50 MOST FREQUENTLY
ASKED DSA QUESTIONS IN
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Array
1. Two Sum
Given an array of integer nums and an integer target, return
indices of the two numbers such that they add up to the target.
You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution,
and you may not use the same element twice.
You can return the answer in any order.
Input: nums = [2,7,11,15], target = 9
Output: [0,1]
Explanation: Because nums[0] + nums[1] == 9, we return [0, 1].
PRACTICE NOW
2. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock
You are given an array of prices where prices[i] is the price of a
given stock on an ith day.
You want to maximize your profit by choosing a single day to buy
one stock and choosing a different day in the future to sell that
stock.
Return the maximum profit you can achieve from this transaction.
If you cannot achieve any profit, return 0
Input: prices = [7,1,5,3,6,4]
Output: 5
Explanation: Buy on day 2 (price = 1) and sell on day 5 (price = 6),
profit = 6-1 = 5.
PRACTICE NOW 01
3. Contains Duplicate
Given an integer array nums, return true if any value appears at
least twice in the array, and return false if every element is
distinct.
Input: nums = [1,2,3,1]
Output: true
PRACTICE NOW
4. Product of Array Except Self
Given an integer array nums, return an array answer such that
answer[i] is equal to the product of all the elements of nums
except nums[I].
The product of any prefix or suffix of nums is guaranteed to fit in a
32-bit integer.
You must write an algorithm that runs in O(n) time and without
using the division operation.
Input: nums = [1,2,3,4]
Output: [24,12,8,6]
PRACTICE NOW
02
5. Maximum Subarray
Given an integer array nums, find the subarray with the largest
sum, and return its sum.
Input: nums = [-2,1,-3,4,-1,2,1,-5,4]
Output: 6
Explanation: The subarray [4,-1,2,1] has the largest sum 6.
Input: nums = [1]
Output: 1
Explanation: The subarray [1] has the largest sum of 1.
PRACTICE NOW
6. Maximum Product Subarray
Given an integer array nums, find a subarray that has the largest
product, and return the product.
Input: nums = [2,3,-2,4]
Output: 6
Explanation: [2,3] has the largest product 6.
Input: nums = [-2,0,-1]
Output: 0
Explanation: The result cannot be 2, because [-2,-1] is not a
subarray.
PRACTICE NOW
03
7. Find the Minimum in Rotated
Sorted Array
Given the sorted rotated array nums of unique elements, return
the minimum element of this array.
You must write an algorithm that runs in O(log n) time.
Input: nums = [3,4,5,1,2]
Output: 1
Explanation: The original array was [1,2,3,4,5] rotated 3 times.
PRACTICE NOW
8. Search in Rotated Sorted Array
Given the array nums after the possible rotation and an integer
target, return the index of the target if it is in nums, or -1 if it is not
in nums.
You must write an algorithm with O(log n) runtime complexity.
Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 0
Output: 4
Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 3
Output: -1
PRACTICE NOW
04
9. 3Sum
Given an integer array nums, return all the triplets [nums[i],
nums[j], nums[k]]
such that i != j, i != k, and j != k, and nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k] == 0.
Notice that the solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.
Input: nums = [-1,0,1,2,-1,-4]
Output: [[-1,-1,2],[-1,0,1]]
Explanation:
nums[0] + nums[1] + nums[2] = (-1) + 0 + 1 = 0.
nums[1] + nums[2] + nums[4] = 0 + 1 + (-1) = 0.
nums[0] + nums[3] + nums[4] = (-1) + 2 + (-1) = 0.
The distinct triplets are [-1,0,1] and [-1,-1,2].
PRACTICE NOW
10. Container With Most Water
You are given an integer array height of length n. There are n
vertical lines drawn such that the two endpoints of the ith line are
(i, 0) and (i, height[I]).
Find two lines that together with the x-axis form a container, such
that the container contains the most water.
Return the maximum amount of water a container can store.
Input: height = [1,8,6,2,5,4,8,3,7]
Output: 49
Explanation: The above vertical lines are represented by an array
[1,8,6,2,5,4,8,3,7]. In this case, the max area of water (blue section)
the container can contain is 49.
