31: “Animation” for more details on animation.)
This allows you to specify options for saving the deformation animation to a file. The following options
are available:
• Width (pixels) ‐ Enter a value in the text field to designate your exported image’s width. The
image region is rendered to the image file to the exact Width by Height specifications. This text
field initially displays the frame’s actual width.
• Height (pixels) ‐ Displays the height of the image based on the value entered for Width,
preserving the shape of the region to be exported. (Calculated by Tecplot 360.)
• Animation Speed (frames/sec) ‐ Applicable only to AVI files. Enter a value in the text field to
set your speed in frames per second.
• Use Multiple Color Tables ‐ Selecting this check box will create a color table for each frame of
the animation. If this check box is not selected, Tecplot 360 will scan each frame in your AVI file
and create an optimal color table from 256 colors for the entire animation.
84
FEA Loader
• FLUENT/FIDAP® Neutral (FEA)
• ABAQUS Input (FEA)
• ABAQUS .fil Data (FEA)
• ABAQUS Output Database (FEA)
• LSTC/DYNA Input (FEA)
• LSTC/DYNA Taurus State Database (FEA)
• MSC/NASTRAN Bulk Data (FEA)
• MSC/NASTRAN Output2 (FEA)
• MSC/Patran Neutral (FEA)
• PTC/Mechanica Design Study (FEA)
• SDRC/IDEAS Universal (FEA)
• 3D Systems STL (FEA)
• StarCCM (FEA)
Each name/value pair should be in double quotes. Refer to the Scripting Guide for details on working with
Tecplot 360’s macro language.
Specify whether to append the current dataset with the FEA
Append “Yes” or “No”
file(s).
“DoNotSubdivide”
SubdivideZonesBy “Component” Specify method of zone division.
“ElementType”
Specify the list of zones to load. You may specify a comma‐
ZoneList “Z1,Z3,Z6‐Z8,...”
separated list or use a range (‐).
“VarName1”+”VarNam Specify the list of variables to load. Use the “+” symbol
VarNameList
e2”+... between each variable name.
“Cartesian3D”
InitialPlotType Set the initial plot type.
“Cartesian2D”
Creates boundary zones for the dataset. Applies only to
CreateBoundaryZones “Yes” or “No” StarCCM data and when not dividing zones. Enabled by
default.
Sorts variable names so that the most useful variables are
ReorderVarNames “Yes” or “No”
first. Applies only to StarCCM data. Enabled by default.
85
Data Loaders
Example
The following example loads “myfile.odb” with the Abaqus Output Database loader. Zones 1 & 2 are
loaded, along with the following variables: external force, stress, material ID, and part ID.
$!READDATASET
'"STANDARDSYNTAX" "1.0”
"FILENAME_File" "myfile.odb"
"SubdivideZonesBy" "Component"
"AutoAssignStrandIDs" "Yes"
"ZoneList" "1‐2"
"VarNameList" "External Force"+"Stress"+"Material ID"+"Part ID"
"InitialPlotType" "Cartesian3D"
"ShowFirstZoneOnly" "No"'
DATASETREADER = 'ABAQUS Output Database (FEA)'
When working with FLOW-3D data in Tecplot 360, we recommend linking the solution
time between frames. Link Solution Time (located in the Animate drop-down menu) is
activated by default. This menu item propagates the solution time of the top frame to
all other frames that contain transient data. See http://www.tecplottalk.com/addons/
timelink/ for more information.
To load FLOW‐3D data, select “Load Data File(s)” from the File menu. In the Select Import dialog, select
the “FLOW‐3D data” option.
The FLOW‐3D Loader dialog has the following options:
• File ‐ Use the [...] browse button to launch the Read FLOW‐3D Data File dialog which will
allow you to navigate to the data file you would like to load. You may load data files with the
flsgrf extension only. Alternatively, you may type the full path of the data file in the File text
field.
• Data Selection ‐ Use the Data Selection region of the dialog to specify whether to load restart
or selected data. You may also opt to Include Particle Data or to select a Data Subset.
• Load Restart Data ‐ Select this option to load restart data into Tecplot 360. Restart data
contains every simulation variable at a small number of time steps.
86
FLOW-3D Loader
• Load Selected Data ‐ Select this option to load selected data. Selected data typically
includes fewer variables than restart data. However, it usually has a larger number of
time steps. Selected data is used to output variables of interest at many time steps
without bloating the output file with ʺuninterestingʺ variables.
Selected data is available in the file only when you request it before the simulation run.
• Include Particle Data ‐ Toggle‐on “Include Particle Data” to load the particle data from
your data file.
• Data View ‐ Use the Data View region of the dialog to specify whether to view the data as
external or internal flow. This option affects how the solid surfaces are drawn at block
boundaries. For external flows, surfaces are drawn only at blocked boundaries in the mesh.
This option is recommended for solutions that involve flow around obstructions in free space.
For internal flows, surfaces are drawn around open space in the mesh, and blocked surfaces
are eliminated. This option is recommended for solutions that involve flow into an enclosed
volume, such as casting results.
• Specify Additional Options ‐ Select the “Specify Additional Options” toggle to launch the
FLOW‐3D Loader Options dialog after selecting [OK] on the FLOW‐3D Loader dialog. The
FLOW‐3D Loader Options dialog allows you to load a subset of zones and/or variables from
the data file. The Options page of the dialog allows you to specify transient options, specify
boundary cell options, and calculate the complement of F.
Variables Page
Use the Zones page of the dialog to select which zones from your dataset to load into Tecplot 360. The box
on the left lists the available zones, and the box on the right lists the variables selected to load into Tecplot
360.
87
Data Loaders
Zones Page
Similarly, use the Variables page of the dialog to select which variables to load.
Other Page
Use the Other page of the dialog to specify transient options, boundary options, and whether to calculate
the complement of F.
The page has the following options:
• Transient Options ‐ Use the Transient Options region of the dialog to specify:
• Time Skip ‐ Specify the interval between each loaded time step. A value of one loads all
time steps, a value of two loads every other time step, and so forth.
• Auto Assign Strand IDs ‐ Select this option to allow Tecplot 360 to assign the Strand
IDs to your data. Regions or components of solutions throughout an unsteady solution
are tracked by Strand IDs. All zones that represent a particular region or component are
assigned the same Strand ID. Selecting this option directs Tecplot 360 to assign Strand
IDs to the loaded zones. This ensures that only the zones representing the chosen
solution time are displayed in Tecplot 360. Zones that do not have Strand IDs assigned
are displayed at all solution times. See also Section 7 ‐ 2 “Time Aware”.
• Add Zones to Existing Strands ‐ If you are appending data to an existing dataset, select
Auto Assign Strand IDs to Zones in order for Tecplot 360 to append the new zones to
existing strands. This is appropriate where the new data represents the same regions or
components as are represented in the existing dataset, such as an additional solution
time level of an unsteady solution.
88
FLOW-3D Loader
For more information on working with transient data, refer to Section 7 ‐ 2 “Time Aware”.
• Calculate Derived Variables ‐ Use the Calculate Derived Variables region of the dialog to opt
to include the Complement of F. The complement of F is calculated as:
Complement of F = {1 ‐ f} • {vf}
where f is the fluid fraction and vf is the volume fraction.
The Fluid Surface, where Fluid Surface = {vf}*{f}, is always calculated and added to the dataset.
• Include Boundary Cells On ‐ Use the boundary cell region of the dialog to specify whether to
load boundary cells on the I, J, or K extrema. An additional layer of boundary cells will be
loaded on the given side of each block for each extremum selected.
• Load on Demand ‐ Toggle‐on “Cache unloaded data in temporary directory” to enable Tecplot
360 to create a temporary directory to cache the data. The data in the temporary directory is
formatted such that it may be quickly read back into Tecplot 360 as needed.
Refer to Scripting Guide for additional information regarding Tecplot 360’s macro language.
Auxiliary name Value
Common.UVar Number of variable ʺUʺ
Common.VVar Number of variable ʺVʺ
Common.WVar Number of variable ʺWʺ
Common.VectorVarsAreVelocity TRUE
Common.PressureVar Number of variable ʺPʺ
89
Data Loaders
Auxiliary name Value
Common.DensityVar Number of variable ʺRHOʺ
Common.TemperatureVar Number of variable ʺTNʺ
Common.StagnationEnergyVar Number of variable ʺRHOEʺ
Common.TurbulentKineticEnergyVar Number of variable ʺTKEʺ
Auxiliary Data can be viewed on the Auxiliary Data Page of the Dataset Information dialog (accessed via
the Data menu).
• Load Case and Data Files ‐ Loads both a case and a data file. The grid comes from the case file,
and the solution comes from the data file.
• Load Case File Only ‐ Loads the grid from a case file.
90
FLUENT Loader
• Load Residuals Only ‐ Loads the residual data (convergence history) from a data file. The
residuals are not scaled or normalized.
• Load Multiple Case and Data Files [DEFAULT] ‐ Displays the File List form in the dialog. You
can load matched pairs of case and data files, or one case file and any number of data files that
match it (that is, that have the same zones).
For all load options above, except Load Multiple Case and Data Files, the following controls are available:
• Case File ‐ Type the name of the case file you wish to load, or click [Select], then select the
name of the file from the resulting dialog.
• Data File ‐ The data (.dat) file contains the solution and the residual (convergence history)
data. Type the name of the data file, or click Select, then select the name of the file from the
resulting dialog.
For the Load Multiple Case and Data Files load option, the following controls are available:
• Add Files ‐ Choose case and data files to load from a file selection dialog. Selected files are
appended to the file list.
• Remove ‐ Remove files you have selected in the file list.
• Remove All ‐ Remove all files in the file list.
• Flow is Unsteady ‐ Indicates that the set of case and data files represents an unsteady solution.
The loader adds a TIME auxiliary data item to each loaded zone. Tecplot 360 does not use this
data, but other add‐ons may.
• Flow Solution is Unsteady/Time Interval ‐ The FLUENT data loader saves the problem time
of each solution as the solution time variable. There are two options for determining the time to
save for each one: (1) reading the flow‐time entry from each .dat file, or (2) applying a constant
time interval to successive .dat files.
• Read Time from Data Files ‐ If this option is selected, Tecplot 360 reads the flow‐data
parameter from each .dat file. If no .dat files are included (i.e. only .cas files are loaded),
the solution time variable will not be created for the zones.
• Apply Constant Time Interval ‐ If this option is selected, Tecplot 360 applies the time
interval specified in the Time Interval text field to zones created from successive .cas or
.dat files. The zones from the first .cas/.dat files are given time 0. Times for successive
files are calculated by incrementing the time of the previous files by the specified time
interval.
• Assign Strand IDs for Zones ‐ Toggle‐on to have Tecplot 360 assign Strand IDs to
transient zones. Common strand IDs will be assigned to each cell or boundary zone with
matching FLUENT zone IDs.
• Add Zones to existing Strands ‐ Toggle‐on to add the appended zones to StrandIDs in
the current dataset.
Add Zones to existing Strands is available only when the current dataset is being
appended and Assign Strand IDs for Zones is toggled-on.
• Time Interval ‐ If “Apply Constant Time Interval” is selected, the time interval entered in the
text field is included.
For the load options other than Load Residuals, some or all of the following controls are available:
• Load Cells and Boundaries ‐ Loads the cell (solution) and boundary zones from the case file.
Each fluid or solid cell zone and each boundary zone will be displayed as a separate zone in
Tecplot 360.
91
Data Loaders
• Load Cells Only ‐ Loads only the cell (solution) zones. Each zone will be displayed as a
separate zone in Tecplot 360.
• Load Boundaries Only ‐ Loads only the boundary zones. Each zone will be displayed as a
separate zone in Tecplot 360.
• Select Zones and Variables to Load ‐ Select in a separate dialog which zones and variables to
load. The option requires the loader to pre‐scan all files, which can be time‐consuming.
• Create All Zones As Polyhedral ‐ Select this option to load all FLUENT zones as Tecplot 360
polytope (polygonal or polyhedron) zones. We recommend you select this option, as
converting all zones to polyhedral zones eliminates the possibility of hanging nodes and holes
in your iso‐surfaces or slices. In this case, the number of faces per element is derived from the
element‐type, and the number of nodes per face is derived from the face‐type. The existence of
hanging nodes (determined from the existence of a cell‐tree and/or face‐tree section) adds to
the number of faces in the element and the number of nodes in the face that contains the
hanging node. Since polygons must have at least 3 nodes, line segment elements will not be
converted. When this option is not selected, only FLUENT polytope zones will become Tecplot
360 polytope zones. In this case, if hanging nodes are encountered, Tecplot 360 will create
larger faces, compress connectivity, and expand face neighbors.
• Include Particle Data ‐ Some FLUENT simulations include the effects of discrete particles,
such as sand grains or water droplets. Select this option to load this particle data along with the
flow solution. All particles from a particular injection will be displayed in a single Tecplot 360
zone (one zone per injection). If you have chosen to select which zones and variables to load,
this option is disabled, but the particle zones and variables will be displayed in the selection
lists, allowing you to load them with the flow solution.
• Average to Nodes ‐ Selecting this option directs the loader to average FLUENTʹs cell‐centered
data to the grid nodes. This can speed up subsequent operations in Tecplot 360, especially
slicing. FLUENT stores solution data at cell centers (face centers for boundary zones). By
default, the FLUENT data loader loads the data cell‐centered as well. However, you have the
option to average the data to the nodes using Arithmetic or Laplacian averaging. Arithmetic
averaging is faster, but calculates values at hanging nodes (nodes in the center of a cell face or
edge) only from those cells where the node is a corner. This can lead to discontinuous contours.
Laplacian averaging option takes additional neighboring cells into account, and results in
smoother contours when hanging nodes are present. By default, non‐grid variables are stored
at cell centers, consistent with FLUENT.
• Arithmetic ‐ A simple, fast arithmetic averaging will be performed.
• Laplacian ‐ A more accurate, much slower averaging will be performed that accounts
for hanging nodes and cell sizes.
92
FLUENT Loader
If you chose the Select Zones and Variables to Load option, select only those zones and variables you wish
to load from the files Fluent Loader Options dialog.
This dialog has a Zones page and a Variables page. The left‐hand list of each page shows, respectively, all
zones and variables contained in the files you selected. The right‐hand list of each page shows the zones
and variables that will be loaded when you select [OK]. Use the [Move], [Move All], [Remove], or [Remove
All] buttons to edit the Zones/Variables to Load lists.
Specify whether to append the
“Yes”
Append “No” current dataset with the
“No”
FLUENT file(s).
“CaseAndData” Specify whether to load case and
“CaseOnly” data files, a case file only,
LoadOption n/a
“ResidualsOnly” residual data only, or multiple
“MultipleCaseAndData” case and data files.
Specify the full or relative path of
the case file name. Used if the
FILENAME_CaseFile “filename” n/a
LoadOption is CaseAndData or
CaseOnly.
Specify the full or relative path of
the data file name. Used if the
FILENAME_DataFile “filename” n/a
LoadOption is CaseAndData or
ResidualsOnly.
93
Data Loaders
Only available if LoadOption is
“ReadTimeFromDataFiles” MultipleCaseAndData. For
“ReadTime
UnsteadyOption “ApplyConstantTime “ApplyConstantTimeInterval”,
FromDataFiles”
Interval” the TimeInterval parameter is
required.
Specify the value of the time
interval. Only available if the
TimeInterval “<double>” “1.0”
UnsteadyOption is set to
ApplyConstantTimeInterval.
“Yes” Only available if LoadOption is
AssignStrandIDs “No”
“No” MultipleCaseAndData.
“CellsAndBoundaries” If “SelectedZones” is specified,
“CellsOnly” “CellsAnd either the ZoneList parameter,
GridZones
“BoundariesOnly” Boundaries” the VarList parameter, or both
“SelectedZones” parameters are required.
Specify the list of zones to load.
You may specify a comma‐
separated list or use a range (‐).
ZoneList “Z1,Z2,...Z3‐37” all zones
This option is only available if
GridZones is set to
SelectedZones.
Specify the list of variables to
load. Use the “+” symbol
between each variable number.
VarList “V1”+”V2”+”V3”+.... all variables
This option is only available if
GridZones is set to
SelectedZones.
Available only for CaseAndData
“Yes”
IncludeParticleData “No” and MultipleCaseAndData load
“No”
options.
Not available if the load option is
ResidualsOnly. Set to “Yes” to
“Yes”
AllZonesArePoly “No” convert all zones to Tecplot
“No”
polytope zones (polyhedral or
polygonal).
Specify whether to average the
“Yes”
AverageToNodes “Yes” cell‐centered data to the grid
“No”
nodes.
Specify the averaging method to
“Arithmetic”
AveragingMethods “Arithmetic” use. Available only if
“Laplacian”
AverageToNodes is set to “yes”.
94
General Text Loader
• Titles ‐ Launches the Dataset Title dialog, which allows you to specify dataset title properties.
• Variables ‐ Launches the Variable Import Instructions dialog which allows you to specify
dataset variable properties.
• Data ‐ Launches the General Text Loader: Data dialog which allows you to specify dataset
field properties.
• General Filters ‐ Launches the General Text Loader: Filters dialog which allows you to specify
general filters when reading your file.
• Configuration File List ‐ This list shows available configuration files. Configuration files can
be edited using a text editor, although this is not usually necessary and is not recommended.
The format of these files is listed on the Configuration page.
• Load ‐ Loads a single configuration file from any location.
• Save ‐ Saves a single configuration file to any location.
• Rename ‐ Renames a configuration file.
• Delete ‐ Deletes a configuration file.
• New ‐ Creates a new, untitled configuration file.
• Data Preview
• View Raw Data ‐ This displays the data exactly how it looks in the file without any
processing.
• View Processed Data ‐ This displays the processed and filtered data that will be loaded.
• View Options ‐ Launches the General Text Loader: View Options that allows you to
select the viewing options.
95
Data Loaders
• Use Title ‐ Manually enter the dataset title, rather than have General Text Loader scan the file
for it.
• Use line number ‐ Enter the line number of the dataset title in the file. The General Text
Loader skips white space on the line until text, and then reads until the delimiter indicated is
found. To include spaces in the title, enclose them in double quotes.
• Use first line containing keyword ‐ Enter a keyword for the dataset title line. The title will
read the first line containing this keyword (case insensitive). General Text Loader searches for a
title on this line in the following order, (unless the delimiter is specified as fixed):
a. First, it will look for any text enclosed in double quotes. If it finds this, then the
enclosed text will be read as the title.
b. If no text in double quotes is found, the first non‐white space text after the keyword
ending with the indicated delimiter will be used.
• Text Delimiter ‐ The text delimiter indicates when the end of text has been reached. You can
set it to one of the following:
• Auto ‐ Space, tab, comma, semicolon.
• Fixed ‐ Each width number of characters on the line is a token field. White space
is removed from the beginning and end of the field.
• Width ‐ If the delimiter is fixed, enter the width of each field here.
96
General Text Loader
• Scan for variable names ‐ Specify the following:
• Start line ‐ Enter the starting line of variable names in the file.
• End line ‐ Enter the ending line of the variable names in the file. This is typically the
same as the starting line.
• Delimiter ‐ The delimiter indicates when the end of each variable name has been
reached.
You can set it to one of the following:
• Auto ‐ Space, tab, comma, semicolon.
• Fixed ‐ Each ʹwidth=nʹ number characters on the line is a variable. White space is
removed from the beginning and end of the field. For example, if the line length is
60 and the width is ten, the columns 1‐10, 11‐20, 21‐30, and so forth, are variable
names. Spaces are removed from the beginning and end of the variable names.
• Width ‐ If the delimiter is fixed, enter the width of each field here.
• Enter Variable Names ‐ Select this option to enter a list of variable names in the dialog box.
Variable names should be separated by carriage returns.
97
Data Loaders
• Select Variables to Load ‐ Launches the Variable to Load dialog.
• Variables to Skip ‐ Displays a list of variables that will be skipped.
• Variables to Load ‐ Displays a list of variables that will be loaded.
Use the [Move], [Move All], [Remove], or [Remove All] buttons to edit the “Variables to Load”
list.
98
General Text Loader
• Start Identification
• First all‐numeric line ‐ Select if the data begins at the first line of a file that contains only
numbers. If you have specified multiple zones, all non‐numeric lines will be skipped at
the beginning of each zone.
• First line after line with keyword ‐ Select if the data begins at the first non‐blank line
after the line containing the specified keyword. The keyword is case insensitive.
• Start at line number ‐ Select to specify the line number where the data begins. Blank
lines are ignored in the data section.
• End Identification
• All lines up to first non‐numeric line ‐ Select if the data ends at the first non‐blank line
containing any text.
• Stop at line number ‐ Select to specify the line number where the data ends.
• All lines up to line with keyword ‐ Select if the data ends at the first line before the line
with the specified keyword. The keyword is case insensitive.
• End of file ‐ Select if the data ends at the end of file.
• Data Identification
• Point format ‐ In this format all values of all variables are given for the first point, then
the second point, etc.
99
Data Loaders
• Block format ‐ In this format all values for the first variable are given, then all values for
the second variable, etc.
• Data value delimiter ‐ The data value delimiter indicates when the end of a data value
has been reached. You can set it to one of the following:
• Auto ‐ Space, tab, comma, semicolon.
• Fixed ‐ Each ʹwidth=nʹ number characters on the line is a token field. White space
is removed from the beginning and end of the field. For example, if the line length
is 60 and the width is ten, the columns 1‐10, 11‐20, 21‐30, and so on, are token
fields.
• Width ‐ If the delimiter is ʹfixedʹ, enter the width of each field here.
• Data Dimension ‐ If the data dimensions are entered, General Text Loader adds zones as
necessary depending on the number of data points found in the file. There must be an equal
number of data points for each zone (equal to the product of the IJK dimensions).
• Auto‐Calculate IMAX ‐ The I‐dimension is calculated based on the number of data
points found. J and K‐max are set to one.
• Specify Dimensions ‐ Specify the I, J, and K‐dimensions for the data. There must be
enough data points found in the file to match the indicated dimensions.
• Allow Multiple Zones ‐ If checked, General Text Loader will attempt to read more than
one zone from the data file.
• Zone ends on line with keyword ‐ If Allow multiple zones is selected and Auto‐
calculate IMax is selected, then you must enter a keyword here to mark the end of one
zone and the beginning of the next. Zones are ended when a line containing this text is
found.
