General – textbook based.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a project?

a) Routine operations

b) Continuous production

c) Unique deliverables

d) Ongoing maintenance

Answer: c) Unique deliverables

What is the meaning of a project?

a) A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result

b) A repetitive process aimed at generating profit

c) A continuous operation that sustains an organization

d) An ongoing activity with no specific goal or timeline

Answer: a) A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result

Which framework provides a structured approach to project management?

a) Waterfall

b) Agile

c) Scrum

d) PRINCE2

Answer: d) PRINCE2

Which of the following is a project life cycle model?

a) Predictive model

b) Incremental model

c) Spiral model

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What are the different roles in project management?

a) Project sponsor, project manager, project team

b) Project analyst, project scheduler, project auditor

c) Project coordinator, project accountant, project designer

d) Project reviewer, project evaluator, project consultant

Answer: a) Project sponsor, project manager, project team

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a successful project manager?

a) Technical expertise

b) Micromanagement

c) Lack of communication skills

d) Resistance to change

Answer: a) Technical expertise

Which of the following is an advantage of using a project management software tool?

a) Increased project complexity

b) Decreased project visibility

c) Improved communication and collaboration

d) Reduced need for stakeholder involvement

Answer: c) Improved communication and collaboration

Which project management process involves defining and documenting the project's objectives,
deliverables, and scope?

a) Project planning

b) Project initiation

c) Project execution

d) Project closure
Answer: b) Project initiation

Which project management knowledge area is responsible for identifying, analyzing, and managing risks
throughout the project lifecycle?

a) Quality management

b) Procurement management

c) Risk management

d) Stakeholder management

Answer: c) Risk management

Which project management constraint is often referred to as the "Iron Triangle"?

a) Time

b) Scope

c) Quality

d) Cost

Answer: d) Cost

Which project management technique involves breaking down project activities into smaller,
manageable components?

a) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

b) Gantt chart

c) Critical Path Method (CPM)

d) Earned Value Management (EVM)

Answer: a) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a project organization?

a) Temporary in nature

b) Cross-functional teams

c) Hierarchical structure
d) Unique deliverable

Answer: c) Hierarchical structure

In a functional organization structure, employees are typically grouped by:

a) Project

b) Geographic location

c) Department or function

d) Project phase

Answer: c) Department or function

The matrix organization structure combines elements of:

a) Functional and project-based structures

b) Functional and divisional structures

c) Divisional and project-based structures

d) Project-based and network structures

Answer: a) Functional and project-based structures

Which type of project organization structure provides the highest level of authority and control to the
project manager?

a) Functional organization

b) Matrix organization

c) Project-based organization

d) Network organization

Answer: c) Project-based organization

A project management office (PMO) is responsible for:

a) Developing project schedules

b) Managing project budgets

c) Coordinating project resources

d) Providing project management support and guidance

Answer: d) Providing project management support and guidance

Which type of PMO has the highest level of control and authority over projects?

a) Supportive PMO

b) Controlling PMO

c) Directive PMO

d) Functional PMO

Answer: c) Directive PMO

The primary role of a supportive PMO is to:

a) Directly manage projects

b) Provide templates and best practices for project management

c) Ensure projects align with organizational strategy

d) Approve project budgets and expenditures

Answer: b) Provide templates and best practices for project management

Which type of PMO is typically responsible for managing and prioritizing the organization's project
portfolio?

a) Supportive PMO

b) Controlling PMO

c) Directive PMO

d) Strategic PMO

Answer: d) Strategic PMO

A project office that provides training and mentoring to project managers is an example of a:

a) Supportive PMO

b) Controlling PMO

c) Directive PMO
d) Functional PMO

Answer: a) Supportive PMO

Which of the following is a potential benefit of establishing a PMO?

a) Increased project risks

b) Reduced project visibility

c) Improved project coordination and communication

d) Decreased project success rate

Answer: c) Improved project coordination and communication

Which of the following is a characteristic of a projectized organization structure?

a) Limited project manager authority

b) Functional departments maintain control over projects

c) Project managers have full-time dedication to projects

d) Emphasis on functional expertise

Answer: c) Project managers have full-time dedication to projects

In a weak matrix organization structure, project managers have:

a) Limited authority and control over resources

b) Full authority and control over resources

c) Direct control over functional departments

d) No authority or control over resources

Answer: a) Limited authority and control over resources

A project coordinator is typically responsible for:

a) Directly managing projects

b) Developing project budgets

c) Coordinating project resources and activities

d) Providing strategic guidance to project managers

Answer: c) Coordinating project resources and activities

a) Feasibility analysis is conducted during which phase of project management?

i) Initiation phase

ii) Planning phase

iii) Execution phase

iv) Closure phase

Answer: i) Initiation phase

Which type of PMO primarily focuses on ensuring projects adhere to organizational standards and
policies?

a) Supportive PMO

b) Controlling PMO

c) Directive PMO

d) Strategic PMO

Answer: b) Controlling PMO

A PMO that is responsible for establishing project management methodologies, tools, and templates
throughout the organization is known as a:

a) Supportive PMO

b) Controlling PMO

c) Directive PMO

d) Functional PMO

Answer: a) Supportive PMO

Which type of project organization structure is suitable for highly complex projects that require
specialized skills and expertise?

a) Functional organization

b) Matrix organization
c) Project-based organization

d) Network organization

Answer: b) Matrix organization

The primary purpose of a PMO is to:

a) Develop project strategies and objectives

b) Assign resources to projects

c) Manage project risks and issues

d) Improve overall project management performance

Answer: d) Improve overall project management performance

Which type of PMO provides a consultative role to project managers and stakeholders?

a) Supportive PMO

b) Controlling PMO

c) Directive PMO

d) Strategic PMO

Answer: a) Supportive PMO

Which of the following is a key responsibility of a project sponsor?

a) Developing the project schedule

b) Monitoring project performance

c) Directly managing project resources

d) Ensuring project aligns with organizational goals

Answer: d) Ensuring project aligns with organizational goals

The purpose of a project charter is to:

a) Define the project scope and objectives

b) Allocate project resources

c) Create a project schedule

d) Track project milestones and deliverables

Answer: a) Define the project scope and objectives

Which approach involves assigning weights to different project criteria and evaluating projects based on
those weights?

