1

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

[Link].B Program Structure

FIRST YEAR
SEMESTER- I SEMESTER- II
COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
CODE CODE
BAL101 English Communication -I 4 BAL201 English Communication -II 4
BAL102 Sociology-I 4 BAL202 Sociology-II 4
BAL103 Political Science - I 4 BAL203 Political Science –II 4
BAL104 Economics 4 BAL204 Indian Economy 4
BAL105 Law of Contract 4 BAL205 Law of Special Contract 4
BAL106 Law of torts and 4 BAL206 Legal and Constitutional 4
Consumer Protection Law History
VAC 01 Value added course I- 2 OC 01 Mooc- I 2
carrier skills LIP 01 Legal Internship Program-I 2
Total 26 Total 28

SECOND YEAR
SEMESTER- III SEMESTER- IV
COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
CODE CODE
BAL 301 Foreign Language- I 4 BAL 401 Foreign Language- II 4
(French/ Spanish) (French/ Spanish)
BAL302 Political Science -III 4 BAL 402 Introduction to Psychology 4
BAL303 History-I 4 BAL403 History- II 4
BAL404 Basics of Journalism 4
BAL304 Indian Penal Code-I 4 BAL405 Indian Penal Code – II 4
BAL305 Constitutional Law – I 4 BAL406 Constitutional Law – II 4
BAL306 Family Law – I 4 BAL407 Family Law – II 4
VAC 02 Value added course II- 2 OC 02 Mooc- II 2
yoga LIP 02 Legal I2nternship Program-II 2
Total 26 Total 32
 2

THIRD YEAR
SEMESTER- V SEMESTER- VI

COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS

CODE CODE
BAL501 Entrepreneurship and Skill 4 BAL601 Legal Language 4
Development
BAL502 Property and Easement Law 4 BAL602 Law of Evidence 4
BAL503 Criminal Procedure Code- I 4 BAL603 Criminal Procedure Code-II 4
BAL504 Labour Laws-I 4 BAL604 Labour Laws-II 4
BAL505 Administrative Law 4 BAL605 Company Law 4
LC 01 Clinical- I Moot Court 2 LC 02 Clinical-II Professional 2
Ethics
VAC 03 Value added course III- 2 OC 03 Mooc- III 2
Gender justice & Feminist LIP 03 Legal Internship Program-III 2
jurisprudence
Total 24 Total 26

FOURTH YEAR
SEMESTER- VII SEMESTER- VIII

COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS

CODE CODE
BAL 701 Civil Procedure Code-I 4 BAL 801 Civil Procedure Code-II 4
BAL 702 Law of Taxation- I 4 BAL 802 Law of Taxation- II 4
BAL 703 Intellectual Property 4 BAL 803 Public International Law 4
Rights
BAL 704 Jurisprudence 4 BAL 804 Land Laws 4
LC 03 Clinical-III ,Alternative 2 LC 804 Clinical- IV Drafting and 2
dispute Resolution Pleadings & Conveyancing
EL 01 Elective – I 3 EL 02 Elective – II 3
VAC 04 Value added course IV- 2 OC 04 Mooc- IV 2
Right to Information Act LIP 04 Legal Internship Program-IV 2
2005
Total 23 Total 25
 3

FIFTH YEAR
SEMESTER- IX SEMESTER- X

COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS

CODE CODE
BAL 901 Cyber Law 4 BAL 1001 Environmental Law 4
BAL 902 Human Rights 4 BAL1002 Banking and Insurance Law 4
BAL 903 Interpretation of Statute BAL 1003 Dissertation 4
EL 03 Elective – III 3 EL 05 Elective-V 3
EL 04 Elective – IV 3 EL 06 Elective-VI 3
VAC 05 Value added course V- 2 OC 05 Mooc- V 2
Legal & Research LIP 05 Legal Internship Program-V 2
Methodology
Total 20 Total 22
 4

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- I
COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
CODE
BAL 101 English Communication-I 4 0 0 4
BAL 102 Sociology -I 4 0 0 4
BAL 103 Political Science - I 4 0 0 4
BAL 104 Economics 4 0 0 4
BAL 105 Law of Contract 4 0 0 4
BAL 106 Law of Torts and Consumer 4 0 0 4
Protection Law
VAC 01 Value added course- Career Skills 2 0 0 2
Total 26 0 0 26
 5

Course: English Communication-I Semester: I

Course Code: BAL 101 Credits:4

Objective: The course aims at familiarizing the students with English language sound system to
enhance their power of articulation. It provides intensive practice and extensive exposure to listening,
speaking, reading and writing skills. It would enhance not only their comprehensive knowledge of
vocabulary but also strengthen their all four skills. The design and content of the course are aimed at
making students gain language proficiency and also to improve their communication skills.

Unit- I
Basics of Communication: 08
The channels networks, forms, factors and process of Communication, Verbal & Nonverbal
Communication techniques, Body Language and its various forms, Barriers to Communication, types
and ways to overcome them. Art of Conversation, Qualities of a good conversationalist, Practice the
voice modulation techniques using appropriate body language.

Reading & Listening Skill: 08

English Language phonetic system sound system classification and features, Syllable Structure,
Acquire correct pronunciation & accent by overcoming specific speech problems. The mechanics,
techniques and types of Reading, Develop the ability to infer and interpret the text, know the traits of
reading to improve speed and vocabulary. Know the importance and techniques of improving
listening skill, Cognitive process, Homophones and Homonyms; learn how to overcome the
Listening barriers.
Unit- II
Vocabulary Extension: 06
Learn to identify and convey the finer shades of meaning with accuracy, Synonyms, Antonyms, and
one word substitutes, Practice the methods of Vocabulary expansion, Word formation and word
analysis techniques, Commonly confused words, Legal Terminology.
Grammar: 06
Subject, Verb agreement, Tenses and their forms, Acquire the ability to analyze the sentence
syntactically.
Prepositional Phrase: 04
Know the various relationships expressed by specific use of Prepositions, Develop the competence in
using idiomatic combinations, Use correct Preposition after a verb, adjective and noun depending on
the meaning.

Unit III
Phrasal Verbs: 06
Separable & Inseparable, Learn the several verb combinations with distinct meanings, Practice using
Phrasal Verbs effectively.
Effective Use of Words & Sentences: 06
Understand the principles to be applied in selecting words, Identify redundancy and learn to avoid
cliché and vague words, Express the ideas clearly by using words effectively, Sentence structure and
types, Subordination & Coordination, Active & Passive, Parallel Constructions, Principles of
constructing effective sentences.
Effective Paragraphs: 04
Principles of Effective Paragraphs Learn how to build Effective Paragraphs through Unity,
Coherence and Emphasis, Acquire the skill of writing effectively.
 6

Unit IV
Business Correspondence: 08
Business Letters: Structure, Components and Formats, Types of Business Letters and their essential
features, Develop the skill of drafting Enquiry letters, Quotation letters, Order letters,
Acknowledgement letters, Cover letters, etc., Learn effective beginnings and closings of these letters,
Gain proficiency in writing business letters concisely, naturally, clearly and positively.
Oral Presentations: 08
Learn how to prepare the Presentations, Know how to master the various techniques of effective
speech delivery along with practice, learn how to manage question & answer session.

Suggested Readings:
1. Aruna K. Dr., English Language Skills-I, ICFAI University Press, 2007.
2. Aruna K. Dr., Professional Communication, Tata McGraw,Hill Education Private Limited, 2008.
3. Hornby A.S., Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Oxford University Press.
4. Daniel Jones, Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge University Press.
5. Quirk R., Greenbaum S., Leech G. and Svartik J., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English
Language, Longman, London.
 7

Course: Sociology-I Semester: I

Course Code: BAL 102 Credits: 4

Objective: The aim is designed to familiarize the student with the historical background of the
subject and certain relevant basic concepts.

Unit- I

Sociology: 16
Definition, origin, nature and scope of the subject, Sociology as a science - Data, concepts and
theory, Methods and techniques used in Social Research. Sociology and other social sciences
relation with history, psychology, economics, political science etc.

Unit- II

Basic Concepts in Sociology: 16

Society, Community, Association and Institutions, Structure and Function, Status and Role
Norms and Values, Socialization, Culture and Social Processes

Unit- III

Social Institutions: 16
Marriage, Family and Kinship, Economic Institutions, Political Institutions, Religious
Institutions, Educational Institutions
Unit- IV

Social Stratification: 16
Caste and class, Social control, order and stability, Coercion, Conflict and Change Sociology as
discipline. Law and Society- Sociology of Law, Sociology of Legal Profession.

Suggested Readings:
1. T.B. Botomore: Sociology, A Guide to Problems and Literature, London Allen and Unwin
1962.
2. Hary M. Johnson: Sociology -A Systematic Instruction
3. Sharma: Sociology
4. MacIver and Page : Sociology
5. Peter Worsley et al: Introducing Sociology, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books 1970.
 8

Course: Political Science –I Semester: I

Course Code: BAL 103 Credits: 4

Objective This paper focuses on understanding the basic concepts, theories and functioning of
State. The course prepares the student to receive instruction in Constitutional Law and
Administrative Law in the context of political forces operative in society

Unit- I
Political Theory: 14
Nature of State, Theories of Origin of State, State as conceived by different Schools of Thought,
Forms of Government, Constitution of Government , Indian constitution.