• Ignore non‐numeric tokens ‐ If checked, then any non‐numeric information in the data
sections is ignored. If not checked, General Text Loader displays an error if any non‐numeric
data is found in the data section.
• Ignore All Lines Starting With ‐ If checked, all lines beginning with the entered string are
ignored.
• Ignore All Lines Containing ‐ If checked, all lines containing the indicated text are ignored.
100
General Text Loader
• Ignore Character Column Position(s) ‐ If checked, then the entered columns are ignored when
scanning the file. Columns are entered as a single number or a hyphenated range, one or more
of which may be separated by commas.
If there are tabs in the data file, they are not expanded in this filter. For example, if
column 1 is a tab and you wish to skip column 2, you should enter 2, even though a text
editor will show more than one space after expanding the tab.
• Ignore Specific Lines ‐ If checked, entered lines are ignored when scanning the file. Lines are
entered as a single number or a hyphenated range, one or more of which may be separated by
commas. You may also use “end” to specify the last line of the file.
• Specify Values for Blanked Cell ‐ If checked, you can specify a value which the loader uses
for blank cells.
This option is only available if the data delimiter is a comma or semicolon. You can
change the data value delimiter using the Data Import Instructions dialog.
General Options
• Limit lines displayed ‐ Limits the number of lines displayed in the preview window. For large
files, you may want to set this to a number less than the total number of lines. The fewer
number of lines, the faster the preview display.
• Do not limit ‐ If you select this toggle, the entire file will be displayed in preview mode.
• Auto Process ‐ If selected, General Text Loader automatically refreshes all information about
the file whenever any loader settings are changed. For very large files (multi‐megabyte), this
option is not recommended, since re‐scanning a large file can be time consuming.
Processed Data
• Show variable names and data ‐ If selected, variable names and processed data will be
displayed in the preview window.
101
Data Loaders
• Show variable names only ‐ If selected, only variable names will be displayed in the preview
window.
• Show all non‐processed lines ‐ If selected, all lines which will not be loaded will be displayed
in the preview window.
• Show data in columns ‐ Shows the data in columns where each column is a variable.
• Show data in blocks ‐ Shows the data in blocks where each block is a variable.
CONFIGFNAME = <string>
VERSION = <integer>
# version of the template file (default is 100)
# Note: changing the version number may cause unpredictable behavior
TITLE
{
SEARCH = [NONE|LINE|KEYWORD] # default = NONE
NAME = <string>
# default = “New Dataset”, ignored if SEARCH is not NONE
LINE = <integer> # 1‐based, ignored if SEARCH is not LINE
KEYWORD = <string> # ignored if SEARCH is not KEYWORD
DELIMITER = [AUTO|TAB|SPACE|SEMICOLON|COMMA|FIXED]
WIDTH = <integer> # Valid only if DELIMITER = FIXED
}
VARIABLES
{
SEARCH = [NONE|LINE]
NAMES = <string> # ignored if SEARCH is SCAN
# <string> is a comma separated string
LOADED = <all|n1,n2,...nn> # list of variables to be loaded
STARTLINE = <integer> # 1‐based, ignored if SEARCH=NONE, default = 1
{
STARTID = [FIRSTNUMERICLINE | LINE | KEYWORD]
{
KEYWORD = <string> # ignored if STARTID is not KEYWORD
ENDLINE = <integer> # 1‐based, ignored if SEARCH=NONE, default = 1
DELIMITER = [AUTO|TAB|SPACE|SEMICOLON|COMMA|FIXED]
WIDTH = <integer> # Valid only if DELIMITER = FIXED
}
102
General Text Loader
DATA
{
IGNORENONNUMERICTOKENS = <boolean> # default = TRUE
IMPORT
LINE = <integer>
# 1‐based, ignored if STARTIDENTIFICATION is not LINE
}
ENDID = [FIRSTNONNUMERICLINE | LINE | KEYWORD]
{
KEYWORD = <string> # ignored if ENDID is not KEYWORD
LINE = <integer> # 1‐based, ignored if ENDID is not LINE
}
FORMAT = [POINT|BLOCK] # default POINT
DELIMITER = [AUTO|TAB|SPACE|SEMICOLON|COMMA|FIXED]
WIDTH = <integer> # Valid only if DELIMITER = FIXED
}
DIMENSION
{
AUTO=<boolean> # default = TRUE
IMAX=<integer> # ignored if AUTO = TRUE, default = 1
JMAX=<integer> # ignored if AUTO = TRUE, default = 1
KMAX=<integer> # ignored if AUTO = TRUE, default = 1
USEMULTIPLEZONES = <boolean> # ignored if AUTO = TRUE, default false
KEYWORD=<string> # ignored if USEMULTIPLEZONES = FALSE
}
}
GLOBALFILTERS # filters are applied cumulatively, so lines matching
# any of the criteria are filtered
{
COMMENT = <string> # ignore lines beginning with <string>
NUMBER = <integer> # ignore all lines starting with line number
<integer>
KEYWORD = <string> # ignore all containing <string> (case insensitive)
COLUMNS = <list> #<list> is a UNIX‐style comma separated list of number
ranges
# example: “1‐80,100‐end”, etc. Must be in double quotes
ROWS = <list> # same as above
USEBLANKCELLVALUE = <boolean> # if TRUE, then the value of blank cells
is BLANKCELLVALUE
BLANKCELLVALUE = <double> # blank cell value. Ignored if
USEBLANKCELLVALUE is FALSE
}
Where <string> is a file name or file path. Settings will be loaded from the file name specified in <string>.
This command is only allowed in conjunction with the $!READDATASET command as described below. It may
not be used inside a configuration file.
For example, instead of:
$!READDATASET '"C:\test.txt” “VERSION=100 FILEEXT=\"*.txt\"
FILEDESC=\"general text\" "+""+"TITLE{SEARCH=NONE NAME=\"New
Dataset\" LINE=1 DELIMITER=AUTO WIDTH=10
}"+""+"VARIABLES{"+"SEARCH=LINE LOADED= All STARTLINE=1 ENDLINE=3
DELIMITER=SEMICOLON WIDTH=5
}"+""+"DATA"+"{"+"IGNORENONNUMERICTOKENS=TRUE
IMPORT"+"{"+"STARTID=LINE {"+"LINE=4
}"+""+"ENDID=FIRSTNONNUMERICLINE {"+"LINE=1 }"+""+"FORMAT=IJKPOINT
DELIMITER=AUTO WIDTH=1 }"+""+"DIMENSION"+"{"+"AUTO=TRUE
CREATEMULTIPLEZONES=FALSE
}"+"}"+"GLOBALFILTERS{"+"USEBLANKCELLVALUE=TRUE
BLANKCELLVALUE=0.000000 }"'
DATASETREADER = 'General Text Loader'
103
Data Loaders
Using the CONFIGFNAME command, you can write:
$!READDATASET ' “myfile.dat”
“CONFIGFNAME=c:\config_files\myconfig.lgc” ' # contains all of the
instructions in the example above DATASETREADER='General Text
Loader'
4 - 10 HDF Loader
The Tecplot HDF Loader add‐on can load 1D, 2D, and 3D Scientific Data Sets (SDS) from HDF files1. When
a dataset from an HDF file is imported, the file is scanned and a list of all SDS in the file is displayed in the
Scientific Data Sets to load portion of the HDF Loader dialog. Select one or more SDS to import. Every
SDS that you select must have the same dimension. A rectangular I, IJ, or IJK‐ordered zone (for 1, 2, or
3D data, respectively) is created for each SDS that you select to load.
1. The HDF Loader uses the public-domain HDF API code library from the National Center for Supercomputing
Applications (NCSA), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
104
HDF 5 Loader
The HDF Loader dialog has the following options:
• Scientific Data Sets to load ‐ Select one or more SDSʹs to load.
Each SDS that you select must have the same rank (dimension).
• I‐Skip ‐ Select the I‐Skip value. A skip value of one loads every
data point, a skip value of two loads every second data point, and so
on.
• J‐Skip ‐ Select the J‐Skip value.
• K‐Skip ‐ Select the K‐Skip value.
• Select File ‐ Select an HDF file.
• Attributes ‐ Displays attributes of each SDS found, such as
number type, rank, label, and so on.
4 - 11 HDF 5 Loader
The HDF5 loader add‐on allows you to import general HDF5 files into Tecplot 360. The loader provides a
mechanism for importing generic data from multiple HDF5 datasets or groups. The HDF5 loader will load
datasets within user selected groups, load one or more user selected datasets to one zone, load multiple
user selected datasets to multiple zones, execute macros after data has been loaded, create implicit X, Y,
and Z grid vectors as needed, sub‐sample loaded data, and reference user selected vectors for X, Y, and Z
grids. Datasets must be ordered data.
For information regarding HDF5 format, go to http://www.hdfgroup.org/HDF5/doc/H5.intro.html.
105
Data Loaders
assigned the corresponding names of selected datasets ‐ all selected datasets must have equivalent
dimensions.
To import your data, select one or more datasets from the Available Datasets window. All selected
datasets must be identical in dimension; dataset dimensions are shown immediately to the right of dataset
names in the Available Datasets window.
Using Macros
Macros may be defined within a HDF5 vector and placed in any group. Each character string in the
selected vector must be a valid one‐line Tecplot 360 macro. Macros are executed in the order encountered
after all data are loaded.
To run a macro defined as a character vector in your HDF5 file, select the “Run Macros in Selected Group”
toggle. Select the macro you want to execute from the Select Macro pull‐down menu. Your macro will run
after your data has been successfully loaded into Tecplot 360.
Sub-Sampling Data
The HDF5 loader will sub‐sample the first, second, and third dimensions of loaded datasets respectively
as defined by the user. The default skip‐value is 1. When specifying non‐unitary skip values, the
106
Kiva Loader
dimensionality of all selected datasets must be equivalent. Datasets will be sub‐sampled using the user
defined I‐Skip, J‐Skip, and/or K‐Skip values – skip values must be whole numbers.
To sub‐sample data in the first, and/or second, and/or third dimensions of selected datasets, change the
respective I‐Skip, and/or J‐Skip, and/or K‐Skip values located in the HDF5 loader dialog. If the skip‐values
are non‐unitary then selected datasets must have equivalent dimensions.
Grid Generation
The HDF5 loader can automatically create X, Y, and Z grid vectors as necessary for selected datasets. Grid
vectors will be of length equal to the corresponding dimension.
To automatically create X, Y, and Z grid vectors, accept the default setting of “Create Implicit Grid Values”
in the HDF5 loader dialog – this is selected by default. The grid vectors will be created upon loading your
data into Tecplot 360.
4 - 12 Kiva Loader
The Kiva loader imports GMV format files that were exported from Kiva.
• Select Input Files – From this button, multiple files can be selected in the Read Kiva/GMV
File dialog. Those that are in GMV format will be added to the list of Kiva/GMV files. Once
files are added to this list, they will remain in the list throughout the Tecplot 360 session, unless
the [Clear List] button is selected.
• File Selections ‐ Use the File Selection options for long file lists. Identify the first file to load by
entering a number in the Start field, and the last file to load by entering a number in the Stop
field.
Enter a value of 2 in the Skip field to load every other file, or 3 or greater to skip more files. To
see the list selections updated according to the values in the Start, Stop, and Skip fields, click
the [Apply Skip] button. At any time, you can choose to Select All or Deselect All files.
• Velocity Vector – Identify the naming convention for your velocity vectors.
• Loading Options:
• IsDouble ‐ Allows greater precision for your data values.
• LoadParticleData ‐ Adds a zone for any files containing particle data.
107
Data Loaders
4 - 13 PLOT3D Loader
The PLOT3D Loader add‐on can import data files formatted for the PLOT3D program developed by Pieter
Buning at the NASA Ames Research Center. Some extensions such as unstructured data that are now
available in FAST, the successor to PLOT3D, are also supported.
Choosing both will allow you to optionally specify a name file as well. The name file contains names to
replace either the function or solution variable names on a 1‐to‐1 basis for as many names as are in either
file. If a boundary file exists, it must have a name of the form ʹgridfilenamewithextension.fvbndʹ and be in
FieldView 1.4 format to be automatically loaded.
The following table describes what the PLOT3D loader does in all six scenarios:
Existing dataset is deleted and zones (one for each Same as “Not Appending” except original
Grid and grid in each solution file) are loaded. Each set of dataset is preserved. Existing dataset must
Solution zones loaded shares spatial variables with the first have at least as many variables as the number
set of grids loaded. needed by the incoming data.
A dataset must already be present. The existing
Same as “Not Appending” except original
dataset is reduced to contain the same number of
dataset is preserved. Existing dataset must
zones as there are grids in each incoming solution
have at least as many variables as the number
Solution file. Solution variables in the first solution file
contained in incoming solution file. Spatial
Only replace the solution variables in the original zones.
variables are shared with last n original zones
Subsequent solution files create new sets of zones
where n is the number of grids in each
with spatial variables shared with the first set of
incoming solution file.
zones.
108
PLOT3D Loader
Choosing both will allow you to optionally specify a name file as well. The name file contains names to
replace either the function or solution variable names on a 1‐to‐1 basis for as many names as are in either
file. If a boundary file exists, it must have the required syntax ʹgridfilenamewithextension.fvbndʹ and will be
automatically loaded.
The following table describes what the PLOT3D loader does in all six scenarios:
Existing dataset is deleted and zones (one for each Same as “Not Appending” except original
Grid and grid in each solution file) are loaded. Each set of dataset is preserved. Existing dataset must
Solution zones loaded shares spatial variables with the first have at least as many variables as the number
set of grids loaded. needed by the incoming data.
A dataset must already be present. The existing
Same as “Not Appending” except original
dataset is reduced to contain the same number of
dataset is preserved. Existing dataset must
zones as there are grids in each incoming solution
have at least as many variables as the number
Solution file. Solution variables in the first solution file
contained in incoming solution file. Spatial
Only replace the solution variables in the original zones.
variables are shared with last n original zones
Subsequent solution files create new sets of zones
where n is the number of grids in each
with spatial variables shared with the first set of
incoming solution file.
zones.
109
Data Loaders
The PLOT3D Loader can automatically detect most PLOT3D file variants. ASCII files are the most difficult
to auto‐detect as there are a few combinations that have the exact same signature. Pure binary files also
have some combinations that have the same signature. You may also specify the file format manually.
To enhance performance when loading multiple solution/function files, the primary solution/function file
can be chosen to represent the structure of all subsequent files. To activate this option, toggle‐on “Assume
all Solution/Function Files have the same structure”. You must determine if this is appropriate.
Condition Notes
Double Precision You must tell the loader if the incoming file is single or double precision.
I‐Blanking You must tell the loader if the incoming file contains I‐blanking.
There are some cases where these files can appear exactly the same if they are 3D
3D Planar Whole. The PLOT3D loader always favors 3D Whole. If you need to load 3D Planar in
3D Planar ASCII files you must specify the data structure manually.
Condition Notes
There are some cases where these files can appear exactly the same if they are 3D
3D Planar Whole. The PLOT3D loader always favors 3D Whole. If you need to load in 3D Planar
pure binary files you must specify the data structure manually.
110
PLOT3D Loader
If some zones are static and some are time‐aware, load the static zones and then append the time‐aware
zones.
Transient options do not apply to Plot3D equation files since these do not contain time.
111
Data Loaders
The macro language syntax for the PLOT3D Loader that is shipped with the current
version of Tecplot 360 has changed from that of previous versions. Layouts created with
previous versions can still be read, but will be saved with the newer syntax.
The syntax for loading PLOT3D data files with the Tecplot macro language is as follows:
$!READDATASET
‘ “STANDARDSYNTAX” “1.0”
“...any of the name value pairs in the following table...” ‘
DATASETREADER = ‘PLOT3D Loader’
Each name/value pair should be in double quotes:
“n” “file‐1”
Specify the number of solution files,
FILELIST_SOLUTIONFILES “file‐2”.... n/a
followed by each file name.
“file‐n”
“Min, Max,
IINDEXRANGE all
Skip”
“Min, Max, The index ranges for the data to be loaded,
JINDEXRANGE all
Skip” minimum, maximum, and skip value.
“Min, Max,
KINDEXRANGE all
Skip”
Whether to append the read data from to
APPEND “Yes” or “No” “No”
the existing dataset.
Whether to autodetect the PLOT3D file
format variant. If set to “No,” the
AUTODETECT “Yes” or “No” DATASTRUCTURE, ISMULTIGRID, and
STYLE keywords are used to specify the
file format.
“1D”, “2D”,
“3DP”,
Required if AUTODETECT is “No,” otherwise
DATASTRUCTURE “3DW”, or none
ignored.
“UNSTRUCT
URED”
Required if AUTODETECT is “No,” otherwise
ISMULTIGRID “Yes” or “No” none
ignored.
112
PLOT3D Loader
Whether to automatically assign strand
AUTOASSIGNSTRANDS “Yes” or “No” “No”
IDs.
Auxiliary Name Assigned To
Common.ReferenceMachNumber Dataset and Individual Zones a
Common.AngleOfAttack Dataset and Individual Zones a
Common.ReynoldsNumber Dataset and Individual Zones a
Common.IsBoundaryZone Individual Zones
Common.BoundaryCondition Individual Zones
Common.DensityVar Dataset
Common.UVar Dataset
Common.VVar Dataset
Common.WVar Dataset
Common.StagnationEnergyVar Dataset
Common.GammaVar Dataset
Common.TurbulentKineticEnergyVar Dataset
Common.TurbulentDissipationRateVar Dataset
Common.VectorVarsAreVelocity Dataset
Common.SpeedOfSound Dataset
Gb Individual Zones
Bb Individual Zones
Tb Individual Zones
Ib Individual Zones
H b Individual Zones
H1b Individual Zones
H2b Individual Zones
113
Data Loaders
a. Auxiliary data assigned to both zones and the dataset assign the value
from the last zone processed to the dataset.
b. Overflow specific constants.
4 - 14 PLY Loader
Use this loader1 to load 3D triangular surface files with the .ply extension. This format is often used to store
surfaces generated from tessellation of 3D range measurement data. Files may be either ASCII or binary,
but must contain both vertex and face elements (sections). This loader is included in your Tecplot 360
installation.
4 - 15 Tecplot-Format Loader
This section describes the process for loading Tecplot‐format data files. Tecplot 360 uses the standard
extensions .dat for ASCII files and .plt for binary files. Refer to the Data Format Guide for information on
outputting your data into Tecplot 360 file format.
There are four ways to work with Tecplot‐format data files:
• Generate a Tecplot‐format ASCII data file ‐ Read the file into Tecplot 360 and work without
conversion. If the dataset is altered, save it as an ASCII data file. This method works for
smaller datasets where the convenience of an ASCII file outweighs any inefficiencies.
• Generate a Tecplot‐format ASCII data file ‐ Read it into Tecplot 360, then save it as a binary
data file, then work with the binary file. Once you have saved a binary version, you can delete
the ASCII version. This works well for large datasets where ASCII inefficiencies are noticeable.
See Section 24 ‐ 3 “Data File Writing”.
• Generate a Tecplot‐format ASCII data file, then convert it to a binary file with Preplot ‐
Preplot, a utility program included with Tecplot 360, converts ASCII and PLOT3D to binary
Tecplot‐format data files. Once the binary file is created, delete the ASCII version to save
space. This works well for identifying problems with data files, since Preplot’s error messages
include precise details. This method also works well in batch processing, or if the ASCII data
files are generated on another machine. (See Section “Polyhedral ‐ complex example” in the
Data Format Guide for a description of Preplot.)
• Generate a Tecplot‐format binary data file ‐ Read the binary data file into Tecplot 360 and
work without conversion. You must use routines provided by Tecplot 360 to write Tecplot‐
format binary files from C or FORTRAN programs. See “Binary Data” in the Data Format
Guide for complete details.
1. Copyright for Third Party Library. This loader utilizes a modified version of a library written by Greg Turk
while at Stanford University. The copyright for this library is: Copyright © 1994 The Board of Trustees of The
Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this
software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of this software and that you do not sell the
software. The software is provided “as is” and without warranty of any kind, express, implied or otherwise,
including without limitation, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
114
Tecplot-Format Loader
For both ASCII and binary data files, Tecplot 360 supports full data files, grid files, and solution files,
where the file types are defined as follows:
• Full ‐ Full files contain both grid and solution data. Data files produced for Tecplot 360 Version
2006 and earlier are treated as full data files. Full files can be loaded in any order.
• Grid ‐ Grid files contain static data for all zones. They have at least one variable or FE
connectivity; they may contain both variables and connectivity simultaneously.
• Solution ‐ Solution files contain time‐varying data for all zones in the file.
Use the [Multiple Files] button to load more than one Tecplot 360 file simultaneously. This is required
when loading solution data because the grid file must be loaded first.
Tecplot 360 allows you to specifically control what is loaded from your data files by toggling‐on “Specify
Options”. After you select the file(s) to load and select the [Open Files] button, use the Load Data File
Options dialog to specify the information to load from your data file.
115
Data Loaders
Grid A will be shared for Solution Files A, B, and C. Grid B will be used for Solution File D.
On Windows operating systems, you may select multiple files to load by using the SHIFT
key. However, the order is not always preserved with this method. We strongly
recommend that you use the [Multiple Files] button when loading grid and solution
data.
• You may load a grid file with variables or variables and connectivity without loading a
solution file. However, you may not load a grid file that contains only FE connectivity data.
116
Tecplot-Format Loader
To load specific record types from the data file, select the desired record types by choosing the appropriate
check boxes:
Load zone records (the actual data). If not selected, the Zones and Vars pages of the dialog
Field Data
are inactive.
Text Load text records.
Geometries Load geometry records.
Custom Labels Load custom label records.
The toggles are available only if those records exist in the data files. By default, all of the records in the
data files are selected.
If you want to load a portion of the data points, specify skip factors for the I, J, and K‐dimensions in the
corresponding text fields. Each skip factor n tells Tecplot 360 to read in every nth point in the specified
direction. By default, all the skip factors are set to one, so every data point is loaded.
If data being loaded into Tecplot 360 has time associated with one or more of the zones but is missing
explicit strand ID assignments, you can direct Tecplot 360 to assign strand IDʹs by toggling‐on “Assign
Strand IDs for Zones”. This calls a simple algorithm that groups together solutions.
Additionally, if you are appending data, you can direct Tecplot 360 to either add the zones from the new
data to matching strands in the dataset or simply append the new strands.