i) Scoring model

ii) Benefit-cost ratio

iii) Payback period

iv) Net present value

Answer: i) Scoring model

) Which method of project selection uses a mathematical formula to calculate the present value of
expected cash flows?

i) Payback period

ii) Benefit-cost ratio

iii) Net present value

iv) Internal rate of return

Answer: iii) Net present value

Which risk refers to the possibility that the project's objectives and deliverables may not be met within
the defined constraints?

i) Technical risk

ii) Financial risk

iii) Operational risk

iv) Project risk

Answer: iv) Project risk

a) Which of the following is NOT considered in a feasibility analysis?

i) Technical feasibility

ii) Financial feasibility

iii) Operational feasibility

iv) Market feasibility

Answer: iv) Market feasibility

Approach to Project Screening and Selection:

a) Which approach involves ranking projects based on their overall desirability or priority?

i) Scoring model

ii) Benefit-cost ratio

iii) Weighted scoring model

iv) Internal rate of return

Answer: iii) Weighted scoring model

a) Which method of project selection focuses on the time it takes to recover the initial investment?

i) Payback period

ii) Benefit-cost ratio

iii) Net present value

iv) Internal rate of return

Answer: i) Payback period

a) Which risk refers to the risk associated with changes in technology or technical specifications during
the project execution?

i) Technical risk

ii) Financial risk

iii) Operational risk

iv) Market risk

Answer: i) Technical risk

Feasibility Analysis:

a) Which of the following is NOT a component of a feasibility analysis?

i) Technical feasibility
ii) Financial feasibility

iii) Social feasibility

iv) Legal feasibility

Answer: iii) Social feasibility

Approach to Project Screening and Selection:

a) Which approach involves comparing the benefits of a project to its costs?

i) Scoring model

ii) Benefit-cost ratio

iii) Weighted scoring model

iv) Internal rate of return

Answer: ii) Benefit-cost ratio

Methods of Project Selection:

a) Which method of project selection uses a predetermined set of criteria and scores projects based on
those criteria?

i) Scoring model

ii) Benefit-cost ratio

iii) Payback period

iv) Net present value

Answer: i) Scoring model

Risks Involved in Project Selection:

a) Which risk refers to the risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates or exchange rates?

i) Financial risk

ii) Technical risk

iii) Operational risk

iv) Market risk

Answer: i) Financial risk

MCQ: Which of the following is the primary purpose of cost estimates in budgeting?

a) To determine the actual costs incurred

b) To allocate resources efficiently

c) To identify potential sources of funding

d) To evaluate project performance

Answer: b) To allocate resources efficiently

MCQ: Which of the following is NOT a component of a cost estimate?

a) Direct costs

b) Indirect costs

c) Variable costs

d) Fixed costs

Answer: c) Variable costs

MCQ: Which of the following is an example of a fixed cost?

a) Raw material costs

b) Labor costs

c) Rent for office space

d) Marketing expenses

Answer: c) Rent for office space

MCQ: Which of the following methods uses historical data to estimate costs?

a) Top-down estimating

b) Bottom-up estimating

c) Parametric estimating
d) Analogous estimating

Answer: d) Analogous estimating

MCQ: Which of the following is a disadvantage of top-down estimating?

a) It is time-consuming

b) It requires detailed project information

c) It may lack accuracy and detail

d) It is not suitable for large projects

Answer: c) It may lack accuracy and detail

Numeric MCQ: The budgeted cost of a project is $100,000. The actual cost incurred is $90,000. Calculate
the cost variance.

a) $10,000

b) $90,000

c) -$10,000

d) -$90,000

Answer: c) -$10,000

Numeric MCQ: The planned cost of a project is $50,000. The actual cost incurred is $45,000. Calculate
the cost performance index (CPI).

a) 1.11

b) 1.00

c) 0.90

d) 0.80

Answer: a) 1.11
Numeric MCQ: A project has a budget of $200,000 and a cost performance index (CPI) of 0.95. Calculate
the earned value (EV) of the project.

a) $190,000

b) $180,000

c) $190,500

d) $210,000

Answer: a) $190,000

Numeric MCQ: The actual cost of a project is $80,000, and the earned value (EV) is $75,000. Calculate
the cost variance (CV).

a) $5,000

b) $80,000

c) -$5,000

d) -$75,000

Answer: c) -$5,000

Numeric MCQ: A project has a budget of $100,000, and the earned value (EV) is $90,000. Calculate the
cost performance index (CPI).

a) 0.90

b) 1.00

c) 1.10

d) 1.20

Answer: c) 1.10

MCQ: Which of the following budgeting techniques involves allocating resources based on the expected
return on investment (ROI)?
a) Zero-based budgeting

b) Activity-based budgeting

c) Capital budgeting

d) Flexible budgeting

Answer: c) Capital budgeting

MCQ: Which of the following is a limitation of traditional budgeting?

a) It encourages cost control and efficiency

b) It allows for flexibility and adaptation to changing circumstances

c) It focuses on short-term goals rather than long-term strategy

d) It promotes employee engagement and empowerment

Answer: c) It focuses on short-term goals rather than long-term strategy

MCQ: Which of the following budgeting approaches involves setting budget targets based on the best-
performing units or individuals?

a) Incremental budgeting

b) Kaizen budgeting

c) Performance-based budgeting

d) Rolling budgeting

Answer: c) Performance-based budgeting

MCQ: Which of the following cost estimation techniques uses statistical analysis to identify cost drivers
and develop cost equations?

a) Regression analysis

b) Break-even analysis

c) Monte Carlo simulation

d) Sensitivity analysis

Answer: a) Regression analysis

MCQ: Which of the following budgeting techniques involves setting budgets based on a percentage
increase or decrease from the previous period?

a) Zero-based budgeting

b) Incremental budgeting

c) Activity-based budgeting

d) Beyond budgeting

Answer: b) Incremental budgeting

Numeric MCQ: A project has a budgeted cost of $500,000 and an earned value (EV) of $450,000.
Calculate the schedule variance (SV) in dollars.