Unit- II
Main currents of Indian Political thought: 16
Classical Hindu concept of the State, Islamic concept of State, Liberalism in India, Marxism in
India, Gandhism and Sarvodaya in Indian Political thought.

Unit- III
Political Ideologies: 18
Liberalism, Concept, Elements and Criticisms; Types: Classical and Modern, Totalitarianism:
Concept, Elements and Criticisms, Types, Fascism and Nazism, Socialism, Concept, Elements
and Criticisms; Schools of Socialism, Federalism, Syndicalism and Guild Socialism, Marxism
and Concept of State, Feminism: Political Dimensions

Unit- IV
Organization of Government: 16
Unitary, Federal, Quasi-Federal and Co federal Constitutions and political organization, one
party democracies, Military rule, Presidential and Parliamentary forms of Government with
reference to India, U.K. and USA.
The Legislature, Executive and Judiciary, the Doctrine of Separation of Powers, Parliamentary
Sovereignty and Independence of judiciary.

Suggested Readings:

1. Finer: H. Theory and Practice of Modern Management, H. Holt, 1949

2. Appadorai: Substance of Politics published by Oxford University Press
3. Dunning: History of Political Thought, Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical
Association
4. Varma .P. S: Modern Political Thought ,Vikas Pub.; First edition (4 January 1975)
5. Lasky J H..: The State in Theory and Practice ,Transaction Publishers (September 30, 2008)
6. [Link]: History of Political Thought
7. Wheare C K.: Federal Government.
 9

Course: Economics Semester: I

Course Code: BAL 104 Credits: 4
Objective: To introduce the student to basic understanding about how people make choices at
the individual or household level. It also teaches students how these people interact in markets.

Unit- I
Introduction: 06
Definition and Scope of Economics, Positive and Normative, Economics as a Science and its
relevance to Law, Economics as a basis of Social Welfare and Social Justice.
Free Enterprise: 06
Planned Economies and Mixed Economies, Demand and Supply.

Unit- II
Consumer Behavior: 12
Utility Theory, Marginal Utility and the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, – Equal Marginal
utility. The Paradox of Value, Consumer Surplus, Applications of Consumer Surplus. The
Indifference Curve Analysis-Indifference Curve, factors affecting Elasticity of Demand.
Production analysis: 04
Basic concepts, The Law of Diminishing Returns, Returns to scale, Short run and Long run,
Technological change, Economies of scale. Break Even Analysis and plant sizing.

Unit- III
Market Structure analysis and price Determination: 08
Perfect Competition- Characteristics of a Perfectly Competitive Market, Short Run Equilibrium
of the Competitive Firm, Effects of Taxes on Price and Output.
Monopoly: 08
Short run and long run equilibrium Price Discrimination, Imperfect competition, monopolistic
competition. Micro vs. Macro economics, Goals and objectives.

Unit- IV
Measuring National output/Income: 12
Concept and variants of national product, methods of measuring national Income and problems
of measuring, Real Vs Nominal, price indices and its applications. Economic Instability and
Fluctuations- Features of business cycle, Business cycle theories, Unemployment, Price of
inflation and its impact. The Phillips Curve, Monetary policy. Fiscal Policy, Globalization,
Crowding out.
Theories of International Trade and WTO: 08
Issues related to tariff, Determination of Exchange Rate, Floating exchange rate, Fixed exchange
rate, Balance of payments.

Suggested Readings:
1. Rudder Dutt and Sunderam.M.P K,Indian Economy, S Chand & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Dwivedi, D.N, Microeconomics Theory & Applications, Dorling Kindersely (India) Pvt. Ltd
3. Dewett K. K., Modern Economic Theory, S. Chand
4. Samuelson Pual, Economics, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi
5. Dornbusch, Fischer and Startz, Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill
6. N. Gregory Mankiw. Macroeconomics, Worth Publishers
7. Olivier Blanchard, Macroeconomics, Pearson Education.
 10

Course: Law of Contract Semester: I

Course Code: BAL 105 Credits: 4
Objective: The objective of this paper is to make students familiar with various principles of
contract formation enunciated in the Indian Contract Act, 1872.

Unit- I
Introduction: 04
General introduction, history and nature of Contractual Obligations. Formation of an Agreement,
Intention to create legal relationship, offer and invitation to treat, kinds of offer, Communication,
acceptance and revocation of offer and acceptance, modes of revocation to Offer, Indian
Contract Act, 1872.
Making of an Agreement, Special Situations: 08
Proposal or offer, legal rules for a valid offer, tenders, Acceptance, legal rules for a valid
acceptance, communication of offer and acceptance, communication when complete, completion
of contract by post, completion of contract by telephone or telex, revocation of offer and
acceptance, revocation of offer, revocation of acceptance. Consideration- Meaning, basis and the
nature of consideration, Doctrine of Privity of Contract and of consideration, its exceptions,
Exceptions of consideration, Indian Contract Act, 1872.

Unit- II
Capacity to Contract: 08
Legal disability to enter into contract, Minors, persons of unsound mind, person under legal
disability, lunatics, idiots, Restitution in cases of minor’s agreement, Liability for necessaries
supplied to the minor, Indian Contract Act, 1872, Specific Relief Act, 1963, Indian Majority Act,
1875.
Free Consent: 06
Free consent, Definition, Coercion, Undue influence, Fraud, Misrepresentation and Mistake,
Effect on contracts influenced by any factor vitiating free consent, Indian Contract Act, 1872.

Unit- III
Limitations on Freedom of Contract: 08
Circumstances in which agreements become void or voidable, Distinction between void and
voidable agreements, Unlawful Agreements, Public policy, Agreements with unlawful
consideration in part and objects, Agreements without consideration, Agreements in restraint of
marriage, Agreements in restraint of trade, Agreements in restraint of legal proceedings,
uncertain agreements & Wagering agreements, Indian Contract Act, 1872.
Discharge of a Contract: 06
Modes, Discharge by performance, Frustration, Supervening impossibility of performance,
Grounds of Frustration and its effect, Discharge by Agreement and Novation, Indian Contract
Act, 1872.
Quasi-Contracts: 04
Obligations resembling those created by Contract (Quasi-Contracts), Concept and classification,
Indian Contract Act, 1872.
Remedies for Breach of Contract: 06
Damages, Types of Damages, Basis of Assessment of Damages, Remoteness of Damages and
Measures of Damages, Mitigation of Damages, Penalty & Liquidated Damages, Indian Contract
Act, 1872.
 11

Unit- IV
Specific Relief Act, 1963: 14
Specific Relief, Recovery of Possession of Movable Property, Specific Performance of
Contracts, Contracts which cannot be specifically enforced, Arbitration, Lack of Free Consent,
Family settlement, Persons for or against whom Contracts may be specifically enforced,
Declaratory Decrees, Injunction.

Suggested Readings:
1. Singh Avtar, Law of Contract and Specific Relief (10th ed., 2008).
2. Bangia R.K., Law of Contract, Allahabad law Agency (2nd Ed, 2003).
3. J. Beatson, Anson’s Law of Contract (28th ed., 2002).
4. Dutt H.K. Saharay, on Contract , The Indian Contract Act, 1872.
5. [Link], Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston’s Law of Contract (15th ed., 2007).
 12

Course: Law of Torts and Consumer Protection Law Semester: I

Course Code: BAL 106 Credits: 4

Objective: To make students understand the nature of tort and conditions of liability with
established cases along with the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Unit- I
Introduction: 02
Tort, Nature and Definition of Torts, Tort and Crime, Tort and Contracts, Tort and Breach of
Trust, Elements of Tort, Mental Element in Tort, Malice in Law and Malice in Tort,
Malfeasance, Misfeasance and Malfeasance, Foreign Torts.
General Defences: 08
Volenti non fit injuria, Private Defence, Inevitable Accident, Act of God, Plaintiff a Wrong
Doer, Mistake, Necessity, Act of State, Judicial Acts, Executive Acts, Administrative Acts,
Statutory Authority.

Unit- II
Capacity: 02
Concept of Capacity and Wrong Doing, Minor, Lunatics, Insolvent, Husband and Wife, Convict,
Legal Personalities, Corporation, Highway Authorities, Foreign Sovereign, Alien Enemy,
Ambassadors, Trade Union, State and its Officers, Independent and Joint Tort Feasors, Easement
Rights.
Vicarious Liability: 04
Concept, Liability by Ratification, Liability by Relationship, Master and Servant, Principal and
Agent, Company and Directors, Firm and Partners, Independent Contractor, Guardian and Ward,
Vicarious Liabilities of the State, Concept in India and England.
Death in Relation to Torts: 02
Actio Personalis Moritur Cum Persona, Exceptions to the Maxim, Principles in Awarding
Damages.
Discharge of Torts: 02
Different Types of Discharge, Discharge by Waiver, Accord and Satisfaction, Release,
Acquiescence, Judgment Recovered, Limitation.
Remedies: 02
Concept and Nature of Remedies, Judicial Remedies, Pecuniary Costs and Damage, Damages,
Claim and Compensation, Proximity of Damages, Kinds of Damages, Injunctions, Restitution of
Property, Extra-Judicial Remedies.