If you have selected to only load specific zones and want them renumbered upon loading, select “Collapse
Zone List”. (If you are loading variables by position, the check box reads Collapse Zone and Variable
Lists.) See Section “Zone and Variable List Collapsing” on page 119 for more information.
117
Data Loaders
When loading variables by name, variables are associated by name then loaded into Tecplot 360. Variable
names can be combined; two variables with different names in different files can be loaded into a single
Tecplot 360 variable. When a variable name is missing, the variable is set to zero for all zones loaded from
that file.
The Show Variables From box displays variable names from the data files. Filter the list with the drop‐
down menu above the list. Choosing All Data Files shows variable names from all data files in order by
data file and then in order by name. Identical variable names from more than one file appears only once in
the list. An asterisk (*) next to a variable name indicates the variable name does not exist in all the files. A
number next to a variable name indicates the Tecplot 360 variable number to be assigned to the variable.
The Variables to Load box displays variables to be loaded into Tecplot 360. By default, it shows only
variable names existing in all of the data files selected. If no matching variable names exist, the list is
empty. An asterisk (*) next to a variable name indicates the name does not exist for all files. If you load a
file with an asterisk, the file’s zones are set to zero for that variable. Duplicate variable names are not
allowed. Use the [Move], [Move All], [Remove], or [Remove All] buttons to edit the “Variables to Load”
list.
You have limited options in changing” Variables to Load” when appending data files to the current
dataset or replacing the current dataset while retaining the plot style. The list is partially determined by
the current dataset. You can add names or combine new names, but you cannot remove any variable
names.
When appending data files to the current dataset by adding names to ‘Variables to Load”, adding a new
name which exists in the current dataset, but which was not loaded initially, forces Tecplot 360 to reload
the original data files to include the variable name.
118
Tecplot-Format Loader
To specify variables to load from data files, select them in the “Select Variables to Load” box. This multiple
selection box allows you to click‐and‐drag, CTRL‐click, or SHIFT‐click to choose variables. The variable
names listed come from the first data file. If variable names in the other files do not match those in the first,
an asterisk (*) appears next to the name. The number of variables listed is limited to the minimum number
in all of the files. By default, all of the variables are selected to be loaded.
If you have chosen to load specific variables and want them renumbered, select the “Collapse Zone and
Variable Lists” check box. See Section “Zone and Variable List Collapsing” on page 119 for more
information.
When appending files to the current dataset or replacing the current dataset while retaining the plot style,
you cannot select the variables to load. These are determined by the variables currently loaded in Tecplot
360. When appending files to the current dataset, the new files must have at least as many variables as are
currently loaded in Tecplot 360.
119
Data Loaders
partially read the data and do not collapse it, these zones continue to be designated with their
familiar numbers.
If only the active frame uses the current dataset, you have three options:
• Replace dataset and reset plot style ‐ Select this to read in the new dataset in a frame with
style sheet attributes redefined to the new frame defaults.
• Replace dataset and retain plot style ‐ Select this to read in the new dataset, but keep the style
sheet attributes in the current dataset.
• Add to current dataset ‐ Select this to keep the current dataset and add to add the new
specified data file into the current data, in the active frame.
The Load Data File Warning dialog has the following options:
• Create a new dataset and reset the current plot style ‐ Select this to create a new dataset in the
active frame with new frame default style sheet attributes. The other frames will retain the
original dataset and style.
120
Text Spreadsheet Loader
• Create a new dataset and retain the current plot style ‐ Select this to create a new dataset in
the active frame with the style sheet attributes of the current dataset. The other frames will
retain the original dataset and style sheet attributes.
• Add to the current dataset ‐ Select this to attach the new specified data file into the current
data, in the active frame. The other frames will retain the original dataset and style.
• Completely replace the current dataset with the new dataset ‐ Select this to substitute the
new dataset everywhere the current dataset is used while retaining the current datasetʹs style
sheet attributes.
the Text Spreadsheet Loader dialog has the following options:
• Filename ‐ Enter the path to the file you would like to load.
• Delimiter ‐ Choose whether your data is separated by a comma, space, or tab.
121
Data Loaders
• I‐Skip ‐ Select an I‐skip value. A value of 1 loads all values, a value of 2 loads every other
value, and so on.
The Text Spreadsheet Loader can read ASCII files of the following format (blank lines are ignored):
Variable 1, Variable 2, ..., Variable N
datapoint1,datapoint2, ..., datapoint N
.
.
.
datapoint1,datapoint2, ..., datapointN
Here is an example of a valid ASCII spreadsheet file:
Month, Rainfall
1, 15.0
2, 21.0
3, 21.0
4, 32.0
5, 10.3
6, 5.1
7, 2.3
8, 0.2
9, 1.4
10, 8.3
11, 12.2
12, 15.4
122
Overwriting Data Files
In this example, the cycle on the top illustrates the method used for Tecplot 360 to update flow.plt and the
cycle on the bottom illustrates the method used by the application that generates the data to update
flow.plt. Both systems are checking for the existence of read.lock. If you are using a macro in Tecplot 360 to
do this, then you can use the extended macro command, query.fileexists, to determine if the file exists. If
the file exists, Tecplot 360 will disconnect from flow.plt, copy flownew.plt to flow.plt, and delete read.lock. If
read.lock exists and the application that generates the data has an update for flow.plt, the application should
either wait a few seconds and try‐again or skip the data set (this is determined by the application, not
Tecplot 360). If the file does not exist, the application that generated the data is free to copy new data to
flownew.plt.
Note that if you use a macro in Tecplot 360, you can use the capabilities of extendmcr to query for file
existence (refer to the readme.txt file in $TEC_360_2010/adk/samples/extendmcr for additional information).
Disconnecting from flow.plt can be done in a number of ways, one of which is to issue a $!NEWLAYOUT
command. This will completely disconnect Tecplot 360 from the dataset and thus from the associated
datafile.
The file read.lock is like a baton. If it exists, then flownew.plt is said to be “owned” by Tecplot 360. If it does
not exist, then flownew.plt is said to be “owned” by the data producing application. flow.plt is always
owned by Tecplot 360.
One minor issue not addressed in the above example is what the data producing application should do if
the data is being read by Tecplot 360. It can either block (wait) until Tecplot 360 is finished or discard the
current solution and go back to generating another one.
123
Data Loaders
124
Part 3 Creating
Plots
126
5
Creating Plots
127
Creating Plots
• XY Line Bar Charts
The layers available in the Sidebar are dependent upon the active plot type. Use the Details
buttons [...] where available to customize zone layers.
In order to view surfaces on your plot, open the Zone Style dialog, select the Surfaces
tab, and use the [Surfaces to Plot] drop-down menu to choose an available surface
plotting option.
The Zone Style dialog is available by either double-clicking on your plot, selecting the
[Zone Style] button from the Sidebar, or selecting Plot>Zone Style from the Menubar.
4. Use the options in the Plot menu (such as Blanking or Axis Details) to customize how your
data is displayed. Refer to Section 7 ‐ 4 “Three‐dimensional Plot Control” or Chapter 17:
“Axes” for additional information.
5. Use the options in the Data menu (such as Equations or Interpolation) to alter the dataset.
Refer to Chapter 21: “Data Operations” and Chapter 22: “CFD Data Analysis” for additional
information.
6. [3D only] toggle‐on zone effects (translucency and lighting). Refer to Chapter 13:
“Translucency and Lighting” for details.
7. Use the Zone Style or Mapping Style dialogs to opt zones in and out of plot layers or the
entire plot. Refer to Section 7 ‐ 1 “Field Plot Modification ‐ Zone Style Dialog” and Section 6 ‐
1 “Mapping Style and Creation”, respectively, for details.
8. [2D or 3D only] add derived objects (Slices, Streamtraces or Iso‐surfaces). Use their respective
Details buttons [...] to customize any derived objects.
You are not limited to working with only one plot at a time. You can create multiple files at one time using
frames and frame linking. See Section 2 ‐ 3 “Frames” for more information.
128
Dataset Information
• When a variable is calculated for two or more zones, Tecplot 360 determines if the results will
be the same in the different zones, and shares the variable where appropriate. See Section 21 ‐
1.1 “Equation Syntax” and Section 21 ‐ 1.7 “Variable Sharing Between Zones”.
• When zones are duplicated, all variables are shared between the source zones and their
duplicates. See Section 21 ‐ 6.4 “Zone Duplication”.
• When mirrored zones are created. See Section 21 ‐ 6.5 “Mirror Zone Creation”.
• When a data loader supporting data sharing (Tecplot, Plot3D, FLUENT, CGNS, etc.) loads a
variable that is identified for two or more zones. This often occurs with time dependent data,
where the physical coordinates are typically the same for all time steps.
If a zone is altered (independently of zones it is sharing data with), any variable that is
changed will no longer be shared.
Variable sharing and connectivity sharing (for finite element zones) can also be established in a Tecplot 360
data file using the TECZNE parameter. See Section “TECZNE112” on page 44 of the Data Format Guide. In
addition, multiple Tecplot 360 solution files can share the same grid file.
The Sharing page of the Dataset Information dialog allows you to determine which variables are currently
shared in your dataset. See Section 5 ‐ 4.3 “Data Sharing Page”.
Refer to the Data Format Guide for more information on data sharing.
129
Creating Plots
• Zone(s) ‐ Lists all zones by number, with their titles. Select one zone to display its name in the
Zone Name field, where the zone name can be modified.
• Zone Name ‐ Enter a new name for a selected zone.
• Zone Type (Ordered or FE data) ‐ Displays the type of zone selected in the Zone(s) listing. For
ordered data, it is followed by the index values for IMax, JMax, and KMax (shown below). For
finite element data, it is followed by the element type, number of points, and number of
elements:
• IMax (ordered data) ‐ Displays the IMax value of the zone selected in the Zone(s)
listing.
• JMax (ordered data) ‐ Displays the JMax value of the zone selected in the Zone(s)
listing.
• KMax (ordered data) ‐ Displays the KMax value of the zone selected in the Zone(s)
listing.
• Pts (finite element data) ‐ Displays the number of data points in the zone selected in the
Zone(s) listing.
• Elem (finite element data) ‐ Displays the number of elements in the zone selected in the
Zone(s) listing.
• Solution Time (Read‐only) ‐ Displays the solution time for the selected zone (see also Section
7 ‐ 2 “Time Aware”).
• Strand‐ID (Read‐only) ‐ Displays the Strand‐ID for the selected zone (see also Section 7 ‐ 2
“Time Aware”).
130
Dataset Information
• Variable(s) ‐ Lists all variables by number, with their names. Select one variable to display its
name in the Variable Name field, where the name can then be modified.
• Variable Name ‐ Enter a new name for a selected variable.
• Var Type ‐ Displays the type of data of the selected variable in the Variable(s) field.
• Var Location ‐ Indicates if variables are located at nodes or cell‐centers.
• Var Status ‐ Use the Var Status field in the dialog to determine the status of the current
variable. The variable status can indicate the variable passivity, lock state, and additional
system state information.
• Var Range‐Selected Zone ‐ Displays the Min and Max values for the selected variable in the
selected zone.
• Var Range ‐ Active Zone ‐ Displays the Min and Max values for the selected variable for all
active zones.
• Load Variables ‐ If a variable was not initially loaded, “Not Loaded” will be displayed in Var
Range portions of the dialog. Use the [Load Variables] button to load any variables from your
dataset that were not initially loaded. See Section “Load On Demand” on page 485 for more
information.
The following information can be found on the Data Set page:
• Data Set Title ‐ Enter a title for the current dataset, or edit an existing title. The default is the
result of concatenating the titles specified in each Title record encountered in the data files
making up the dataset.
131
Creating Plots
• Data File(s) ‐ Lists the names and paths of all external data files making up the current dataset.
• Num Zones ‐ Number of zones in the dataset.
• Num Vars ‐ Number of variables in the dataset.
• Total Elements ‐ Total number of elements in the dataset.
• Total Points ‐ Total number of points in the dataset.
• Locked By ‐ This field will inform you if the current dataset has been locked by an add‐on.
Add‐ons can lock a dataset which in turn prevents you from deleting zones or deleting the last
frame associated with the dataset.
The following options are provided on the Data Sharing page:
• Zone ‐ Use the drop‐down to select which zone to display its shared variables.
• Variable ‐ Use the drop‐down to select the appropriate variable.
• Variable is Shared in Zone(s) ‐ This box displays and allows you to select individual shared
variables.
• Connectivity Shared with Zone(s) ‐ This box displays and allows you to select specific
connectivity lists.
132
Dataset Information
The Journal page has the following options:
• Journaled Data box ‐ Lists currently journaled data.
• List Commands ‐ Briefly summarizes actions in Tecplot 360 as they apply to the dataset.
• Expand Commands ‐ Displays the commands above in detail, including such things as the
zone number, variable, and value.
Refer to Chapter 24: “Layout Files, Layout Package Files, Stylesheets” for additional information.
133
Creating Plots
The Auxiliary Data page has the following information:
• Show Auxiliary Data ‐ Use the drop‐down to display auxiliary data for zones, datasets,
frames, or names.
• Data Name/Value ‐ Displays the names and values of any auxiliary data.
Refer to the Data Format Guide for information on creating Tecplot 360 data files that include auxiliary
data.
134
Select Color
There are three types of color assignments:
• Contour Groups ‐ The Contour Variables (Multi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) are defined in the
Contour Details Dialog, and the coloring is defined by the Global Color Map. The Contour
Variables are typically used for coloring mesh, contour, vector, and scatter layers.
• Global Color Map ‐ Select RGB to use RGB coloring established in Plot>RGB
Coloring>Variables/Range. RGB coloring is used to illustrate the relationship between two or
three variables in your dataset, by setting R, G, and B to each of the variables.
• Basic Color Palette ‐ Use the basic color palette to apply a single, constant color to a plot
attribute.
For example, you can create a 3D field plot with a contour layer (with colors defined by a contour
variable), an edge layer (with colors from the basic color palette), and a vector layer (with colors defined
by RGB vectors).
The color map is used by all frames; if you change the color map to modify the look of
one frame, all frames with contour flooding or any form of multi-coloring are modified as
well.
To select or modify a color map, select “Color Map” from the Options menu.
135
Creating Plots
You can modify any color map, except the Raw User‐Defined color map, using the controls in the Color
Map dialog.
The Color Map dialog has the following options:
• Link All Color Maps Together ‐ When on, each color map group (1‐8) uses the same settings.
When off, each color map group can have different attributes. If “Link All Color Maps
Together” is toggled‐on when different color map groups are set, all color maps inherit the
settings of the current color map displayed in the dialog.
• Color Map Number ‐ Color maps can be set for up to eight groups. The attributes for each
group are established by selecting a color map number and making changes in the Color Map
dialog. The Color Map Number buttons ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], and [8]) are available when
“Link All Color Maps Together” is toggled‐off.
• Base Color Map ‐ Select one of the following color maps:
• Small Rainbow ‐ Five point color spectrum from blue to cyan to green to yellow to red.
• Large Rainbow ‐ Seven point color spectrum from blue to cyan to green to yellow to red
to purple to white.
• Modern ‐ Seven point color spectrum; within each color band, colors change in intensity
from dark to light.
• Gray Scale ‐ Color spectrum from black to white.
• Wild ‐ Random Color spectrum. Wild is different each time you select it.
• Two Color ‐ A two‐color spectrum.
• User‐Defined ‐ A version of one of the first four options above that can be customized
by the user. You can add or delete control points, as well as change RGB values for each
control point.
• Raw User‐Defined ‐ A version of one of the first four options above that can be
customized by the user. To customize the color map, however, you must save your Raw
User‐Defined map to a file using the Save Color Map dialog accessible from the
136
Select Color
Options menu. Then edit the resulting file, which consists of RGB triplets for every color
in the spectrum. You can modify these RGB triplets as you want, using any ASCII text
editor. See also Section “Color Map Files” on page 137.
You can have only one raw user-defined color map at a time.
• Color Spectrum ‐ Altering the position of the control points allows you to alter the
proportions of colors in the spectrum. Click‐and‐drag control points to adjust the range of the
color spectrum. CTRL+click‐and‐drag the control points to adjust the positions of the control
points.
• RGB Values for control point x ‐ In lieu of manually adjusting the control points, specify
precise RGB values for control point “x” using the RGB sliders. Modifying the RGB values of
the control points changes the spectrum itself.
• Right RGB same as Left ‐ Toggle‐on to define smoothly varying color maps for each two‐sided
control point (any control point except the first or last). Toggle‐off to define sharp
demarcations between color bands.
• Number of Control Points ‐ Available for the User Defined Color Map only, use this field to
adjust the number of control points. If you enter a number less than the current value, the
control points are removed from right to left.
• Color Standard Color Map (user‐defined and raw user‐defined only) ‐ Use this button to reset
the color spectrum to either Small Rainbow, Large Rainbow, Modern, or Grayscale.
• Redistribute Control Points ‐ Select this button to return the control points to their original
positions.
• Reset ‐ Select this button to reset the RGB values to their original values (and also reposition
the control points in their original locations).
137
Creating Plots
RGB components of the field variables at their location. Multi‐colored mesh and contour lines use the
average value across the mesh line.
• RGB Mode ‐ You can either specify all three variables or specify two of the three variables and
calculate the third. The third variable is calculated using the following formula
f(R)+f(G)+f(B)=1.0 (assuming f() is a function that maps R,G,B values into [0,1.0]).
• Channel Variables ‐ Assign the variables which supply the values for the color components, as
specified in the RGB Mode.
• Channel Variable Range ‐ By default, it is assumed that the minimum value for any of the
Channel Variables is zero, the maximum is one, and the sum of the three variables is one at
every point. If the sum is not normalized, you can set a new minimum and maximum. For
example, if your variables sum to 100 at every point, you can enter 100 in the field for Value at
Maximum Intensity.
RGB Legend
To create an RGB legend, select RGB Coloring>Legend from the Plot menu. The RGB Legend is not
available unless RGB coloring is in use. The RGB Legend dialog has the following options:
• Show RGB Coloring Legend ‐ Toggle‐on to include a RGB legend in your plot.
• X(%), Y(%) ‐ Specify the position of the anchor point as percentages of the frame width and
height. (You can also move the legend interactively.)
• Height (%) ‐ Specify the height of the legend in frame units.
• Orientation ‐ Select the order of the coloring channels (i.e. RGB, GBR, BGR etc.). The first
channel listed is shown on the lower left corner, the second on the lower right, and the third at
the top.
138
Select Color
• Anchor ‐ Select the [Anchor] button to call up the Anchor Alignment dialog and specify
which part of the legend is anchored to the position specified in X(%) and Y(%).
• Show Text Labels ‐ Toggle‐on to include text labels in the legend. Use the [Color] and [Font]
buttons to modify the labels. (See Section 18 ‐ 1.2 “Font Folders and Fallback” on page 269 for
more information on how fonts work with Tecplot 360.)
• Red, Green, and Blue Label ‐ Each channel can be labeled by the name of the assigned
variable, or by text you enter. To choose a new label for a channel, click [Specify], and type in
the alternate label. When a channel has been calculated (no variable assigned), no label is
shown unless the user enters text.
• Legend Box ‐ Select which kind of box you want drawn around the legend (No Box, Filled, or
Plain). If you choose Filled or Plain, format the box using the following controls:
• Line Thickness ‐ Specify the line thickness as a percentage of frame height.
• Box Color ‐ Choose a color for the legend box outline.
• Fill Color (Filled only) ‐ Choose a color for the legend box fill.
• Margin ‐ Specify the margin between the legend text and legend box as a percentage of
the text height.
Figure 5‐3. The Basic Color Palette region of the Select Color
Use the Basic Color Palette to define a constant color to the selected plot attribute(s). You may redefine a
color in the Basic Color Palette with the Color Preferences Dialog, accessed via File>Preferences>Colors.
139
Creating Plots
140
6
A line plot is the simplest type of graph produced by Tecplot 360. A line plot includes a dependent
variable (typically the vertical axis, for XY plots) and an independent variable (typically the horizontal
axis, for XY plots). Each line on the line plot represents one series of data points, where each data point is
defined by its independent and dependent variable values. A series of data points is referred to as a
mapping (or map, for short).
Tecplot 360 supports two types of line plots, XY plots and Polar plots. XY plots are plotted on Cartesian
coordinates using X & Y as the independent and dependent variables (See Section 17 ‐ 2 “Axis Variable
Assignment”). XY plots can include line, symbols, bar and/or error bar layers. Polar plots are plotted on
polar coordinates using Theta and R values. Polar plots can include line and/or symbol layers.
An example of XY and Polar Line plots is shown in Figure 6‐1.
90
1000
120 60
800
150 30
600
Angle
Speed
400 180 0
0 200 400 600 800
Speed
200
210 330
0
240 300
-200
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 270
Angle
Figure 6‐1. A plot of speed versus angle in Tecplot 360’s XY Line
(left) and Polar Line (right) plot types.
Line plots are usually created from one‐dimensional, I‐ordered data. The data used for line plots must
have at least two variables defined at each data point. The same number of variables must be defined at
each data point.
You can also create line plots from two or three‐dimensional data in the IJ or IJK‐ordered structure, or
from finite element data by selecting “XY Line” from the plot type menu in the Sidebar. If “XY Line” is
selected, finite element data sets will be treated as I‐ordered (the connectivity list is ignored), IJ‐ordered
datasets will be treated as a family of J‐sets of I‐ordered data, and IJK‐ordered datasets will be treated as
141
XY and Polar Line Plots
K‐planes of J‐families of lines. Use the Indices page of the Mapping Style dialog to select different ranges
and skip intervals for the I, J, and K‐indices. See Section 6 ‐ 6 “I, J, and K‐indices” later in this chapter for
more information.
When you create a line plot, colors, symbol types, and line patterns are assigned to each mapping. These
and other line plot attributes can be changed using the pages of the Mapping Style dialog. To bring up the
Mapping Style dialog, go to the Plot menu and select “Mapping Style”, or select the [Mapping Style]
button on the Sidebar.
In general, select mappings you want to change, and then select the appropriate button above the list of
mappings. Some buttons call up drop‐downs, others call up dialogs. You may change mappings whether
they are shown on the plot or not (activated or deactivated).
142
Mapping Style and Creation
• Map Num ‐ Use the [Map Num] button to select one or more maps according to their map
number(s).