a) $50,000

b) -$50,000

c) $450,000

d) -$450,000

Answer: b) -$50,000

Numeric MCQ: A project has a budgeted cost of $200,000, an actual cost of $220,000, and an earned
value (EV) of $180,000. Calculate the cost performance index (CPI).

a) 0.82

b) 0.90

c) 1.10

d) 1.20

Answer: a) 0.82
Numeric MCQ: A project has a budgeted cost of $100,000, an earned value (EV) of $90,000, and a cost
variance (CV) of $5,000. Calculate the actual cost (AC) of the project.

a) $85,000

b) $95,000

c) $95,000

d) $105,000

Answer: b) $95,000

Numeric MCQ: A project has a budgeted cost of $150,000 and an earned value (EV) of $160,000.
Calculate the cost performance index (CPI).

a) 0.94

b) 1.00

c) 1.07

d) 1.13

Answer: c) 1.07

Numeric MCQ: A project has a budgeted cost of $50,000, an actual cost of $45,000, and an earned value
(EV) of $40,000. Calculate the schedule performance index (SPI).

a) 0.80

b) 0.90

c) 1.00

d) 1.10

Answer: b) 0.90

Types of Cost:

a) Fixed cost
b) Variable cost

c) Direct cost

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Cost estimates are:

a) Exact calculations of project costs

b) Rough approximations of project costs

c) Finalized figures for project costs

d) None of the above

Answer: b) Rough approximations of project costs

The process of creating a project budget involves:

a) Identifying all project costs

b) Estimating the cost of each activity or task

c) Allocating resources and funds

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Budgeting contingencies are:

a) Additional funds set aside for unexpected expenses

b) Costs that are incurred due to poor budgeting

c) A fixed percentage of the project budget

d) None of the above

Answer: a) Additional funds set aside for unexpected expenses

Which cost is not considered in the calculation of the total project cost?

a) Direct labor cost

b) Overhead cost
c) Variable cost

d) Sunk cost

Answer: d) Sunk cost

A company has a fixed monthly cost of $10,000 and a variable cost per unit of $5. If the company
produces and sells 2,000 units in a month, what is the total cost?

a) $5,000

b) $20,000

c) $15,000

d) $30,000

Answer: c) $15,000

A project's estimated cost is $50,000 with a contingency of 10%. What is the total budget, including the
contingency?

a) $50,000

b) $55,000

c) $60,000

d) $45,000

Answer: b) $55,000

A project's estimated cost is $100,000, and the actual cost is $120,000. What is the cost variance?

a) $20,000

b) $10,000

c) -$20,000

d) -$10,000

Answer: c) -$20,000

The actual cost of a project is $80,000, and the earned value is $75,000. What is the cost performance
index (CPI)?

a) 0.8
b) 1.2

c) 0.75

d) 1.25

Answer: b) 1.2

A company has a budget of $200,000 for a project. They have spent $150,000 so far. What is the budget
at completion (BAC)?

a) $200,000

b) $150,000

c) $350,000

d) $250,000

Answer: a) $200,000

Which of the following is an example of a direct cost?

a) Rent for office space

b) Raw materials used in production

c) Salaries of top-level executives

d) Advertising expenses

Answer: b) Raw materials used in production

Cost estimates are typically used for:

a) Allocating project resources

b) Determining the profitability of a project

c) Creating a project schedule

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

The purpose of a project budget is to:

a) Track project expenses

b) Ensure that project costs are within acceptable limits

c) Provide a financial plan for the project

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a variable cost?

a) Property taxes

b) Insurance premiums

c) Employee salaries

d) Cost of goods sold

Answer: d) Cost of goods sold

Budgeting contingencies are typically expressed as a percentage of the:

a) Project schedule

b) Project duration

c) Project cost estimate

d) Project scope

Answer: c) Project cost estimate

A project has a budget of $500,000. The project manager adds a contingency reserve of 10% to the
budget. What is the total budget, including the contingency?

a) $450,000

b) $550,000

c) $500,000

d) $510,000

Answer: b) $550,000

A project is estimated to cost $100,000. The actual cost incurred is $90,000. What is the cost variance?

a) $10,000
b) $90,000

c) $100,000

d) -$10,000

Answer: d) -$10,000

The earned value of a project is $75,000, and the actual cost is $80,000. What is the cost performance
index (CPI)?

a) 0.93

b) 1.07

c) 0.87

d) 1.25

Answer: b) 1.07

A project has a budget of $200,000 and is 50% complete. The actual cost incurred so far is $110,000.
What is the earned value (EV)?

a) $100,000

b) $50,000

c) $110,000

d) $200,000

Answer: a) $100,000

A company has a fixed cost of $10,000 and a variable cost per unit of $5. If the company wants to break
even and the selling price per unit is $20, how many units must be sold?

a) 500

b) 1,000

c) 2,000

d) 4,000

Answer: b) 1,000

Project Decisions:
a) Which of the following is NOT a project decision?

i) Deciding on the project scope

ii) Selecting the project team

iii) Determining the project budget

iv) Conducting market research

Answer: iv) Conducting market research

Project Charter:

a) What is the purpose of a project charter?

i) To define the project scope, objectives, and stakeholders

ii) To allocate resources and create a project schedule

iii) To monitor project progress and track milestones

iv) To identify risks and develop mitigation strategies

Answer: i) To define the project scope, objectives, and stakeholders

Concept of Project Planning:

a) What is the critical path in project planning?

i) The longest sequence of activities that determines the shortest possible project duration

ii) The sequence of activities with the highest resource requirements

iii) The path that involves the most stakeholders in the project

iv) The path that requires the least amount of project planning

Answer: i) The longest sequence of activities that determines the shortest possible project duration

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):

a) What is the purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?

i) To identify project risks and develop mitigation strategies

ii) To allocate resources and create a project schedule

iii) To break down the project into manageable tasks and subtasks

iv) To evaluate project performance and track milestones

Answer: iii) To break down the project into manageable tasks and subtasks

RACI/RAM Model:

a) What does the RACI/RAM model help to establish?