Unit- III
Torts against Person: 04
Assault and Battery, False Imprisonment, Damages.
Defamation: 03
Nature and Meaning, Essentials of Defamation, its kindsDefamation, Defences, Privileges,
Remedies.
Malicious Prosecution: 03
Meaning and Nature of Malicious Prosecution, Action Based Upon a Prior Civil Proceedings,
Action Based Upon a Prior Criminal Proceedings, Maintenance and Champert, Damages for
Malicious Prosecution.
 13

Torts against Property: 06

Trespass to Land, Doctrine of Trespass ab initio, Trespass to Personal Property, Conversion of
Chattels, Trover, Slander of Title, Slander of Goods.
Negligence: 06
Meaning, Essentials of Negligence, Breach of Duty, Professional Negligence, Directors
Negligence, Medical Negligence, Solicitors/Lawyers Negligence, Contributory Negligence,
Remedies.
Nuisance: 04
Meaning and Nature of Tort of Nuisance, Public Nuisance, Private Nuisance, Defences to
Nuisance.
Liability: 04
Liability for Dangerous Premises, Liability for Dangerous Chatters, Rules of Strict and Absolute
Liability, Liability for Fraud and Negligent Misstatements.

Unit- IV
Consumer Protection Act 1986: 12
Definition, Defective and Deficiency in Service, Procedure of Consumer Case Filing, Consumer
Protection Councils, Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies, Other Provisions.

Suggested Readings:
1. Iyer Ramaswamy, The Law of Torts, VII edition,Bombay, 1995.
2. Pillai Achuta, Law of Tort, VIII edition, Easter n Book Company, Luncknow,
1987.
3. Basu Durga Das, The Law of Torts, 10th edition, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 1998.
4. Lal Ratan & lal Dhiraj, The Law of Torts, 22nd edition, Wadhwa & Company Nagpur,
1992.
5. Bangia R.K., Law of Torts, 14 t h edition, Allahabad Law Agency, Allahabad,
1999.
6. Pandey J.N., Law of Torts, 1st edition Central Law Publications, Allahabad,
1999.
7. Leelakrishnan P. (edited), Consumer Protection and Legal Control (Lucknow,
EasternBook Company.
8. Singh Avtar, Law of Consumer Protection: Principles and Practice, Lucknow, Eastern
Book Company, 1997.
9. Vats R. M., Consumer and the Law,Delhi, Universal Book Traders, 1994.
10. Saraf D. N., Law of Consumer Protection in India,Bombay, Tripathi, 1995.
11. Indian Law Institute, A Treatise on Consumer Protection laws, 2004.
12. Reddy G.B., Law of Consumer Protection in India, Gogia Law Agency, Hyderabad,
1999.
 14

Course: Career Skills Semester: I

Course Code: VAC 01 Credits: 2

Course Outcome: After completing this course, the student will be able to
CO1: Apply logic to the different types of arrangement based questions and arrive at solutions to
deterministic and non-deterministic question sets.
CO2: Apply the concept of blood relations and learn to draw a family tree using the different
notations.
CO3: Differentiate between the various types of conditions given in a grouping problem and
assimilate the conditions given to solve the question set.
CO4: Solve the different types of questions based on orientation of direction and understanding
of distances and turns.
CO5: Construct a Venn diagram using multiple statements and create mirror images, water
images using logic and the information provided.

Unit- I
Introduction: 06
Reasoning, basics, concepts and practice of Arrangement based questions (Linear, Vertical, and
Circular, any other). Concepts and practice of Tabular or Grid based questions.

Unit -II
Blood Relations: 08
Concepts, types of questions and their practice. Concepts and practice of Grouping or condition
based questions.

Unit -III
Direction & Coding: 12
Concepts and practice of Direction Sense, Coding-Decoding and Series Completion.

Unit-IV
Reasoning and Miscellaneous problems: 08
Syllogism and Mathematical reasoning, miscellaneous problems including cubes and basic
Puzzles.

Suggested Readings:
1. Anand, P. A. & Singh, L. Verbal Ability &Reasoning for Competitive Exams, Wiley Publications
(Ed. 1st) 2017.
2. Agarwal, R. S., Verbal & Non Verbal Reasoning, S. Chand Publications (Rev. Ed.) 2017.
3. Devi, S., Puzzles to Puzzle You, Orient Paper Books (Ed. 1st) 1976.
4. Summers, G. Puzzles and Teasers, Jacio Publishing House (Ed. 1st) 1989.
5. Anand, P. A., A Textbook of Reasoning, Savera Publications (Rev. Ed.) 2016.
 15

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- II
COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
CODE
BAL 201 English Communication-II 4 0 0 4
BAL 202 Sociology- II 4 0 0 4
BAL 203 Political Science -II 4 0 0 4
BAL 204 Indian Economy 4 0 0 4
BAL 205 Law of Special Contract 4 0 0 4
BAL 206 Legal and Constitutional History 4 0 0 4
OC 01 Mooc - I 0 1 1 2
LIP 01 Legal Internship Program-I 0 0 2 2
Total 24 1 3 28
 16

Course: English Communication - II Semester: II

Course Code: BAL 201 Credits: 4

Objective: The course aims at familiarizing the students with English language sound system to
make their articulation nationally and internationally intelligible. It provides intensive practice
and extensive exposure to listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. It would enhance not
only their comprehensive knowledge of vocabulary but also strengthen their all four skills.

Unit- I
Word Accent: 06
Recognize stress pattern of words, Identify prominent syllable in the word; Know the articulation
of monosyllable and multisyllable words, Identify the accentual pattern of compound words,
Identify how the change of stress brings change in meaning and function of the word.
Sentence Accent: 04
Know the stress pattern of the sentence, know the pronunciation of words in isolation and in the
connected speech, Pronounce the weak forms of auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, prepositions,
articles, personal pronouns in the connected speech, Learn the contracted forms.

Unit- II
Effective Speech: 06
Overcome common problems of speech like addition or elision, or transposition of sounds,
Pronounce inflectional suffixes and endings of words correctly, Overcome enunciation problems
in speech, Acquire the pronunciation of consecutive consonants in words and in sentences.
Debate: 04
Analyze the given situation and formulate arguments, Acquire clarity of expression, Present
arguments with logical reasoning, Avoid convoluted arguments, Improve speaking skill and
convincing ability.
Group Discussion: 04
Acquire communication skills to participate effectively in group discussion, Develop the skill of
analyzing the different aspects of the problem, Avoid interpersonal conflicts in the discussion,
Develop intensive listening skill, Concede to other’s point of view and present your views
politely and convincingly, Regulate the rate of delivery.

Unit- III
Writing Paragraphs: 06
Develop an idea into a meaningful paragraph, Understand unity and coherence of a paragraph,
Know the features and positioning of topic sentences, Know the techniques and principles for
writing an effective paragraph, Know and practice composing the various types of paragraphs
and writings (Expository, Persuasive, Descriptive, Reflective, Narrative, Expressive, Technical,
Report writing, etc.)
Paraphrase Writing: 06
Learn to comprehend the passage and get overall idea of the topic, Identify the context, Interpret
the given material and express in simple language, Learn to organize the material in a logical
way without distorting the original meaning.
 17

Writing Summaries: 06
Identify the essential ideas of a given document, Express the elaborated material in a concise
way without changing the original meaning, Reduce the lengthy and repetitive explanation,
Increase the skill of quick comprehension, Develop the effective writing skill, Practice on note
making, précis writing, and abstract writing.

Unit- IV
Business Correspondence: 06
Types of Business Letters and their essential features, Develop the skill of drafting Enquiry
letters, Quotation letters, Order letters, Acknowledgement letters, Complaint letters, Adjustment
Letters, Sales Letters, Cover letters, etc., Learn effective beginnings and closings of these letters,
Gain proficiency in writing business letters concisely, naturally, clearly and positively.
Circulars and Notices: 04
Compare the features of Circulars and Notices, Know the importance of Circulars and Notices,
Learn to write Circular Letters and Notices in proper formats,
Learns Spellings: 04
Remove confusion in spellings, Know the variant spellings, Develop the ability to spell accurately.
Punctuation: 04
Identify the different types of punctuation marks, Use punctuation marks appropriately and write
sentences correctly.
Common Errors in English: 04
Identify errors in using nouns, pronouns, prepositions, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions,
overcome the mistakes and write without errors.

