The following edited passage is an 45 civilised society, a prison.

But on one
excerpt from The Scarlet Letter by side of the portal, and rooted almost at
Nathaniel Hawthorne, a historical the threshold, was a wild rose-bush,
fiction novel set in Boston in the 1600s. covered, in this month of June, with its
delicate gems, which might be imagined
A throng of bearded men, in sad- 50 to offer their fragrance and fragile
coloured garments and grey steeple- beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and
crowned hats, inter-mixed with women, to the condemned criminal as he came
some wearing hoods, and others forth to his doom, in token that the deep
5 bareheaded, was assembled in front of a heart of Nature could pity and be kind to
wooden edifice, the door of which was 55 him.
heavily timbered with oak, and studded
with iron spikes. This rose-bush, by a strange chance, has
been kept alive in history; but whether it
The founders of a new colony, whatever had merely survived out of the stern old
10 Utopia of human virtue and happiness wilderness, so long after the fall of the
they might originally project, have 60 gigantic pines and oaks that originally
invariably recognised it among their overshadowed it, or whether, as there is
earliest practical necessities to allot a fair authority for believing, it had
portion of the virgin soil as a cemetery, sprung up under the footsteps of the
15 and another portion as the site of a sainted Ann Hutchinson as she entered
prison. In accordance with this rule it 65 the prison-door, we shall not take upon
may safely be assumed that the us to determine. Finding it so directly on
forefathers of Boston had built the first the threshold of our narrative, which is
prison-house somewhere in the Vicinity now about to issue from that
20 of Cornhill, almost as seasonably as inauspicious portal, we could hardly do
they marked out the first burial-ground, 70 otherwise than pluck one of its flowers,
on Isaac Johnson's lot, and round about and present it to the reader. It may
his grave, which subsequently became serve, let us hope, to symbolise some
the nucleus of all the congregated sweet moral blossom that may be found
25 sepulchres in the old yard of King's along the track, or relieve the darkening
Chapel. Certain it is that, some fifteen or 75 close of a tale of human frailty and
twenty years after the settlement of the sorrow.
town, the wooden jail was already
marked with weather-stains and other The grass-plot before the jail, in Prison
30 indications of age, which gave a yet Lane, on a certain summer morning, not
darker aspect to its beetle-browed and less than two centuries ago, was
gloomy front. The rust on the ponderous 80 occupied by a pretty large number of the
iron-work of its oaken door looked more inhabitants of Boston, all with their eyes
antique than anything else in the New intently fastened on the iron-clamped
35 World. Like all that pertains to crime, it oaken door. Amongst any other
seemed never to have known a youthful population, or at a later period in the
era. Before this ugly edifice, and 85 history of New England, the grim
between it and the wheel-track of the rigidity that petrified the bearded
street, was a grass-plot, much physiognomies of these good people
40 overgrown with burdock, pig-weed, would have augured some awful
apple-pern, and such unsightly business in hand. It could have
vegetation, which evidently found 90 betokened nothing short of the
something congenial in the soil that had anticipated execution of some noted
so early borne the black flower of culprit, on whom the sentence of a legal

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 tribunal had but confirmed the verdict of 2. As used in line 22, “lot” most nearly
public sentiment. But, in that early means
95 severity of their character, an inference A. condition.
of this kind could not so indubitably be B. bundle.
drawn. It might be that a sluggish bond- C. fate.
servant, or an undutiful child, whom his D. ground.
parents had given over to the civil
100 authority, was to be corrected at the 3. The author alludes to the rose bush’s
whipping-post. It might be that an existence as
Antinomian, a Quaker, or other A. justified.
heterodox religionist, was to be B. arbitrary.
scourged out of the town, or an idle or C. meaningful.
105 vagrant Indian, whom the white man's D. elusive.
firewater had made riotous about the
streets, was to be driven with stripes 4. Which choice best provides
into the shadow of the forest. It might evidence for the answer to the
be, too, that a witch, like old Mistress previous question?
110 Hibbins, the bitter-tempered widow of A. Lines 45-55 (“But … him.”)
the magistrate, was to die upon the B. Lines 56-57 (“This … history;”)
gallows. In either case, there was very C. Lines 57-66 (“but …
much the same solemnity of demeanour determine.”)
on the part of the spectators, as befitted D. Lines 66-71 (“Finding …
115 a people among whom religion and law reader.”)
were almost identical, and in whose
character both were so thoroughly 5. The author uses descriptive
interfused, that the mildest and severest language in the first paragraph to
acts of public discipline were alike A. allow the reader to visualize the
120 made venerable and awful. Meagre, opening scene.
indeed, and cold, was the sympathy that B. prove his large repertoire of
a transgressor might look for, from such descriptive diction.
bystanders, at the scaffold. On the other C. confuse the reader of the
hand, a penalty which, in our days, passage’s setting with jargon.
125 would infer a degree of mocking infamy D. build up to the punishments to
and ridicule, might then be invested take place.
with almost as stern a dignity as the
6. As used in line 35, “pertains” most
punishment of death itself.
nearly means
1. The primary purpose of the passage A. exists.
is to B. concerns.
C. belongs to.
A. discuss the door of the prison. D. neglects.
B. describe the inhabitants of
Boston.
C. present the context of
punishment in Boston.
D. introduce the importance of the
rose bush.