i) Project roles and responsibilities

ii) Project budget and financials

iii) Project risks and mitigation strategies

iv) Project milestones and deliverables

Answer: i) Project roles and responsibilities

Numeric MCQs (with numerical answers):

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):

a) How many levels does a typical Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) have?

i) 2

ii) 3

iii) 4

iv) 5

Answer: iii) 4

a) How many roles can be assigned in the RACI/RAM model for a specific task?

i) 1

ii) 2
iii) 3

iv) 4

Answer: iv) 4

Project Decisions:

a) Which of the following factors is NOT typically considered when making project decisions?

i) Cost

ii) Time

iii) Quality

iv) Stakeholder preferences

Answer: iv) Stakeholder preferences

Project Charter:

a) Who typically approves the project charter?

i) Project manager

ii) Project team

iii) Senior management or sponsor

iv) Stakeholders

Answer: iii) Senior management or sponsor

Concept of Project Planning:

a) What is the purpose of a project schedule?

i) To determine the project budget

ii) To assign project resources

iii) To track project progress and deadlines

iv) To identify project risks

Answer: iii) To track project progress and deadlines

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):

a) Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a WBS?

i) Improved project communication

ii) Enhanced resource allocation

iii) Increased project flexibility

iv) Clearer understanding of project scope

Answer: iii) Increased project flexibility

Which of the following is NOT a common project scheduling technique?

a) Gantt chart

b) Critical Path Method (CPM)

c) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

d) Activity-Based Costing (ABC)

Answer: d) Activity-Based Costing (ABC)

In project scheduling, what does the term "critical path" refer to?

a) The longest sequence of activities that determines the project duration

b) The shortest sequence of activities that determines the project duration

c) The sequence of activities with the highest resource allocation

d) The sequence of activities with the lowest resource allocation

Answer: a) The longest sequence of activities that determines the project duration

Resource allocation in project management involves:

a) Determining the order of activities in a project

b) Assigning resources to project activities

c) Tracking project progress and performance

d) Evaluating project risks and uncertainties

Answer: b) Assigning resources to project activities

Which of the following is NOT a typical resource constraint in project management?

a) Labor availability

b) Equipment availability

c) Budget constraints

d) Quality requirements

Answer: d) Quality requirements

Which scheduling technique allows for flexibility in activity start and finish times?

a) Gantt chart

b) Critical Path Method (CPM)

c) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

d) Monte Carlo simulation

Answer: d) Monte Carlo simulation

Numeric MCQs:

A project has five activities with the following durations:

Activity A: 4 days

Activity B: 5 days

Activity C: 3 days

Activity D: 6 days

Activity E: 2 days

What is the total duration of the project?

a) 12 days
b) 20 days

c) 18 days

d) 16 days

Answer: c) 18 days (sum of all activity durations)

A project requires two resources: Resource X and Resource Y. Resource X is available for 8 hours per day,
and Resource Y is available for 6 hours per day. The project activities require the following resource
allocations:

Activity A: Resource X - 3 hours, Resource Y - 2 hours

Activity B: Resource X - 4 hours, Resource Y - 3 hours

Activity C: Resource X - 2 hours, Resource Y - 1 hour

What is the total resource allocation for Resource X?

a) 9 hours

b) 8 hours

c) 7 hours

d) 6 hours

Answer: b) 8 hours (sum of resource allocations for Resource X)

A project has a budget of $50,000. The project manager has allocated the following costs for different
activities:

Activity A: $10,000

Activity B: $15,000

Activity C: $8,000

Activity D: $12,000

What is the total cost allocated for the project?

a) $35,000

b) $45,000

c) $50,000

d) $55,000

Answer: b) $45,000 (sum of all activity costs)

Which of the following is an advantage of using the Critical Path Method (CPM) for project scheduling?

a) It allows for flexibility in activity sequencing.

b) It provides a visual representation of project progress.

c) It considers resource constraints during scheduling.

d) It allows for probabilistic analysis of project durations.

Answer: b) It provides a visual representation of project progress.

Which of the following techniques is used to allocate resources optimally in project management?

a) Resource leveling

b) Resource crashing

c) Resource histogram

d) Resource breakdown structure

Answer: a) Resource leveling

In the context of project scheduling, what does the term "float" refer to?

a) The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project

b) The total duration of the project

c) The critical path of the project

d) The amount of time an activity is ahead of schedule

Answer: a) The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project

Which of the following scheduling techniques considers both the project duration and the resource
availability?

a) Gantt chart

b) Critical Chain Method (CCM)

c) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

d) Monte Carlo simulation

Answer: b) Critical Chain Method (CCM)

Which resource allocation technique involves assigning resources based on their availability and skill set?

a) Resource smoothing

b) Resource leveling

c) Resource histogram

d) Resource assignment matrix

Answer: d) Resource assignment matrix

Numeric MCQs:

A project consists of three activities with the following durations and dependencies:

Activity A: 4 days

Activity B: 6 days (dependent on Activity A)

Activity C: 5 days (dependent on Activity B)

What is the total duration of the project?

a) 10 days

b) 15 days

c) 16 days

d) 19 days

Answer: c) 16 days (Activity A + Activity B + Activity C)

A project requires three resources: Resource X, Resource Y, and Resource Z. The project activities require
the following resource allocations:

Activity A: Resource X - 4 hours, Resource Y - 3 hours, Resource Z - 2 hours

Activity B: Resource X - 2 hours, Resource Y - 1 hour, Resource Z - 5 hours

Activity C: Resource X - 3 hours, Resource Y - 4 hours, Resource Z - 2 hours

What is the total resource allocation for Resource Y?

a) 5 hours

b) 8 hours

c) 10 hours

d) 7 hours

Answer: b) 8 hours (sum of resource allocations for Resource Y)

A project has a budget of $100,000. The project manager has allocated the following costs for different
activities:

Activity A: $20,000

Activity B: $30,000

Activity C: $15,000

Activity D: $25,000

What percentage of the total project budget is allocated to Activity B?

a) 20%

b) 30%

c) 35%

d) 25%

Answer: b) 30% (Activity B cost divided by the total project budget, multiplied by 100)

Project scheduling involves:

a) Identifying project activities and their sequence

b) Allocating resources to project activities

c) Estimating the time required for project activities

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used method for project time estimation?

