MY PORTFOLIO

COURSE: Advanced 11 (writing and reading 2)

STUDENT´S NAME: BRAVO LAGONES, Sandra

Noemi

TEACHER'S NAME: NUÑEZ, Romulo

2023
 DEDICATION

I wholeheartedly dedicated this portfolio to my family who always

support me in every step of my life and my studies, they are the ones who

inspire me to keep going despite all the obstacles.

Moreover, I dedicate it to my closest friends, who accompanied me

during my studies and learning process.

I also dedicate it to my pet, who has been with me for years and is a

witness of my life as a student.

Finally I dedicate it to God, for giving me the inner strength to continue

with my daily life.

 REFLECTION PAPER

My experience in the advanced eleven course was good, because I

learned and improved my skills in writing essays and summarizing
information. In the fourth unit of this course I learned about the different types
of animal intelligence that exist, in the fifth unit about immortality, double life
expectancy and these disadvantages, in the sixth unit I learned about how
one can make a difference with good deeds and volunteering. These 3 units
seen this month will help me to continue with my writing skills and narrative.

I consider that this course is very useful to learn how to create

summaries, make a good thesis statement and select information in the
English language. This month I learned new things and I found it the most
difficult because of the amount of texts I had to write and summarize.
However, I have been practicing and I have increased my speed when writing
or summarizing texts, which I consider to be very satisfying to be able to
improve my skills in this language.

In conclusion, I know that this course will be useful in my professional

and academic life, because I can apply the knowledge I have learned in my
daily and working life. I thank the professor for being a good teacher and
teaching in detail the steps that must be taken to write a summary
successfully.
 VOCABULARY LOG UNIT 4

WORD PoS DEFINITION ONLINE EXAMPLE OWN EXAMPLE

ACHIEVE Verb To succeed in finishing When we achieve the I want to achieve

something or reaching an changes we set out to the goals I set for
aim, especially after a lot of make, it feels very myself this year.
work or effort. rewarding.

ACQUIRE Verb To get or buy something. The experience of a For the next month I
campus is a great want to acquire a
opportunity to meet new laptop for work.
other peers and to
acquire autonomy

APPARENTLY Adverb Used to say you have read Donna had apparently Apparently he has
or been told something spotted us coming and not studied for the
although you are not certain notified my wife exam because he
it is true. failed it.

APPROACH Verb To come near or nearer to The typical approach The company's
something or someone in is to set a goal to main approach is to
space, time, quality, or smoke fewer recruit new
amount. cigarettes employees.

COGNITION Noun The use of conscious The role of the media Cognition is the
mental processes. is significant in the faculty that allows
public's cognition and processing
perception of climate information from
change issues. experience.

PERCEPTION Noun A belief or opinion, often Our sociocultural The perception we

held by many people and perception of wolves have of a situation
based on how things seem is influenced by the is based on our
media. experiences.

BEHAVIOR Noun The way in which one acts There is plenty of The children's
or conducts oneself, unusual behavior in behavior in class
especially toward others. the recent labor has improved.
market data.

CONTROVERS Noun A lot of disagreement or Copyrights and The legalization of

Y argument about something, Campaigns, explains abortion is a
usually because it affects or the controversy over controversy in
is important to many people. the issue. Peru.

CATEGORY Noun A type, or a group of things Carrie was nominated Paula won the
having some features that in the' Female Vocalist athletics competition
are the same. of the Year' category. in the adult
category.

UNCONSCIOUS Adjectiv In the state of not being The world was created Maria was
e awake and not aware of by all of us and our unconscious after
things around you, unconscious minds. the accident.
especially as the result of a
head injury.
 VOCABULARY LOG UNIT 5

WORD PoS DEFINITION ONLINE EXAMPLE OWN EXAMPLE

VIGOROUS Adjective Very forceful or The state believes My grandmother is

energetic. charters can provide vigorous, she
vigorous competition. always does
physical activity
despite her age.

PUNCTUALLY Adverb At the expected or The meeting started All students should
correct time and not punctually at 10.00 arrive to class
late. a.m. punctually.

DISPARATE Adjective Different in every way. The two cultures were There were
so utterly disparate disparate opinions
that she found it hard in the debate.
to adapt from one to
the other.

IMMEASURABLY Adverb In a way that is so large The situation today is The damage done
or great that it cannot immeasurably more by the earthquake
be measured or known acute than it was 25 was immeasurable.
exactly. years ago.