PRACTICE NOW
05
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Matrix
11. Set Matrix Zeroes
Given an m x n integer matrix, if an element is 0, set its entire row
and column to 0's. You must do it in place.
Input: matrix = [[1,1,1],[1,0,1],[1,1,1]]
Output: [[1,0,1],[0,0,0],[1,0,1]]
PRACTICE NOW
12. Spiral Matrix
Given an m x n matrix, return all elements of the matrix in spiral
order.
Input: matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
Output: [1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5]
PRACTICE NOW
06
13. Rotate Image
You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image, rotate the
image by 90 degrees (clockwise).
You have to rotate the image in place, which means you have to
modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D
matrix and do the rotation.
Input: matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
Output: [[7,4,1],[8,5,2],[9,6,3]]
PRACTICE NOW
14. Word Search
Given an m x n grid of characters board and a string word, return
true if the word exists in the grid.
The word can be constructed from letters of sequentially adjacent
cells, where adjacent cells are horizontally or vertically
neighboring. The same letter cell may not be used more than once.
Input: board = [["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]],
word = "ABCCED"
Output: true
07
PRACTICE NOW
String
15. Longest Substring Without
Repeating Characters
Given a string s, find the length of the longest
substring without repeating characters.
Input: s = "abcabcbb"
Output: 3
Explanation: The answer is "abc", with a length of 3.
PRACTICE NOW
16. Longest Repeating Character
Replacement
You are given a string s and an integer k. You can choose any
character of the string and change it to any other uppercase
English character. You can perform this operation at most k times.
Return the length of the longest substring containing the same
letter you can get after performing the above operations.
Input: s = "ABAB", k = 2
Output: 4
Explanation: Replace the two 'A's with two 'B's or vice versa.
PRACTICE NOW
08
17. Minimum Window Substring
Given two strings s and t of lengths m and n respectively, return
the minimum window substring of s such that every character in t
(including duplicates) is included in the window. If there is no such
substring, return the empty string "".
Input: s = "ADOBECODEBANC", t = "ABC"
Output: "BANC"
Explanation: The minimum window substring "BANC" includes 'A',
'B', and 'C' from string t.
PRACTICE NOW
18. Valid Anagram
Given two strings s and t, return true if t is an anagram of s, and
false otherwise.
An Anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters
of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters
exactly once.
Input: s = "anagram", t = "nagaram"
Output: true
Input: s = "rat", t = "car"
Output: false
PRACTICE NOW
09
19. Group Anagrams
Given an array of strings strs, group the anagrams together. You
can return the answer in any order.
An Anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters
of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters
exactly once.
Input: strs = ["eat","tea","tan","ate","nat","bat"]
Output: [["bat"],["nat","tan"],["ate","eat","tea"]]
PRACTICE NOW
20. Valid Parentheses
Given a string s containing just the characters '(', ')', '{', '}', '[' and ']',
determine if the input string is valid.
An input string is valid if:
1. Open brackets must be closed by the same type of brackets.
2. Open brackets must be closed in the correct order.
3. Every close bracket has a corresponding open bracket of the
same type.
Input: s = "()"
Output: true
Input: s = "()[]{}"
Output: true
PRACTICE NOW
10
21. Longest Palindromic Substring
Given a string s, return the longest palindromic substring in s.
Input: s = "babad"
Output: "bab"
Explanation: "aba" is also a valid answer.
Input: s = "cbbd"
Output: "bb"
PRACTICE NOW
22. Palindromic Substrings
Given a string s, return the number of palindromic substrings in it.
A string is a palindrome when it reads the same backward as
forward.
A substring is a contiguous sequence of characters within the
string.
Input: s = "abc"
Output: 3
Explanation: Three palindromic strings: "a", "b", "c".
Input: s = "aaa"
Output: 6
Explanation: Six palindromic strings: "a", "a", "a", "aa", "aa", "aaa".
