1-All of the following are types of lower tract infections except?

A-cystitis
B-prostatitis
C-urethritis
D-pyelonephritis
E-epididymitis
Answer: D
2-Complicated UTIs are?
A-not associated with structural or functional abnormalities
B-Not interfere with the normal flow of urine or the voiding mechanism
C-result of a predisposing lesion of the urinary tract
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: C
3-predisposing lesion of the complicated urinary tract infection include?
A-distortion of the urinary tract
B-indwelling catheter
C-prostatic hypertrophy
D-stone
E-All of the above
4-Regarding to the urinary tract reinfections all of the following true except?
A-caused by a different organism
B- caused by the same initial organism
C-represents the development of repeated infections
D- account for the majority of recurrent UTIs
E-Both B and D
Answer: E
5- Organisms typically gain entry into the urinary tract via?
A-Three routs
B-Two routs
C-four routs
D-all of the above
E-None of the above
6- The most common cause of uncomplicated UTIs is
A- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
B- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C- E. coli
D- Klebsiella pneumoniae
E- Enterococcus spp
Answer: c
7- The second most frequently isolated organisms in hospitalized patients with UTI?
A- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
B- Enterococcus spp
C- Klebsiella pneumoniae
D- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E-None of the above
Answer: B
8-Regarding to the UTI multiple organisms may be isolated in patient with?
A- stones
B- indwelling urinary catheters
C- chronic renal abscesses
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: D
9-All of the following are signs and symptoms of lower UTI except?
A- Dysuria
B- urgency
C- suprapubic heaviness
D- Flank pain
E- gross hematuria
Answer: D
10-All of the following are signs and symptoms of upper UTI except?
A- Flank pain
B- fever
C- nausea
D- costovertebral tenderness
E- malaise
Answer: D
11- Older patients with UTI present with?
A- mental status
B- change in eating habits
C- gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: D
12- 50% of women will present with clinical symptoms of a UTI with
A-Higher counts (103 CFU/mL).
B- lower counts (103 CFU/Ml
C-Higher count (105 CFU/ML)
D-Lower count (105 CFU/ML)
E-None of the above
Answer: B
13- The most reliable method of diagnosing UTIs is?
A- Symptoms alone
B- standard urinalysis
C- quantitative urine culture
D- quantitative count of 105 colony-forming units (CFU/mL)
E-None of the above
Answer: C
14- Goals of Treatment OF UTI?
A-Eradicate the invading organisms
B- prevent or treat systemic consequences of infection
C- prevent recurrence of infection
D- decrease the potential for collateral damage
E-All of the above
15- The initial selection of an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of UTI is primarily based on?
A- the severity of the presenting signs and symptoms
B- the site of infection
C- whether the infection is complicated or uncomplicated
D- antibiotic susceptibility,
E-All of the above
Answer: E
16- In light of rising resistance and in order to decrease the overuse of broad-spectrum
antimicrobials agents that now considered first-line treatments in acute uncomplicated cystitis?
A- nitrofurantoin
B- Fosfomycin
C- trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: D
17- Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis predominantly caused by?
A- P. aeruginosa
B- Streptococcus faecalis
C- Klebsiella pneumoniae
D- E. coli
E-None of the above
Answer: D
18-Regarding to the Short-course therapy of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis it includes?
A- 3-day therapy with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole or a fluoroquinolone
B- 4-day therapy with fluoroquinolone
C-7-day therapy with cephalosporin
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: A
19- In patients with Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis who respond to antibiotics therapy?
A- Follow-up urine cultures are not necessary
B- Follow-up urine cultures are necessary
C- Follow-up urine cultures may be needed
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: A
20- Severely ill patients with pyelonephritis should be?
A- hospitalized and Oral drugs administered initially
B- hospitalized and IV drugs administered initially
C- managed with oral antibiotics
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: B
21- Regarding to the Diagnosis of patient presented with acute pyelonephritis?
A- Gram stain of the urine should be performed
B- urinalysis needed
C- culture, and sensitivities needed
D-All of the above
E-Both A and C
Answer: D
22- The first-line choice in mild-to moderate pyelonephritis?
A- ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin orally for 7–10 days
B- piperacillin for 6 days
C- ampicillin for 7days
D-Both A and C
E-None of the above
Answer: A
23-Regarding to acute pyelonephritis if a Gram stain reveals gram-positive cocci or
Streptococcus faecalis?
A- Patient should treated with ampicillin
B- Patient should treated with ciprofloxacin
C- Patient should treated with aztreonam
D-all of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: A
24- In the seriously ill patient with acute pyelonephritis the traditional initial therapy is?
A- IV fluoroquinolone
B-IV aminoglycoside with or without ampicillin
C-IV extended spectrum cephalosporin with or without an aminoglycoside
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: D
25-In patient with acute Pyelonephritis caused with multiple-resistant organisms should be
treated with?
A- ceftazidime in combination with an aminoglycoside
B- piperacillin in combination with an aminoglycoside
C- aztreonam in combination with an aminoglycoside
D- meropenem in combination with an aminoglycoside
E-All of the above
Answer: E
26-In patient with acute Pyelonephritis follow-up urine cultures should be obtained?
A- 3 weeks after the completion of therapy
B- 2 weeks after the completion of therapy
C-1 week after the completion of therapy
D-5 weeks after the completion of therapy
E-None of the above
Answer: B
27- 1-Therapy in men with UTI requires?
A-Shorter treatment
B-prolonged treatment
C-Combination treatment
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: B
28- In men with UTI?
A- A urine culture should be obtained after treatment
B- A urine culture should be obtained before treatment
C-No needed of urine culture
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: B
29- In men with UTI initial therapy is for?
A- 10–14 days
B-7-days
C-4-10 days
D-3-Days
E-None of the above
30- patients with recurrent Infections are most commonly?
A-Men
B-Women
C-Children
D-Old ages
E-None of the above
Answer: B
31-Regarding to patients who have frequent symptomatic urinary tract infections?
A-prophylactic antimicrobial therapy may be instituted, generally given for 6 months
B- prophylactic antimicrobial therapy may be instituted, generally given for 3 months
C-No prophylactic Therapy needed
D-All of the above
E-None of the above
Answer: A
32- Women with UTI who relapse after short-course therapy should receive?
A-1-Week course of antibiotic therapy
B-3-Week course of antibiotic therapy
C-2-Week course of antibiotic therapy
D-4-Week course of antibiotic therapy
E-None of the above
Answer: C
33- In patient with UTI If relapse occurs after 6 weeks of treatment?
A- urologic examination should be performed
B- therapy for 3 months may be considered
C- therapy for 6 months may be considered
D-Both A and C
E-None of the above
Answer: D
34-Which of the following antibiotics safe to be used in pregnant women with UTI?
A- Tetracyclines
B- sulfonamides
C- fluoroquinolones
D- cephalexin
E-None of the above
Answer: D
35- When bacteriuria occurs in asymptomatic, short-term catheterized patients’ treatment
include?
A- use of systemic antibiotic therapy should be withheld
B- use of systemic antibiotic therapy should continue
C- catheter removed
D-Both A and C
E-None of the above
Answer: D
36- In long-term catheterized patients?
A- antibiotics reduces the incidence of infection over the first 4–7 days
B- antibiotics only postpone the development of bacteriuria
C- antibiotics reduces the incidence of infection over the first 10-days
D- antibiotics lead to emergence of resistant organisms
E-Both B and D
Answer: E