• Map Name ‐ Use the [Map Name] button to access on of the following options:
• Select by Name ‐ Use the Enter Text String dialog to select mapping(s) by name. You
may use wildcards (*) and partial names to select a grouping of mappings at once.
• Edit Name ‐ Use the Enter Mapping Name dialog to change the name of the selected
mapping.
• Map Show ‐ Each mapping can be opted in and out of a plot using one of the following
options:
• Activate ‐ Turns selected mappings on (denoted with “Yes” in the Map Show column).
• Deactivate ‐ Turns selected mappings off (denoted with “No” in the Map Show
column).
• Show Selected Only ‐ Turns on selected mappings, and turns off all other mappings.
• Invert ‐ Switches the current activation settings for the selected map(s).
• A‐axis Variable (where A = X,Y, Theta or R) ‐ The choice of variables is the heart of the mapping.
Each mapping is defined by two variables: X and Y in XY Line plots and Theta and R in Polar
Line plots. You may change the variables assigned to a mapping using the Mapping Style
dialog.
• Zone Selection ‐ Each mapping uses variable values from a specified zone. If your dataset has
multiple zones, specify the zone for each mapping by selecting the [Zone] button.
• Data Point Sorting ‐ By default, mappings are sorted by the order in which they occur in the
data file. You can change this order with the Sort option on the Definitions page of the
Mapping Style dialog.
Choose from one of the following Sort options:
• None ‐ Default behavior of sorting by the order in the data file.
• By Independent Variable ‐ Points are sorted in ascending order of the values of the
independent variable.
• By Dependent Variable ‐ Points are sorted in ascending order of the values of the
dependent variable.
• By Specific Variable ‐ Select a variable from the Select Variable dialog. The points of
the selected mappings are sorted in ascending order of the values of this variable.
Only Line Segment and ParaSpline are affected by the Sort options. Splines are always
sorted by the independent variable. See Section 6 - 2.2 “Curve Types” for more
information on curve types.
• XY Line Plot Axis Assignment ‐ XY Line plots support five X‐axes (X1‐X5) and five Y‐axes
(Y1‐Y5). Newly created mapping use the X1 and Y1‐axes. You can change these assignments,
using the Which X‐axis and Which Y‐axis fields on the Mapping Style dialog.
143
XY and Polar Line Plots
The ranges and scales for each axis are defined in the Axis Details dialog (accessed via the Plot
menu).
Figure 6‐2. An XY Line plot using two Y‐
axes. This file, rainfall.lpk, is
located in your Tecplot 360
distribution under the examples/
XY subdirectory.
By default, the X1 axis is placed at the bottom of your axis grid area, and subsequent X axes at
the top. Similarly, it places axis Y1 at the left of your axis grid area and subsequent Y‐axes at the
right. Thus, in Figure 6‐2, the Seattle rainfall observations are shown along axis Y1 at the left of
the axis grid area, while the error observations are shown along Y2 at the right.
You can also use multiple axes to cycle through mappings with different ranges or axis
settings. You may find it convenient to assign different mappings to different axes so that you
can set axis ranges, axis positions, or other axis attributes independently for each mapping.
• Show in Legend ‐ By default, all active mappings appear in the line legend. However, the
legend only lists mappings with identical entries once. (See Section 6 ‐ 7 “Line Legend” for
details on the Line Plot Legend.) The [Show in Legend] button has three options:
• Always ‐ The mapping appears in the legend even if the mapping is turned off
(deactivated) or its entry in the table looks exactly like another mapping’s entry.
• Never ‐ The mapping never appears in the legend.
• Auto ‐ The mapping appears in the legend only when the mapping is turned on. If two
mappings would result in the same entry in the legend, only one entry is shown.
144
Mapping Style and Creation
Figure 6‐3. Create Mappings dialogs for XY Line plots (left) and for Polar Line
In XY Line plots, you have the following options:
• X‐axis Var versus Y‐axis Var for One Zone (default) ‐ Add a single mapping with one X and
one Y‐variable for one zone.
• X‐axis Var versus Y‐axis Var for All Zones ‐ Define one map for each zone, with the specified
X‐axis and Y‐axis variables. If you choose this option, you specify only the X‐axis and Y‐axis
variables.
• X‐axis Var versus All Other Variables ‐ Create a new set of mappings using one variable as the
X‐variable and each of the other variables as Y‐variables.
• Y‐axis Var versus All Other Variables ‐ Create a new set of mappings using one variable as the
Y‐variable and each of the other variables as X‐variables.
The options for polar line plots are the same as above, but with respect to the
Theta‐axis and R‐axis variables.
Once you have selected a mapping option, you have the option to specify a mapping name and the axis
variables.
• Mapping Name ‐ Enter a name for the mapping in the Mapping Name text field. The default
name is “Map n,” where n is the number of the mapping to be created.
When you first load an ordered dataset, some mappings are automatically created for you. If your dataset
has more than two variables, mappings are created that associate the first variable with each of the other
variables for the first zone only.
145
XY and Polar Line Plots
dialog. This dialog is accessible from the Mapping Style dialog by selecting “Edit Name” from the Map
Name drop‐down. The Enter Mapping Name dialog is shown below.
Enter a new name for the selected mappings, or construct a new name by entering text combined with one
or more of these pre‐defined options:
• Zone Name ‐ Adds the string “&ZN&” to the Map Name field, which is then replaced with the
actual name of the zone assigned to that mapping.
• Zone Number ‐ Adds the string “&Z#&” to the Map Name field, which is then replaced with the
actual number of the zone assigned to the mapping.
• Independent Var ‐ Adds the string “&IV&” to the Map Name field, which is then replaced with
the actual name of the independent variable assigned to that mapping.
• Independent Var Number ‐ Adds the string “&I#&” to the Map Name field, which is then
replaced with the actual number of the independent variable assigned to the mapping.
• Dependent Var ‐ Adds the string “&DV&” to the Map Name field, which is then replaced with
the actual name of the dependent variable assigned to that mapping.
• Dependent Var Number ‐ Adds the string “&D#&” to the Map Name field, which is then
replaced with the actual number of the dependent variable assigned to the mapping.
• Map Number ‐ Adds the string “&M#&” to the Map Name field, which is then replaced with the
actual number of the mapping.
• X‐axis Num ‐ Adds the string “&X#&” to the Map Name field, which is then replaced with the
actual number of the X‐axis assigned to that mapping for XY Line plots. For Polar Line plots,
this option is not available.
• Y‐axis Num ‐ Adds the string “&Y#&” to the Map Name field, which is then replaced with the
actual number of the Y‐axis assigned to that mapping for XY Line plots. For Polar Line plots,
this option is not available.
In addition to the above items, any dynamic text item can be added to the Map Name
field. See Section 18 - 1.5 “Dynamic Text” for more information on Dynamic Text.
146
Line Map Layer
mapping, which may be either a simple collection of line segments connecting all the data points, or a
curve fitted to the original data.
The first two columns, Map Num and Map Name, list the mapping number and the mapping name. The
Map Show field lists which mappings are currently active. The remaining columns of the Lines page of the
Mapping Style dialog contain specific line attributes.
In order for the changes made in the Lines page to be visible in your plot, the Lines
mapping layer must be toggled-on in the Sidebar.
• Line Show ‐ This option allows you to turn off lines for selected mappings, while keeping both
the selected mappings and the Lines map layer active overall.
• Line Color ‐ Set line color for line plots.
• Line Pattern ‐ Set line patterns for line plots.
• Pattern Length ‐ Set the pattern length for patterned lines. Pattern length is measured as a
percentage of the frame height for one complete cycle of the pattern.
• Line Thickness ‐ Set the thickness of lines.
Tecplot 360 offers the following curve types (the names are as shown under the Curve Type drop‐down
and the buttons as shown in the Quick Edit dialog):
147
XY and Polar Line Plots
• Line Segments (No Curve‐fit) ‐ A series of linear segments connect adjacent data points. In
XY Line plots, these will be line segments. See Section 6 ‐ 8 “Polar Drawing Options” for a
discussion of Line Segments in Polar Line plots.
• Linear Fits: A linear function is fit to the data points. In XY Line plots, this will be a straight
line. (Linear fit is not available on Quick Edit dialog.)
• Polynomial Curve‐fits ‐ A polynomial of order N is fit to the data points (where 1 <= N <=
10, for N=1 a Linear Fit is done).
• Exponential Curve‐fits ‐ An exponential curve‐fit that finds the best curve of the form
Y=eb*X+c (equivalent to Y=a*eb*X, where a = ec). To use this curve type, Y‐values for this variable
must be all positive or all negative. If the function dependency is set to X=f(Y) all X‐values must
be all positive or all negative.
• Power Curve‐fits ‐ A power curve fit that finds the best curve of the form Y=eb * ln X + c
(equivalent to Y=a*Xb, where a = ec). To use this curve type, Y‐values for this variable must be all
positive or all negative; X‐values must be all positive. If the function dependency is set to
X=f(Y), X‐values must be all positive or all negative, and the Y‐values must all be positive.
• Splines ‐ A smooth curve is generated that goes through every point. The spline is drawn
through the data points after sorting the points into increasing values of the independent
variable, resulting in a single‐valued function of the independent variable. The spline may be
clamped or free. With a clamped spline, you supply the derivative of the function at each end
point; with a non‐clamped (natural or free) spline, these derivatives are determined for you. In
XY Line plots, specifying the derivative gives you control over the initial and final slopes of the
curve.
• Parametric Splines ‐ Creates a smooth curve as with a spline, except the assumption is
that both variables are functions of the index of the data points. (For example in XY Line plot,
ParaSpline fits x=f(i) and y=g(i) where f() and g() are both smooth.) No additional sorting of the
points is performed; the sorting specified on the Definitions page of the Zone Style dialog is
used for the order of the data points. This spline may result in a multi‐valued function (of
either or both axis variables).
• Extended Curve‐fit ‐ Uses a curve‐fit supplied by an add‐on. These curve‐fits may be
provided by Tecplot 360, a third party, or written by users. The functionality of each extended
curve‐fit is defined by its creator. If you wish to write an extended curve fit add‐on, see the
ADK User’s Manual for more information.
Linear Fit, Polynomial Fit, Exponential Fit, and Power Fit are all determined by using a least squares
algorithm. Examples of each curve‐fit type are shown in Figure 6‐4.
Figure 6‐4. Tecplot 360’s curve‐fit types.
148
Line Map Layer
The Curves page also contains fields for controlling the following attributes:
• Dependent Variable ‐ The Dependent Variable drop‐down controls how curve fits and splines
are interpreted. Dependent Variable has no effect on mappings of the Line Segment curve type.
• Curve Points ‐ Controls the number of points used to draw curve fits and splines. Raising the
number of points increases the accuracy of curve but also increases plotting time and the size
of print files.
• Curve Settings ‐ Control options specific to the curve type. For example, weighting for curve
fits or starting derivatives for splines.
The coefficients used to draw curve fits and splines may be output to a file, as can the actual points used to
draw curve fits and splines.
Linear Fits
Tecplot 360 fits the data to a linear function using the standard least‐squares algorithm. It calculates the
function for which the sum of the squared differences from the data points is a minimum. For the XY Line
plot type, the linear function is a straight line.
To fit a linear function to your data: select “Linear Fit” from the Curve Type drop‐down on the Curves
page of the Mapping Style dialog.
Use the Curve Fit Settings dialog (accessed via the [Curve Settings] button) to specify different settings.
The dialog is shown below.
• Polynomial Order is shown on the dialog, but should always be “1” for a linear fit. If you
change this from 1, the curve type is changed to Polynomial Curve‐fits.
• To limit the points used in the mapping(s): select “Use Only Points Within Range”, and enter
minimum and maximum values.
• To assign a curve weighting variable: select “Use Weighting Variable”, and select the variable
from the drop‐down. For more information on curve weighting, see Curve‐fit Weighting
Variables.
Polynomial Curve-fits
Tecplot 360 uses a standard least‐squares algorithm to fit data to a polynomial function. You specify the
order of the polynomial (from one to ten), and the polynomial for which the sum of the squared
differences from the data points is a minimum is calculated.
To fit a polynomial function to your data: select “Polynomial Fit” from the Curve Type drop‐down on the
Curves page of the Mapping Style dialog.
149
XY and Polar Line Plots
By default, this option fits a cubic polynomial, using all the points in the mapping and weighting them
equally. Use the Curve Fit Settings dialog (accessed via the Curves page of the Mapping Style dialog) to
specify different settings.
• Polynomial Order drop‐down. Select the desired polynomial order (1 to 10). An order of 2 is a
quadratic polynomial, an order of 3 is a cubic polynomial, etc. If you select 1, the curve type is
set to Linear Fit, as a polynomial of order 1 is a linear function. (See Linear Fits.)
• To limit the points used in the mapping(s) ‐ Select “Use Only Points Within Range”, and
enter minimum and maximum values.
• To assign a curve weighting variable ‐ Select “Use Weighting Variable”, and select the
variable from the drop‐down. For more information on curve weighting, see Curve‐fit
Weighting Variables.
Exponential Curve-fits
Tecplot 360 fits the data to an exponential function using the standard least‐squares algorithm.
For XY plots (where X is the independent variable): Tecplot 360 finds the best curve of the form:
Y=eb*X+c (equivalent to Y=a*eb*X where a=ec).
Similarly, when Y is the independent variable.
For Polar plots (where Theta is the independent variable): Tecplot 360 finds the best curve of the form:
( bθ + c ) bθ
R = ±e or R = ± ae
Similarly when R is the independent variable.
To fit an exponential function to your data: select “Exponential Fit” from the Curve Type drop‐down on
the Curves page of the Mapping Style dialog.
By default, this option uses all the data points in the mapping, weighting them equally. Use the
Exponential Fit Settings dialog (accessed via the [Curve Settings] button on the Curves page of the
Mapping Style dialog) to specify different settings. The dialog is shown below.
150
Line Map Layer
To specify different settings:
• To limit the points used in the mapping(s) ‐ Select “Use Only Points Within Range”, and
enter minimum and maximum values.
• To assign a curve weighting variable ‐ Select “Use Weighting Variable”, and select the
variable from the drop‐down. For more information on curve weighting, see Curve‐fit
Weighting Variables.
Power Curve-fits
Tecplot 360 fits a power function to data using the standard least‐squares algorithm. The dependent‐
variable values must be either all positive or all negative, and the independent values should be all
positive. Data points with zero or negative independent values are ignored.
For XY plots (where X is the independent variable): Tecplot 360 finds best curve of the form:
Y=eb*lnX+c (equivalent to Y=a*Xb where a=ec).
Similarly, when Y is the independent variable.
For Polar plots (where Theta is the independent variable): Tecplot 360 finds the best curve of the form:
bln ( θ ) + c b
R = ±e or R = ± aθ
Similarly, when R is the independent variable.
To fit a power‐curve function to your data: select “Power Curve” from the Curve Type drop‐down on the
Curves page of the Mapping Style dialog.
By default, this option uses all the data points in the mapping, weighting them equally. Use the Power Fit
Settings dialog (accessed via the [Curve Settings] button) to specify different settings. The dialog is shown
below.
• To limit the points used in the mapping(s) ‐ Select “Use Only Points Within Range”, and
enter minimum and maximum values.
151
XY and Polar Line Plots
• To assign a curve weighting variable ‐ Select “Use Weighting Variable”, and select the
variable from the drop‐down. For more information on curve weighting, see Curve‐fit
Weighting Variables.
Splines
A spline is a mathematical function defined to link a specified set of points with a function that is
continuous and smooth (differentiable) at every point. The most common type of spline, the cubic spline,
is defined using a set of cubic polynomials, one for each interval between the data points.
Splines can be natural or clamped: natural splines are twice‐differentiable at the end points and the second
derivative is zero at those points, while clamped splines need have known first‐derivatives at the
boundary points. Before plotting the spline, the data points are sorted in increasing value along the
independent axis.
The Sort option of the Definitions page of the Mapping Style dialog has no effect on
splines.
To fit a spline function to your data: select “Spline” from the Curve Type drop‐down on the Curves page
of the Mapping Style dialog.
By default, this option fits a natural cubic spline. To specify a clamped spline:
1. Select the [Curve Settings] button on the Curves page of the Mapping Style dialog.
2. In the Spline Settings dialog (shown below), select “Clamp the Spline”, and enter values for
the derivative at the start and end of the spline.
Parametric Splines
The cubic spline fit assumes that the spline function is a single‐valued function of the independent
variable.
Sometimes, however, you have data that curves back upon itself, but you would still like to have a spline‐
like curve fit to it. Parametric splines solve this problem by presuming that both variables (X&Y or Theta&R)
are functions of the data‐point index. The spline is then defined by two single‐valued functions of the
data‐point index.
Unlike cubic splines, parametric splines are plotted in the order set in the Sort option of the Definitions
page of the Mapping Style dialog. By default, the points are unsorted, and thus the spline is drawn in the
order the data points appear in the data file. See Section 6 ‐ 1.1 “Mapping Definitions” for a discussion of
sorting.
To fit a paraspline function to your data: select “ParaSpline” from the Curve Type drop‐down on the
Curves page of the Mapping Style dialog.
By default, this option fits two natural cubic splines to the data point index. To specify a clamped spline:
152
Line Map Layer
1. Select Para Spline from the Curve drop‐down menu, and then select Curve Settings.
2. In the Parametric Spline Settings dialog (shown below), select “Clamp the Spline”, and enter
values for the derivative at the start and end of the spline.
For the XY Line plot type, the derivatives are either dy/dx or dx/dy depending on the Function Dependency
for the mapping. Tecplot 360 calculates dx/ds and dy/ds from these values (where s is the parametric
variable). For the Polar Line plot type, the derivatives are either dR/dTheta or dTheta/dR (depending on the
Function Dependency for the mapping), and dR/ds and dTheta/ds are calculated from these values (where s
is the parametric variable). See Section “Dependent and Independent Variables” on page 155 for a full
description of the Function Dependency option.
Extended Curve-fit
Tecplot 360 add‐ons can provide new curve‐fit types. These curve types are called extended curve‐fits.
These curve‐fits may be provided by Tecplot 360, a third party, or written by users. The functionality of
each extended curve‐fit is defined by its creator. (If you wish to write an extended curve‐fit add‐on, see the
ADK User’s Manual for more information.)
To fit an extended curve to your data:
1. Use the Curves page of the Mapping Style dialog to select the mappings for which you want
to apply an extended curve‐fit.
2. Select Curve Type, and select “Extended” from the drop‐down.
3. Select the desired curve fit from the Choose Extended Curve Fit dialog (shown below).
Three extended curve fit add‐ons are supplied with Tecplot 360:
• Akima ‐ The Akima spline is an alternative that exhibits less dramatic overshoots and
undershoots than the classical spline. The slopes at the end of each segment are computed
153
XY and Polar Line Plots
using a nonlinear average of the segment slopes1. The Akima spline is always unclamped.
There are currently no options available for the Akima spline.
• Extended Curve Fit ‐ General
• Extended Curve Fit ‐ Stineman
The curve fit computes (least squares) the optimal curve fit coefficients by multiplying these sub‐
functions.
The following options are available:
• Number of Coefficients ‐ Specify the number of coefficients (and number of sub‐functions)
for the desired curve fit. The default is three. You must specify a sub‐function for each
coefficient in the text fields labeled f1(x) through fn(x), where n is the number of coefficients.
• f1(x) through f8(x) ‐ Enter the sub‐functions for the curve fit using the syntax described in
Section 21 ‐ 1 “Data Alteration through Equations”.
In these equations use the variable x as the independent variable, even if x is specified
as the dependent variable in the Curves Fit Attributes dialog.
• Normalize X ‐ Causes the curve to be fit using a normalized independent variable. In
particular, the independent variable will be translated and scaled to vary from zero at the
smallest value of the independent variable to one at the largest value of the independent
variable. For most curves other than polynomials, this option will alter the shape of the curve
fit. It is useful when you get the “Rank reduced for at least one curve fit” warning message, but
otherwise is not recommended.
1. For details, see: Lancaster, Peter and Salkauskas, Kestutis “Curve and Surface Fitting, An Introduction”,
1986, Academic Press.
154
Line Map Layer
• Normalize Y ‐ Causes the curve to be fit using a normalized dependent variable. In particular,
the dependent variable will be translated and scaled to vary from zero at the smallest value of
the dependent variable to one at the largest value of the dependent variable. For most curves
other than polynomials, this option will alter the shape of the curve fit. It is useful when you
get the “Rank reduced for at least one curve fit” warning message, but otherwise is not
recommended.
1. For more information see Russell W. Stineman’s “A Consistent Well-behaved Method of Interpolation” in the
July, 1980, issue of Creative Computing.
155
XY and Polar Line Plots
the Y‐axis variable is the independent variable and the X‐axis variable as the dependent variable. Two
polynomial curve‐fits of the same data using different dependency settings are shown in Figure 6‐5.
Figure 6‐5. An XY Line plot type dependencies. This
file, line_plots_ind_v_dep_var.lpk, is
located in your Tecplot 360 distribution
under the examples/XY subdirectory.
Similarly for Polar Line plots, the default setting is R=f(Theta) (you may change the value to Theta=f(R)).
With R=f(Theta), the Theta‐axis variable is the independent variable and the R‐axis variable is the
dependent variable. With Theta=f(R), the R‐axis variable is the independent variable and the Theta‐axis
variable is the dependent variable.
To change the dependency setting:
1. From the Curves page of the Mapping Style dialog, select the mappings to change.
2. Select “Dependent Variable” and choose either R=f(Theta) or Theta=f(R).
For the XY Line plot type, the dependency setting determines the direction of bar
charts. To create a vertical bar chart, set the dependency to y=f(x); to create a
horizontal bar chart, set the dependency to x=f(y). See Section 6 - 5 “XY Line Bar
Charts” for information on bar charts.
156
Line Map Layer
The data file sympxy2.dat (also found in the examples/dat directory in your Tecplot 360 home directory)
contains this additional variable as variable 6, Weight4.
The left side of Figure 6‐6 shows an XY‐line plot with weighted linear fit with the cluster of points omitted.
For comparison, the original data points and the un‐weighted least‐squares fit are also plotted. The right
side shows the same data in a Polar Line plot.
Figure 6‐6. Weighted linear fits.