PRACTICE NOW
11
23. Encode and Decode Strings
Design an algorithm to encode a list of strings to a string. The
encoded string is then sent over the network and decoded back to
the original list of strings.
implement encode and decode
Input: [“lint”,“code”,“love”,“you”]
Output: [“lint”,“code”,“love”,“you”]
Explanation: One possible encode method is: “lint:;code:;love:;you”
Input: [“we”, “say”, “:”, “yes”]
Output: [“we”, “say”, “:”, “yes”]
Explanation: One possible encode method is: “we:;say:;:::;yes”
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12
Linked List
24. Reverse Linked Lists
Given the head of a singly linked list, reverse the list, and return
the reversed list.
Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5]
Output: [5,4,3,2,1]
PRACTICE NOW
25. Linked List Cycle
Given the head, the head of a linked list, determine if the linked list
has a cycle in it.
There is a cycle in a linked list if there is some node in the list that
can be reached again by continuously following the next pointer.
Internally, pos is used to denote the index of the node that the
tail's next pointer is connected to. Note that pos is not passed as a
parameter.
Return true if there is a cycle in the linked list. Otherwise, return
false.
Input: head = [3,2,0,-4], pos = 1
Output: true
Explanation: There is a cycle in the linked list,
where the tail connects to the 1st node (0-indexed).
PRACTICE NOW
13
26. Merge Two Sorted Lists
You are given the heads of two sorted linked lists list1 and list2.
Merge the two lists in a one-sorted list. The list should be made by
splicing together the nodes of the first two lists.
Return the head of the merged linked list.
Input: list1 = [1,2,4], list2 = [1,3,4]
Output: [1,1,2,3,4,4]
PRACTICE NOW
27. Merge k Sorted Lists
You are given an array of k linked-lists lists, each linked list is
sorted in ascending order.
Merge all the linked lists into one sorted linked list and return it.
Input: lists = [[1,4,5],[1,3,4],[2,6]]
Output: [1,1,2,3,4,4,5,6]
Explanation: The linked lists are:
[
1->4->5,
1->3->4,
2->6
]
merging them into one sorted list:
1->1->2->3->4->4->5->6
PRACTICE NOW
14
28. Remove Nth Node From End of List
Given the head of a linked list, remove the nth node from the end
of the list and return its head.
Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5], n = 2
Output: [1,2,3,5]
PRACTICE NOW
29. Reorder List
You are given the head of a singly linked list. The list can be
represented as:
L0 → L1 → … → Ln - 1 → Ln
Reorder the list to be on the following form:
L0 → Ln → L1 → Ln - 1 → L2 → Ln - 2 → …
You may not modify the values in the list's nodes. Only nodes
themselves may be changed.
Input: head = [1,2,3,4]
Output: [1,4,2,3]
PRACTICE NOW
15
Tree
30. Maximum Depth of Binary Tree
Given the root of a binary tree, return its maximum depth.
A binary tree's maximum depth is the number of nodes along the
longest path from the root node down to the farthest leaf node.
Input: root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
Output: 3
PRACTICE NOW
31. Same Tree
Given the roots of two binary trees p and q, write a function to
check if they are the same or not.
Two binary trees are considered the same if they are structurally
identical, and the nodes have the same value.
Input: p = [1,2,3], q = [1,2,3]
Output: true
PRACTICE NOW
16
32. Invert Binary Tree
Given the root of a binary tree, invert the tree, and return its root.
Input: root = [4,2,7,1,3,6,9]
Output: [4,7,2,9,6,3,1]
PRACTICE NOW
33. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum
A path in a binary tree is a sequence of nodes where each pair of
adjacent nodes in the sequence has an edge connecting them. A
node can only appear in the sequence at most once. Note that the
path does not need to pass through the root.
The path sum of a path is the sum of the node's values in the path.
Given the root of a binary tree, return the maximum path sum of
any non-empty path.
Input: root = [1,2,3]
Output: 6
Explanation: The optimal path is 2 -> 1 -> 3
with a path sum of 2 + 1 + 3 = 6.
PRACTICE NOW 17
34. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
Given the root of a binary tree, return the level order traversal of
its nodes' values. (i.e., from left to right, level by level).
Input: root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
Output: [[3],[9,20],[15,7]]
PRACTICE NOW
35. Serialize & Deserialize Binary Tree
Serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object
into a sequence of bits so that it can be stored in a file or memory
buffer, or transmitted across a network connection link to be
reconstructed later in the same or another computer environment.