Suggested Readings:
1. Aruna K. Dr., English Language Skills-I, ICFAI University Press, 2007.
2. Aruna K. Dr., Professional Communication, Tata McGraw,Hill Education Private Limited,
2008.
3. Hornby A.S., Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Oxford University Press.
4. Daniel Jones, Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge University Press.
5. Quirk R., Greenbaum S., Leech G. and Svartik J., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English
Language, Longman, London.
 18

Course: Sociology -II Semester: II

Course Code: BAL 202 Credits: 4

Objective: This paper formally introduces the student to the key issues around which the
everyday life in India is constructed.

Unit- I
The Study of Indian Society: 14
The Development of Indian Society, Unity and Diversity, Continuity and Change, Ancient,
Medieval and Modern, Rural and Urban Characteristics.

Unit- II
Indian as Plural Society: 16
Varieties of Cultural Diversities, Linguistic Religious, Political, Economic and Cultural
Communities.

Unit- III
Major Institutions of Indian Society: 16
Family, Marriage, Caste, Village, Tribe and Caste in the Traditional Order, Caste and Class in
contemporary India, the backward classes.

Unit- IV
Indian Cultural values and developments: 14
Impact of Muslims and British cultures, Trend of change in Indian Society, Rural and
Urbanization, Industrialization, Modernization, Globalization.

Suggested Readings:
1. Bose.K. N: The Structure of Hindu Society, New Delhi, Orient Longman, 1975.
2. Andre Beteille: The Backward Classes and the New Social Order, Delhi, Oxford University Press,
1981.
3. [Link] : Caste, Class and Occupation
4. Peter Worisely: Total introducing Sociology harmondsworth, Pengujin Books, 1970.
5. Romesh Thappar (ed): Tribe, Caste and Religion in India, New Delhi, Macmillan, 1977.
6. . Desai A.R: Rural Sociology
7. M.N. Srinivas: Caste in Modern India
8. M.N. Srinivas: Social Change in Modern India
9. Odhum and Meinkoff: A Hand Book of Sociology
10. K.M., Marriage and Family India
11. Government of India Publication: Social Legislation
12. Prabhu: Hindu Social Organization
13. Kindsley Davis: Human Society
14. David [Link]: Society in India, Bombay, Popular Prakasham, 1972.
15. Harvy, Johnson: Sociology — A Systematic Introduction
16. Mac Iver and Page, Society
 19

Course: Political Science –II Semester: II

Course Code: BAL203 Credits: 4

Objective: This paper focuses on understanding the forms that governments acquire along with
the nature and conflicts encountered by different forms of governments. Students would get
trained to look into centre-state conflicts and legislature-executive-judiciary conflicts. The design
is to look into how emerging issues in international relations become important in the legal
context and prepare the students to understand International Law.

Unit- I
Concept: 08
Concept of Power, Authority and Legitimation.
Legitimacy of power: 10
The classical (Hobbes, Locke and Roousseau) and modern (Max Webber, Karl Marx and
Durkheim) approaches to the notion of political obligation.

Unit- II
Utilitarianism: 12
Utilitarianism (both rule and act utilitarianism) as approaches to political obligation. The
problem of civil disobedience and political obligation with special reference to Gandhi’s thought.

Unit- III
Neo-Gandhian thought: 16
The problem of obedience to unjust laws. Foundations of promissory and contractual liability.

Unit- IV
The problem of punishment: 18
Use of force by State against the citizen (the basis of criminal sanction)- The contemporary
origin of legitimation.

Suggested Readings:
1. Kothari Rajani - Democratic Policy and Social Change in India: Crisis and Opportunities, Allied
Publishers, 1976.
2. Kari Lowernastein: Political Power and the Government Process
3. Nishet R.A.: The Sociological Tradition, 1967.
4. Bierstedt Robert: Power and Progress, 1974 (MC Graw - Hill)
5. Leiser: Liberty, Justice and Morals (Ch.12 - Civil Disobedience)
6. George Lich Theim: A Short History of Socialism, 1976.
7. Drench Green: Principles of Political Obligation and Political Theory.
 20

Course: Indian Economy Semester: II

Course Code: BAL 204 Credits: 4

Objective: To introduce the student to basic understanding of the Indian economy. After
studying this paper the student will be able to understand the Indian economy better and will get
some idea about the problems faced by the economy.
Unit- I
Introduction: 12
Basic features and problems of Indian Economy, Nature of Indian Economy, demographic
features and Human Resource Development (HDI), Problems of Poverty, Unemployment,
Inflation, income inequality, Black money in India.

Unit- II
Sectoral composition of Indian Economy: 14
Issues in Agriculture sector in India ,land reforms Green Revolution and agriculture policies of
India , Industrial development , small scale and cottage industries, industrial Policy, Public sector
in India, service sector in India.

Unit- III
Economic Policies: 18
Economic Planning in India , Planning commission v/s NITI Aayog, monetary policy in India,
Fiscal Policy in India, Centre state Finance Relations, Finance commission in India. LPG policy
in India.
Unit- IV
External sector in India: 18
India’s foreign trade value composition and direction, India Balance of payment since 1991, FDI
in India, Impact of Globalization on Indian Economy, WTO and India.

Suggested Readings:

1. Dutt Rudder and K.P.M Sunderam, Indian Economy, S Chand & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Uma Kapila, Indian Economics since Independence, Academic Foundation.
3. Mishra S.K & V.K Puri, Indian Economy and –Its development experience, Himalaya Publishing
House.
4. Bardhan, P.K., The Political Economy of Development in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
5. Jalan, B., India’s Economic Policy- Preparing for the Twenty First Century, Viking, New Delhi.
 21

Course: Law of Special Contract Semester: II

Course Code: BAL 205 Credits: 4
Objective: To impart comprehensive information on Indemnity, Guarantee Agency,
Partnerships, Sale of Goods Act and Negotiable Instrument.
Unit- I
Introduction: 02
General Introduction, History and Nature of Contractual Obligations with special reference to
Partnership i.e. Preliminary (Section 1 to 4).
The nature of partnership: 08
Definition of partnership, essentials of partnership, mode of determining the existence of
partnership, partnership and co-ownership, partnership and Joint Hindu Family, partnership and
company, concept of illegal association, Partnership at will, particular partnership.

Unit- II
Partnership property: 04
Property originally brought in, property subsequently acquired, partners property in firms use,
goodwill as partnership property, nature of partners interest in property.
Relations of partners to one another and to third parties: 08
Determination of rights and duties of partner by contract between them, duties of a partner, rights
of partners, implied authority of a partner, statutory restrictions on implied authority, extension
and restriction of partner’s implied authority, authority in emergency, doctrine of holding out,
status of a minor in a partnership firm.
Incoming and outgoing partners: 04
Admission of a partner, outgoing partner, retirement of a partner, expulsion of a partner.
Dissolution of firms: 04
Modes of dissolution: dissolution by agreement, compulsory dissolution, contingent dissolution,
dissolution by notice, dissolution by retirement, dissolution by the court, consequences of
dissolution, liability for acts done after dissolution.

Unit- III
Sale of Goods Act, 1930: 06
Legislative competence, Concept of goods, are incorporeal rights goods, what are not goods
under the Act, types of goods, contract of sale and agreement to sell, conditions and warranties:
Distinction, consequences of the breach of a condition or a warranty, when breach of condition
to be treated as warranty, implied conditions, implied warranties, rule of caveat emptor, Caveat
emptor replaced by caveat venditor.
Effects of contract: Transfer of title by Non owners: 06
Exceptions to section 27, sale with consent or authority of owner, sale under implied authority,
sale by mercantile agent, sale by one of the joint owners, seller in possession after sale, buyer in
possession, sale by an unpaid seller, sale by Pawnee.
Rights of unpaid seller against the goods: 04
Meaning of unpaid seller, rights of an unpaid seller, unpaid seller’s lien, distinction between
pledge and lien, how stoppage in transit is effected, right of stoppage in transit, duration of
transit, lien and stoppage in transit distinguished, Right to re-sale.
 22

Provisions relating to Special Contract under Indian Contract Act, 1872: 06

Contract of Bailment, pledge, Indemnity and Guarantee, Contract of Agency.

Unit- IV
Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881: 12
Concept of Promissory note, Cheque and bill of exchange, Concept of Holder and Holder in due
course read with leading case laws, Crossing of Cheques and its type, Endorsement of Cheque
and its types, Bouncing of Cheques Read with Leading cases on the issue.

Suggested Readings:
1. Singh Avtar, Law of Contract and Specific Relief, 10th ed., 2008.
2. Bangia R.K., Law of Contract, Allahabad law Agency,2nd Ed, 2003.
3. Singh Avtar, Law of Partnership(Principles, practice and taxation), Eastern Book
Company, Lucknow, 4th edn, 2012.
4. Singh Avtar, Sales of Goods Act, Eastern Book Company,7th Edn.,2011.
5. Singh Avtar, Banking and Negotiable Instruments, Eastern Book Company,3rd Edn.,
2016.
 23

Course: Legal and Constitutional History Semester: II

Course Code: BAL 206 Credits: 4

Objective: The subject helps in understanding the historical complexities which lead to the
development of the present legal system.