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7. The inhabitants’ perception of law
and punishment can best be
described as which of the following?
A. The inhabitants hold dual
feelings for all forms of
punishment.
B. The inhabitants are repulsed at
the severity of the punishments.
C. The inhabitants did not
participate in the spectacles, but
viewed it as a necessity.
D. The inhabitants feared
repercussion if they did not
observe the punishments.
8. Which choice best provides
evidence for the answer to the
previous question?
A. Lines 9-16 (“The … prison.”)
B. Lines 77-83 (“The … door.”)
C. Lines 112-120 (“In … awful.”)
D. Lines 123-128 (“On … itself.”)
9. The author mentions “Meagre,
indeed, and cold was the sympathy
that a transgressor might look for,
from such bystanders, at the
scaffold” in lines 120-123 in order
to portray a mood of
A. chronic poverty.
B. austerity and remorselessness.
C. compassion and concern.
D. empathy within indifference.
10. What is the relationship between the
last paragraph and the rest of the
passage?
A. The last paragraph presents the
reader with the criminals while
the rest of the passage describes
the gallows.
B. The last paragraph builds upon
the analogy of the rose bush.
C. The last paragraph provides
contradictory supporting details.
D. The last paragraph informs the
reader of the type of spectators
at the gallows while the rest of
the passage describes the context
of a prison door.

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 The following edited passage is taken two physicians and a surgeon were
from History of the Plague in London by ordered to go to the house, and make
Daniel Defoe on the plague’s re- inspection. This they did, and finding
emergence in Holland. evident tokens of the sickness upon both
50 the bodies that were dead, they gave their
It was about the beginning of September, opinions publicly that they died of the
1664, that I, among the rest of my plague. Whereupon it was given in to the
neighbors, heard in ordinary discourse parish clerk, and he also returned them to
that the plague was returned again in the hall; and it was printed in the weekly
5 Holland; for it had been very violent 55 bill of mortality in the usual manner.
there, and particularly at Amsterdam and
Rotterdam, in the year 1663, whither, The people showed a great concern at
they say, it was brought (some said from this, and began to be alarmed all over the
Italy, others from the Levant) among town, and the more because in the last
10 some goods which were brought home by week in December, 1664, another man
their Turkey fleet; others said it was 60 died in the same house and of the same
brought from Candia; others, from distemper. And then we were easy again
Cyprus. It mattered not from whence it for about six weeks, when, none having
came; but all agreed it was come into died with any marks of infection, it was
15 Holland again. said the distemper was gone; but after
65 that, I think it was about the 12th of
We had no such thing as printed February, another died in another house,
newspapers in those days, to spread but in the same parish and in the same
rumors and reports of things, and to manner.
improve them by the invention of men, as
20 I have lived to see practiced since. But This turned the people's eyes pretty much
such things as those were gathered from 70 towards that end of the town; and, the
the letters of merchants and others who weekly bills showing an increase of
corresponded abroad, and from them was burials in St. Giles's Parish more than
handed about by word of mouth only; so usual, it began to be suspected that the
25 that things did not spread instantly over plague was among the people at that end
the whole nation, as they do now. But it 75 of the town, and that many had died of it,
seems that the government had a true though they had taken care to keep it as
account of it, and several counsels were much from the knowledge of the public
held about ways to prevent its coming as possible. This possessed the heads of
30 over; but all was kept very private. Hence the people very much; and few cared to
it was that this rumor died off again; and 80 go through Drury Lane, or the other
people began to forget it, as a thing we streets suspected, unless they had
were very little concerned in and that we extraordinary business that obliged them
hoped was not true, till the latter end of to it.
35 November or the beginning of December,
1664, when two men, said to be This increase of the bills stood thus: the
Frenchmen, died of the plague in 85 usual number of burials in a week, in the
Longacre, or rather at the upper end of parishes of St. Giles-in-the-Fields and St.
Drury Lane. The family they were in Andrew's, Holborn, were from twelve to
40 endeavored to conceal it as much as seventeen or nineteen each, few more or
possible; but, as it had gotten some vent less; but, from the time that the plague
in the discourse of the neighborhood, the 90 first began in St. Giles's Parish, it was
secretaries of state got knowledge of it. observed that the ordinary burials
And concerning themselves to inquire increased in number considerably.
45 about it, in order to be certain of the truth,