Design an algorithm to serialize and deserialize a binary tree. There
is no restriction on how your serialization/deserialization
algorithm should work.
You just need to ensure that a binary tree can be serialized to a
string and this string can be deserialized to the original tree
structure.
Input: root = [1,2,3,null,null,4,5]
Output: [1,2,3,null,null,4,5]
PRACTICE NOW
18
36. Design Add and Search Words
Data Structure
Design a data structure that supports adding new words and
finding if a string matches any previously added string.
Implement the WordDictionary class:
WordDictionary() Initializes the object.
void addWord(word) Adds a word to the data structure, it can
be matched later.
bool search(word) Returns true if there is any string in the data
structure that matches the word or false otherwise. A word may
contain dots '.' where dots can be matched with any letter.
Input:["WordDictionary", "addWord", "addWord", "addWord",
"search", "search", "search", "search"]
[[],["bad"],["dad"],["mad"],["pad"],["bad"],[".ad"],["b.."]]
Output: [null, null, null, null, false, true, true, true]
PRACTICE NOW
37. Word Search II
Given an m x n board of characters and a list of strings words,
return all words on the board. Each word must be constructed
from letters of sequentially adjacent cells, where adjacent cells are
horizontally or vertically neighboring. The same letter cell may not
be used more than once in a word.
Input: board = [["o","a","a","n"],["e","t","a","e"],["i","h","k","r"],
["i","f","l","v"]], words = ["oath","pea","eat","rain"]
Output: ["eat","oath"]
22
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Heap
38. Merge k Sorted Lists
You are given an array of k linked-lists lists, each linked list is
sorted in ascending order. Merge all the linked lists into one sorted
linked list and return it.
Input: lists = [[1,4,5],[1,3,4],[2,6]]
Output: [1,1,2,3,4,4,5,6]
Explanation: The linked lists are:
[
1->4->5,
1->3->4,
2->6
]
merging them into one sorted list:
1->1->2->3->4->4->5->6
PRACTICE NOW
39. Top K Frequent Elements
Given an integer array nums and an integer k, return the k most
frequent elements.
You may return the answer in any order.
Input: nums = [1,1,1,2,2,3], k = 2
Output: [1,2]
PRACTICE NOW
23
40. Find Median from Data Stream
The median is the middle value in an ordered integer list. If the size
of the list is even, there is no middle value, and the median is the
mean of the two middle values.
For example, for arr = [2,3,4], the median is 3.
For example, for arr = [2,3], the median is (2 + 3) / 2 = 2.5.
Implement the MedianFinder class:
MedianFinder() initializes the MedianFinder object.
void addNum(int num) adds the integer num from the data
stream to the data structure.
double findMedian() returns the median of all elements so far.
Answers within 10-5 of the actual answer will be accepted.
Input: ["MedianFinder", "addNum", "addNum", "findMedian",
"addNum", "findMedian"]
[[], [1], [2], [], [3], []]
Output: [null, null, null, 1.5, null, 2.0]
Explanation:
MedianFinder medianFinder = new MedianFinder();
medianFinder.addNum(1); // arr = [1]
medianFinder.addNum(2); // arr = [1, 2]
medianFinder.findMedian(); // return 1.5 (i.e., (1 + 2) / 2)
medianFinder.addNum(3); // arr[1, 2, 3]
medianFinder.findMedian(); // return 2.0
PRACTICE NOW
24
Graph
41. Clone Graph
Given a reference of a node in a connected undirected graph.
Return a deep copy (clone) of the graph.
Each node in the graph contains a value (int) and a list (List[Node])
of its neighbors.
class Node {
public int val;
public List<Node> neighbors;
}
Test case format:
For simplicity, each node's value is the same as the node's index (1-
indexed). For example, the first node with val == 1, the second node
with val == 2, and so on. The graph is represented in the test case
using an adjacency list.
An adjacency list is a collection of unordered lists used to
represent a finite graph. Each list describes the set of neighbors of
a node in the graph.
The given node will always be the first node with val = 1.
You must return the copy of the given
node as a reference to the cloned graph.