Curve Information
You can view information about curve‐fits and splines using
the Curve Information dialog (accessed via the Data menu)
(shown here). The information presented in the Curve
Details section and in the coefficient file is dependent on the
curve type selected. For example, the dialog shown here
shows the information for a linear fit. For extended curve‐
fits, the documentation for the extended curve‐fit add‐on
supplies any necessary information on the format used.
In general, the Curve Information dialog provides the
following:
• Mapping ‐ Select the map from the drop‐down for
which you want information, or from which you want to
extract coefficients or data points.
• X‐axis Var ‐ Number and name of the X‐axis variable for
the chosen map.
• Y‐axis Var ‐ Number and name of the Y‐axis variable for
the chosen map.
• Zone ‐ Number and name of the zone for the chosen
map.
• Curve Details ‐ Detailed list of coefficients used in the
equation to draw the line.
• Goodness of Fit ‐ Measurement of the success of the
curve‐fit in modeling the variation of the data (where 1 is a
perfect fit and zero is no fit).
• Goodness of Fit (Residual Degrees of Freedom Adjustment) ‐ Same as above, with degrees of
freedom taken into consideration.
• Write Curve Details to File
• Write Data Points to File
157
XY and Polar Line Plots
Goodness of Fit
R2 is displayed in Curve Details region of the Curve Info dialog for linear, polynomial, exponential, and
power curve fits. It is statistical calculation that measures the success of the curve‐fit in modeling the
variation of the data. R2 is defined as the ratio of the sum of the squares of the regression (SSR) and the
total sum of the squares (SST).
n
2
SSR = ∑ Wi ( ycurvefit – ymean )i
i=1
n
2
SST = ∑ W i ( y i – y mean )
i=1
2 SSR
R = -----------
SST
Where:
SSR = sum of the squares of the regression
SST = total sum of the squares
Wi = the value of the weight variable at index i
yi = the value of the dependent variable at index i
ymean= the mean value of the dependent variable y
ycurvefit_i = is the value computed using the curve‐fit at the i‐index value of the independent variable
(xi).
i = current index number
n = total number of data points
R-square can take any value between zero and one, with a value closer to one indicating
a better fit.
A fundamental error term in least‐squares curve fits is the sum of the squares residual (SSE), defined by
n
2
SSE = ∑ W i ( y curvefit – y i )
i
i=1
158
Line Map Layer
This is the number that is minimized when computing the curve‐fit coefficients. Using the equation SST =
SSE + SSR, R2 can be related to SSE:
2 SSE
R = 1 – -----------
SST
Using this form to compute R2, it is easier to see that an R2 closer to one (SSE=0) indicates a better curve‐fit.
2 SSE ( n – 1 )
R dof = 1 – ------------------------------
SST ( m – n )
Like the standard R2, R2dof will vary from zero to one with values closer to one indicating a better curve fit.
R2dof will be less than R2 when the degrees‐of‐freedom are close to the number of data points, but will be
nearly equal to R2 when the number of data points is significantly greater than the degrees‐of‐freedom.
159
XY and Polar Line Plots
variables: one for the independent variable and one for the dependent variable. The resulting file is a valid
Tecplot 360 ASCII data file that can be read into another frame.
The first two columns list the mapping number and name. The Map Show field lists currently active
mappings. The remaining columns of the Symbols page of the Mapping Style dialog contain specific
attributes: Symb Show, Symb Shape, Outline Color, Fill Mode, Fill Color, Symb Size, Line Thck, Symb
Spacing. Each of these attributes can also be modified using the Quick Edit dialog.
In order for the changes made on the Symbols page to be visible in your plot, the
Symbols mapping layer must be toggled-on in the Sidebar.
• Symb Show ‐ This option allows you to turn off symbols for selected mappings, while keeping
both the selected mappings and the Symbols map layer active overall.
• Symbol Shape ‐ Select the symbol type for each mapping. In addition to the predefined
symbols, you may use any ASCII character by selecting Other. Enter the ASCII character to use
as a symbol in the Enter ASCII Character dialog (shown below), and select a font from which
to display the symbol.
You can change the base font in the Scatter Size/Font dialog, accessible via Plot>Symbol Font.
See Section 11 ‐ 2 “Scatter Size/Font” on page 213.
160
Symbols Map Layer
• Outline Color ‐ Symbols can be filled or unfilled (default).
• Fill Mode ‐ The Fill Mode options are:
• None ‐ The symbols are not filled.
• Use Line Color ‐ The symbols are filled with the same color specified in Outline Color
and appear as a solid color.
• Use Back Color ‐ The symbols are filled with background color of the grid area, and
appear hollow, blotting out objects behind the symbol (such as grid lines or other
mappings).
• Use Specific Color ‐ The symbols are filled with the color specified in Fill Color.
• Fill Color ‐ If the Fill Mode is set to “Use Specific Color”, use the [Fill Color] button to set the
color.
• Symbol Size ‐ Select the symbol size for your line plotting symbols. Symbol size is measured
as percentage of the frame height.
• Symbol Line Thickness ‐ Specify the thickness of lines used to draw the plotting symbols.
• Symb Spacing ‐ Specify the spacing between symbols. The spacing is specified either as a
percentage of the frame height or as a number of indices to skip. You may either enter a value
or use one of the following pre‐set values:
• Draw All ‐ All symbols are drawn at every data point.
• ISkip=2, 3 or 4 ‐ Symbols are drawn every second, third, or fourth data point.
• Distance=1, 2 or 3% ‐ Symbols are drawn at the first data point and subsequently at data
points that are at least one, two, or three percent of the frame height distant from the
previously plotted data point.
• Enter Index ‐ Enter an index skip between symbols (other than 2, 3, or 4).
• Enter Distance ‐ Enter a distance between symbols in frame units (other than 1%, 2%, or
3%).
This dialog has one text field for specifying the ASCII character and four option buttons representing the
available character sets, as follows:
• Enter Character to use as a Symbol ‐ Enter the desired ASCII character in this text field.
• Base ‐ Select this to use the English‐text character set as the source of the plotting character.
• Math ‐ Select this to use the math character set as the source of the plotting character.
• Greek ‐ Select this to use the Greek character set as the source of the plotting character.
• User‐defined ‐ Select this to use the user‐defined character set as the source of the plotting
character.
161
XY and Polar Line Plots
Figure 6‐7. An XY Line plot with symbols and error bars. This file,
rainfall.plt, is located in your Tecplot 360 distribution under
the examples/XY subdirectory.
You can use any variable in your dataset as an error bar variable. However, for them to be meaningful,
they should have the same units as the axis along which they are drawn.
If error bar values are not included in your original dataset, you may create error
variables using Tecplot 360’s data manipulation utilities. For example, if you know that
the values of some measured variable are accurate only to within ten percent, you may
create a new variable to use as the error bar variable by multiplying the measured
variable by “0.10” via Data>Alter>Specify Equations. See Chapter 21: “Data
Operations”.
162
XY Line Error Bars
In order for the changes made on the Error Bars page to be visible in your plot, the Error
Bars mapping layer must be toggled-on in the Sidebar.
• EBar Var ‐ Select the error bar variable.
• EBar Type ‐ There are seven types of error bars:
• Top ‐ Extends upward for positive values (and downward for negative values) of the
error bar variable.
• Bottom ‐ Extends downward for positive values (and upward for negative values) of the
error bar variable.
• Left ‐ Extends to the left for positive values (and to the right for negative values) of the
error bar variable.
• Right ‐ Extends to the right for positive values (and to the left for negative values) of the
error bar variable.
• Horizontal ‐ Extends left and right.
• Vertical ‐ Extends up and down. (This is the default value.)
• Cross ‐ Extends up, down, left, right.
Although the values are called Left, Right, Up and Down, the direction is determined by
the direction of positive values in your plot. If you reverse the direction of an axis (using
the Reverse Axis Direction option on the Range page of the Axis Details dialog), the
error bars point in the opposite direction.
• EBar Color ‐ Specify the error bar line color.
• Ebar Size ‐ Specify the size of the crossbar. Crossbar size is measured as a percentage of frame
height.
• Line Thck ‐ Specify the line thickness of the error bars. The error bar line thickness is
measured as a percentage of frame height.
• EBar Spacing ‐ Specify the spacing between error bars. The spacing is specified either as a
percentage of the frame height or as a number of indices to skip.
You may either enter a value or use one of the following pre‐set values:
• Draw All ‐ Error bars are drawn at every data point.
• ISkip=2, 3 or 4 ‐ Error bars are drawn every second, third or fourth data point.
163
XY and Polar Line Plots
• Distance=1, 2, or 3% ‐ Error bars are drawn at the first data point and subsequently at
data points that are at least one, two or three percent of the frame height distant from the
previously plotted data point.
Use the [Bar Dir] button to change between vertical or horizontal bars.
Changing the direction of the bars changes the dependent variable attribute used for line curves (either
y=f(x) or x=f(y)), and vice versa. By default, all mappings use y=f(x) and appear as vertical bar charts. If a
mapping uses horizontal bars, the mapping will also use x=f(y) for curve fits. Of course, this only matters if
you plot bars and curve‐fits for the same mapping. For more information about dependency, see Section
“Dependent and Independent Variables” on page 155.
To modify other attributes (Bars Show, Outline Color, Fill Mode, Fill Color, Bar Size, Line Thck), use the Bars
page, follow the same procedures used to set Section 6 ‐ 3.1 “Symbol Attributes”.
Figure 6‐8. A family of I‐varying lines for the cylinder data.
164
Line Legend
You can change the family of lines using the Indices page of the Mapping Style dialog as shown below.
You can also choose which members of the family are drawn (and using which data points), by specifying
index ranges for each of I, J, and K. The index range for the varying index tells Tecplot 360 which points to
include in each line, and the index ranges for the other indices tell Tecplot 360 which lines in the family to
include. Thus, you may use this option for selecting a subset of an I‐ordered zone to plot.
• Varying Index ‐ To choose the varying index, and thus specify the family of lines to be drawn,
select Varying Index on the Indices page of the Mapping Style dialog, and choose the desired
family (I, J, or K‐varying). K‐varying is only available if the mapping is using an IJK‐ordered
zone.
• Index Ranges ‐ By default, the entire range of points is plotted in your mapping. For IIJK and
IJK‐ordered data, you may want to specify an index range to limit the number of lines drawn.
Or, for any type of data, you may want to limit the points drawn to a select range.
Enter a starting index in the Begin field, an ending index in the End field, and a skip factor in
the Skip field. A skip of one means “use every point in the range,” a skip of two means “use
every other point,” and so on.
Use the Enter Index Skipping dialog to enter the respective skips for the I, J, and K‐indices. A value of one
means show all indices, two means show every other index, three means show every third, and so on.
165
XY and Polar Line Plots
• Show Mapping Names ‐ Toggle‐on or off to include
mapping names in the legend.
• Text ‐ Format the text for the legend by choosing a color,
font, style, text height, and line spacing between entries in
the dialog. (See Section 18 ‐ 1.2 “Font Folders and Fallback”
on page 269 for more information on how fonts work with
Tecplot 360.)
• Position ‐ The legend is automatically placed for you. You
may specify the position of the legend by entering values
in the X (%) and Y (%) text fields. Enter X as a percentage
of the frame width and Y as a percentage of the frame
height.
• Anchor ‐ You may also specify the anchor location of the
legend using the Anchor Alignment dialog. By default, the
legend is anchored in the top right.
• Legend Box ‐ If the legend is Plain or Filled, the box
attributes may be changed with the following controls:
• Line Thickness ‐ Specify the line thickness as a percentage
of frame height.
• Box Color ‐ Choose a color for the legend box outline.
• Fill Color ‐ Choose a color for the legend box fill.
• Margin ‐ Specify the margin between the legend text and
legend box as a percentage of the text height.
• Format ‐ Choose the format for numbers in the contour legend from the drop‐down:
• Integer ‐ Display the number as an integer; if the exact value is not an integer, it is
truncated.
• Float ‐ Display the number as a floating‐point number. The value is shown to the
number of decimal places specified in the Precision field.
• Exponent ‐ Display the number using FORTRAN exponential format (for example,
1.0125E + 02). The number of decimal places is specified using the Precision field.
• Best Float ‐ Display the number as a floating‐point number, with its exact form
determined by Tecplot 360.
166
Polar Drawing Options
• Range Best Float ‐ Tecplot 360 selects the best floating‐point representation of the tick
mark labels, taking into account the range of values on the axis. (Available only for axis
labels.)
• Superscript ‐ Display the number in scientific notation, using a number times a power
of ten. The number of decimal places shown is specified using the Precision field.
• Custom ‐ Not a number format at all, Custom specifies that a set of custom labels
(specified by number in the Custom Set field) should be used in the contour legend. The
first label in the set is used for the value one, the second label for two, and so on. All
non‐integer numbers are rounded to the nearest integer. If the number of levels exceeds
the number of custom labels, the labels are reused cyclically as needed. For example, if
you have defined the custom labels Mon., Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, and Sun, then a value
of eight would display Mon, nine would display Tue, and so on.
• Time/Date ‐ You can specify a Time/Date format for your labels by selecting Time/Date
from the Format drop‐down menu. See Section 17 ‐ 11 “Time/Date Format Options” for
more information on specifying your labels in Time and/or Date format.
• Precision (Float, Exponent, or Superscript only) ‐ Enter the number of decimal places each
number is to show.
• Custom Set (Custom only) ‐ Enter the number of the set of custom labels. You define custom
label sets as records in standard Tecplot 360 data files.
• Show Decimal on Whole Numbers ‐ When this toggle is checked, whole numbers include a
trailing decimal (that is, the number 2 is displayed as 2).
• Remove Leading Zeros ‐ When this toggle is checked, leading zeros are removed from
numbers (that is, 0.25 is displayed as .25).
• Show Sign on Negative Numbers ‐ When this toggle is checked, negative numbers show the
negative sign. When unchecked the negative sign will be removed (that is, ‐1.43 is displayed as
1.43). This is useful if you have specified a special prefix or suffix for negative values.
• Prefix and Suffix ‐ You can specify a custom prefix and/or suffix for numbers in Tecplot 360
using the Prefix/Suffix text fields. Tecplot 360 allows you to specify separate prefixes and
suffixes for zero values and negative values as well.
The Polar Drawing Options dialog has the following options:
• Curved Lines (Theta‐R Interpolation) ‐ The connection between two points is a curve. This
may slow plotting speed for large datasets.
167
XY and Polar Line Plots
Tecplot 360 will stop drawing a line that involves too many revolutions around the circle. For
example, if adjacent points have angle values of 0 degrees and then 36000 degrees, the plot
would involve 100 complete revolutions around the origin. If this is the case, Tecplot 360 will
draw only ten revolutions. If you need that many revolutions, create a new zone that has
points interpolated in between the two points.
• Straight Lines (X‐Y Interpolation) ‐ The connection between two points is a straight line.
• Angle to Approximate Curved Lines (deg) ‐ All arcs are drawn as a series of lines with the
maximum angular difference specified in this field. This includes the axes, grid lines, and lines
drawn in Curved Line mode.
The settings in the Polar Drawing Options dialog apply to all mappings in the frame.
The difference between the two Polar Line Drawing Modes is shown in Figure 6‐9.
Figure 6‐9. The Polar Drawing Modes: Curved lines are shown
on the left and straight lines are shown on the right.
168
7
Field Plots
Field plots are 2D Cartesian or 3D Cartesian plots. The axes in a field plot are all independent variables. In
Tecplot 360, field plots can be created using any combination of the following zone layers:
• Mesh Layer
• Contour Layer
• Vector Layer
• Scatter Layer
• Shade Layer
• Edge Layer
By default, 2D and 3D field plots are initially displayed with Mesh and Edge zone layers (Figure 7‐1).
Figure 7‐1. A 2D mesh and edge plot of sample file cylinder.plt.
This file is located in your Tecplot 360 distribution
under the examples/2D subdirectory.
3D field plots may be enhanced with lighting effects and translucency (see Chapter 13: “Translucency and
Lighting”).
Field plots may also contain any combination of the following objects (which are derived from the values
in the dataset):
• Iso‐surfaces (3D ONLY)
• Slices (3D ONLY)
169
Field Plots
• Streamtraces
This chapter discusses the plot attributes that are common to all of the plot layers.
Field plots containing transient data are modified slightly differently in the Zone Style
dialog than static datasets. See Section 7 - 2 “Time Aware” for more information on
working with transient datasets.
The following pages are available in the Zone Style dialog:
• Mesh ‐ See Chapter 8: “Mesh Layer and Edge Layer”.
• Contour ‐ See Chapter 9: “Contour Layer”.
• Vector ‐ See Chapter 10: “Vector Layer”.
• Scatter ‐ See Chapter 11: “Scatter Layer”.
• Shade ‐ See Chapter 12: “Shade Layer”.
• Edge ‐ See Chapter 8: “Mesh Layer and Edge Layer”.
• Points ‐ See Section 7 ‐ 1.1 “Points”
• Surfaces ‐ See Section 7 ‐ 1.2 “Surfaces”.
• Volume ‐ See Section 7 ‐ 1.3 “Derived Volume Object Plotting”. (3D only)
• Effects Attributes ‐ See Chapter 13: “Translucency and Lighting”.
The following attributes in the Zone Style dialog are independent of the active plot layer:
• Zone Num ‐ Use the [Zone Num] button above the zone list to select a zone or group of zones
according to zone number. Choose from “Select One”, “Select Range”, or “Select All”. Strands
are indicated by an “*” after their Zone Num. You can also select your zones from the list by
using either [Ctrl]‐click (to select one‐by‐one) or [Shift]‐click (to select a range).
• Zone Name ‐ Choose “Select by Name” from the [Zone Name] button to open the Enter Text
String dialog. Enter a text string to select a zone or group of zones according to zone name.
Strands are indicated by an “*” after their Zone Name. If none of the zones in the active strand
are displayed at the current time step, the entire line is grayed‐out. See also Section 7 ‐ 2 “Time
Aware”.
For transient data, the first zone of the strand applicable to the current time step is
displayed in the Zone Name and Zone Number columns.
• Group Num ‐ Use the [Group Num] button to select a zone or group of zones according to
their group number. By default, all zones are assigned to group 1. You can change the group
number by selecting “Edit Group Number” from the Group Num menu.
• Zone Show ‐ By default, all zones are displayed. Turn zones or groups of zones on or off by
selecting: Activate, Deactivate, Show Selected Only, or Invert from the Zone Show menu.
170
Field Plot Modification - Zone Style Dialog
The remaining columns in the Zone Style dialog are dependent upon the active page are discussed in
their corresponding sections.
Each page of the Zone Style dialog is divided into 2 regions (separated by a thick
vertical line). Options located in the columns in the left-hand region apply universally to
all active layers in the plot. Options located in the right-hand region of any page are
specific to the corresponding plot layer.
7 - 1.1 Points
You may select the source for the data points used to plot vectors and scatter symbols from the Points page
of the Zone Style dialog (shown below).
Figure 7‐2 shows a plot where zone 1 is plotting scatter symbols only on one plane (J=5) and zone 2 is
plotting all symbols.
Figure 7‐2. A plot showing two zones set to show only J‐planes equal to
five, with scatter symbols plotted on the surface in zone 1 and all
symbols in zone 2. This file, field_plot_scatter_example.lpk, is
located in your Tecplot 360 distribution under the examples/3D
subdirectory.
• Points to Plot ‐ Select how the points are plotted:
• Nodes on Surfaces ‐ Draws only the nodes that are on the surface of the zone.
• All Nodes ‐ Draws all nodes in the zone.
171
Field Plots
• All Connected ‐ Draws all the nodes that are connected by the node map. Nodes
without any connectivity are not drawn.
• Cell Centers Near Surfaces ‐ Draws points at the cell centers which are on or near the
surface of the zone.
• All Cell Centers ‐ Draws points at all cell centers in the zone.
• Index Skip ‐ Specify the skip intervals for the I, J, and K‐indices. The menu options are as
follows:
• No Skip ‐ Set the I, J, and K‐skip intervals to one; plot all vectors.
• Enter Skip ‐ Specify I, J, and K‐skip intervals on the Enter Index Skipping dialog.
For irregular and finite element data, only the I-Skip has an effect. I-skip will allow you
to skip through nodes in the order they are listed in the data file.
7 - 1.2 Surfaces
There are many ways to divide volume data for plotting. One way to view volume data is to select surfaces
from part of the data. In Tecplot 360 you may choose which surfaces to plot for volume zones from the
Surfaces page of the Zone Style dialog (accessed by double‐clicking on a zone via the Sidebar, or via
Plot>Zone Style.
The [Surfaces to Plot] button allows you to choose one of the following:
• None ‐ None of the volume zone surfaces are plotted (edges still appear). This is the default
Surfaces setting for your plot.
• Boundary Cell Faces ‐ Plots all surfaces on the outside of the volume zone. This includes:
• IJK‐ordered data ‐ The minimum and maximum I, J, and K‐planes are plotted.
• Finite element volume data ‐ All faces that do not have a neighbor cell (according to the
connectivity list) are plotted.
172
Field Plot Modification - Zone Style Dialog
If blanking is turned on, the boundary cells in the blanked region will not be drawn and
you will be able to see the interior of the volume zone. Figure 7‐3 shows plots of a
volume zone with Surfaces to Plot set to “Boundary Cell Faces”: without blanking, with
value blanking, and with IJK‐blanking. See Chapter 19: “Blanking” for information on
working with Blanking.
Figure 7‐3. Boundary Cell Face plotting without blanking,
with value‐blanking, and with IJK‐blanking. This
file, field_plots_boundary_cell_faces_ex.lpk, is located
in your Tecplot 360 distribution under the
examples/3D subdirectory.
• Exposed Cell Faces (default) ‐ This setting is similar to the “Boundary Cell Faces” setting,
unless value blanking is active. When value blanking is used, the outer cell faces between
blanked and non‐blanked cells and the outer surfaces of the data are drawn. Figure 7‐4 shows
a plot of a volume zone with Surfaces to Plot set to “Exposed Cell Faces” with and without
value blanking. See Chapter 19: “Blanking” for information on working with Blanking.
Figure 7‐4. Examples of plots where Surfaces to Plot has
been set to “Exposed Cell Faces” with (left)
and without (right) value‐blanking.
• Planes Settings (I, J, K, IJ, JK, IK, and IJK‐planes) ‐ Plots the appropriate combination of I, J,
and/or K‐planes. The planes are determined by the Range for each plane, which can be set
using the [Range] buttons to the right of the [Surfaces to Plot button]. These settings are
173
Field Plots
available only for IJK‐ordered data. Figure 7‐5 shows a number of examples of plotting I, J,
and K‐planes.