a) Analogous estimation

b) Parametric estimation
c) Delphi method

d) Six Sigma method

Answer: d) Six Sigma method

Which of the following is used to represent the precedence relationships between activities in a project
network?

a) Gantt chart

b) PERT chart

c) Resource histogram

d) Critical path diagram

Answer: b) PERT chart

The term "Float" in project management refers to:

a) The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project completion time

b) The time estimate for completing an activity

c) The allocation of resources to project activities

d) The time required to complete the critical path

Answer: a) The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project completion time

In project management, crashing refers to:

a) Reducing the project duration by adding more resources

b) Allocating resources to project activities based on their availability

c) Adjusting the project schedule to optimize resource utilization

d) Identifying the critical path in the project network

Answer: a) Reducing the project duration by adding more resources

Which of the following is NOT a technique for resource leveling?

a) Fast-tracking
b) Resource smoothing

c) Resource-constrained scheduling

d) Monte Carlo simulation

Answer: d) Monte Carlo simulation

The term "Resource allocation" refers to:

a) Determining the number of resources needed for each project activity

b) Allocating resources to project activities based on their availability

c) Adjusting the project schedule to optimize resource utilization

d) Balancing the workload of resources across the project

Answer: b) Allocating resources to project activities based on their availability

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a milestone in project management?

a) A significant event or achievement in the project

b) Represented as a diamond shape in a project network diagram

c) Has zero duration

d) Requires the allocation of resources

Answer: d) Requires the allocation of resources

Which of the following is a commonly used technique for project time estimation?

a) Brainstorming

b) Regression analysis

c) Pareto analysis

d) Benchmarking

Answer: b) Regression analysis

What is the purpose of a resource histogram in project management?

a) To visualize the allocation of resources over time

b) To estimate project costs

c) To identify project risks

d) To perform resource leveling

Answer: a) To visualize the allocation of resources over time

Which of the following is an example of a project constraint?

a) Project scope

b) Project budget

c) Project stakeholders

d) Project milestones

Answer: b) Project budget

Which of the following scheduling techniques allows for a probabilistic estimation of project duration?

a) Critical path method (CPM)

b) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

c) Resource-constrained scheduling

d) Earned Value Management (EVM)

Answer: b) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

In project network analysis, the critical path is:

a) The shortest path through the project network

b) The longest path through the project network

c) The path with the least amount of resource allocation

d) The path that determines the project duration

Answer: d) The path that determines the project duration

Which of the following is NOT a component of a project network?

a) Nodes

b) Activities

c) Milestones
d) Resources

Answer: d) Resources

Resource loading refers to:

a) Allocating resources to project activities

b) Estimating the time required for project activities

c) Identifying project activities and their sequence

d) Identifying project milestones

Answer: a) Allocating resources to project activities

Resource leveling is performed to:

a) Allocate resources optimally across project activities

b) Reduce the project duration

c) Identify the critical path in the project network

d) None of the above

Answer: a) Allocate resources optimally across project activities

Resource allocation involves:

a) Determining the number of resources needed for each project activity

b) Allocating resources to project activities based on their availability

c) Adjusting the project schedule to optimize resource utilization

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following techniques can be used for resource allocation?

a) Critical path method (CPM)

b) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

c) Resource-constrained scheduling

d) Monte Carlo simulation

Answer: c) Resource-constrained scheduling

What is the purpose of a Gantt chart in project management?

a) To visualize the project schedule and activities

b) To estimate project costs

c) To identify project risks

d) To perform resource leveling

Answer: a) To visualize the project schedule and activities

Which of the following is an advantage of using a project management software tool?

a) Improved communication and collaboration among team members

b) Automatic resource leveling and allocation

c) Real-time tracking of project progress

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Project planning involves:

a) Determining project objectives and deliverables

b) Identifying project stakeholders

c) Defining project scope and activities

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a well-defined project objective?

a) Specific

b) Measurable

c) Achievable

d) Vague
Answer: d) Vague

Which of the following tools is commonly used for project scheduling?

a) Gantt chart

b) Control chart

c) Pareto chart

d) Fishbone diagram

Answer: a) Gantt chart

What is the purpose of project monitoring?

a) Tracking project progress and performance

b) Identifying potential risks and issues

c) Ensuring project objectives are met

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is a key component of earned value analysis?

a) Planned Value (PV)

b) Actual Cost (AC)

c) Earned Value (EV)

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

The formula for calculating Schedule Variance (SV) in earned value analysis is:

a) SV = EV - PV

b) SV = AC - EV

c) SV = EV / PV

d) SV = EV / AC

Answer: a) SV = EV - PV
The formula for calculating Cost Variance (CV) in earned value analysis is:

a) CV = EV - PV

b) CV = AC - EV

c) CV = EV / PV

d) CV = EV / AC

Answer: b) CV = AC - EV

A project has a planned value (PV) of $10,000, an earned value (EV) of $8,000, and an actual cost (AC) of
$9,000. What is the Cost Variance (CV) for the project?

a) $1,000

b) -$1,000

c) $2,000

d) -$2,000

Answer: b) -$1,000 (CV = AC - EV = $9,000 - $8,000 = -$1,000)

A project has a planned value (PV) of $20,000, an earned value (EV) of $18,000, and an actual cost (AC)
of $22,000. What is the Schedule Variance (SV) for the project?

a) $2,000

b) -$2,000

c) $4,000

d) -$4,000

Answer: b) -$2,000 (SV = EV - PV = $18,000 - $20,000 = -$2,000)

Which of the following is NOT a project control technique?

a) Change control

b) Risk management

c) Quality assurance

d) Scope creep
Answer: d) Scope creep

Which of the following is NOT a typical project constraint?

a) Time

b) Cost

c) Quality

d) Creativity

Answer: d) Creativity

Which of the following is an example of a project control tool?

a) Risk register

b) Project charter

c) Stakeholder analysis

d) Project scope statement

Answer: a) Risk register

What is the primary purpose of project controlling?

a) Ensuring that the project stays within budget

b) Monitoring project progress and performance

c) Managing project stakeholders

d) Defining project objectives

Answer: b) Monitoring project progress and performance

Which of the following is a common method for tracking project progress?