AWESOME Adjective Extremely good. You look totally The concert of

awesome in that Harry Styles in Los
dress. Angeles was
awesome.

IMPETUOUS Adjective Likely to do something He's so impetuous - My brother used to

suddenly, without why can't he think be very impetuous,
considering the results things over before he but he has
of your actions. rushes into them? improved.

INSUFFERABLE Adjective Very annoying, She disliked the He is so

unpleasant, or president, whom she insufferable, no
uncomfortable, and once described as an one can stand him.
therefore extremely "insufferable bore".
difficult to bear.

CHILLY Adjective Slightly cold. A chilly evening. In August the

weather feels very
chilly.

PRESUMPTUOU Adjective A person who is It would be The lady who came

S presumptuous shows presumptuous of me last night looked
little respect for others to comment on the very
by doing things they matter. presumptuous.
have no right to do.

ULTIMATELY Adverb Finally, after a series of Ultimately, of course, Ultimately, many

things have happened. he'd like to have his people changed
own business but that their habits after
won't be for some covid.
time.
 VOCABULARY LOG UNIT 6

WORD PoS DEFINITION ONLINE EXAMPLE OWN EXAMPLE

PASSION Noun A very powerful feeling, for Football arouses a Julia's passion is
example of sexual good deal of passion practicing
attraction, love, hate, among its fans. contemporary
anger, or other emotion. dance.

PROUDLY Adverb In a proud way. Elaine and Dan Joel danced

Gibson proudly proudly because he
announce the birth of finished college.
their son, John
Maurice.

CHALLENGE Verb To invite someone to Tina has challenged She challenged me

compete or take part me to a game of in a chess
especially in a game or poker. tournament.
argument.

SATISFACTIO Noun A pleasant feeling that you She looked at the Alex felt
N get when you receive finished painting with satisfaction when
something you wanted, or satisfaction. he saw that he had
when you have done obtained the highest
something you wanted to grade.
do.

PROPOSAL Noun A suggestion, sometimes a Congress has rejected Juana accepted the
written one. the latest economic marriage proposal.
proposal put forward
by the President.

DONATE Verb To give money or goods to An anonymous Leo donated all his
help a person or businesswoman savings to an animal
organization. donated one million shelter.
dollars to the charity.

DEVOTE Verb To give all your time and He devoted his last Saul devoted all his
effort to one thing. years to caring for his life to god.
wife.

INSPIRED Adjective Having very special The team produced The teacher
qualities or abilities. an inspired inspired his
performance in the students with a
cup final. poem.

MANAGE Verb To succeed in doing or I can't manage all this It’s very difficult to
dealing with something, work on my own. manage a business
especially something on your own.
difficult.

THRILLED Adjective Extremely happy about I was thrilled that so I was thrilled when I
something. many people turned took a picture with
up to the party. the superman actor.
WRITING 1 asking and answering wh questions
 WRITING 1

The evolution of animal intelligence

In the article "The evolution of animal intelligence" author Ed Yong who informed
about the mental abilities of animals and how humans are interested in the abilities
of those, recopilated about the controversy about the ability of certain animals which
can surpass human skills.

First of all, it's difficult to work with animals, because you must carefully prepare the
tests which evaluate them, so the specialists usually work with a unique species,
because it's easier to test them. However, the downside is that it makes it difficult to
compare with other studies, because there are not many references of the tests of
other animals. That is why the study of animal intelligence, despite being good, lacks
information, because there are not enough studies of other species that can serve as
a comparison.

Second, scientists Evan Maclean, Brian Hare and Charles Nunn who conducted
international research in 23 institutes to learn about the evolution and mental
capacity of many species, explained more about that. After working with different
animal species, they concluded that they had found explanations for the evolution of
cognitive abilities. Moreover, in this case self-control, which in this test was
compared to humans, Finally, the team discovered that animals act and learn by
instinct and humans are more rational, apparently their life experiences shape them
for adult life.

According to the psychologist Jean Piaget, who did an experiment with babies
similar to the current team, he tried to see how babies behave after seeing different
changes in their routine. In this way, The scientists agreed with him and realized that
an animal's brain works better when it's big, it doesn't matter If the brain of an animal
is big or small according to their body, only the overall size matters. In addition, when
we talk about self-control, the only important thing is the size of the brain.