Figure 7‐5. Examples of plotting I, J, and K‐planes.
• Every Surface (Exhaustive) ‐ This setting will plot every face of every cell in volume data. It is
not recommended for large datasets. Unless the surfaces are translucent, the plot will appear
the same as the Exposed Cell Faces setting.
Figure 7‐6. A plot where streamribbons and an
iso‐surface have been excluded
from zone 2. This file, jetflow.plt is
available in your Tecplot 360
distribution under the examples/
174
Time Aware
• Transient zones ‐ Zones associated with time. The transient zone(s) displayed in the current
frame are dependent upon the current solution time. Zones 2‐13 in Table 7 ‐ 1 are transient
zones.
• Static zones ‐ Zones not associated with time. They are displayed regardless of the current
solution time. Zones 1 and 14 from Table 7 ‐ 1 are static.
• Current Solution Time ‐ The value that determines which transient zones are displayed in the
current frame. The value of Current Solution Time is specified on the Settings page of the Time
Details dialog (see Section 7 ‐ 2.1 “Time Details Dialog ‐ Settings Page”).
• Strand ‐ A series of transient zones that represent the same part of a dataset at different times.
Zones 2, 5, 8, and 11 in Table 7 ‐ 1 all have the same StrandID and therefore, they are part of the
same strand.
• StrandID ‐ An integer value defined for each transient zone. The StrandID of a given zone is
determined by the data loader.
Changes made in the Zone Style dialog to any zone in a given StrandID are propagated
to all zones with that StrandID. See also Section 7 - 1 “Field Plot Modification - Zone
Style Dialog”.
• Relevant Zone ‐ Only “relevant zones” are plotted at a given solution time. A relevant zone is
defined as a zone for a given strand used for a certain solution time. If the strand exists at
solution time n, the relevant zone is either the transient zone on that strand defined explicitly
at solution time n, or the zone defined immediately prior to solution time n. If the strand does
175
Field Plots
not exist at solution time n, there are no relevant zones for that strand at that time. Static zones
are always considered relevant. Refer to Figure 7‐7.
Figure 7‐7. An illustration of how relevant zones are determined (based on the data
in Table 7 ‐ 1). For a given solution time, the relevant zones ONLY are
displayed in the plot. NOTE: static zones are always considered relevant
zones.
t = .2s ‐ The red‐colored transient zones and both static zones are plotted. NOTE:
no zones from the first strand are represented because the strand is not defined at
that time.
t = .4s ‐ The green‐colored transient zones and both static zones are plotted.
t = .6s ‐ The blue‐colored transient zones and both static zones are plotted. NOTE:
no zones from the second and third strands are represented because the strands
• Solution Time ‐ Use the slider or spin control to interactively change the Current Solution
Time.
• Min ‐ Displays the minimum solution time in the data.
• Max ‐ Displays the maximum solution time in the data.
176
Data Point and Cell Labels
Figure 7‐8. An
XY‐line plot with data labels. This
file, field_plot_labeled.lpk, is located
in your Tecplot 360 distribution
under the examples/XY subdirectory.
177
Field Plots
To add data labels to your plot, go to Plot>Label Points and Cells dialog (accessed via the Plot menu). The
Label Points and Cells dialog has the following options:
• Show Node Labels ‐ Toggle‐on to show node labels. Select either Index Value or Variable
Value.
• Show Cell Labels ‐ Toggle‐on to show cell labels. Select either Index Value or Variable Value.
• Index Skip ‐ If labeling by index values, select an index skip.
• Color Text by Zone/Map ‐ For line plots, the color is set on the Symbols page of the Mapping
Style dialog. For field plots, the color is set on the Scatter page of the Zone Style dialog.
• Include Text box ‐ Toggle‐on “Include Text Box” to include a box around each label.
178
Three-dimensional Plot Control
• Advanced 3D Control ‐ Specify the default lift fraction for 3D lines, symbols, and tangent
vectors, as well as the 3D sorting algorithm for the plot.
The following controls can be accessed via the View menu.
• The Rotate Dialog ‐ Control the 3D orientation of the plot.
• Three‐dimensional View Details ‐ Set the specifications for parameters affecting the 3D display
of your plot, including the perspective, field of view, angular orientation of the plot, and view
distance.
The Reset 3D Axes option also resets the 3D origin. If you have modified your 3D origin
using the 3D Rotate dialog (see Section 7 - 4.5 “The Rotate Dialog” for details), the
Reset 3D Axes option will reset it to approximately the centroid of the data.
Aspect Ratio - Ratio of the range of the variable assigned to one axis (multiplied by the
axis size factor) and the range of the variable assigned to another axis (multiplied by the
axis size factor).
• Data Aspect Ratio Limit ‐ When the data aspect ratio of any two axes exceeds the Data Aspect
Ratio Limit, Tecplot 360 automatically rescales the longer axis so that the new data aspect ratio
is equal to the Data Aspect Ratio Reset value.
If your plots are usually unscaled (such as plots of real physical objects), you should set the
data aspect ratio maximum to a large number like 30. Use a smaller number for evenly scaled
axes.
179
Field Plots
• Axes Aspect Ratio Limit ‐ Works similarly to the Data Aspect Ratio Limit, except Axes Aspect
Ratio Limit attends to the shape and size of the axes box.
• Lift Fractions ‐ The lift fraction is the fraction of the distance from the 3D origin of the object to
your eye. If you specify lift fractions for 3D lines, tangent vectors, or scatter symbols, plotted
objects of the appropriate type are lifted slightly towards you so that they lie on top of surface
elements.
• Perform Extra 3D Sorting ‐ For some 3D plots (i.e. plots with translucency), Tecplot 360 uses a
painter’s algorithm. A quick sorting algorithm is used by default. The data objects are divided
into smaller objects. The smallest object is usually a cell, finite element, vector, or scatter
symbol. These objects are sorted based upon the distance from viewer, starting with the objects
farthest from the viewer and working forward. This does not detect problems such as
intersecting objects. If the “Perform Extra 3D Sorting” check box is selected, a slower, more
accurate approach is used to detect problems for you.
There are instances when Tecplot 360 cannot sort correctly. For example, consider elements A,
B, and C, where element A overlaps part of element B which overlaps part of element C which
overlaps part of element A. Since Tecplot 360 draws only whole elements, one of these
elements will be drawn last and each will cover (incorrectly) a portion of another element. If
this occurs while printing or exporting, choosing an image format will often resolve the
problem
All of the settings in the Advanced 3D Control dialog are specific to the current frame.
180
Three-dimensional Plot Control
The Rotate dialog has the following options:
• Rotation Mode
• XYZ‐Axis ‐ Rotation about one of the three axes: X, Y, or Z. To move around any of these
axes, use the controls in this dialog. Click on the “+” (up) or “‐” (down) arrows on either
side of the axis that you want to rotate the plot around.
• Spherical ‐ Spherical rotation about the Z axis. There are four arrows in a cross: “+” (up)
and “‐” (down) are the vertical, top and bottom arrows of the cross; Right and Left are
the horizontal, right and left arrows of the cross. There are also two twist arrows
diagonal to the cross that twist about the Eye/Origin ray: one that does a twist up to the
left and one that does a twist over to the right.
To tilt the plot in a vertical, spherical manner around the Z‐axis, click the vertical “+”
(up/top) or “‐” (down/bottom) arrows. To rotate the plot in a horizontal, spherical
manner around the Z‐axis, click on the horizontal “+” (Right) or “‐” (Left) arrows. To
twist the plot about the Eye/Origin ray, click on the twist up to left or twist over right
diagonal arrows.
• RollerBall ‐ Rotation like a roller ball, that is, horizontal movements are right and left
from the current position; vertical movements rotate up or down from the current
position; and twist is about the current screen Eye/Origin ray.
181
Field Plots
To tilt the plot in a vertical manner in respect to current screen orientation, click and
hold on the vertical “+” (up/top) or “‐” (down/bottom) arrows. To rotate the plot in a
horizontal manner in respect to current screen orientation, click and hold on the
horizontal “+” (right) or “‐” (left) arrows. To twist the plot about the current screen Eye/
Origin ray, click and hold on the twist up to the left or twist over to the right diagonal
arrows.
• Rotation Step Size (deg) ‐ Determines the amount of rotation per click on rotation buttons. To
change the step size, either enter a new value between 0.001 and 180 in the text field, or select
one of the following default values from the drop‐down: 1, 5, 15. These default values are set
and modified in the Step Size column in the Size Preferences dialog (accessed via
File>Preferences>Sizes).
• Center of Rotation
• X ‐ Rotation of the eye/origin ray about the X‐axis. Enter a value in the text field, or use
the increase or decrease arrows at the right to specify a value.
• Y ‐ Rotation of the eye/origin ray about the Y‐axis. Enter a value in the text field, or use
the increase or decrease arrows at the right to specify a value.
• Z ‐ Rotation of the eye/origin ray about the Z‐axis. Enter a value in the text field, or use
the increase or decrease arrows at the right to specify a value.
• Reset Center of Rotation ‐ Use this drop‐down to set the center of rotation to be the
Center of Data (the center of the bounding box of the data) or Center of View (the point
hit by a probe at frame coordinates 50%, 50%).
Center of View can result in an error if there is no data in the center of the frame. If this
is the case, the center of rotation will not move.
• Plot Orientation ‐ Eye origin view. The angular orientation of the plot is defined by three
spherical rotation angles:
• y (Psi) ‐ Tilt of eye origin ray away from Z‐axis. (Range –720 to 720.)
• q (Theta) ‐ Rotation of the eye origin ray about the Z‐axis. (Range –720 to 720.)
• a (Alpha) ‐ Twist about the eye origin ray. (Range –720 to 720.)
The eye origin ray is a line from the origin of the 3D object to your eye. The eye origin ray is
perpendicular to the plane of the computer screen. These angles define a unique view. These
angles are shown in Figure 7‐9
Figure 7‐9. The 3D angles and 3D projection.
182
Three-dimensional Plot Control
• Preset Views ‐ Specify one of three pre‐defined orientations: the XY‐Plane, the YZ‐Plane, the
XZ‐Plane; or a default orientation with a Psi=60, Theta=225, and Alpha=0).
• Use Perspective ‐ Sets Tecplot 360’s projection type. If selected, Tecplot 360 draws the current
frame with perspective projection. If not selected, Tecplot 360 draws the current frame with
orthographic1 projection. (Range is 0.1 to 179.9.)
• Field of View (deg) ‐ Sets the amount of the plot (in terms of spherical arc) in front of the
viewer that may be seen. Zooming in or out of a 3D perspective plot changes this number and
the viewer’s position.
• Maintain Object Size During Field of View Changes ‐ If selected, Field of View changes
result in the viewer’s position being moved so that approximately the same amount of the
plane is visible after the change.
If not selected, Field of View changes do not change the viewer’s position and result in the
entire plot appearing to grow or shrink.
1. With orthographic projection,- the shape of the objects is independent of distance. This is sometimes an
“unrealistic” view, but it is often used for displaying physical objects when preserving the true lengths is
important (such as drafting).
183
Field Plots
• View Width ‐ Sets the amount of the plot (in X‐axis units) in front of the viewer that may be
seen. Zooming in or out of a 3D orthographic plot changes this number, but not the viewer’s
position.
• Viewer Position ‐ Change the viewer’s relation to the image by resetting the X, Y, or Z‐
location, or by changing the view distance.
Working with very large datasets may result in slow zooming, rotating, and translating.
See Section 32 - 3 “Performance Dialog” for further information on plot approximation if
zoom, rotate, or translate performance is poor.
184
8
When working with two or three‐dimensional field plots, Tecplot 360 allows you to interactively add or
subtract any combination of plot layers. These layers can be applied to any set of zones in the active data
set. This chapter discusses the Mesh Layer and the Edge Layer.
In order for the changes made on the Mesh page to be visible in your plot, the Mesh
layer must be turned on. You can turn on the Mesh layer by any of three methods: by
toggling-on the Mesh layer in the Sidebar, by using the Quick Edit dialog, or by selecting
“Yes” from the [Mesh Show] button drop-down menu on the Mesh page of the Zone
Style dialog. The first time you activate this layer by either the Zone Style dialog or the
Quick Edit dialog, a confirmation dialog will appear to confirm whether you wish to
activate the Mesh layer.
185
Mesh Layer and Edge Layer
The opaque surfaces created by Hidden Line are not affected by the Lighting Zone effect
(there is no light source shading). However, it is affected by translucency.
186
Edge Layer
Figure 8‐10 shows the available mesh plot types, along with the effects of choosing Overlay and Wire
Frame in combination with contour flooding.
Figure 8‐10. Mesh plot types. This file, spaceship.lpk, is located in your Tecplot
360 distribution under the examples/3D subdirectory. To view the
mesh layer, toggle‐off Contour in the Sidebar, and toggle‐on
187
Mesh Layer and Edge Layer
In order for the changes made on the Edge page to be visible in your plot, the Edge layer
must be turned on. You can turn on the Edge layer by any of three methods: by
toggling-on the Edge layer in the Sidebar, by using the Quick Edit dialog, or by selecting
“Yes” from the [Show Edges] button drop-down menu on the Edge page of the Zone
Style dialog. The first time you activate this layer by either the Zone Style dialog or the
Quick Edit dialog, a confirmation dialog will appear to confirm whether you wish to
activate the Edge layer.
• Show Edges ‐ Whether the edges are visible for each active zone.
• Edge Type ‐ Borders and/or creases. See Section 8 ‐ 2.2 “Edge Type” below.
• I, J, or K‐index Border ‐ Select whether to show the corresponding index border: None, Min,
Max, or Both (Min and Max).
• Edge Color ‐ The edge color.
• Line Thck ‐ The edge line thickness.
For 2D plots, only edge borders are available, and for FE-volume zones, only edge
creases are available.
You can change the Edge Type using the Edge Type column on the Edge page of the Zone Style dialog.
188
9
Contour Layer
Contour plots can be used to show the variation of one variable across the data field. To add a contour
layer to your plot, toggle‐on “Contour” in the Sidebar.
Contour plots can only be plotted with organized data, such as IJ-ordered, IJK-ordered,
or FE-data. Refer to Section 3 - 6 “Working with Unorganized Datasets” for information
on organizing your dataset.
Additional options can be set on the Contour Details Dialog (accessed via the Details [...] button to the
right of Contour in the Sidebar or Plot>Contour/Multi‐Coloring) and the Contour page of the Zone Style
dialog.
An example of each contour plot type is shown in Figure 9‐11.
189
Contour Layer
Figure 9‐11. Contour plot types. This file,
contour_plot_type.lpk, is located in your
Tecplot 360 distribution under the examples/
2D subdirectory.
Contour plots for streamtraces, iso-surfaces, and slices are controlled by their
respective details dialogs and are not discussed here. (Refer to Section 15 - 1.3 “Rod/
Ribbon Page”, Section 16 - 3 “Iso-Surface Style” and Section 14 - 1.3 “Contour Page”,
respectively.)
In order for the changes made on the Contour page to be visible in your plot, the
Contour layer must be turned on. You can turn on the Contour layer by any of three
methods: by toggling-on the Contour layer in the Sidebar, by using the Quick Edit dialog,
or by selecting “Yes” from the [Cont Show] button drop-down menu on the Contour page
of the Zone Style dialog. The first time you activate this layer by either the Zone Style
dialog or the Quick Edit dialog, a confirmation dialog will appear to confirm whether you
wish to activate the Contour layer.
• Contour Show ‐ Select whether or not to show the contour for the highlighted zone(s).
190
Contour Details Dialog
• Contour Type ‐ Tecplot 360 allows you to create contour plots of five different types:
• Lines ‐ Draws lines of constant value of the specified contour variable.
• Flood ‐ Floods regions between contour lines with colors from the global color map.
The distribution of colors used for contour flooding may be banded or continuous.
When banded distribution is used for flooding, a solid color is used between contour
levels. If continuous color distribution is used, the flood color will vary linearly in all
directions. See “Color Distribution Methods” on page 194 for details regarding Tecplot
360’s color distribution methods.
• Both Lines and Flood ‐ Combines the above two options.
• Average Cell ‐ Floods cells or finite elements with colors from the global color map
according to the average value of the contour variable over the data points bounding the
cell.
If the variables are located at the nodes, the values at the nodes are averaged.
If the variables are cell‐centered, the cell‐centered values are averaged to the nodes and
the nodes are then averaged.
• Primary Value ‐ Floods cells or finite elements with colors from the global color map
according to the primary value of the contour variable for each cell. If the variable is cell
centered, the primary value is the value assigned to the cell. If the variable is node
located, the primary value comes from the lowest index node in the cell.
If the variables are located at the nodes, the value of the lowest indexed node in the cell
is used. When plotting IJK‐ordered, FE‐brick or FE‐tetra cells, each face is considered
independently of the other faces. You may get different colors on the different faces of
the same cell.
If the variables are cell‐centered, the cell‐centered value is used directly. When plotting I,
J, or K‐planes in 3D, the cell on the positive side of the plane supplies the value, except in
the case of the last plane, where the cell on the negative side supplies the value.
Go to Data> Data Set Info to determine whether the variables are nodal or cell‐centered.
• Flood By ‐ Select either a contour group (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, or C8) or assign variables
to the RGB color map. See Section 9 ‐ 2.1 “Contour Groups” and Section 5 ‐ 5.2 “RGB Coloring”
for more information.
• Lines By ‐ Select which contour group identifies the contour lines (applicable only when the
contour type is ʹlinesʹ or ʹboth lines and floodʹ).
• Use Lighting (3D only) ‐ Turn on or off the lighting effects. See Chapter 13: “Translucency and
Lighting” for more information on lighting effects.
Options such as contour labels, contour legends, and special settings for contour bands or contour lines
are set by the selected contour group (see Section 9 ‐ 2.1 “Contour Groups”). The color map is set globally
(see Section 5 ‐ 5.1 “Global Color Map”).
191
Contour Layer
Figure 9‐12. The Contour Details dialog in its condensed
• 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ‐ Use the [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], and [8] buttons to specify attributes for a
specific contour group. Each contour group has its own settings for the contour attributes
established in the Contour Details dialog.
• Var ‐ Assign a variable from your dataset to the active Contour Group (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8).
The Contour Group Variables (1‐8) can be used to color contour, mesh, scatter, or vector zone layers, as
specified in the Select Color dialog and the [Flood By] and [Lines By] buttons on the Contour page of the
Zone Style dialog.
192
Contour Details Dialog
193
Contour Layer
You can specify the range and number of levels in any of three ways:
• Min, Max, and Number of Levels (default) ‐ Enter a minimum and maximum level value,
together with the number of levels to be distributed equally throughout the range.
• Min, Max, and Delta ‐ Enter a minimum and maximum level value together with a delta
(step‐size between levels).
• Exponential Distribution ‐ Enter a minimum and maximum level value together with the
number of levels to be distributed exponentially throughout the range.
Use Color Map ‐ Select the color map group to use for contour coloring. The option is sensitive when
“Link All Color Maps Together” is inactive in the Color Map dialog (accessed via Options>Color Map or
the Details [...] button to the right of the Use Color Map drop‐down menu). See Section 5 ‐ 5.1 “Global
Color Map” for more information on color map groups.
• Color Distribution Methods
• Banded ‐ A solid color is assigned for all values within the band between two levels.
(See Section 9 ‐ 2.4 “Contour Bands”.)
• Continuous ‐ The color distribution assigns linearly varying colors to all multi‐colored
objects or contour flooded regions. You can vary the default assignment of colors by
entering a “Min” or “Max” value for Color Map Endpoints.
194
Contour Details Dialog
• Use Approximate Continuous Flooding ‐ Causes each cell to be flooded using
interpolation between the RGB values at each node. When the transition from a color at
one node to another node crosses over the boundary between control points in the color
spectrum, approximate flooding may produce colors not in the spectrum. Leaving this
option unchecked is slower, but more accurate.
• Color Cutoff ‐ Lets you specify a range within which contour flooding and multi‐colored
objects (such as scatter symbols) are displayed.
• Color Map Adjustments
• Reversed Color Map ‐ You can reverse the color map by toggling on “Reverse”. Two
plots, one with the color map going in the default direction and one with the color map
reversed, are shown in Figure 9‐13.
A B
Figure 9‐13. Sample contour plots created using demo file cylinder.plt. This file is
located in your Tecplot 360 distribution under the examples/2D
subdirectory. A) Flooded contour plot with default settings. B) Flooded
contour plot with a reversed colormap.
• Color Map Cycles ‐ You may choose to cycle the color map. This is useful if you have
data where there is a great deal of activity in multiple ranges of the contour variable,
and you want to cycle through all colors in each region. A plot with the color map cycled
twice is shown in Figure 9‐14.
A B
Figure 9‐14. Sample contour plots created using demo file cylinder.plt. A) Flooded
contour plot with default settings. B) Flooded contour plot with the color
195
Contour Layer
The Bands page of the Contour Details dialog has the following options:
• Include Zebra Shading ‐ This effect colors every other band with a specific color (or no color
at all).
• Override Band Colors ‐ Specific contour bands can be assigned a unique basic color. This is
useful for forcing a particular region to use blue, for example, to designate an area of water.
You can define up to 16 color overrides.
196
Contour Details Dialog
• Use Zone Line Pattern ‐ For each zone, draw the contour lines using the line pattern and
pattern length specified in the Contour page of the Zone Style dialog.
If you are adding contour lines to polyhedral zones, the patterns will not be continuous
from one cell to the next. The pattern will restart at every cell boundary.
• Skip to Solid ‐ Draw n dashed lines between each pair of solid lines, where n is an integer you
enter in the text field Number of Dashed Lines to Draw between Solid Lines.
• Dashed Negative Lines ‐ Draw lines of positive contour variable value as solid lines and lines
of negative contour variable value as dashed lines.
The contour plot type must be lines or lines and flood in order to use Contour labels.
197
Contour Layer
Customize contour labels with the Labels page of the Contour Details dialog (accessible from the Plot
menu or the Sidebar), and with the Add Contour Label mouse mode tool from the Toolbar.
To add contour labels to your plot, you can use the Add Contour Label tool from the toolbar (see Section
“Add Contour Labels” on page 26) or the Labels page of the Contour Details dialog.