Unit- I
Introduction: 04
Administration of justice in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta, Emergence of the East India
Company, development of authority under charters, Trading body to a territorial power,
subsequent Charters, Administration of justice in Madras from 1639 to 1726, Administration of
justice in Bombay 1668,1726 ,Administration of justice in Calcutta 1690 to 1726.

Unit- II
The Mayors Court: 06
Genesis of the Charter of 1726, Provisions of the Charter, Working of Judicial System, Charter
of 1753, Defects of Judicial Systems.
Adalat System: 06
Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice, Grant of Diwani, Execution Diwani functions,
Judicial Plan of 1772, Defects of the plan, New Plan of 1774, Reorganization of Adalats in 1780,
Reforms of 1781,The first civil code, Reforms in the administrations of Criminal Justice.
The Regulating Act 1773: 06
Charter of 1774 and the Supreme Court of Calcutta, Some land mark cases, Trial of Raj
Nandkumar (1775), The Patna case (1777-79), The Cossijurah case (1779-80), Act of settlement
1781, Major defects of Act of Settlement, Supreme Courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay,
Law and administration in the Supreme Court.

Unit- III
Process of Codification in India: 06
The Charter Act of 1833, the First Law Commission, The Second Law Commission, The Third
Law Commission, The Fourth Law Commission.
Government of India Act: 08
Government of India Act 1909, 1919 and 1935, The Federal Assembly and, the Council of
States: its composition, powers and functions,, legislative assemblies in the provinces and the
powers and functions, Legislative Councils in the provinces, power and functions.
Establishment of the High Court’s: 06
The Indian High Court Act 1861, The Federal Court of India ,Foundation of the Federal Court,
Jurisdiction, Authority of law, Expansion of jurisdiction, Abolition of the Federal Court.

Unit- IV
Constitutional Development- I: 06
Commonwealth of India Bill, 1925, The Nehru Committee Report 1928, The Karachi Resolution
1931, Sapru Committee, The Indian Independence Act 1947.
 24

Constitutional Development II: 08

The Constituent Assembly of India, the Drafting Committee, The framing of the Constitution:
Federalism, Judiciary, The framing of the Fundamental Rights, The Framing of the Directive
Principles of State Policy.
The Legal and Constitutional System of India: 08
Impact of Historical Development, Common Law Influence, Continued Relevance of Majority of
Pre-Constitutional Laws, Impact on Justice Delivery System, Impact on the Working of the
Constitution.

Suggested Readings:
1. Herbet Cowall, The History and Constitution of the Courts and Legislature Authorities in India, 1936.
2. Pylee M.Y., Constitutional History of India, 1600,1950.
3. Jain M.P.,Outlines of Indian Legal History.
4. Keith A.B., A Constitutional History of India, 1600,1935.
5. Jois Rama. Legal and Constitutional History.
 25

R.K.D.F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- III
COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
BAL 301 Foreign Language- I 4 0 0 4
(Spanish/ French/)
BAL 302 Political Science -III 4 0 0 4
BAL 303 History-I 4 0 0 4
BAL 304 Indian Penal Code-I 4 0 0 4
BAL 305 Constitutional Law – I 4 0 0 4
BAL 306 Family Law – I 4 0 0 4
VAC 02 Value added course- Yoga 2 0 0 2
Total 26 0 0 26
 26

Course Name- Foreign Language- I (A) French Semester – III

Course Code- BAL 301 (A) Credits – 4

Objective: The Course aims at imparting language ability useful for students who wish to
acquire basic communicative skill in foreign language and to develop the language proficiency,
skill and basic knowledge. The courses focus on the four skills: listening, reading, writing and
spoken through different activities, games, songs and videos.

Unit I
Introduction: 04
Geography of France (territory, main mountains and rivers), Francophonie, French language in
the world
Unit II
Vocabulary: 06
Greetings and politeness, name/surname, profession, numbers, days/months/seasons
Grammar: 08
Alphabet, ask about someone + verb “aller”, formal/informal, verb “s’appeler” + present tense
for verbs in “er”, age + date of birth, feminine/masculine, feminine/masculine, verbs “etre” and
“avoir”.
Culture: 03
Statut + marriage and relationship in French society, French habits during week days, Saturday
and Sunday

Unit III
Vocabulary : 04
Nationality and countries, postal and electronic address, like/dislike, activities (sport, arts, music)
Grammar : 08
Articles déefinis « le, la, les, l’ », prepositions for countries, verb s « venir de » and « habiter’,
verb « faire », articles contractés « du, de la, de l’, des »
Culture: 03
French regions, festivals and traditions
Unit IV
Vocabulary: 04
Family members, physic and moral description, human body, colours, clothes and accessories.
Grammar: 08
Possessives adjectives, Pronoun complement direct
Culture: 06
French and francophone celebrities, cinema and literature
Spoken: 08
Basic conversation practice (Self Introduction, Question Answers etc), jeu de role
Reading: Book and photocopies 02
Writing: mail, post card, paragraph
Listening: CD and videos, songs and movies

Reference Books and Study Materials:

Saison 1 (Ed. Didier 2014) + audio, song and video/ pictures and maps.
 27

Course Name- Foreign Language- I (B) Spanish Semester – III

Course Code- BAL 301 (B) Credits – 4

Unit- I
Topics & Vocabulary: 06
 Greetings and introductions
 Sounds and Phonetics
 The alphabet
 Personal information: name, address, telephone number, email address, age, marital
status
 Countries and nationalities
 Professions.
 Numbers 0-100
 The family
 Describing people
 Colours
 Formal and informal ways of addressing people
Grammar: 10
 Number and gender
 Articles: definite and indefinite
 Demonstrative pronouns
 Personal pronouns
 Interrogative pronouns
 Noun-adjective agreement
 Present tense of basic verbs like ser, estar, trabajar, vivir, tener, llevar
 Quantifiers: muy, bastante

Unit- II

Cultural Content: 06
 The differences in the use of tú/usted and vosotros/ustedes between Spain and Latin
American countries.
 Cultural differences when meeting people.
 Spanish language in the world.
 Skills Work:
 Lots of speaking
 Lots of listening
 Lots of pronunciation
Spanish Proficiency 06
 A wide range of topics based around students’ own interests, could include topics of
general interest: global issues, popular science, environment, media and advertising;
culture and entertainment; beliefs and religions, etc.
 Materials used to spark conversation will include articles, DVD, video, internet extracts.
 28

Topics & Vocabulary: 04

 Common everyday objects
 Shopping
 Numbers from 100
 In the town
 The house and furniture
 Leisure activities and sports
 Likes and dislikes
 Public places in a town
 The time
 Days and months
 Seasons and the weather

Unit- III

Grammar: 10
 Indefinite articles
 Demonstrative pronouns and articles
 Question words (¿cuál?, ¿qué?, cuántos?, ¿dónde?, ¿cómo?, ¿porqué?)
 Some uses of ser and estar
 Hay (there is / there are)
 Verb gustar
 Quantifiers: mucho/a/os/as, bastante/s, poco/a/os/as
 Prepositions
 Muy – mucho
 Llueve and nieva: present tense of the verbs to rain and to snow.

Cultural Content: 04
 Housing in Spain
 Latin-American music
 Public places in Spain, opening times.
 Geography in Latin-America

Skills Work: 04
 Lots of speaking
 Lots of listening
 Lots of pronunciation
 Topics & Vocabulary:
 Daily routine and weekend activities
 Internet
 Leisure activities and sports (2)
 Professions
 Transport
 Giving opinions
 Describing what you did yesterday
 29

Unit- IV

Grammar: 08
 Present tense of regular and irregular verbs
 Reflexive pronouns
 Frequency adverbs
 Quantifiers: mucho, bastante, poco
 Question words: ¿cómo?
 Prepositions: de…a, desde…hasta, en, a, por
 Differences between saber and conocer (to know)
 Agreeing and disagreeing (también, tampoco, sí, no)
 Verb creer to give opinions
 Ser + bueno/malo
 Introduction to the past tense: preteritoindefinido, regular and some irregular verbs
(hacer,venir, ser, ir, estar)
Cultural Content: 02
 Travelling around Perú
 Spanish television habits
 Famous Latin-American people
Skills Work: 04
 Lots of speaking
 Lots of listening
 Lots of pronunciation
 30

Course: Political Science –III Semester: III

Course Code: BAL 302 Credits: 4
Objective: This paper focuses on understanding the forms that governments acquire. Students
would get trained to look into how emerging issues in international relations become important
in the legal context and prepare the students to understand International Law.

Unit- I

World Community: 12
Sovereign States, Transnational political parties, Transnational non-official organization such as
the Churches, Multinational Corporations, Scientific, Cultural and other organizations,
Components of National Power, Population, Economic organization, Technology and Military
force, Limitations on National Power; International morality, public opinion, International law,
fear of violence and destruction, War with conventional and nuclear weapons.