In conclusion, the study acquired more information about animal behavior and
physcology. The team achieved the discovery of the relationship between animals'
tastes with their other abilities. Also, animals use their instinct more when they do
certain activities like imitate or learn.
WRITING 2 outline

Essay outline

Introduction

● Hook: “The future is wider than vision, and has no end”

○ Context / Background information:
■ Year: 2175
■ City: Lima Cyberpunk
■ Home: Floating home
■ Family: Parents, dogs and robot assistant
■ Job: Film producer
■ Mental health: Stable

● Thesis statement
○ Main idea: Life
○ Claim: It has good and bad moments
○ Evidence: I get a job with the help of IA

Body paragraphs

● Topic sentence
○ Topic: My job in 2175
○ Main idea: The technology in 2175 would help me to improve my
abilities.
○ Controlling idea: I will help people who want to see a person for
distance in holograms, when they can interact with them.
● Supporting sentence (secondary ideas): Kids and young people forgot how to
have real relationships with other people.
○ Examples/anecdotes/Extra information (tertiary idea): Kids and
young people in 2175 prefer to spend time with robots than real
people.
● Concluding statement: In conclusion, it is better to take back some traditional
things we used to do in 2023.

Conclusion

● Arguments’ summary: In summary, living in the year 2175 has been a big
transition experience, because most of us are still missing the old days.
● Thesis paraphrase: In conclusion, life in 2175 is different than now for the new
things that appeared.
● Clincher: People in 2175 have different behaviors, because technology
consumes their lives.
● Concluding phrase (wrap-up): We must overcome the inconveniences of living
in a technological era, and try to take advantage of all the possibilities you can do
In a world like that.
WRITING 2

My life in 2175

The future is wider than vision and has no end. Now is the year 2175, and for me the
times now are different than before, and somehow remembering them makes me
feel nostalgic. I currently live in Lima Cyberpunk, in a floating house with my family
and dog. I also have a robot assistant that helps me with whatever I ask him. In
addition, I know I have a good life, but sometimes I miss the old years. That's why I
like to see photos and remember the good times in 2023, even though nowadays life
is easier than before because technology helps us in many ways. I miss doing things
traditionally, because now everything is digital.

Living in 2175 means living in a world where there are both negative and positive
aspects. First, on the positive side, science has advanced a lot and now is possible
to cure diseases that were previously impossible to cure. In addition, technological
advances have helped me a lot in my work life, because I'm dedicating myself to the
field of audiovisual communication and programming. Now I am able to produce
films and augmented reality video games, in which people can feel inside without the
need to use augmented reality classes. Also, there are holograms where people who
want to see loved ones at a distance, can easily do it with this service where you can
talk, feel or go for a walk as If that person is really there, when in reality he or she is
miles away. In the case of negative aspects, many children or young people lose
interest in living a healthy life, such as doing sports or meeting friends to play
something outside, since the amount of technological equipment is wide. That's why
so many prefer to spend more on video games or playing with robots, than build real
relationships.

While living in the year 2175, significant challenges in daily life. In the first place the
jobs that were replaced by robots, for instance, some people lost their jobs, because
they were replaced by robots that can do their job in less time. For that reason, the
majority of people decided to learn more about technology, so It was hard for some
old people. However, in other cases, some people use technology for their benefit,
like to get a better job with the help of artificial intelligence. Anyways, it is a
significant change in our lives, now it is so common to find robots which have
different functions in the streets, working in shops or restaurants, even finding them
in schools because they replaced teachers. In another point, the facilities that people
had, because a robot does someone's work. For this reason, some people have
more freetime, because with the help of a robot assistant they can finish their work
faster than before. This means that a big percentage of the population have less
stress or health problems, because they have more time for them and not only for a
job that consumes all their energy. Moreover, some people get a sedentary lifestyle,
because the big amount of technology distracts them from doing more physical
activity, also junk food and canned food are everywhere.

In summary, living in the year 2175 has been a big transition experience, because
most of us are still missing the old days, but even so we are happy with our life now.
In some ways, life now has good and bad points, because now we have more
facilities to get or do something for the advancement of technology, but in some
cases we miss that having social interactions with real people is necessary. In this
year, robots are everywhere and we get familiarized with them but we forget they
have no senses. For another point, in the case of jobs, most of human work was
replaced by robots specialized in every area. So for some reasons it is good
because robots can do the job easily, but in other cases it is not, because the
majority of people lose their jobs and be forced to get one in relation to technology.
In conclusion, we must overcome the inconveniences of living in a technological era,
and try to take advantage of all the possibilities you can do In a world like that.