You can modify the following options using the Labels page of the Contour Details dialog.
• Show Labels ‐ Toggle‐on “Show Labels” to include contour labels in your plot. You can label
the contour levels by selecting either:
• Use Contour Number
• Use Contour Value
• Number Format ‐ Use the [Number Format] button to specify the number formatting of the
Contour labels. See Section 6 ‐ 7.1 “Specify Number Format” for more details.
• Label Format ‐ Use the midsection of the dialog to customize label color, font, and fill settings.
(See Section 18 ‐ 1.2 “Font Folders and Fallback” for more information on how fonts work with
Tecplot 360.)
• Generate Automatic Labels (with each Redraw) ‐ At each Redraw, Tecplot 360 creates a new
set of contour labels. At any time, you can deselect the “Generate Automatic Labels” (with
each Redraw) check box, and Tecplot 360 retains the last set of labels generated.
• Align Labels with Contour Line ‐ Use the Spacing field to specify the spacing of the contour
labels along the contour line, as a percentage of the frame. Use the Level Skip field to specify a
skip value between the contour levels to be labeled.
• Align Next User‐Positioned Label ‐ If the “Align Next User‐Positioned Label” is selected, the
next label is aligned with the contour line. Otherwise, the label is written with normal, upright
text.
• Clear All Contour Labels ‐ When “Generate Automatic Labels” is deselected, you can select
[Clear All Contour Labels] to erase the current set of contour labels.
198
Contour Details Dialog
The following options are available:
• Show Contour Legend ‐ Select this option to show the contour legend on your plot.
• Show Header ‐ Includes the name of the contour variable.
• Separate Color Bands ‐ Select this check box to separate the color bands in the legend with
black lines. Use this option to visually separate similar colors. If this box is not selected, similar
adjacent colors may tend to blur together.
• Alignment ‐ Select Vertical or Horizontal.
• Position ‐ X (%) and Y (%) as percentages of the frame width and height. (You can also move
the legend interactively.)
• Anchor ‐ Specify which part of the legend is anchored in the selected position using the
Anchor Alignment dialog.
• Label Placement ‐ If you have selected “Continuous Color Distribution” on the Coloring page
of the Contour Details dialog, you have three options for placement of labels on the legend:
• Label at Contour Levels ‐ This option places one label for each contour level. See
Section 9 ‐ 2.2 “Contour Levels”.
• Label at Specified Increment ‐ Enter a value in the Increment text field when selected.
• Label at Color Map Divisions ‐ Places one label for each control point on the global
color map. See Section 5 ‐ 5.1 “Global Color Map”.
• Resize Automatically ‐ Automatically skips some levels to create a reasonably sized legend.
• Include Cutoff Levels ‐ Color bands and labels for levels affected by Color Cutoff are shown
in the legend.
• Level Skip ‐ Enter the number of levels between numbers on the legend. This also affects the
number of levels between contour labels on the plot. Skipping levels on the contour legend
compresses the color bar (if one appears); it does not change the spacing between text entries
on the legend.
199
Contour Layer
• Line Spacing ‐ Enter the spacing between contour legend numbers. This does not change the
number of entries in the legend, so a large value here creates a large legend. Use Level Skip to
reduce the number of entries in the legend.
• Header Format ‐ Adjust the font and height for the legend header or the legend labels. (See
Section 18 ‐ 1.2 “Font Folders and Fallback” for more information on how fonts work with
Tecplot 360.)
• Color ‐ Affects the color of all text in the legend.
• Number Format ‐ Adjust the font and format of numbers in the legend. See Section 6 ‐ 7.1
“Specify Number Format” for more details on numeric formatting and see Section 18 ‐ 1.2
“Font Folders and Fallback” for more information on how fonts work with Tecplot 360.
• Legend Box (No Box, Filled, Plain) ‐ If you choose Filled or Plain, format the box using the
following controls:
• Line Thickness ‐ Specify the line thickness as a percentage of frame height.
• Box Color ‐ Choose a color for the legend box outline.
• Fill Color (Filled only) ‐ Choose a color for the legend box fill.
• Margin ‐ Specify the margin between the legend text and legend box as a percentage of
the text height.
Anchor Alignment
Available through the Legend page of the Contour Details dialog, the Anchor Alignment dialog allows
you to specify the anchor point, or fixed point, of the object. As the box grows or shrinks, the anchor
location is fixed while the rest of the box adjusts to accommodate the new size. There are nine possible
anchor points, corresponding to the left, right, and center positions on the headline, midline, and baseline
of the box.
200
Extract Contour Lines
Using the Extract Contour Lines dialog, you have the following options:
• Create a separate zone for each contour level ‐ A new zone will be created for each contour
line plotted. The number of new zones will equal the number of contour levels. The created
zones are FE‐line segment type zones.
• Create a separate zone for each independent line segment in each zone ‐ With this option
you may create many more zones than there are contour levels. New I‐ordered line segment
zones are created in each source zone for each topologically independent contour line.
After generating the zones, we recommend you use the Mesh Layer when plotting the new zones.
201
Contour Layer
202
10
Vector Layer
You can create vector plots by activating the Vector layer in the Tecplot 360 Sidebar, and specifying the
vector component variables. Vector plot attributes can be modified using the Vector page of the Zone Style
dialog.
Figure 10‐15. A vector plot of the cylinder data (with the edge layer also
active). This file, cylinder.plt, is located in your Tecplot 360
distribution under the examples/2D subdirectory.
203
Vector Layer
10 - 1 Vector Variables
When you activate the Vector zone layer (via the Sidebar), Tecplot 360 checks to see whether vector
components have been assigned for the current dataset in the current plot type. If you have not assigned
vector components, the Select Variables dialog will be launched (Figure 10‐16).
Figure 10‐16. Select Variables dialog for the 3D Cartesian plot type. The
dialog box for 2D Cartesian vector variables does not include
Choose variables by selecting the desired U, V, and W (3D only) variables from their respective drop‐
downs. You may select any of the current dataset’s variables as any component. You can change the
component variables at any time by choosing “Vector Variables” from the Vector submenu of the Plot
menu.
Once you have selected the Vector check box and have chosen your vector components, your vector plot
will appear. If vectors are not visible, refer to Section 10 ‐ 4 “Vector Length”.
In order for the changes made on the Vector page to be visible in your plot, the Vector
layer must be turned on. You can turn on the Vector layer by any of three methods: by
toggling-on the Vector layer in the Sidebar, by using the Quick Edit dialog, or by
selecting “Yes” from the [Vect Show] button drop-down menu on the Vector page of the
Zone Style dialog. The first time you activate this layer by either the Zone Style dialog
or the Quick Edit dialog, a confirmation dialog will appear to confirm whether you wish
to activate the Vector layer.
• Vector Show ‐ Select whether or not to show the vector for the highlighted zone(s).
• Vector Type ‐ Select from the following options:
• Tail at Point (default) ‐ Draws the tail of the vector at the data point.
204
Vector Plot Modification
• Head at Point ‐ Draws the head of the vector at the data point.
• Anchor at Midpoint ‐ Positions the midpoint of the vector at the data point.
• Head Only ‐ Draws the head of the vector at the data point and does not draw a tail.
Figure 10‐17 shows examples of each of the vector plot types.
Figure 10‐17. The Vector plot types: tail at
point, head at point, anchor at
midpoint, and head only.
• Head Style ‐ Figure 10‐18 displays the available arrowhead styles.
• Plain (default) ‐ Line segments drawn from the head of the vector.
• Filled ‐ Filled isosceles triangles with apex at the head of the vector.
• Hollow ‐ Hollow isosceles triangles with apex at the head of the vector.
Figure 10‐18. Arrowhead types for vector
plots (plain, filled and
• Line Color ‐ The vector color.
• Vect Tang ‐ Select whether to display the vectors as 3D vectors with both the normal and
tangent components or just the tangents components. Tangent vectors are drawn on 3D
surfaces only where it is possible to determine a vector normal to the surface. A plot where
multiple surfaces intersect each other using common nodes is a case where tangent vectors are
not drawn because there is more than one normal to choose from. An example of this would be
a volume IJK‐ordered zone where both the I and J‐planes are plotted. If tangent vectors cannot
be drawn, then regular vectors are plotted instead.
• Line Pttrn ‐ The vector line pattern.
• Pttrn Lngth ‐ The vector line pattern length.
• Line Thck ‐ The vector line thickness.
205
Vector Layer
Figure 10‐19. Comparison of the Vect Tang options. A) vectors
are drawn with both the normal and tangent
components. B) vectors are drawn with only the
The following attributes are assigned on a frame‐by‐frame basis, rather than zone‐by‐zone:
• Vector lengths. See Section 10 ‐ 4 “Vector Length”.
• Arrowhead angle and size. See Section 10 ‐ 3 “Vector Arrowheads”.
• The reference vector. See Section 10 ‐ 5 “Reference Vectors”
If your data consists of a dense mesh of points, a vector plot may be too crowded to be
of much use. You can “thin” the plot by plotting only a certain subset of the data points
with the Index Skip attribute from the Points page of the Zone Style dialog.
10 - 3 Vector Arrowheads
You can specify arrowhead sizes as either a fraction of the vector length or in frame units (that is, as a
percentage of the frame height). Arrowhead size is a global attribute; it applies to all arrowheads in all
zones in the active frame. By default, Tecplot 360 specifies size as a fraction of the vector length.
To modify the arrowhead size select “Arrowheads” from the Vector sub‐menu of the Plot menu.
The Vector Arrowheads dialog has the following options:
• Angle (deg) ‐ The arrowhead angle is the angle that one side of the arrowhead makes with the
vector, i.e. the apex angle is twice the arrowhead angle. To specify the arrowhead angle, enter a
value from 1 to 90, or choose a value from the drop‐down, indicated by the down‐arrow
button.
• Set Size Based On:
• Fraction of Length ‐ Enter a decimal value from zero to ten.
206
Vector Length
• Frame Units (%) ‐ Enter a percentage value from zero to 100.
10 - 4 Vector Length
Vector length is a global attribute—it applies to all zones in the active frame. To specify the vector length,
select “Length” from the Vector sub‐menu of the Plot menu.
The Vector Length dialog has the following options:
• Relative (Grid Units/Magnitude) ‐ Specify the vector length as the number of grid units per
unit of vector magnitude.
• Relative (Cm/Magnitude) ‐ Specify the vector length as the number of centimeters per unit of
vector magnitude.
• Uniform (%) ‐ Specify the vector length as a percentage of frame height.
• Recalculate Length ‐ The default vector length is based on the size of the longest vector. Select
[Recalculate Length] to change the vector length to a relative vector length with the scale factor
expressed in grid units per unit of vector magnitude.
For either of the “Relative” options, the value you specify is a scale factor that is multiplied by the vector
magnitude to determine the length of the vector.
Since 3D vectors are plotted in the plane of the screen, a 3D vector’s length will depend
on both the vector length settings and the orientation of the vector. The length may be
distorted even further if the vector length setting is Relative and the 3D projection is
Perspective.
207
Vector Layer
10 - 5 Reference Vectors
A reference vector is a vector of specified magnitude placed on the plot as a measure against all other
vectors. To display a reference vector, select “Reference Vector” from Vector sub‐menu of the Plot menu.
The Reference Vector dialog has the following options:
• Show Reference Vector ‐ Toggle‐on to include a reference vector in your plot.
• Origin (%) ‐ Enter the coordinates of the starting point of the reference vector, as a percentage
of the frame width (X) and frame height (Y).
• Color ‐ Choose a color from the Select Color dialog. Multi‐color and RGB coloring are not
available.
• Angle (deg) ‐ Enter the orientation of the vector in degrees from horizontal, or choose a value
from the drop‐down.
• Line Thickness (%) ‐ Enter the desired line thickness, or choose a value from the drop‐down.
• Magnitude ‐ Enter the magnitude of the reference vector. The units correspond to those of the
vector components.
• Include Magnitude Label ‐ Toggle‐on to include the magnitude of the reference vector in the
label. Select and modify any of the following options:
• Text Color ‐ Choose a color from the Select Color dialog. Multi‐color and RGB coloring
are not available.
• Font ‐ Select the [Font] button to choose the font typeface and size from the Select Font
dialog, or select the up and down arrows to adjust the size alone. (See Section 18 ‐ 1.2
“Font Folders and Fallback” for more information on how fonts work with Tecplot 360.)
• Number Format ‐ Select the [Number Format] button to specify how the number will be
formatted. See Section 6 ‐ 7.1 “Specify Number Format” for a discussion of this dialog.
• Offset ‐ Choose the spacing between the label and the reference vector as a percentage
of frame height.
208
Reference Vectors
Figure 10‐20 shows a plot with a reference vector
Figure 10‐20. An example of a vector plot with a reference vector included. The
label for the reference vector was included using Insert>Text.
209
Vector Layer
210
11
Scatter Layer
Scatter plots are plots of symbols at the data points in a field. The symbols may be sized according to the
values of a specified variable, colored by the values of the contour variable, or may be uniformly sized or
colored. Unlike contour plots, scatter plots do not require any mesh structure connecting the points, this
allows you to make scatter plots of irregular data.
To add a scatter layer to your plot, activate the “Scatter” toggle in the Sidebar. You can modify your Scatter
plot using the Scatter page of the Zone Style dialog and the Scatter submenu of the Plot menu.
In order for the changes made on the Scatter page to be visible in your plot, the Scatter
layer must be turned on. You can turn on the Scatter layer by any of three methods: by
toggling-on the Scatter layer in the Sidebar, by using the Quick Edit dialog, or by
selecting “Yes” from the [Scat Show] button drop-down menu on the Scatter page of the
Zone Style dialog. The first time you activate this layer by either the Zone Style dialog
or the Quick Edit dialog, a confirmation dialog will appear to confirm whether you wish
to activate the Scatter layer.
211
Scatter Layer
• Scat Show ‐ Select whether or not to show the scatter layer for the highlighted zone(s).
• Symbol Shape ‐ Select one of the following symbols shapes:
• Square (default)
• Delta
• Gradient
• Left Triangle
• Right Triangle
• Diamond
• Circle
• Point
• Cube (rendered as a square in 2D)
• Sphere (rendered as a circle in 2D)
• Octahedron (rendered as a diamond in 2D)
• [...] Other ‐ Plot with a specified ASCII character (as specified in the Enter ASCII
Character dialog.) In the dialog, enter a character to use as a symbol, and then specify
the Tecplot 360 character set from which to obtain the symbol: Base (English Font),
Greek, Math, or User Defined. See also: Figure 18‐2.
You can change the base font in the Scatter Size/Font dialog, accessible via Plot>Symbol
Font. See Section 11 ‐ 2 “Scatter Size/Font” on page 213.
3D scatter symbols should only be used if your dataset is on the order of thousands of
points. If your dataset is large, (millions of points), try using 2D scatter symbols instead.
• Outline Color ‐ Select from either the color palette or one of the contour groups.
• Multi‐color ‐ Each plotting symbol is colored according to the value of the selected
contour variable at that data point.
• RGB coloring ‐ Each plotting symbol is colored according to the values at that data
point for the variables assigned to RGB.
• Fill Mode ‐ The 3D symbol shapes, Cube, Sphere, and Octahedron are filled with the line
color, but the other shapes have several optional fill modes:
• None (default)
• Use Line Color ‐ Matches to outline color.
• Use Back Color ‐ Matches to frame color.
• Use Specific Color ‐ Select a specific Fill Color from the [Fill Mode] button.
• Fill Color ‐ Select from either the color palette or one of the contour groups.
• Scat Size ‐ Scale the symbol size by either a percentage of the frame width or a variable in the
dataset. (See Section 11 ‐ 2 “Scatter Size/Font” for complete instructions for sizing scatter
symbols by variable.)
• Line Thck ‐ Select the thickness of the scatter outlines for each highlighted zone(s).
Spheres, Cubes, and Octahedrons are always light-source shaded. Spheres are Gouraud
shaded, and Cubes and Octahedrons are Panel shaded. Cube edges are aligned with X, Y,
and Z-axes. Octahedrons are oriented so one vertex points in the Z-direction and one
vertex points in the X-direction. For best appearance of 3D shapes, adjust the Light
Source to use Specular Highlighting. Scat Size and Line Thck are not available for the point
symbol. Points are always one pixel in size.
212
Scatter Size/Font
If your data consists of a dense mesh of points, a scatter plot may be too crowded to be
of much use. You can “thin” the scatter plot by plotting only a certain subset of the data
points with the Index Skip attribute from the Points page of the Zone Style dialog.
The Point scatter symbol allows for quick viewing and panning in 3D plots. It is also a
useful tool for identifying features in volume zones.
11 - 2 Scatter Size/Font
Use the Scatter Size/Fonts dialog (accessed via Plot>Scatter>Size/Font in 2D/3D or Plot>Symbol Font in
line plot modes) to choose the base font used for ASCII character symbols and the scatter‐size variable
used to scale scatter symbols. The Scatter Size/Font dialog is shown below:
The following options are available:
• Base Font for ASCII Symbols ‐ Select a font family from the drop‐down and optionally a bold
and/or italic style. (See Section 18 ‐ 1.2 “Font Folders and Fallback” for more information on
how fonts work with Tecplot 360.)
• Scatter‐size Variable ‐ Select a variable from the drop‐down of the datasetʹs variables. If the
Scat Size field is set to “Size by Variable” on the Scatter page of the Zone Style dialog, this
variable is used to calculate the scatter symbol size at each data point. The actual size of each
symbol is determined by multiplying the value of the variable at each point by the Size
Multiplier. If the Scat Size field is not set to “Size by Variable”, this field has no effect.
• Size Multiplier ‐ Enter the scale factor that multiplies the values of the Scatter‐size Variable to
size the scatter symbols. If the Scat Size field on the Zone Style dialog is not set to “Size by
Variable”, this field has no effect. The Size Multiplier multiplied by the scatter variable value
gives the size of the scatter symbol at a point, in units, specified by the following option
buttons:
• Grid Units/Magnitude ‐ Select this to express the Size Multiplier in terms of grid units
per unit of variable magnitude.
• Cm/Magnitude ‐ Select this to express the Size Multiplier in terms of screen centimeters
per unit of variable magnitude.
• Recalculate Size ‐ Select to reset the Size Multiplier to Tecplot 360ʹs initial value.
213
Scatter Layer
Figure 11‐1. Scatter plot with reference scatter symbol.
The text label was added using Insert>Text.
You create the reference scatter symbol using the Reference Scatter Symbol dialog (accessed via
Plot>Scatter). The dialog will open only if a scatter size variable is defined; if you have not yet created one,
select one by choosing Scatter Font/Size from the Plot menu, then choosing a “Scatter Size Variable” from
the drop‐down. The Reference Scatter Symbol dialog is shown below:
214
Scatter Legends
• Show Reference Scatter Symbol ‐ Toggle‐on to include a reference symbol in your plot.
• Origin ‐ Choose the position of the reference symbol.
• Magnitude ‐ Specify the size of the reference symbol.
• Formatting ‐ Modify the color, fill mode, line thickness, and shape as desired.
11 - 4 Scatter Legends
To include the scatter legend, select “Scatter Legend” from the Scatter sub‐menu of the Plot menu. Select
the following options in the Scatter Legend dialog.
• Show Scatter Legend ‐ Toggle‐on to include a scatter legend in the plot.
• Show Zone Names ‐ Toggle‐on to include zone names in the legend.
• Text ‐ Format the text for the legend by choosing a color and font, and specifying the text
height as a percentage of the frame height or in units of points. (See Section 18 ‐ 1.2 “Font
Folders and Fallback” for more information on how fonts work with Tecplot 360.) Enter the
desired line spacing in the Line Spacing text field.
• Position ‐ Specify the location of the anchor point of the legend by entering values in the X (%)
and Y (%) text fields. Enter X as a percentage of the frame width and Y as a percentage of the
frame height.
• Legend Box ‐ Select the type of box to draw around the legend (No Box, Filled, or Plain).
If you choose Filled or Plain, format the box using the following controls:
• Line Thickness ‐ Specify the line thickness as a percentage of frame height.
• Box Color ‐ Choose a color for the legend box outline.
• Fill Color ‐ (Filled only) Choose a color for the legend box fill.
• Margin ‐ Specify the margin between the legend text and legend box as a percentage of
the text height.
215
Scatter Layer
216
12
Shade Layer
Although most commonly used with 3D surfaces, shade plots can also be used to flood 2D plots with solid
colors, or light source shade the exterior of 3D volume plots. In 3D plots, zone effects (translucency and
lighting) cause color variation (shading) throughout the zone(s). Shading can also help you discern the
shape of the plot.
Toggle‐on “Shade” in the Sidebar to add shading to your plot. Use the Shade page of the Zone Style
dialog to customize shading. Refer to Chapter 13: “Translucency and Lighting” for information on
translucency and lighting zone effects.
Shade plots require IJ or IJK-ordered, or finite element data. I-ordered, or irregular data
cannot be used to create shade plots.
In order for the changes made on the Shade page to be visible in your plot, the Shade
layer must be turned on. You can turn on the Shade layer by any of three methods: by
toggling-on the Shade layer in the Sidebar, by using the Quick Edit dialog, or by
selecting “Yes” from the [Shade Show] button drop-down menu on the Shade page of
the Zone Style dialog. The first time you activate this layer by either the Zone Style
dialog or the Quick Edit dialog, a confirmation dialog will appear to confirm whether you
wish to activate the Shade layer.
You can control any of the following attributes from the Shade page of the Zone Style dialog:
217
Shade Layer
• Shade Show ‐ Select whether the shade layer is visible for each active zone.
• Shade Color ‐ select the shade color. In 2D Cartesian plots, only solid zone flooding is
available (i.e. no lighting effects).
• Use Lighting ‐ (3D only) Turns the lighting zone effect off or on. When “no” is selected, the
shade color is used to uniformly color the zone. Refer to Chapter 13: “Translucency and
Lighting” for information on translucency and lighting zone effects.
218
13
You can enhance the shade and contour zone layers in 3D plots using Translucency and Lighting Effects
(referred to collectively as the “3D zone effects”). The 3D zone effects for streamtraces, slices, and iso‐
surfaces can be activated using their respective dialogs (accessed via the Plot menu or the Sidebar or via
the Plot menu). The Effects page of the Zone Style dialog is shown below.
In order for changes related to lighting or translucency to be visible, the desired effect
must be toggled-on in the Sidebar.