Unit - II

Conflicts: 08
Major source of conflicts, East and West, North and South rivalries, territorial claims, resources,
population migrations, International Trade balance of payments and protectionism.
Avoidance of War and Facilitation of Peaceful Change: 12
Alliance and balance of power approach; Collective security and disarmament and diplomacy
and peaceful resolution of conflicts by Negotiation, Mediation, Conciliation, Arbitration and
Judicial settlements
Unit- III

International organizations: 16
The cultural approach and the UNESCO; Promotion of international co-operation and the
functional approach; the specialized agencies. The case for and against World Government.

Unit- IV

Inter-governmental organizations: 16
Constituent instruments; the special features of the ILO and international financial institutions.
The United Nations and its principal organs- the relationship between the United Nations and its
principal organs - the relationship between the United Nations and regional organizations -
Specialized agencies - International non-governmental organizations.

Suggested Readings:
1. D.W. Bowett: International Institutions
2. Palmer and Parking: International Relations
3. E.H. Hentmen: The Relations of Nations
4. Quincy Wright: Study of International Relations
5. Hans Morgenthau: Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace.
 31

Course: History-I Semester: III

Course Code: BAL 303 Credits: 4
Objective, The primary objective of this paper is to answer the question how and why the
present has evolved from the past in the manner it has. It is important to understand both
historiography and historical methodology. A study of the nature of the state and administrative
apparatus is required for proper understanding of the legal systems in ancient and medieval
India.

Unit- I
History and Law: 12
Relevance of History to Law, Interdisciplinary Approach b. Rethinking History and Historian’s
Craft, Indian Historiography, Orientalist, Utilitarians, Nationalists, Marxist, Religious
Nationalist, Subalterns and Regional Histories.
Unit- II
Ancient India: 16
State, Polity and Governance, Nature of State, Notions of Kingship (Brahminic, Buddhist,
Kautalyan), and administrative apparatus in Vedic Age, Age of Mauryas and Guptas, Kinship,
Caste and Class, Social Differentiation, Family, Patriliny, Rules of Marriage, Gotra, Jatis and
Varnas, Access to Property and Gender, Religious Traditions and Polity, Brahminism,
Buddhism, Jainism.

Unit- III
Medieval India: 18
Kings and their Courts, Cholas, Local Self-Government, Delhi Sultanate, Theory of Kingship
(Balban), Administrative Apparatus, Vijayanagara State, Mughals, Theory of Sovereignty
(Akbar), Administrative Structure, Bhakti-Sufi Tradition in relation with the State and
Reconfiguration of Identity, Peasant, Zamindars and the State, Market Reforms of Alauddin
Khilji, Agrarian Reforms of Akbar.

Unit- IV
The Concept of Justice and Judicial Institutions in Ancient and Medieval India: 18
Sources of Law in Ancient India, Concept and Sources of Dharma, Veda, Dharmasutra, Dharma
Shastra, Tradition and Good Custom, Types of Courts and Procedures b. Legal Thinkers of
Ancient India, Manu and Yajnavalkya c. Legal Traditions in Medieval India, Sources of Islamic
Law (Quran, Hadis, Ijma, Qiyas), Salient Features of Islamic Criminal Law, Hanafi School of
Thought.

Suggested Readings:
1. H.V. Sreenivasa Murthy – History of India, Eastern Book Company, 2011.
2. E.H. Carr, What is History, Penguin, 2008 Edn .
3. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya (ed.), Approaches to History, Essays in Indian Historiography, Primus Books,
2013.
4. T. Rama Jois, Legal and Constitutional History of India ,Ancient Legal, Judicial and Constitutional
System, Universal Law Publishing Co..,2004(Reprint).
9. A.L. Basham, The Wonder that was India, Part-I, Rupa& Co.,1993 (20th Edn).
10. S.A.A. Rizvi, The Wonder that was India, Part –II, Sedgwick & Jackson, 1987, Prakash Books, 2004.
11. [Link] M. Derett, Religion, Law and State in India, Oxford, 1999.
 32

Course: Indian Penal Code-I Semester: III

Course Code: BAL 304 Credits: 4
Objective: To deal with the basic principles of criminal law determining criminal liability and
punishment.

Unit- I

Introduction to Substantive Criminal Law: 04

Extent and operation of the Indian Penal Code, Nature and Definition of Crime, Constituents
Elements of Crime: Actus Reus and Mens rea.
General Explanations: 08
Important Definitions (Sections 6-52-A)

Unit- II

General Exceptions (Sections 76-106): 12

Definitions, Mistake, Judicial and Executive acts, Accident, Necessity, Infancy, Insanity,
Intoxication, Consent, Good Faith, Private Defense against Body and Property.
Incoherent Forms of Crime: 08
Joint and Constructive Liability, Criminal Conspiracy Sections 120-A to 120-B), Attempt,
Abetment(Sections-107 to 120).

Unit- III

Offences: 18
Offences against The State (Sections 121 to 130), Offences against the Public Tranquility
(Section 141 to 160), Offences against Public Servant (Section 166 to 171), Offences Relating to
Elections(Section 171-A to 171-I), Offence of Contempt of the Lawful Authority of Public
Servants ( Section 172- 190), Offences of False Evidence and Offences against Public Justice
(Section 191-229-A), Offences relating to Coin and Government Stamps (Section 230 to 263-A),
Offences affecting the Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency and Morals (Section 268 to
194-A), Offences relating to Religion (Section 295 to 298).

Unit- IV

Theories of Punishment: 14
Deterrent, Retributive, Preventive, Expiatory and Reformative Theory Punishment under the IPC:
Fine, Life-Imprisonment, Death Sentence Act The Indian Penal Code, 1860

Suggested Readings:
1. Lal Ratan and Lal Dhiraj, Indian Penal Code, Wadhwa & Co., 2000
2. Pillai Achutan, Criminal Law, Butterworth Co., 2000.
3. Gour K.D., Criminal Law , Cases and Materials, Butterworth Co., 1999.
4. Kenny's, Outlines of Criminal Law, (1998 Edition).
5. Srivastava O.P., General Principles of Criminal
 33

Course: Constitutional Law - 1 Semester: III

Course Code: BAL 305 Credits: 4
Objective: This course focuses on fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy. It
introduces the students to the abstract and concrete meanings of the constitution, kinds of constitution
and concepts of constitutionalism.

Unit- I
Introduction to the Constitutional Law of India: 08
Historical Background to the Constitution of India, The Making of the Constitution, The
Philosophy of the Constitution, Salient Features of the Indian Constitution, Judicial Activism.
Different Types of Modern Constitutions, Nature of the Constitution of India, Union of States
and Territory of India, 35th and 36th Amendments to the Constitution of India.
Citizenship (Articles 5-11): 06
Meaning of Citizenship, Citizenship at the Commencement of the Constitution of India,
Citizenship Act, 1955.

Unit- II
Fundamental Rights and the State (Articles 12-13): 04
Origin, Development and Need of Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Rights and the State, Laws
Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights (Article 13).
Right to Equality (Articles 14-18): 06
Equality before Law, Prohibition of Discrimination (Article 15), Equality of Opportunity in Public
Employment (Article 16), Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17), Abolition of Titles (Article 18).
Right to Freedom (Article 19): 06
Rights available to Citizens under the Constitution of India, Judicial Interpretation under Article
19.

Unit- III
Protection of Life and Personal Liberty (Articles 20, 2, 21 A and 22): 08
Protection in respect of conviction for offences (Article 20), Protection of Life and Personal
Liberty (Article 21), 21A. Right to education (Article 21A), Protection against Arrest and
Detention (Article 22).
Right Against Exploitation (Articles 23-24): 04
Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings and Forced Labour, Prohibition of Employment of
Children in Factories etc.
Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 25-30): 06
Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights.
Right to Constitutional Remedies: 04
Article 32, Article 226, Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

Unit- IV
Directive Principles of State Policy: 06
Directive Principles, Classification of Directive Principles, Fundamental Rights and Directive
Principles of State Policy, Uniform Civil Code (Article 44) of the Constitution of India, Free
Legal Services and Free Legal Aid (Article 39 A), Organizations of Village Panchayats (Article
40), Protection and Improvement of Environment, Safeguarding Forests and Wildlife (Article
51A).
 34

Fundamental Duties: 04
Importance, Enforcement and their Interpretation.

Suggested Readings:
1. Jain M.P., Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur
2. Shukla V.N., Constitution of India, Eastern Book Compamy, Lucknow
3. Granville Austin, Indian Constitution,Cornerstone of a Nation, OUP, New Delhi
4. Seervai H.M., Constitutional Law of India (in 3 Volumes), [Link], Bombay
5. Rao [Link], Indian Constitutional Law, [Link] & Co., Hyderabad
6. Rao [Link], Framing of India’s Constitution (in 5 Volumes), Indian Institute of Public
Administration, New Delhi
7. Pandey J.N., Constitutional Law of India, Central Law Agency, Allahabad
 35

Course: Family Law-1(Hindu Law) Semester: III

Course Code: BAL 306 Credits: 4

Objective: To apprise the students with the laws relating to marriage, dissolution, matrimonial
remedies, adoption, contemporary trends in family institutions in India, in particular the Hindus.