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 14. Which choice best provides evidence
for the answer to the previous
question?
A. Lines 9-15 (“among … again.”)
B. Lines 16-20 (“We … since.”)
C. Lines 20-24 (“But … only;”)
D. Lines 26-30 (“But … private.”)
15. Which of the following is NOT
mentioned in the passage?
A. It was unclear where the plague
had come from.
B. The government attempted to
Number of Burials in Two Areas keep the presence of the plague in
Holland a secret.
C. People were disturbed by the
initial news of the plague entering
Holland.
D. People avoided areas where there
were known deaths caused by the
plague.
Overall Number of Burials
Source: Daniel Defoe 16. According to the passage, how did the
inhabitants of Holland initially
perceive the extent of the threat of the
11. The main idea of the passage is to plague?
A. conclude a premise. A. They took the threat seriously and
B. refute an argument. self-isolated.
C. present societal consequences. B. They practiced denial and carried
D. establish a reputation. on life normally.
12. As used in line 78, “possessed” most C. They showed a lack of care for the
nearly means consequences.
D. They panicked and lacked proper
A. occupied.
procedure.
B. enjoyed.
C. enchanted. 17. Which choice best provides evidence
D. owned. for the answer to the previous
question?
13. According to the passage, how did
news of the plague mainly reach A. Lines 30-34 (“Hence … true,”)
Holland? B. Lines 39-43 (“The … it.”)
C. Lines 56-61 (“The … distemper.”)
A. by a Turkey fleet
D. Lines 78-83 (“This … it.”)
B. by printed press
C. by verbal circulation 18. As used in line 91, “observed” most
D. by the government nearly means
A. viewed.
B. honored.
C. celebrated.
D. discerned. to understand

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19. The first chart with respect to the
passage
A. supports statistics given in the last
paragraph.
B. contradicts statistics given in the
last paragraph.
C. provides new information to the
passage.
D. is irrelevant.
20. In the second chart, it is observed that
A. burials had the largest increase
between Jan 17 and Jan 24.
B. burials remained stable over the
recorded weeks.
C. there is a gap in the data.
D. the number of burials steadily
declined.