Input: adjList = [[2,4],[1,3],[2,4],[1,3]]
Output: [[2,4],[1,3],[2,4],[1,3]]
PRACTICE NOW
25
42. Course Schedule
There are a total of numCourses courses you have to take, labeled
from 0 to numCourses - 1. You are given an array of prerequisites
where prerequisites[i] = [ai, bi] indicates that you must take course
bi first if you want to take course ai.
For example, the pair [0, 1], indicates that to take course 0 you
have to first take course 1.
Return true if you can finish all courses. Otherwise, return false.
Input: numCourses = 2, prerequisites = [[1,0]]
Output: true
Explanation: There are a total of 2 courses to take.
To take course 1 you should have finished course 0. So it is
possible.
PRACTICE NOW
43. Number of Islands
Given an m x n 2D binary grid which represents a map of '1's (land)
and '0's (water), return the number of islands.
An island is surrounded by water and is formed by connecting
adjacent lands horizontally or vertically.
Input: grid = [["1","1","1","1","0"],
["1","1","0","1","0"],
["1","1","0","0","0"],
["0","0","0","0","0"]]
Output: 1
PRACTICE NOW
26
44. Pacific Atlantic Water Flow
There is an m x n rectangular island that borders both the Pacific
Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean touches the
island's left and top edges, and the Atlantic Ocean touches the
island's right and bottom edges.
The island is partitioned into a grid of square cells. You are given
an m x n integer matrix height where heights[r][c] represent the
height above sea level of the cell at coordinate (r, c).
The island receives a lot of rain, and the rainwater can flow to
neighboring cells directly north, south, east, and west if the
neighboring cell's height is less than or equal to the current cell's
height. Water can flow from any cell adjacent to an ocean into the
ocean.
Return a 2D list of grid coordinates results where result[i] = [ri, ci]
denotes that rainwater can flow from cell (ri, ci) to both the Pacific
and Atlantic oceans.
Input: heights = [[1,2,2,3,5],[3,2,3,4,4],[2,4,5,3,1],[6,7,1,4,5],[5,1,1,2,4]]
Output: [[0,4],[1,3],[1,4],[2,2],[3,0],[3,1],[4,0]]
PRACTICE NOW
27
Dynamic
Programming
45. Climbing Stairs
You are climbing a staircase. It takes n steps to reach the top.
Each time you can either climb 1 or 2 steps. In how many distinct
ways can you climb to the top?
Input: n = 2
Output: 2
Explanation: There are two ways to climb to the top.
1. 1 step + 1 step
2. 2 steps
PRACTICE NOW
46. Coin Change
You are given an integer array of coins representing coins of
different denominations and an integer amount representing a
total amount of money.
Return the fewest number of coins that you need to make up that
amount. If that amount of money cannot be made up by any
combination of the coins, return -1.
Input: coins = [1,2,5], amount = 11
Output: 3
Explanation: 11 = 5 + 5 + 1
PRACTICE NOW
30
Bitwise Operator
47. Sum of Two Integers
Given two integers a and b, return the sum of the two integers
without using the operators + and -.
Input: a = 1, b = 2
Output: 3
Input: a = 2, b = 3
Output: 5
PRACTICE NOW
48. Number of 1 Bit
Write a function that takes the binary representation of an
unsigned integer and returns the number of '1' bits it has (also
known as the Hamming weight).
Input: n = 00000000000000000000000000001011
Output: 3
Explanation: The input binary string
00000000000000000000000000001011 has a total of three '1'
bits.
PRACTICE NOW
39
49. Counting Bits
Given an integer n, return an array of length n + 1 such that for
each i (0 <= i <= n), ans[i] is the number of 1's in the binary
representation of i.
Input: n = 2
Output: [0,1,1]
Explanation:
0 --> 0
1 --> 1
2 --> 10
PRACTICE NOW
50. Missing Number
Given an array nums containing n distinct numbers in the range [0,
n], return the only number in the range that is missing from the
array.
Input: nums = [3,0,1]
Output: 2
Explanation: n = 3 since there are 3 numbers, so all numbers are in
the range [0,3]. 2 is the missing number in the range since it does
not appear in nums.
Input: nums = [0,1]
Output: 2
Explanation: n = 2 since there are 2 numbers, so all numbers are in
the range [0,2]. 2 is the missing number in the range since it does
not appear in nums.
40
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