Unit- I

Evolution of Family and Family Law: 03

Matriarchal and Patriarchal Family, Joint Family and Nuclear Family, Hindu Joint Family and duties
of Karta and liabilities towards society.
Sources of Hindu Law: 03
Ancient sources, Smriti & Sruthi & Modern Sources, Custom, Precedent, Legislations, Meaning of
Hindu, Codification of Hindu Law,
Mitakshara and Dayabhaga Schools 04

Unit- II

Institution of Marriage a Sacrament or a Contract: 06

Kinds of Marriage, Prohibited Marriage among Hindus, Essential ceremonies of marriage &
Registration of Marriage
Matrimonial causes & Remedies: 04
Restitution of Conjugal Rights, Legal Implications, Judicial Separation, Nullity of Marriage.
Dissolution of Marriage: 06
Theories of Dissolution of Marriage, Fault Grounds of Divorce under Hindu Marriage Act, 1955,
Irretrievable breakdown of marriage, Grounds of Divorce under Special Marriage Act, 1954.
Evolution of Family Courts: 04
Salient Features Family Courts Act, 1984, Jurisdiction & Procedure in Family Courts, Exclusion of
Lawyers & Application of ADR Methods in Family Courts.

Unit- III

Hindu Joint Family: Impact of Modernization on Hindu Joint Family: 06

Succession, Coparcenery, Ancestral, and Self, acquired Property, Partition and Alienation of
Hindu Joint Family Property, Property of a Woman under the Hindu Law.
Intestate Succession among Hindus: Intestate Succession of Property: 06
Succession to Property of a Hindu Male, Succession to Property of a Hindu Female, General and
Special Provisions relating to Succession and Testamentary Succession.
Adoption among Hindus: 06
Rationale of Adoption under Ancient and Modern Hindu Law, Foreign Adoption.

Unit- IV
Maintenance among Hindus: 08
Maintenance under Ancient and Modern Hindu Law. Right to Maintenance (under Cr. P. C &
Hindu Codified Law) Custody of Children, Post Divorce Settlements.
 36

Guardianship among Hindus: 08

Natural Guardian, Rights and Liabilities of a Guardian, Interest of the Minor, The Protection of
Women from Domestic Violence , The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005,
Domestic Violence, Powers and duties of protection officers, Service providers, procedure for
obtaining relief, Effects of Religious Conversions among Hindus On Marriage, and in
Succession, Foreign Marriage Foreign Marriage Act, 1969, NRI Marriages, Issues of Conflict of
Laws, Enforcement of Foreign Decrees in India Enforcement of Indian Decrees in Foreign
Countries , Disturbing Trends in NRI Marriages.

Suggested Readings:
1. Sexena Poonam Pradhan Dr., Family Law Lectures Family Law, II, LexisNexis, (Third
Edn.)
2. Prof. Kusum, Family Law Lectures Family Law, I, Lexis Nexis, (4th Edn , 2015).
3. Diwan Paras, Law of Marriage and Divorce, Universal Law Publication,(7th Edn).
4. Diwan Paras, Modern Hindu Law, 13th Edition 2000, Allahabad, Agency,
Delhi.
5. Diwan Paras, Family Law, 1994 Edition, Allahabad Agency, Delh i.
6. Mayne, Hindu Law, Customs and Usages, Bharat Law House, NewDelhi.
7. Sharaf, Law of Marriage and Divorce, 1999 .
 37

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- IV
COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
CODE
BAL 401 Foreign Language- II (French / 4 0 0 4
Spanish )
BAL 402 Introduction to Psychology 4 0 0 4
BAL 403 History- II 4 0 0 4
BAL 404 Basics of Journalism 4 0 0 4
BAL 405 Indian Penal Code – II 4 0 0 4
BAL 406 Constitutional Law – II 4 0 0 4
BAL 407 Family Law – II 4 0 0 4
OC 02 MOOC- II 0 1 1 2
LIP 02 Legal Internship Program-II 0 0 2 2
Total 28 1 3 32
 38

Course: Foreign Language- II (A) French Semester: IV

Course Code: BAL 401 (A) Credits: 4
Objective: The objective of this paper is to make students understand the French language so
that they can easily understand the French legal system and the French terms generally used in
law.

Unit- I
Introduction in French: 06
 Verb: S’appeler Être Avoir Habiter
 Article / Preposition: à, en, au
 Name of some common Countries and Nationality
 To talk about different professions
How to talk about one’s liking and disliking 06
 Verb: Aimer Adorer Préférer Detester
 Some common vocabularies like music, cinema, theatre, etc.
 Article: un, une, des / le, la, les ………

Unit- II
How to talk about the activities of week- end and vacation, etc.: 04
 Verb: Aller Venir Rester Se reposer Regarder
 Preposition / Article : au, à la, ……../ du, de la.., etc.
How to talk about the activities of the day: 06
Pronominal verb: Se réveiller Se lever ……… etc.
To know about time and seasons: Verb: Faire Être 04

Unit- III
How to take permission / express one’s wishes: 04
 Verb: vouloir Pouvoir Voir
 Pronoun: moi, toi, ……… etc.
How to locate something / some place or some person: 04
Préposition: à côté de , à gauche de , sur ………. etc.
How to ask questions / Different form of questions: 04
 Qu’est-ce que c’est?
 Qui est-ce?
 Comment, pourquoi, Où, Combien ………… etc.
How to describe a person: 04
Adjective: tall / short Fat / thin.

Unit- IV
Revision of Present Tens: 04
 How to narrate a story / past event: Verb: Passé Composé Imparfait
 How to talk about future plan: Verb: Simple future
 How to talk about family members: Verb: Se presenter.
Letter writing: 04
Formal / Informal
 39

Use of legal terms through simple sentences: 08

Example: court, tribunal court, advocate, judge, crime etc.
Translation based on legal documents: 06
 English – French
 French – English

Suggested Readings:
1. Le Francais du Droit – J. L. Penfornis
2. Campus – Jacky Girardet & Jacques Pecheur
 40

Course: Foreign Language- II (B) Spanish Semester: IV

Course Code: BAL 401 (B) Credits: 4

Unit- I

Topics & Vocabulary: 06

 Expressing desire and needs.
 Plans and intentions.
 Health and feelings.
 Giving advice and suggestions.
 Body parts & remedies.
 Going shopping.
 Ordering food and drinks in a restaurant.
 Talking about what you have done.
 Excuses and apologies.
 Talking about personal experiences and opinions.
Grammar: 10
 I want / I would like + infinitive (Quiero / me gustaría + infinitivo)
 Have to + infinitive (Tener que + infinitivo)
 Need to + infinitive (Necesitar + infinitivo)
 Going to + infinitive (Ir a + infinitivo)
 Verb doler –form and syntax.
 Regular and irregular verbs in the present.
 Present perfect.
 Regular and irregular participles.
 Quantifiers: muy, mucho, etc.
Cultural Content: 04
 La siesta in Spain.
 Spanish food.
 Montevideo, Uruguay.
 Spanish music: El Flamenco.
 Skills Work:
 Listening and responding.
 Reading for comprehension.
 Speaking activities to encourage interaction in class.
 Writing assignments as homework.
 Games to build vocabulary.

Unit- II

Topics & Vocabulary: 04

 Shopping for clothes.
 Describing what people are doing.
 Offering food and drinks.
 41

 Talking about past holidays.

 Describing the life of somebody (Biography).
 Requesting permission and favours.
Grammar: 10
 Comparison.
 Direct Object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)
 Verb ’estar’ + gerund (present continuous).
 Uses of verbs ‘ser’ and ‘estar’.
 ‘Para’ + personal pronoun.
 Past simple of regular and irregular verbs.
 Prepositions ‘de’ and ‘en’
 Verb ‘poder’ + infinitve
 The affirmative imperative
 Imperative + OD / OI pronouns.
Cultural content: 04
 El día de losmuertosen México.
 Las islas Galápagos.
 Simón Bolívar el Libertador.
 La ñunaletramuyespañola

Unit- III

Skills Work: 04
 Listening and responding.
 Reading for comprehension.
 Speaking activities to encourage interaction in class and build confidence.
 Writing assignments as homework.
 Games to build vocabulary.
Topics & Vocabulary: 04
 Talking by telephone.
 Talking about films and outdoors activities.
 Inviting people to go out: accepting and rejecting.
 Means of transport: Buying a train ticket.
 Asking and giving directions.
 Talking about free time activities in the past: weekends and holidays.
 Expressing possession and preferences.
 Talking about childhood memories.
Grammar: 10
 Want + infinitive (Querer + infinitivo)
 Can / Be able + infinitive (Poder + infinitivo)
 Regular and irregular verbs in the present.
 Comparisons.
 Regular and irregular verbs in the simple past.
 Regular and irregular verbs in the imperfect.
 Prepositions ‘a’ and ‘de’.
 42

 Other uses of ’ser’.

 Direct and Indirect Object pronouns.