IN - CLASS ACTIVITIES

EXPRESSING OPINIONS - PG 99

1. I think that even though Hans was not able to solve mathematical problems,
he shows that he is intelligent by knowing how to interpret people's
movements and knowing when and when not to answer the questions in order
to surprise the audience.

2. I consider that seizure alert dogs show signs of high intelligence, because not
all dogs have the ability to solve problems with the help of their skills,
however, these dogs are experts at it.

3. An example of animal intelligence that I have perceived is when pets like dogs
realize that the owner feels bad and react the same way, or when the owner is
happy, the dog is happy too. So they are very sentimental and they pick up
quickly how you feel even if you don't show your feelings.
EXPRESSING OPINIONS - PG 133

1. Yes, I would marry someone older than me, 5 years older at the most, I think
an advantage would be that that person is more mature and sees life
differently than someone younger than me, however a disadvantage is that
we would not be in the same line of life, and for what could be new and
interesting for me, for him it could be boring because he already lived that
experience.

2. I would choose my current age, which is 21, because I am young and I feel
good about myself. Besides, I have the physical strength necessary for any
activity, but if I were an adult, my body would not be as active as it is now.

3. I think Leo was always reinventing his career because being someone
immortal he had the ability to know and learn all areas. In my case I would
also like to reinvent myself from time to time because I have many dreams
and I would like to fulfill them all if I have the ability.

EXPRESSING OPINIONS - PG 164

1. In this reading I know all the boldfaced words.

2. For example the word “devote” can be use in this sentence:
- He devoted his last years to caring for his wife.
3. In the first paragraph, in the sentence “Many educational organizations in the
United States require high school students to devote a certain number of
hours outside of the classroom “ , the word devote means “to dedicated”.
ILLUSTRATED SUMMARY 1

EXTREME PERCEPTION AND ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE

In the article “Extreme perception and animal intelligence” , the authors Temple Gradin and
Catherine Johnson informed that there are many animals that have the ability of forensic
perception. However, dogs possess this more advanced skill, so they are good at finding
drugs and explosives, even better than x-ray machines.

First, the seizure alert dogs are an example of an animal using

perceptual advanced skills to solve a problem. We know dogs
have the ability to smell and it is not considered to be a genius
because it’s part of them. However, when they apply these
perceptual abilities in an advanced way, we can consider a true
cognition, because not all dogs are born with this ability to solve
problems. Anyways, there is a controversy, because some
people think they can train a dog for this job, but it doesn’t
happen in all the cases. In addition, seizure alert dogs are
trained to give the patient medicine or their telephone. In the
case of Connie Standley, who has two dogs, both of them predicted her seizures about thirty
minutes ahead of time. These dogs used to bark around her or pull on her clothes with the
point of taking her to a safe place, it is not usual that alert dogs predict seizures, because in
most cases they only know how to respond in this situation.

Second, the case of Clever hans, the horse which

resolves mathematical problems. When his owner,
Wilhelm von Osten asked him questions like, “What’s
seven and five?”The horse responds by tapping out
the number with his hoof. However, time after, a
psychologist named Oskar Pfungst demonstrated that
Hans didn’t count, he only made involuntary
movements with his paw, which were not very
noticeable to humans. After that they realized that
Hans only responded when someone was nearby and
he already knew the answer. Many psychologists use the story of this horse to show that
humans believe anything. However, this horse is peculiar because no one taught a horse to
do these things, because Hans trained himself. So it can be said that Hans acquired his
skills like alert dogs, without human help.

In summary, according to the authors, seizure alert dogs and the cases of Hans, the horse
and the dogs of Connie Standley, demonstrates that some animals can learn skills based on
training or on their own. In conclusion, this article shows how incredible some extreme
perceptions and intelligence, by animals.
ILLUSTRATED SUMMARY 2

HOW SMART ARE ANIMALS

In the article “How smart are animals” , the author Gina Simonsen informed us about that
animal intelligence can be shown in different ways as it takes on different meanings
depending on the species, so many researchers have questioned whether calling crows,
dolphins or foxes intelligent is really the right way to put it. Because, cognitive abilities are
the basis of most of what we experience and believe in this world.