a) Critical Path Method (CPM)

b) Pareto analysis

c) Control charts

d) SWOT analysis

Answer: a) Critical Path Method (CPM)

The Earned Value Management (EVM) technique allows project managers to:

a) Track project costs and schedule performance

b) Assess project risks and uncertainties

c) Evaluate project quality and customer satisfaction

d) Identify project stakeholders and their expectations

Answer: a) Track project costs and schedule performance

The formula for calculating Cost Performance Index (CPI) in earned value analysis is:

a) CPI = EV / PV

b) CPI = EV - PV

c) CPI = AC / EV

d) CPI = AC - EV

Answer: c) CPI = AC / EV

A project has an Earned Value (EV) of $12,000 and an Actual Cost (AC) of $15,000. What is the Cost
Performance Index (CPI) for the project?

a) 0.8

b) 0.9

c) 1.2

d) 1.5

Answer: b) 0.9 (CPI = AC / EV = $15,000 / $12,000 = 0.9)

The formula for calculating Schedule Performance Index (SPI) in earned value analysis is:

a) SPI = EV / PV

b) SPI = EV - PV

c) SPI = AC / EV

d) SPI = AC - EV

Answer: a) SPI = EV / PV
A project has an Earned Value (EV) of $24,000 and a Planned Value (PV) of $20,000. What is the Schedule
Performance Index (SPI) for the project?

a) 0.8

b) 0.9

c) 1.2

d) 1.5

Answer: d) 1.2 (SPI = EV / PV = $24,000 / $20,000 = 1.2)

Which of the following is a technique for project monitoring and control?

a) Gantt chart

b) Brainstorming

c) Benchmarking

d) Value stream mapping

Answer: a) Gantt chart

Project closure and termination involve:

A) Completing all project activities and deliverables.

B) Closing contracts and releasing project resources.

C) Transferring project knowledge to the organization.

D) All of the above.

Answer: D) All of the above.

Which of the following is NOT a type of project closure?

A) Normal termination.

B) Premature termination.

C) Forced termination.

D) Aggressive termination.

Answer: D) Aggressive termination.

A transition plan includes:

A) Identifying ongoing support and maintenance requirements.

B) Documenting lessons learned from the project.

C) Training end-users on the project deliverables.

D) All of the above.

Answer: D) All of the above.

Post-project activities typically include:

A) Conducting a project review and evaluation.

B) Documenting project outcomes and lessons learned.

C) Celebrating project success with stakeholders.

D) All of the above.

Answer: D) All of the above.

Realization of project benefits refers to:

A) Assessing whether the project objectives have been achieved.

B) Calculating the return on investment (ROI) for the project.

C) Evaluating the impact of the project on organizational goals.

D) All of the above.

Answer: D) All of the above.

MCQ: Which of the following is a type of project termination?

A) Normal termination.

B) Controlled termination.

C) Uncontrolled termination.

D) All of the above.

Answer: D) All of the above.

MCQ: What is the purpose of a transition plan in project closure?

A) To ensure a smooth handover of project deliverables to the operational teams.

B) To terminate the project abruptly.

C) To evaluate the project's performance.

D) To celebrate the project's success.

Answer: A) To ensure a smooth handover of project deliverables to the operational teams.

MCQ: Which of the following activities are typically included in post-project activities?

A) Conducting a project review and evaluation.

B) Documenting lessons learned.

C) Celebrating project success with stakeholders.

D) All of the above.

Answer: D) All of the above.

MCQ: What does the realization of project benefits involve?

A) Assessing whether the project objectives have been achieved.

B) Measuring the financial return on investment (ROI) for the project.

C) Evaluating the impact of the project on organizational goals.

D) All of the above.

Answer: D) All of the above.

Numeric: Calculate the ROI for a project that had an initial investment of $100,000 and generated a net
profit of $50,000.

Answer: ROI = (Net Profit / Initial Investment) x 100

ROI = (50,000 / 100,000) x 100

ROI = 50%

Numeric: During a project closure, 100 project team members were released, and 25 contractors were
terminated. How many resources were released in total?
Answer: Total released resources = Project team members + Contractors

Total released resources = 100 + 25

Total released resources = 125

MCQ: Which of the following is a characteristic of premature termination?

A) The project is completed successfully within the planned time frame.

B) The project is terminated before achieving its objectives.

C) The project is extended beyond the planned duration.

D) The project is terminated after exceeding the budget.

Answer: B) The project is terminated before achieving its objectives.

MCQ: What is the purpose of a project review and evaluation in post-project activities?

A) To identify areas for improvement in future projects.

B) To allocate additional resources to the project.

C) To renegotiate project contracts.

D) To approve the project's budget.

Answer: A) To identify areas for improvement in future projects.

Numeric: The planned duration of a project was 12 months, but it was completed in 10 months.
Calculate the schedule performance index (SPI) for the project.

Answer: SPI = Actual Duration / Planned Duration

SPI = 10 months / 12 months

SPI ≈ 0.83

MCQ: What is the purpose of a transition plan in project closure?

A) To terminate the project abruptly.

B) To ensure a smooth handover of project deliverables to the operational teams.

C) To calculate the project's return on investment (ROI).

D) To assess the project's impact on organizational goals.

Answer: B) To ensure a smooth handover of project deliverables to the operational teams.

Numeric: The initial investment for a project was $500,000, and the total benefits realized from the
project were $700,000. Calculate the return on investment (ROI) as a percentage.

Answer: ROI = (Total Benefits - Initial Investment) / Initial Investment × 100

ROI = (700,000 - 500,000) / 500,000 × 100

ROI = 40%

Multiple Choice Question: Which of the following is a primary function of a Project Management
Information System (PMIS)?

a) Scheduling project activities

b) Managing project resources

c) Monitoring project progress

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Numeric Question: A project has a duration of 20 weeks and a budget of $100,000. After 10 weeks, the
project is 50% complete. What is the Cost Performance Index (CPI) of the project?