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 The first passage is from The Minds and 40 systematically march, in single file, like
Manners of Wild Animals: A Book of the jungle tribes of men.
Personal Observation by Hornaday
discussing an elephant’s mental capacity. Once having approached to within fifty
Passage 2 taken from Anecdotes of the yards of the stragglers of a herd of about
Habit and Instinct of Animals by Mrs. R. thirty wild elephants, which was scattered
Lee discusses elephants in their natural 45 over about four acres of very open forest
habitat. and quietly feeding, two individuals of
the herd on the side nearest us suddenly
Passage 1 suspected danger. One of them elevated
his trunk, with the tip bent forward, and
While many wonderful stories are related 50 smelled the air from various points of the
of the elephant's sagacity and compass. A moment later an old elephant
independent powers of reasoning, it must left the herd and started straight for our
be admitted that a greater number of more ambush, scenting the air with upraised
5 wonderful anecdotes are told on equally trunk as he slowly and noiselessly
good authority of dogs. But the 55 advanced. We instantly retreated,
circumstances in the case are wholly to unobserved and unheard. The elephant
the advantage of the universal dog, and advanced until he reached the identical
against the rarely seen elephant. While spot where we had a moment before been
10 the former roams at will through his concealed. He paused, and stood
master's premises, through town and 60 motionless as a statue for about two
country, mingling freely with all kinds of minutes, then wheeled about and quickly
men and domestic animals, with but noiselessly rejoined the herd. In less
unlimited time to lay plans and execute than half a minute the whole herd was in
15 them, the elephant in captivity is chained motion, heading directly away from us,
to a stake, with no liberty of action 65 and moving very rapidly, but without the
whatever aside from begging with his slightest noise. The huge animals simply
trunk, eating and drinking. His only vanished like shadows into the leafy
amusement is in swaying his body, depths of the forest. Before proceeding a
20 swinging one foot, switching his tail, and quarter of a mile, the entire herd formed
(in a zoological park) looking for 70 in single file and continued strictly in that
something that he can open or destroy. order for several miles. Like the human
Such a ponderous beast cannot be dwellers in the jungle, the elephants know
allowed to roam at large among human that the easiest and most expeditious way
25 beings, and the working elephant never for a large body of animals to traverse a
leaves his stake and chain except under 75 tangled forest is for the leader to pick the
the guidance of his mahout. There is no way, while all the others follow in his
means of estimating the wonderful footsteps.
powers of reasoning that captive
30 elephants might develop if they could On one occasion a herd which I was
only enjoy the freedom accorded to all designing to attack, and had approached
dogs except the blood-hound, bull-dog 80 to within forty yards, as its members were
and a few others. feeding in some thick bushes, discovered
my presence and retreated so silently that
In the jungles of India the writer they had been gone five minutes before I
35 frequently has seen wild elephants discovered what their sudden quietude
reconnoiter dangerous ground by means 85 really meant. In this instance, as in
of a scout or spy; communicate several others, the still alarm was
intelligence by signs; retreat in orderly communicated by silent signals, or sign-
silence from a lurking danger, and language.

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 Passage 2 21. According to Passage 1, many more
anecdotes are told of a dog’s mental
The favourite habitation of the elephant is reasoning than an elephant’s because
90 the forest, or green plain, near which is a A. people are fonder of dogs.
river, or lake: water he must have, for B. elephants are limited to simple
both in freedom and captivity, bathing means of expression such as
seems to be a necessary condition of his swaying their body.
existence. C. elephants do not show a high level
95 This propensity reminds me of the often- of reasoning.
repeated trick of the before-mentioned D. dogs have the liberty to roam as
elephant of the Jardin des Plantes. His they please.
stable opened into a small enclosure, in 22. Which choice best provides evidence
the midst of which was a pond. In this for the answer to the previous
100 pond he constantly laid himself, and was question?
so hidden by the water, that nothing of
him appeared, except the end of his A. Lines 1-6 (“While … dogs.”)
proboscis, which it required an B. Lines 6-9 (“But … elephant.”)
experienced eye to detect. The crowd C. Lines 9-18 (“While … drinking.”)
105 often assembled round the enclosure of D. Lines 18-22 (“His … destroy.”)
the "elephant's park," as it was called, 23. As used in line 28, “means” most
supposing they should see him issue from nearly means
his stable.
A. money.
All at once, however, a copious shower B. resources.
110 would assail them, and ladies with their C. method.
transparent bonnets, and gentlemen with D. substance.
their shining hats, were forced to seek
shelter under the neighbouring trees, 24. The main idea of Passage 2 is
where they looked up at the cloudless A. to illustrate the keenness of an
115 sky, and wondered from whence the elephant.
shower could come. When they directed B. to establish evidence against an
their eyes towards the elephant's pond, elephant’s natural behavior.
they saw him standing in the midst, C. to formulate a hypothesis on
evincing an awkward joy at the trick he elephant behavior.
120 had played. In process of time his pastime D. to recount an unnecessary event.
became generally known, and the
moment the water rose from his trunk, his 25. In Passage 1, what is the relation of
beholders ran away, which he also the first paragraph to the rest of the
seemed to enjoy exceedingly, getting up passage?
125 as fast as he could to behold the bustle he A. The first paragraph focuses on the
had created. intelligence of dogs before
shifting to elephants.
B. The first paragraph builds the
premise and the rest of the
passage supports it.
C. The first paragraph contradicts the
rest of the passage.
D. The first paragraph is unrelated to
the rest of the passage.