First, the problem of relating human intelligence

to animal intelligence. This means that an animal
should not be considered only intelligent when it
recreates human abilities, because we are two
different species, so animals have their own type
of intelligence. According to Bjarne Braastad, a
specialist in animal behavior, he mentions that we
will not realize animal intelligence if we only look
for human behaviors in them and this is limiting,
because we don’t see beyond the capabilities of animals. For example, we usually measure
intelligence according to weight, according to how much the brain weighs in relation to the
body of a mammal. In this case, humans are in first place, followed by dolphins, from which
we could conclude that they are also very intelligent. Therefore, communication is a barrier
to knowing how intelligent an animal is.

Second, learning speed cannot measure how intelligent a

human or animal is. For example, in a British experiment
it was pointed out that bees beat babies in a learning test,
in which the bees were going to come out as the winner
anyway because they were given a problem where these
insects already had experience due to their evolution,
unlike the babies, which was something totally new.
Therefore, it is very difficult to make a compatible test for
both species, since they are very different and their
instincts and learning vary. According to Bockman, demonstrating if an animal is more
intelligent than a human could not be possible if both of them have different cognitive
abilities or the same neural pathways, for that reason investigators should search for better
alternatives to calculate it.

In summary, according to the author we shouldn’t define intelligent animals according to our
perceptions, because it limits them. Animals can show intelligence in different ways than
humans, because we don’t have the same cognitive abilities as them. In conclusion, it is not
verified that humans are the most intelligent species, because we cannot determine it with
the problem of communication barriers with animals.
ILLUSTRATED SUMMARY 3

DEATH DO US PART

In the reading “Death do us part” the author Robert Silverberg tells the story of Marilisa, who
was thirty-two years old and her beloved was three hundred and sixty-three. They both spent
their honeymoon in Venice, Nairobi, Malaysia's Pleasure Dome and more tourist spots.
However, Marilisa's friends could not believe that she was dating such an older man, ten
times her age.

In the first place, Marilisa She admitted that marrying him was so sudden, and she did not
feel pressured by married life. She didn't see the age difference as a problem because she
was sure Leo loved her and didn't look his age. However, there were some inconveniences,
since long ago Leo had been almost a lover of Marilisa's grandmother, but she preferred to
ignore that kind of situation. In addition,
there was an ex-wife in Leo's life, who
was two hundred and forty-seven years
old and looked no older than thirty, who
Leo still had feelings for and even had
children. Anyways, anyway, Marilisa did
not regret going out with him, as she
felt that Leo was a good man with a lot
of experience. That night, Leo and
Marilisa go for a walk in the moonlight,
she confesses that she loves him and
Leo too but mentions that she will be
his last wife, which makes Marilisa
doubt, because she believes that Leo's
death is near.

At that moment, Leo implies that with that phrase he means that he loves marilisa as the last
love of his life, because he doesn't want anyone else but her. Anyway, no one stays in a
relationship forever, it is likely that she will find other men or stay single, since nothing is
predictable. That uncertain future of Marilisa's love life makes her cry because the only man
she wants in her life is Leo. She doesn't like those unknown husbands, but at the same time
she doesn't want to feel locked into a lifelong relationship, but what would hurt the most
would be to lose Leo or the idea he left her.

Marilisa finally reflects, she realizes that she is still young and in her first life, she still has
time for many things. Leo, on the other hand, has already had thousands of jobs and is an
expert in many things, so maybe he shouldn't feel tied to it and should just live his life as
such.
ILLUSTRATED SUMMARY 4

TOWARD IMMORTALITY: THE SOCIAL BURDEN OF LONGER LIVES

In the article “Towards immortality: the social burden of longer lives” the author Ker Than
reports on the benefits there may be to having a long life, such as spending more time with
loved ones, learning many things, and watching generations grow up. However, it is not
known whether society would be better or worse off by doubling life expectancy, as there
would be many consequences.

First, double life expectancy could solve or worsen our

current conflicts. Also, certain benefits would be seen
in the future such as, the disappearance of new
diseases and also prolonging our best years of life,
according to Gregory Stock. However, some
specialists said that it would happen the opposite and
can affect society at all levels and the traditional
things like marriages, family and work. For instance,
Richard Kalish, a psychologist, considered that having
a double life expectancy can change our point of view
about marrying someone. It’s probable that the couple will break up. In the same way it can
affect the family in a bad way and might create different relationships between the members
of the family, even though they get along.