13 - 1 Translucency
Turn‐on the translucency zone effect by toggling‐on “translucency” in the Zone Effects region of the
Sidebar. When a zone is translucent, you may view objects inside or beyond the zone. You can control the
translucency of a zone using the Surface Translucency attribute in the Effects page of the Zone Style
dialog. The level of translucency may be set to a value between 1 (nearly solid) and 99 (nearly invisible).
219
Translucency and Lighting
There are nine pre‐set percentages ranging from 10 to 90. You may also use the “Enter” option to define a
percentage of your own. An example of a translucent plot is shown in Figure 13‐1.
Figure 13‐1. An example of a plot using translucency.
All surfaces in 3D Cartesian plots may be made translucent. A different translucency may be assigned to
individual zones, and may also be assigned to derived objects such as slices, streamtrace ribbons or rods,
and iso‐surfaces. Use the Effects page of the Zone Style dialog to change translucency settings for zones.
13 - 2 Lighting Effects
There are two types of lighting effects: Paneled and Gouraud.
• Paneled ‐ Within each cell, the color assigned to each area by shading or contour flooding is
tinted by a shade constant across the cell. This shade is based on the orientation of the cell
relative to your 3D light source.
• Gouraud ‐ This plot type offers a more continuous and much smoother shading than Paneled
shading, but it also results in slower plotting and larger print files. Gouraud shading is not
continuous across zone boundaries, unless face neighbors are specified1. Gouraud shading is
not available for finite element volume zones when blanking is included. A finite element
volume zone set to use Gouraud shading will revert to Paneled shading when blanking is
included.
If IJK‐ordered data with Surfaces to Plot is set to Exposed Cell Faces, faces exposed by
blanking will revert to Paneled shading.
1. Refer to Section “TECFACE112” in the Tecplot Data Format Guide for details regarding face neighbors.
220
Three-dimensional Light Source
Figure 13‐2 shows two shade plots. The one on the left uses a Paneled lighting effect and the one on the
right uses a Gouraud lighting effect.
Figure 13‐2. A comparison of the paneled (left) and Gouraud (right) lighting
The Light Source dialog has the following options:
• Light Source Position ‐ The 3D light source position is indicated by a dot over the origin of the
3D orientation axes in the Light Source Position region of the dialog. The 3D light source is a
point of light infinitely far from the drawing area. The 3D light source applies to all objects
within a frame and may be different among frames in the workspace.
You can specify its location by clicking‐and‐dragging the point with your mouse in the Light
Source Position region on the Light Source dialog. When the light source position moves away
from the eye‐origin ray, its representation changes from a point to an arrow. The length of the
arrow indicates the distance between the eye‐origin ray and the light source position.
• Intensity (%) ‐ Controls the amount of lighting effect produced by the directional light source.
An intensity of 100 produces the maximum contrast between lit and unlit areas, and fully lit
areas use the full surface color. Lesser values produce less contrast between lit and unlit areas,
221
Translucency and Lighting
and fully lit areas use darker colors. An intensity of zero means the light source produces no
contrast between lit and unlit areas, and all areas are black.
• Background Light (%) ‐ Controls the amount of lighting effect applied to all objects regardless
of the light source position. A background light of zero means that areas unlit by the
directional light source receive no lighting at all and are entirely black, while areas lit by the
directional light source get only the effect of that light. Larger values produce more lighting
effect in areas not lit by the directional light source, making these areas show some of the
surface color. A background light of 100 means that all areas are lit by the maximum amount,
and areas unlit by the directional light source use the full surface color.
Intensity and Background Light are cumulative; they can add up to more than 100 and
result in colors lightened beyond the base surface color. For example, reds will become
pink and grays will become white.
• Surface Color Contrast (%) ‐ Controls the contrast of the color of the light source shaded
surfaces before applying lighting effects. A surface color contrast of 100 means that light source
shaded surfaces use the full surface color for applying lighting effects. Lesser values mean that
the surface color is blended with progressively more white, making light source shaded
surface colors lighter. A surface color contrast of zero means that colors are pure white before
applying lighting effects (the plot will only be shades of gray).
• Include Specular Highlighting ‐ Turns on/off specular highlight for all light‐source shaded
objects in the plot. Specular Highlighting adds the semblance of reflected light to 3D shaded or
flooded objects.
• Intensity (%) ‐ Controls intensity of specular highlights (that is, the amount of reflected
light, which controls the amount of whiteness at the peak of the highlight).
• Shininess ‐ Controls shininess of specular highlight (that is, roughly the size and spread
of specular highlight).
• Lighting Optimizations ‐ Some combinations of lighting type and plot style may result in
very slow redrawing of plots. Tecplot 360 provides lighting optimizations to avoid such
conditions and instead draws a similar, but less intensive plot. These optimizations are on by
default. Turn them off if you need to see the exact effects you have specified. You may want to
turn off the graphics cache before turning off those optimizations for plots with large amounts
of data. (See Section “Graphics Cache” on page 483 for information on the graphics cache.)
222
14
Slices
You can add slices to your plot in order to view X, Y, or Z planes within your data. With IJK‐ordered data,
you can also add slices on the I, J, or K planes. Slices can include lighting effects, contours, meshes, and
more.
You can also use slices to clip (slice off) a portion of the displayed plot, yielding a cut‐away along the X, Y,
or Z plane.
To customize these and other attributes of slices, use the Slice Details dialog, accessible from the Sidebar
or the Plot menu.
Tecplot 360 includes two methods for creating slices:
1. Create a slice interactively ‐ To use this simple method, select the Slice tool in the
Sidebar. This will activate a crosshair tool. Click anywhere within your plot to place a slice.
Using the Slice tool, you can drag the slice to change its position. Refer to “Slice Tool” on
page 24 for more information on working with the Slice tool.
For additional control, additional slices, or another way to insert slices derived from the
dataset, use the Position page of the Slice Details dialog. You can open the Slice Details
dialog by selecting the Details button next to the Slices toggle in the Sidebar.
Interactively created slices are derived from the dataset and are defined by a constant X, Y, or
Z location (or constant I, J, or K indexes, for IJK ordered zones). Tecplot 360 considers this type
of slice as a style of your plot and does not add it to the dataset unless you extract it to a zone
(using Data>Extract>Current Slices).
Use this method of slicing in order to use the slice to clip a portion of the displayed plot. See
Chapter 20: “Surface Clipping” for information on how to do this.
2. Extract a slice to a zone ‐ To create a slice as a zone extraction, select “Slice from Plane” from
Data>Extract. The Extract Slice from Plane dialog that appears allows you to slice through 3D
surfaces as well as 3D volume zones. You cannot move the position of an extracted slice, and
you cannot use an extracted slice for clipping.
Choose the method of slice creation according to the type of control you wish to have over the slice(s). The
resulting slices are always 3D surfaces.
223
Slices
You must toggle-on “Show Group n” in order for the changes made in the Slice Details
dialog to be visible in your plot.
You must toggle-on “Show Group n” (where n = 1‐8) in order to include the Slice group
in your plot.
224
Interactively Created Slices
• Above Primary Slice ‐ Choose “Above Primary Slice” to clip off the display of your plot
from the primary slice toward the axis maximum.
• None ‐ Choose “None” to disable clipping by the current slice. This is the default
setting.
• Show Primary Slice ‐ Toggle‐on to include the primary slice (first slice placed) in your plot.
Use the slider or the text field to specify the position of the primary slice.
• Show Start/End Slices ‐ Toggle‐on to include start and end slices in your plot. Use the
corresponding sliders or text fields to position the slices.
• Show Intermediate Slices ‐ Toggle‐on to show intermediate slices between the start and end
slices. Intermediate slices are distributed evenly between the start and end slices.
• Num Slices ‐ Enter the number of intermediate slicing planes in the text field. (Range 1‐
5000.)
• Range for all Sliders ‐ Limit the range for the sliders.
• Min, Step Size, Max ‐ Specify the start, end, and step for the slider range.
• Reset Slider Range ‐ Sets the slider range based on the range of the Slice Plane Location
variable in the active zones.
• Show Full Slice While Dragging ‐ Toggle‐on to include a full image of the slice as you drag it
to a new position. When “Show Full Slice While Dragging” is toggled‐off, a solid‐colored slice
is shown during the dragging of slices or sliders. NOTE: Show Full Slice While Dragging is a
global setting and is not specific to a Slice Group.
The Show Full Slice While Dragging option is not available if the slice plane is I, J, or K.
225
Slices
• Line Color ‐ Choose the line color from the Select Color dialog. Multi‐Color will color
the slice contour lines based on the contour group variable.
• Line Thickness ‐ Specify the line thickness as a percentage of the frame width. You may
enter a value in the text field, or choose one of the values in the drop‐down.
• Use Lighting Effect ‐ Select this check box to enable the lighting effect drop‐down menu
where you may choose “Paneled” or “Gouraud” shading. See Section “Translucency and
Lighting” for more details on lighting effects.
• Use Surface Translucency ‐ Select this check box to enable the surface translucency text field,
where you may set the surface translucency from one (opaque) to 99 (translucent).
226
Interactively Created Slices
227
Slices
228
Slices Extracted Directly to Zones
• Show Trace ‐ To see a “trace” of the current slice, toggle‐on “Show Trace”.
If Show Trace is selected, Tecplot 360 draws an approximation of the intersection of the slicing
plane with the active 3D zones. For finite element zones, the trace in fact draws all line
segments of the intersections of the slicing plane with the cells in the zone. For IJK‐ordered
data, the trace is simply the line resulting from the intersection of the slicing plane and the
outer surface of the zone.
If Show Trace is not selected, Tecplot 360 simply draws the intersection of the slicing plane
within the axis box.
• Force Extraction to Single Zone ‐ Choose this option to force the resulting object to be placed
in a single zone. If “Force Extraction to Single Zone” is not selected, one zone per contiguous
region is created.
• Create Slice From ‐ Choose to Create Slices From volume zones, surface zones, or surfaces of a
volume zone. A slice from a volume zone will create a plane. A slice from a surface zone, or the
surface of a volume zone, will be a line or curve.
Once you have created the slice zone, you may plot it using the Zone Style Dialog, write it out
to a data file, delete it, etc. It is the same as any zone that was read into Tecplot 360. If you slice
volume zones, the resulting slice zones are finite element surface, quadrilateral element‐types.
If you slice surface zones, the resulting zones are finite element line segment element types.
See Figure 14‐1 for an example of a zone created by a slice.
Figure 14‐1. Zone extracted by slicing 3D
volume zone. This file, jetflow.plt is
available in your Tecplot 360
distribution under the examples/
229
Slices
230
15
Streamtraces
A streamtrace is the path traced by a massless particle placed at an arbitrary location in a steady‐state
vector field. Streamtraces may be used to illustrate the nature of the vector field flow in a particular region
of the plot. See Section 22 ‐ 9 “Calculating Particle Paths and Streaklines” for information on adding
streaklines and particle paths to your plot.
Because streamtraces are dependent upon a vector field, you must define vector components before
creating streamtraces in Tecplot 360. However, it is not necessary to activate the Vector zone layer to use
streamtraces.
To add streamtraces to your plot, toggle‐on “Show Streamtraces” in the Streamtrace Details and use
either the Add Streamtrace tool or the [Create Stream(s)] button on the Position page of the
Streamtrace Details dialog (accessed via the Sidebar or the Plot menu) to specify the location of your
streamtraces.
To create streamtraces with a format other than Surface Line, select a format from the “Create Streamtrace
with Format” drop‐down menu on the streamtrace(s) Position page of the Streamtrace Details dialog.
Use the 3D Placement Plane (available in the Sidebar) when positioning volume
streamtraces (Section “Placement Plane” on page 18).
If you are drawing a rake on concave 3D volume surfaces using the Add Streamtrace tool, hold down the
SHIFT key to draw the rake outside of the data.
There are two main categories of streamtraces:
• Surface line streamtraces (or streamlines) ‐ Surface streamtraces are confined to the surface
on which they are placed. They can only be placed in zones displayed as a 2D or 3D surface. If
you try to place streamlines in a zone displayed as a 3D volume, an error dialog appears, and
no streamlines are drawn. See Section 15 ‐ 1.2 “Line Page”. When surface streamtraces are
placed on a no‐slip boundary surface, they will propagate according to the flow field very near
the surface (see Section 15 ‐ 3 “Surface Streamtraces on No‐slip Boundaries” for more
information).
231
Streamtraces
• Volume streamtraces ‐ Volume streamtraces can be created in 3D volume zones only (IJK‐
ordered or FE‐volume zones). See Section 15 ‐ 1.3 “Rod/Ribbon Page”. Volume streamtraces are
subdivided into three categories:
• Volume Lines, or volume streamlines.
• Volume Ribbons, or streamribbons.
• Volume Rods, or streamrods.
If you have added streamtraces to your plot, but cannot see them, go to the Volume
page of the Zone Style dialog and verify that Show Streamtraces is set to “Yes”. Refer
to Section 7 - 1.3 “Derived Volume Object Plotting” for details.
In order for the changes made on the Streamtrace Details dialog to be visible in your
plot, you must have “Show Streamtraces” toggled-on.
Alternatively, you can add streamtraces using the Add Streamtrace tool . See also
Section “Add Streamtrace” on page 25.
232
Streamtrace Details dialog
The following options are available:
• Create Streamtraces with Format ‐ Choose the format for the next streamtrace from the drop‐
down. The options are as follows:
• Surface Line ‐ Two‐dimensional and 3D surface streamlines. Surface lines are confined
to the surface upon which they are placed. If placed in a 3D volume zone, these
streamtraces are not plotted.
• Volume Line ‐ Three‐dimensional volume streamline plotted through 3D space. The
streamline path is integrated in three dimensions within the 3D volume field.
• Volume Ribbon ‐ Three‐dimensional volume streamtrace with a defined thickness that
twists in accordance with the local stream‐wise vorticity of the vector field: a
streamribbon. When you select this option, you should also check the ribbon width on
the Rod/Ribbon page of the Streamtrace Details dialog. The width affects all
streamtraces, including those already placed. The default width is often too large, but it
is automatically calculated based upon the extent of your data. The center of the
streamribbon is a 3D volume streamline. The streamribbon rotates about this streamline
in accordance with the local vector field. Streamribbons have an orientation at each step.
• Volume Rod ‐ Three‐dimensional volume streamtrace with a defined thickness and a
polygonal cross‐section: a streamrod. The cross‐section of a streamrod rotates around a
volume streamline in accordance with the local stream‐wise vorticity. The center of the
streamrod is a regular 3D volume streamline. Streamrods have an orientation at each
step. As with streamribbons, you should check the rod width on the Rod/Ribbon page of
the Streamtrace Details dialog, as well as the number of rod points (three, by default).
The number of points indicates the cross‐sectional shape of the rod. Three is an
equilateral triangle; four, a square; five, a regular pentagon; and so forth. Like the width
parameter, the number of points applies to all streamrods, including those already
placed.
D - Switches to streamrods
R - Switches to streamribbons
S - Switches to surface lines
V - Switches to volume lines
• Direction ‐ Select the stream integration direction from the following options:
• Forward ‐ Select for forward integration from the starting point.
• Backward ‐ Select for backward integration from the starting point. When the
streamlines are calculated backwards, the arrowheads still point in the forward
direction.
• Both ‐ Select for both forward and backward integration from the starting point. (For
streamribbons and streamrods, you should avoid this option.)
• Enter IJK Positions ‐ Select to specify the streamtrace starting point (and rake ending
positions, if applicable) using the mesh indices I, J, and K.
• Enter XYZ Positions ‐ Select to specify the streamtrace starting point (and rake ending
positions, if applicable) using the spatial coordinates X, Y, and Z.
• Zone (only if Enter IJK Positions is selected) ‐ Select from the drop‐down the zone for which
the I, J, (and K) indices are being specified.
• Create Rake ‐ Select to identify the starting position as the start of a rake, and to activate the
Rake Ending Position fields. A rake is a group of streamtraces.
• Streamtrace Start Position ‐ Specify the starting position for a single streamtrace, or (if “Create
Rake” is selected) the beginning of a rake of streamtraces. There are two or three fields, labeled
233
Streamtraces
either X, Y, (and Z) or I, J, (and K). Enter the desired value in each field, or use the up and down
arrows to increase or decrease the values.
• Rake End Position (Only if Create Rake is selected) ‐ Specify the end position for a rake of
streamtraces. There are two or three fields, labeled either X, Y, (and Z) or I, J, (and K). Enter the
desired value in each field, or use the up and down arrows to increase or decrease the values.
• Create Streamtrace ‐ Select this button to place the streamtrace or rake of streamtraces.
• Streamtraces per Rake ‐ Enter an integer in the text field to specify the number of streamtraces
on each rake, where a rake is a group of streamtraces.
• Number of Streamtraces (Information only) ‐ The number of streamtraces currently placed.
• Delete All ‐ Select to delete all streamtraces in the current plot.
• Delete Last ‐ Select to delete the last streamtrace placed.
• Show Streamtraces ‐ Toggle‐on to include streamtraces in your plot.
• Line Color ‐ Enter the color for all streamtraces. You may set the color to Multi‐color to color
the streamtraces by the chosen contour group variable in the same manner as color flooding. (If
the contour variable is not currently defined, the Contour Variable dialog appears so that you
234
Streamtrace Details dialog
can define it.) You can use the Multi‐color option, for example, to color the streamtraces by the
local temperature or by the velocity magnitude. You can also specify RGB coloring.
The following attributes affect surface and volume streamlines:
• Line Thickness ‐ Enter a value, or choose a pre‐set value for the streamline thickness (as a
percentage of the frame height for 2D lines and as a percentage of the median axis length for
3D surface lines and volume lines), or choose a pre‐set value from the drop‐down menu.
• Arrows ‐ Toggle‐on “Show Arrowheads on Lines” to display arrowheads along all streamlines
(surface and volume) in the active frame. Arrows are not shown on volume ribbons or volume
rods. You can also control the following attributes of the displayed arrows:
• Arrowhead Size ‐ Either enter a value for the arrowhead size (as a percentage of the
frame height), or choose a pre‐set value from the drop‐down menu.
• Arrowhead Spacing ‐ Enter the distance between arrowheads in terms of Y‐frame units.
A value of ten percent will space arrowheads approximately ten percent of the frame
height apart from each other along each streamline.
• Rod/Ribbon Width ‐ Enter a width for the volume ribbons and volume rods. The width is
expressed in grid units. If you want two sets of streamtraces with different widths, you must
create them individually by creating a set of streamtraces with a specific width, extracting the
set as a zone, and then configuring a new set of streamtraces with the second width.
• Rod Points ‐ Volume rods have a polygonal cross‐section; this parameter tells Tecplot 360
what that cross‐section should be. (Three is an equilateral triangle, four is a square, five is a
regular pentagon, and so on.) If you want two sets of volume rods with different cross‐sections,
you must create one set and then extract the set as a zone, then configure a new set of
streamtraces with the second cross‐section. See Section 15 ‐ 4 “Streamtrace Extraction as
Zones”.
• Show Mesh ‐ Toggle‐on to display a mesh.
235
Streamtraces
• Mesh Color ‐ Select a mesh color from the drop‐down menu, or choose a custom color
or multi‐color.
• Mesh Line Thickness ‐ Select a line thickness from the drop‐down menu, or enter your
own number in the text field.
• Show Contour Flood ‐ Toggle‐on to display contour flooding.
• Flood by ‐ Select the contour group to flood.
• [...] ‐ Use this button to bring up the Contour Details dialog.
• Show Shade ‐ Toggle‐on to display shading.
• Shade Color ‐ Select a shade color from the Select Color dialog. Multi‐color and RGB
coloring are not available (use contour flooding instead).
• Use Lighting Effect ‐ Toggle‐on to enable the lighting effect drop‐down menu. From
this menu you can select “Paneled” or “Gouraud” shading.
• Use Surface Translucency ‐ Toggle‐on to enable the surface translucency text field,
where you can set the surface translucency from one (opaque) to 99 (translucent).
236
Streamtrace Details dialog
Stream markers are symbols plotted along streamtrace paths to identify the positions of particles at certain
times. Figure 15‐1 shows a plot with both streamtrace markers and dashes.
Figure 15‐1. Streamtrace markers (top), dashes
(bottom), and both (middle). This file,
cylinder.plt is available in your Tecplot 360
distribution under the examples/2D
subdirectory.
The spacing between stream markers is proportional to the magnitude of the local vector field. You can
adjust the spacing between stream markers by specifying the time interval (or delta) between stream
markers. Increasing the delta time will increase the space between stream markers and vice versa. The
actual spacing is the product of the local vector magnitude and the specified delta.
You may also select the shape of your stream marker using the pre‐set list under the Shape drop‐down
menu on the Timing page of the Streamtrace Details dialog. Selecting “Other” from the list activates the
Enter ASCII Character option, where you may enter an ASCII character to be used as your stream marker.
237
Streamtraces
To place stream markers or dashes along your streamtraces, open the Timing page of the Streamtrace
Details dialog (accessed via the Sidebar or the Plot menu).
The Timing page has the following options:
• Show Markers [default = spheres (3D) /circles (2D)] ‐ Toggle‐on to include stream markers.
Stream markers are only available for streamlines (surface and volume). Specify the size, color,
and shape of the markers in the fields provided.
• Show Dashes ‐ Toggle‐on to include stream dashes. The lengths of the dashes and the spaces
between the dashes are controlled by the value of Delta. Enter a value into the dash skip factor
to control the number of time deltas are used for the “off” sections of the streamtraces.
• Time Start ‐ Enter the time at which the first marker should be drawn. A start time of zero
means that the first marker is drawn at the starting point. A start time of 2.5 means that the first
stream marker is drawn 2.5 time units downstream of the starting point.
• Time End ‐ Enter the time after which no more stream markers are drawn.
• Time Delta ‐ Enter the time interval that measures the time between stream markers. The
actual distance between markers is the product of this number and the local vector magnitude.
• Time Anchor ‐ Enter the time that a dash is guaranteed to start, provided the start and end
time surround the dash.
238
Streamtrace Details dialog
Figure 15‐2. A streamtrace termination line drawn through surface streamlines.
This figure was created with demo file cylinder.plt. This file is located in
your Tecplot 360 distribution under the examples/2D subdirectory.
Streamtraces are terminated whenever any of the following occur:
• The maximum