Answer: CPI = EV (Earned Value) / AC (Actual Cost)

EV = Percent Complete * Budget

EV = 50% * $100,000 = $50,000

AC = Actual Cost = $100,000

CPI = $50,000 / $100,000 = 0.5

Therefore, the Cost Performance Index (CPI) of the project is 0.5.

Multiple Choice Question: Which of the following is a benefit of using a Project Management
Information System (PMIS)?
a) Improved communication and collaboration

b) Enhanced decision-making

c) Increased project visibility

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Numeric Question: A company wants to archive historical project information from the past five years.
Each project generates an average of 500 MB of data. If the company completed 100 projects during that
period, what is the total storage capacity required to archive all the historical information?

Answer: Total storage capacity = Data generated per project * Number of projects

Total storage capacity = 500 MB * 100 projects = 50,000 MB

Therefore, the total storage capacity required to archive all the historical information is 50,000 MB.

Multiple Choice Question: Which of the following is an advantage of archiving historical information in
project management?

a) Facilitates lessons learned and knowledge sharing

b) Enables better future project planning

c) Helps in performance evaluation and benchmarking

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Multiple Choice Question: Which computer application is commonly used for project scheduling and
critical path analysis?

a) Microsoft Word

b) Microsoft Excel

c) Microsoft Project
d) Microsoft PowerPoint

Answer: c) Microsoft Project

Numeric Question: A project has a planned duration of 8 weeks and a budget of $50,000. After 4 weeks,
the project is 25% complete. What is the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) of the project?

Answer: SPI = EV (Earned Value) / PV (Planned Value)

PV = Planned Percent Complete * Budget

PV = 25% * $50,000 = $12,500

EV = Percent Complete * Budget

EV = 25% * $50,000 = $12,500

SPI = $12,500 / $12,500 = 1

Therefore, the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) of the project is 1.

Which of the following is NOT a typical function of a Project Management Information System (PMIS)?

a) Resource allocation and tracking

b) Risk management

c) Stakeholder analysis

d) Cost estimation and budgeting

Answer: c) Stakeholder analysis

A Gantt chart is a visual representation of:

a) Project milestones and deliverables

b) Project budget and expenditures

c) Project risks and mitigation strategies

d) Project team members and their roles

Answer: a) Project milestones and deliverables

What is the purpose of archiving historical information in project management?

a) To comply with legal regulations

b) To eliminate project documentation clutter

c) To preserve knowledge and lessons learned

d) To reduce project costs

Answer: c) To preserve knowledge and lessons learned

Which computer application is commonly used for risk assessment and management in project
management?

a) Microsoft Word

b) Microsoft Excel

c) Microsoft Project

d) Microsoft Visio

Answer: b) Microsoft Excel

Which of the following is a key benefit of using computer applications in project management?

a) Improved team collaboration and communication

b) Reduced project complexity

c) Elimination of the need for project managers

d) Decreased project costs

Answer: a) Improved team collaboration and communication

What is the primary purpose of a project management dashboard in a PMIS?

a) To provide real-time project status updates

b) To manage project stakeholder engagement

c) To facilitate resource allocation and scheduling

d) To archive historical project information

Answer: a) To provide real-time project status updates

Which computer application is commonly used for document management in project management?

a) Microsoft Word

b) Microsoft Excel

c) Microsoft PowerPoint

d) Microsoft SharePoint

Answer: d) Microsoft SharePoint

What does Earned Value Analysis (EVA) assess in project management?

a) Project risks and uncertainties

b) Stakeholder satisfaction levels

c) Schedule and cost performance

d) Quality control and assurance

Answer: c) Schedule and cost performance

Which of the following is a limitation of archiving historical information in project management?

a) Increased storage costs

b) Limited access to archived information

c) Difficulty in retrieving relevant information

d) Loss of data integrity

Answer: a) Increased storage costs

What is the purpose of a project management software in project management?

a) To automate project execution

b) To eliminate the need for project planning

c) To provide real-time project analytics

d) To replace project managers

Answer: c) To provide real-time project analytics

Which of the following is a commonly used project management software that supports collaboration
and task management?

a) Trello

b) Adobe Photoshop

c) Microsoft Excel

d) Google Chrome

Answer: a) Trello

What is the purpose of a project management template in computer applications?

a) To automate project execution

b) To facilitate project initiation and planning

c) To store historical project data

d) To generate project financial reports

Answer: b) To facilitate project initiation and planning

Which of the following is a benefit of using cloud-based project management tools?

a) Improved data security

b) Limited access to project information

c) Decreased collaboration among team members

d) Enhanced accessibility and flexibility

Answer: d) Enhanced accessibility and flexibility

Which computer application is commonly used for resource leveling and allocation in project
management?

a) Microsoft PowerPoint

b) Microsoft Project

c) Microsoft Outlook

d) Microsoft Access

Answer: b) Microsoft Project

What is the purpose of version control in archiving historical project information?

a) To ensure data integrity and accuracy

b) To limit access to archived information

c) To facilitate data storage and retrieval

d) To eliminate the need for backups

Answer: a) To ensure data integrity and accuracy

Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-designed PMIS?

a) Complex and difficult to use

b) Limited reporting capabilities

c) Scalable and customizable

d) Lack of integration with other software

Answer: c) Scalable and customizable

What is the primary advantage of using a PMIS for project communication?

a) Improved team collaboration and coordination

b) Reduced project costs and timelines

c) Elimination of the need for project meetings

d) Increased project risks and uncertainties

Answer: a) Improved team collaboration and coordination

Which computer application is commonly used for risk identification and analysis in project
management?

a) Microsoft Word

b) Microsoft Excel

c) Microsoft PowerPoint

d) Microsoft Teams

Answer: b) Microsoft Excel

What is the primary purpose of archiving historical project information?

a) To comply with industry regulations

b) To free up storage space on servers

c) To provide a record for future reference and analysis

d) To delete outdated project data

Answer: c) To provide a record for future reference and analysis

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using computer applications in project management?

a) Improved project communication and collaboration

b) Increased reliance on technology and technical skills

c) Enhanced project planning and decision-making

d) Reduced project complexity and risks

Answer: b) Increased reliance on technology and technical skills

Project management software is used to:

a) Manage financial resources

b) Track project progress and milestones

c) Conduct market research

d) Create business strategies

Answer: b) Track project progress and milestones

Which of the following is a common project management software?