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26. According to Passage 2, what can be 30. Which of the following points would
inferred about the elephant’s the authors of both passages most
character? likely agree with?
A. stoic and indifferent A. Elephants can be malicious
B. reserved and observant towards intruders.
C. mischievous and playful B. An elephant’s intelligence is
D. aggressive and hateful clearly misunderstood.
C. Despite the fact that most
elephants are observed in
27. Which choice best provides evidence
confinement, elephants exhibit
for the answer to the previous
astounding intelligence in
question?
behavior.
A. Lines 95-97 (“This … Plantes.”) D. Elephants enjoy playing tricks on
B. Lines 104-108 (“The … stable.”) humans.
C. Lines 109-116 (“All … come.”)
31. As used in line 105, “assembled”
D. Lines 116-120 (“When …
most nearly means
played.”)
A. collected.
28. In Passage 1, all the following are
B. built.
mentioned EXCEPT:
C. connected.
A. Elephants held captive cannot D. gathered.
reach their full potential.
B. Elephants can communicate
without a sound.
C. Elephants need to see the threat to
locate it.
D. Elephants are able to move
silently enough to not be observed
at all.
29. What can be said about Passage 1
and Passage 2?
A. The passages have a similar
writing style as they both use the
first person.
B. The two passages differ in
theme.
C. Both passages contradict one
another.
D. The passages have a similar tone
of indifference.

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 or cattle than for a smaller number,
The following edited passage is taken 45 "contrary to the common custom of the
from Popular Law-Making by Frederic realm." Nine years before this statute is
Jesup Stimson on early labour legislation the Assize of Bread, attempting to fix the
and laws against trusts. price of bread according to the cost of
wheat, but notable to us as containing
50 both the first pure-food statute and the
Far the most important phrase to us found first statute against "forestalling."
in the Statute of Westminster I, save
perhaps that common right should be Now forestalling, regrating, and
done to rich and poor, is to be found in engrossing are the early English phrases
5 this sentence: "Excessive toll, contrary to for most of the unlawful or unmoral
the common custom of the realm," is 55 actions which we ascribe to the modern
forbidden. The statute applies only to trust. In fact, there is hardly one legal
market towns, but the principle injury which a trust is said to commit in
established there would naturally go these days which cannot be ranked under
10 elsewhere, and indeed most towns where those three heads, or that of monopoly or
there was any trade were, in those days, 60 that of restraint of trade.
market towns. Every word is noticeable:
"Excessive toll"—extortion in rates. As "Forestalling" is the buying up provisions
this statute passed into the common law on the way to a market with intent to sell
15 of England and hence our own, it has at a higher price; and the doctrine applied
probably always been law in America primarily to provisions, that is to say,
except, possibly, in those few States 65 necessaries of life. Precisely the same
which expressly repealed the whole thing exists to-day, only we term it the
common law and those where civil law buying of futures, or the attempt to create
20 prevailed. a corner. We shall find that the buying of
futures, that is to say, of crops not yet
70 grown or outputs not yet created, is still
It was therefore equally unnecessary to
obnoxious to many of our legislatures to-
adopt new statutes providing against
day, and has been forbidden, or made
extortion or discrimination, for the last
criminal, in many States. "Regrating" is
part of the phrase "contrary to the
defined in some of the early dictionaries
25 common custom of the realm" means
75 as speculating in provisions; the offence
discrimination. But this is one of the
of buying provisions at a market for the
numerous cases where our legislatures, if
purpose of reselling them within four
not our bar and bench, erred through
miles of the place. The careful regulation
simple historical ignorance. They had
of markets and market towns that existed
30 forgotten this law, or, more charitably,
80 in early times in England would not
they may have thought it necessary to
suffer some rich capitalist to go in and
remind the people of it. There has been a
buy all that was offered for sale with
recent agitation in this country with the
intent of selling it to the same
object of compelling great public-service
neighborhood at a higher price. Hatto of
35 companies, such as electric lighting or
85 the Rhine, you may remember, paid with
gas companies, to make the same rates to
his life for this offence. The prejudice
consumers, large or small. This also was
against this sort of thing has by no means
very possibly the common law, and
ended to-day. We have legislation against
required no new statutes; there are cases
speculation in theatre tickets, as well as in
40 reported as far back as the fourteenth and
90 cotton or grain. "Engrossing" is really the
fifteenth centuries where, for instance, a
result of a successful forestalling, with or
ferryman was punished for charging less
without regrating; that is to say, it is a
for the ferriage of a large drove of sheep