Second, double life expectancy could affect our

laboral life. For most people, living more means
working more, so getting a career or getting a
retirement could take longer. For that reason,
economic productivity could increase if workers
agree to keep working longer, which would bring
a good consequence to the country. However,
problems such as job shortages may arise
because there will be older people who have
already lived many years and will be years older
than the young. In addition, it will be a problem in the power of schools, because it will be
more difficult for someone who has been a principal for years to want to retire, so there may
be stagnation as there is no turnover of staff.

In summary, the existence of a pill that would double life expectancy could have many
detrimental consequences on society, so it is necessary to investigate more about the
behaviors that people can present if this event can be possible. In conclusion, our
experiences and knowledge already learned may be altered if this situation arises.
ILLUSTRATED SUMMARY 5

JUSTIN LEBO

In the reading “Justin Lebo” by Phillip Hoose, tells the story of ten-year-old Justin Lebo, who
found an old bicycle in a market. To him it looked like he was looking at the bones of a
dinosaur. However, it turned out to be a BMX bike, it was rusty. Justin bought the bike and
that's when it all started.

To begin with, Justin's hobby was racing

motorcycles, a passion he shared with his
father. His garage looked like a bike store,
with wheels and hooks on the walls, so Justin
and his father made room for the new old
bike, fixed the pedal and cleaned it up to
make it look like new. However, after a short
time he forgot about the bike and the
following week he bought another one. Then
he realized that he didn't like riding the bikes,
only repairing them. Later he remembered
that he used to live near a big brick building called Kilbarchan Home for Boys, so he called
the manager and told him that he wanted to give those two bikes to the boys there. After the
Lebo family got in the car on the way home, Justin was thinking that maybe he should get
more bikes repaired and give more bikes to the children of Kilbarchan.

At that point, Justin started building the bikes

Ford-style on an assembly line. So Justin
decided that going to garage sales was the
best way to get old bikes, the only problem
was that he couldn't afford them but happily
his mother agreed to help him. Justin had to
finish the bikes before the summer vacations
were over, because when he goes to school
he won't have enough time. However, Justin
was lucky enough that a neighbor wrote to
the newspaper to get an article about Justin and the project he was [Link] overnight
everything changed, because he had a lot of requests and people helped him. As a result,
he was able to finish delivering the bicycles on time to the children of Kilbarchan.

Finally, when Justin saw those happy kids, he realized how important the bikes were to him.
So from there, he started making bikes and donating them to different places. Four years
went by and Justin had already made almost 200 bikes and has given them all away. Justin
is very happy with what he has achieved.
ILLUSTRATED SUMMARY 6

SOME TAKE THE TIME GLADLY

In the article “Some take the time gladly” the author Mensah Dean informed that Mandatory
volunteering made many members of the Maryland Class of '97 upset, because they don't
want to make mandatory community service hours obligatory.

In the first case, John Maloney is a student

of the second year in Bowie High School,
and he had already completed his hours,
because he worked as a volunteer doing two
nights a week in Larkin-Chase Nursing and
Restorative Center de Bowie. In this place,
he dedicated his time to play board games
with the elderly and to organize
get-togethers to spend time with them.
However, he has not yet finished
volunteering, as once a week he goes to
Prince George's animal shelters in
Forestville to film, which are often shown on national television. He does all this, because he
hopes to continue the work and find someone to shelter his animals.

In another point, it is important to mention that John is not

the only volunteer in his family, as his sister Melissa has
also completed volunteer hours in Larkin-Chase. She goes
to a children's community, what she does not like is writing
essays about her work because she feels it is an
obligation, when in fact it is not for her. On the other hand,
the high school's service learning office, led by Beth
Ansley, makes it easy for students to volunteer. According
to Amy Rouse, it is not possible for anyone to object to the
requirements. She went to work in the summer at the Ronald McDonald House and believes
that doing this type of service has changed her life. Amy Rouse believes that many people
will refuse because the service is mandatory, but once you start doing it, you start to like it.

In summary, many students who agreed to volunteer mentioned that it changed their lives,
as they feel good about helping animals, children or the elderly. in conclusion, students who
did not agree with mandatory volunteering may change their perspective once they do it.