a) Excel

b) PowerPoint

c) Microsoft Word

d) Microsoft Project

Answer: d) Microsoft Project

Project management software helps in:

a) Scheduling tasks and assigning resources

b) Writing business reports

c) Conducting employee training programs

d) Creating marketing campaigns

Answer: a) Scheduling tasks and assigning resources

Which feature of project management software allows users to visualize project timelines and
dependencies?

a) Gantt charts

b) Pivot tables

c) Flowcharts

d) Histograms

Answer: a) Gantt charts

The primary benefit of using project management software is:

a) Increased collaboration among team members

b) Reduction in project costs

c) Improved customer satisfaction

d) Enhanced business networking

Answer: a) Increased collaboration among team members

Project management software can assist in:

a) Creating financial forecasts

b) Monitoring stock market trends

c) Managing project risks

d) Designing product prototypes

Answer: c) Managing project risks

Which of the following is not a common project management software feature?

a) Budget tracking

b) Resource allocation

c) Social media integration

d) Task prioritization

Answer: c) Social media integration

The purpose of using project management software in MBA programs is to:

a) Automate financial analysis

b) Improve decision-making skills

c) Enhance public speaking abilities

d) Develop programming skills

Answer: b) Improve decision-making skills

Project management software allows for:

a) Real-time collaboration and communication

b) Tracking stock market trends

c) Conducting statistical analysis

d) Creating advertising campaigns

Answer: a) Real-time collaboration and communication

Project management software is commonly used in MBA programs to:

a) Simulate business scenarios

b) Develop computer programs

c) Write academic research papers

d) Create visual presentations

Answer: a) Simulate business scenarios

Which of the following is a popular cloud-based project management software?

a) Trello

b) Excel

c) Notion

d) Adobe Photoshop

Answer: a) Trello

Project management software helps in:

a) Resource allocation

b) Creating financial statements

c) Conducting market research

d) Designing product packaging

Answer: a) Resource allocation

Which feature of project management software allows users to assign tasks to team members and set
deadlines?

a) Kanban boards

b) Data visualization

c) Word processing

d) Video editing

Answer: a) Kanban boards

The primary goal of using project management software in an MBA program is to:

a) Streamline communication among team members

b) Generate revenue for the organization

c) Monitor social media trends

d) Develop artistic skills

Answer: a) Streamline communication among team members

Project management software enables MBA students to:

a) Analyze financial statements

b) Plan and execute projects effectively

c) Write academic essays

d) Perform physical experiments

Answer: b) Plan and execute projects effectively

Which of the following is not a typical project management software feature?

a) Task dependency tracking

b) Resource leveling

c) Audio editing

d) Progress reporting

Answer: c) Audio editing

Project management software helps in:

a) Managing project budgets

b) Creating fictional storylines

c) Conducting employee appraisals

d) Developing mobile applications

Answer: a) Managing project budgets

The use of project management software in MBA programs promotes:

a) Efficient time management

b) Political campaign strategies

c) Textbook writing skills

d) Photography techniques

Answer: a) Efficient time management

Which aspect of project management software allows users to evaluate project performance and make
necessary adjustments?

a) Risk assessment

b) Quality control

c) Event planning

d) Performance tracking

Answer: d) Performance tracking

The implementation of project management software in MBA programs helps students develop:
a) Teamwork and collaboration skills

b) Culinary expertise

c) Graphic design abilities

d) Public relations strategies

Answer: a) Teamwork and collaboration skills

Which of the following is a key benefit of using project management software?

a) Improved communication and collaboration

b) Elimination of the need for project managers

c) Increased project scope

d) Reduction in project risks

Answer: a) Improved communication and collaboration

In the context of project management, WBS stands for:

a) Work Breakdown Structure

b) Work Budget Schedule

c) Workflow Business Solution

d) Working Backward Strategy

Answer: a) Work Breakdown Structure

How can project management software aid in the development of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?

a) It automatically generates the WBS based on project inputs

b) It allows for the easy visualization and hierarchical organization of project tasks

c) It assigns resources to each task in the WBS

d) It tracks the progress of each task in real-time

Answer: b) It allows for the easy visualization and hierarchical organization of project tasks

Network planning in project management involves:

a) Identifying and sequencing project activities

b) Allocating resources to project activities

c) Establishing project goals and objectives

d) Evaluating project risks and uncertainties

Answer: a) Identifying and sequencing project activities

How does project management software assist in network planning?

a) It automatically calculates project durations and dependencies

b) It provides real-time updates on resource availability

c) It enables the tracking of project milestones

d) It generates project reports and analysis

Answer: a) It automatically calculates project durations and dependencies

Resource allocation in project management refers to:

a) Identifying project risks and uncertainties

b) Assigning tasks and responsibilities to project team members

c) Determining the project schedule and timeline

d) Allocating the necessary resources (e.g., human, financial, material) to project activities

Answer: d) Allocating the necessary resources (e.g., human, financial, material) to project activities

How can project management software facilitate resource allocation?

a) It automatically assigns tasks to project team members

b) It allows for the tracking and optimization of resource utilization

c) It generates financial reports for resource expenditure

d) It provides templates for resource allocation plans

Answer: b) It allows for the tracking and optimization of resource utilization

Monitoring and control in project management involve:

a) Identifying and resolving project issues and deviations

b) Creating the project charter and stakeholder analysis

c) Determining project milestones and deliverables

d) Allocating resources to project tasks

Answer: a) Identifying and resolving project issues and deviations

How does project management software support monitoring and control?

a) It automatically resolves project issues and deviations

b) It generates progress reports and performance metrics

c) It tracks project milestones and deliverables

d) It assigns resources to project tasks based on priority

Answer: b) It generates progress reports and performance metrics

Project management software is commonly used in MBA programs because it:

a) Provides hands-on experience in project planning and execution

b) Eliminates the need for project management knowledge and skills

c) Reduces the importance of effective communication and collaboration

d) Focuses primarily on theoretical aspects of project management

Answer: a) Provides hands-on experience in project planning and execution