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 complete "corner of the market"; from it 34. The passage is most likely written for
our word "grocer" is derived. Such
A. fellow researchers at a university
95 corners, if completely successful, would research center.
have the public at their mercy; luckily B. young historians who have a basic
they rarely are; the difficulty, in fact, background on labor laws.
begins when you begin to regrate. But in C. students in high school history
artificial commodities it is easier; so in class.
100 the Northern Pacific corner, a nearly D. a light reader with some interest
perfect engrossing; the shares of stock in policy.
went to a thousand dollars, and might
have gone higher but for the voluntary 35. As used in line 22, “adopt” most
interference of great financiers. Leiter's nearly means
105 Chicago corner in wheat, Sully's corner in A. take in.
cotton, were almost perfect examples of B. choose.
engrossing, but failed when the regrating C. assume.
began. All these tend to monopoly, and D. nominate.
act, of course, in restraint of trade; the
110 broader meanings of these two latter 36. The author appeals to the reader by
more important principles we leave for A. using inclusive language.
later discussion. B. comparing different legislations.
C. defending their position.
32. The primary purpose of the passage D. using statistics and quantitative
is to analysis.
A. explore the history behind 37. Which choice best provides evidence
common law in the market and for the answer to the previous
the three unlawful actions. question?
B. discuss the history of labor laws
and laws against trust. A. Lines 21-26 (“It …
C. examine the notion of discrimination.”)
“forestalling” and its presence in B. Lines 37-39 (“This … statutes;”)
modern law. C. Lines 39-46 (“there … realm.”)
D. provide examples of unlawful D. Lines 84-86 (“Hatto … offense.”)
practices. 38. In the first paragraph, the author uses
33. In lines 39-46, the author uses an a quote in lines 5-6 to
example to A. stress the gravity of the statement
A. solidify his position against new by presenting a word-for-word
statutes. account instead of paraphrasing.
B. support the common law against B. contradict his claims made in the
discrimination. rest of the passage.
C. contradict claims of C. bolster the need for new statutes.
discrimination in trade. D. exemplify the lack of value given
D. absolve previous experience of to such statute.
thievery and injustice. 39. “Regrating” can be compared to
A. buying a chair at a furniture store
to sell at your own store a few
streets away.
B. buying out shampoo products that
have not yet been produced.

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 C. an on-going debate that has yet to
be resolved in court.
D. selling the same apples at a lower
price than other stores in the same
city.
40. Which choice best provides evidence
for the answer to the previous
question?
A. Lines 65-68 (“Precisely …
corner.”)
B. Lines 68-73 (“We … States.”)
C. Lines 78-84 (“The … price.”)
D. Lines 86-88 (“The … to-day.”)
41. As used in line 94, “derived” most
nearly means
A. gained.
B. extracted.
C. acquired.
D. proceeded from.
42. The author mentions all the following
EXCEPT
A. the statute that forbids unlawful
market practice is present in
America except in a few states.
B. the statute encompasses acts of
discrimination.
C. “regrating” is the act of buying
items only to re-sell them a year
later at a different price.
D. when a “forestall” succeeds, it is a
form of “engrossing”.

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 The following edited passage is taken 45 however large it is (within reason),
from On Laboratory Arts by Richard ought to crack in the direction of the
Threlfall on the choice of sizes of glass scratch. If a big crack forms and does
tube and testing glass. not run straight, but tends to turn
longitudinally, it is a sign that the glass
It will be found that for general 50 is ill annealed, and nothing can be done
purposes tubes about one-quarter inch in with it. If such glass be hit upon in the
inside diameter, and from one-twentieth course of blow-pipe work, it is
to one-fortieth of an inch thick, are most inadvisable to waste time upon it; the
5 in demand. Some very thin soda glass of best plan is to reject it at once, and save
these dimensions (so-called "cylinder" 55 it for some experiment where it will not
tubes) will be found very handy for have to be heated.
many purposes. For physico-chemical
The shortest way of selecting glass is to
work a good supply of tubing, from one- go to a good firm, and let it be
10 half to three-quarters of an inch inside understood that if the glass proves to be
diameter, and from one-twentieth to 60 badly annealed it will be returned.
one-eighth inch thick, is very necessary. Though it was stated above that the
A few tubes up to three inches diameter, glass should not be distinctly conical, of
and of various thicknesses, will also be course allowance must be made for the
15 required for special purposes. length of the pieces, and, on the other
Thermometer and "barometer" tubing is 65 hand, a few highly conical tubes will be
occasionally required, the latter, by the of immense service in special cases, and
way, making particularly bad a small supply of such should be
barometers. The thermometer tubing included.
20 should be of all sizes of bore, from the
The glass, as it is obtained, should be
finest obtainable up to that which has a 70 placed in a rack, and covered by a cloth
bore of about one-sixteenth of an inch. to reduce the quantity of dust finding its
Glass rods varying from about one- way into the tubes. It has been stated by
twentieth of an inch in diameter up to, Professor Ostwald that tubes when
25 say, half an inch will be required, also reared up on end tend to bend
two or three sticks of white enamel glass 75 permanently. I have not noticed this
for making joints. with lead glass well supported. Each
To facilitate choice, there is appended a different supply should be kept by itself
diagram of sizes from the catalogue of a and carefully described on a label pasted
30 reliable German firm, Messrs. Desaga of on to the rack, and tubes from different
Heidelberg, and the experimenter will 80 lots should not be used for critical
be able to see at a glance what sizes of welds. This remark is more important in
glass to order. It is a good plan to stock the case of soda than of lead glass.
the largest and smallest size of each In the case of very fine thermometer
35 material as well as the most useful tubes it will be advisable to cover the
working sizes. 85 ends with a little melted shellac, or, in
"Reject glass which has lumps or knots, special cases, to obtain the tubes sealed
is obviously conical, or has long drawn- from the works. Soda glass can
out bubbles running through the generally be got in rather longer lengths
40 substance." If a scratch be made on the than lead glass; the longer the lengths
surface of a glass tube, and one end of 90 are the better, for the waste is less.
the scratch be touched by a very fine It is useful to be able to distinguish the
point of fused glass, say not more than different kinds of glass by the colour.
one-sixteenth inch in diameter, the tube,

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 This is best observed by looking 44. Which of the following best
towards a bright surface along the whole summarizes the relationship of the
95 length of the tube and through the glass. first paragraph to the rest of the
Lead glass is yellow, soda glass is passage?
green, and hard glass purple in the A. prediction followed by analysis
samples in my laboratory, and I expect B. general introduction followed by
this is practically true of most samples. specific examples
C. specific examples followed by
generalization
D. premise followed by hypotheses
45. The purpose of the graphic is to
A. support the use of different
glasses.
B. discredit the author’s advice for
different glasses.
C. inform the reader that different
glass sizes exist.
D. exemplify a glass size catalogue
mentioned in the passage.
46. The graphic illustrates the main idea
of which paragraph?
A. first paragraph
B. second paragraph
C. third paragraph
D. fourth paragraph
47. As used in line 50, “ill” most nearly
means

Tube Sizes A. sickly.

Source: Richard Threlfall B. harmfully.
C. scarcely.
D. poorly.
43. The main idea of the passage is to
48. Which of the following is NOT
A. discuss storage of glasses. mentioned in the passage?
B. recommend thermometer tubing
of all sizes. A. A catalogue is used to help
C. criticize different glass sizes. choose glass sizes.
D. inform on different sizes an B. A glass is not annealed correctly
experimenter should obtain. if glass cracks longitudinally.
C. Distinguishing different colour
glasses is essential.
D. Glasses should be stored and
covered to avoid dust.

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March 2021
49. Which choice best provides
evidence for the answer to the
previous question?
A. Lines 28-33 (“To … order.”)
B. Lines 47-51 (“If … it.”)
C. Lines 69-72 (“The … tubes.”)
D. Lines 91-92 (“It … colour.”)
50. As used in line 74, “reared” most
nearly means
A. nurtured.
B. raised.
C. grown.
D. bred.
51. It can most reasonably be inferred
from the passage that the author
A. uses objective language to
convince the reader of his
premise.
B. mentions a reputable source for
credibility.
C. exhibits egotistical behavior with
his excessive knowledge.
D. seeks to lead the reader astray
with false information.
52. Which choice best provides
evidence for the answer to the
previous question?
A. Lines 16-19 (“Thermometer …
barometers.”)
B. Lines 72-75 (“It …
permanently.”)
C. Lines 83-87 (“In … works.”)
D. Lines 96-99 (“Lead …
samples.”)

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March 2021