Unit- IV

Cultural Content: 04
 Films in Spain and Latin-America.
 Going around in Madrid
 Free time and leisure activities in Spain.
 The Inca society.
Skills Work: 04
 Listening and responding.
 Reading for comprehension.
 Speaking activities to encourage interaction in class.
 Writing assignments as homework.
 Games to build vocabulary.
 43

Course: Introduction to Psychology Semester: IV

Course Code: BAL 402 Credits: 4
Objective: The objective of this course is to equip students of law for the responsibilities,
relationships and events that they may encounter in the corporate sector, by understanding the
fundamental principles behind human behavior as applied to organizations.

Unit- I
Nature, Scope and Methods of Psychology: 04
Definitions, Goals and Application, Branches, Physiological, Abnormal Developmental, Social,
Industrial and Organizational Behaviour, Clinical and Counseling, Educational, Sports
Psychology, Psychology of Women.
Physiological/Biological Bases of Behavior: 06
Neurons, Structure and Function, Synapse and Neurotransmitters, Central Nervous System
Structure and Function of Spinal Cord and Brain, Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic
Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System.

Unit- II
Motivation: 04
Definition, Concept of Drive, Incentive, Theories of Motivation (Content and process): Freudian
Theory of Motivation, Maslow’s MAC Cleland’s Herzberg’s.
Sensation, Attention and Perception: 04
Vision, audition and Other Senses, Perception: Definition, Approaches to Perception, Perception
of Form, Space, Movement, Dynamics of Perception: Attention, Organization and Interpretation.
Learning: 06
Definition, Methods of Learning, Trial and Error Method: Thorndike’s Laws of learning, Insight
Learning: Kohler’s Experiments, Theories of Learning: Behavioural Learning Theories ,
Classical Conditioning, Association, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Generalization,
Discrimination, Higher Order Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Skinner’s Operant
Conditioning, Comparison of Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning, Role of
Reinforcement in Conditioning, Cognitive Processes in Learning, Observational Learning,
Modeling and Shaping.

Unit- III
Memory: 06
Nature of Encoding, Storage and Retrieval, STM LTM, Types of Memory, Learning,
Remembering and Factors Influencing Retrieval, Forgetting and Decay.
Intelligence, Cognition and Language: 06
Nature and Definition of Intelligence, Intelligence and Aptitude, Measurement of Intelligence,
Studying Cognition: Language Use, Visual Cognition, The Thinking Process: Problem Solving
and Reasoning: Judging and Deciding, Creative Thinking.
Emotion and Stress: 08
Theories of Emotion, Expression and Perception of Emotion, Types of Stress, Consequences of
Stress.
Unit- IV
Attitude: 06
Nature of Attitude, Theories of Attitude, Measures of Attitude, Attitude and Behaviour.
 44

Personality: 08
Defining Personality, Theories of Personality: Psychodynamic, Behaviouristic, Humanistic, and
Trait Theory of Personality, Tests/Assessment of Personality.
Self Perception, Social Perception and Relationships: 06
Concept of Self and Self Perception, Social Perception and Social Influence, Social
Relationships, Attribution Theories.
Assessment and Testing: Psychological Testing and Its Application.

Suggested Readings:
1. Spencer A. Rathus, Psychology , Principles in Practice, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1998.
2. Atkinson & Hilgard, Introduction to Psychology, Thomson Wardsworth 14th Edition,2003.
3. Baron, R.A, Psychology, (5th Edition) Pearson Education Inc., New Delhi,2001.
4. Baron, R.A & Byrne, D. Social Psychology (10th Edition) Pearson Education Inc., New Delhi 2006.
5. Hurlock, E.B. Developmental Psychology , a life span approach,1980.
6. M.C. Graw Hill, InCarson, Abnormal Psychology, 13th Edition, Pearson Education, India.
7. Nelson , Jones, R., The Theory and Practice of Counselling Psychology,1994.
8. Morgan, C.T, A Brief Introduction to Psychology, Tata McGraw Hill.
 45

Course: History-II Semester: IV

Course Code: BAL 403 Credits: 4
Objective: The focus of History II is to look at Modern times in India, the developments of
modern legal procedures, laws and institutions and how they impacted the Indians and their old
systems. The emergence of present judicial system can be traced to the historical developments
in colonial India. The paper looks at the framing of Indian Constitution..

Unit- I

Early Developments (1600- 1836): 14

Charters of the East India Company: 1600, 1661, Settlements: Surat, Madras, Bombay, Courts:
Mayor’s Court of 1726 and Supreme Court of 1774, Statutes: Regulating Act, 1773; The Act of
Settlement 1781, Conflict: Raja Nand Kumar, Kamaluddin, Patna Case, and Cossijurah, Adalat
System: Warren Hastings’s Judicial Plans of 1772, 1774 and 1780; Lord Cornwallis’s Judicial
Plans of 1787, 1790 and 1793; Lord William Bentinck’s Judicial Reforms.

Unit- II

Evolution of Law and Legal Institutions: 14

Development of Personal Laws, Development of Criminal Law, Development of Civil law in
Presidency towns Mufassil: Special Emphasis on Justice, Equity and Good Conscience,
Codification of Laws: Charter of 1833, The First Law Commission, The Second Law
Commission, Establishment of High Courts under The Indian High Courts Act, 1861, Privy
Council and Federal Court, an Appraisal

Unit- III

Constitutional Developments: 18
Framing of Indian Constitution, The Indian Councils’ Act, 1861, The Government of India Act,
1909, The Government of India Acts, 1919 and 1935, Accession of Princely States and
Reorganization of the States.

Unit- IV

Modern and Contemporary India: 18

Colonialism and Imperialism: Stages of Colonialism, Impact on Economy (Industry, Agriculture
and Trade), Permanent Settlement and Emergence of the idea of land as a commodity,
Nationalist and Civil Disobedience Movement: Only Gandhian Movements, Partition: Politics
and Communalism 25, Changing notions of Justice and Gender from Ancient to Modern times:
A Post-Colonial Discourse.

Suggested Readings:
1. M.P. Jain, Outlines of Indian Legal History, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur,2003(6th Edn).
2. V.D. Kulshrehtha and V.M. Gandhi, Landmarks of Indian Legal and Constitutional History,Eastern
Book Company, Kurukshetra,2005.
3. M.P. Singh, Outlines of Indian Legal History, Universal Law Publishing Co., 2010.
 46

4. H.L.O. Garren & Abdul Hamid, A Constitutional History of India, 1600-1935. London, 1936 5. Radha
Kumar, The History of Doing: An Illustrated Account of Movements for Women’s Rights and Feminism
in India, 1800-1990, Zubaan, 1993
6. Granville Austin, The Making of Indian Constitution, OUP, 1999
7. Ania Loomba, Colonialism/Postcolonialism, Routledge, 1992
8. David Ludden, India and South Asia: A Short History (Including Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan
and Sri Lanka), Oxford: One World Publications, UK, 2004.
9. Ramachandra Guha, India after Gandhi: The History of the World’s Largest Democracy, Macmillan,
2007.
10. Bipan Chandra, Mridula & Aditya Muherjee, India Since Independence, Penguin, 2008
 47

Course: Basics of Journalism Semester: IV

Course Code: BAL 404 Credits: 4

UNIT 1
Understanding News: 05
News meaning, definition, nature.
The news process: 12
from the event to the reader (how news is carried from event to reader) Hard news vs. Soft news,
basic components of a news story Attribution, embargo, verification, balance and fairness,
brevity, dateline, credit line, byline.

UNIT 2
Different forms of print: 12
A historical Perspective, Yellow journalism, Penny press, tabloid press Language of news-
Robert Gunning: Principles of clear writing Rudolf Flesch formula- skills to write news

UNIT 3
Understanding the structure and construction of news: 12
Organizing a news story, 5W‘s and 1H, Inverted pyramid Criteria for news worthiness,
principles of news selection Use of archives, sources of news, use of internet.

UNIT 4
Journalism: 12
Different mediums-a comparison Language and principles of writing: Basic differences between
the print, electronic and online journalism Citizen journalism.
Role of Media: 11
In a Democracy Responsibility to Society Press and Democracy Contemporary debates and
issues relating to media Ethics in journalism.

Readings:

1. Bruce D. Itule and Douglas A. Anderson. News writing and reporting for today’s media; McGraw
Hill Publication, 2000.
2. M.L. Stein, Susan Paterno& R. Christopher Burnett. News writer’s Handbook: An Introduction to
Journalism; Blackwell Publishing,2006.
3. George Rodmann. Mass Media in a Changing World; Mcgraw Hill Publication,2007.
4. Carole Flemming and Emma Hemmingway. An Introduction to Journalism; Vistaar
Publications,2006.
5. Richard Keeble. The Newspaper’s
 48

Course: Indian Penal Code-II Semester: IV

Course Code: BAL 405 Credits: 4
Objective: The objective of this paper is to focus on the study of substantive crimes under the
Indian Penal Code.

Unit- I
Offences affecting the Human Body of offences affecting Life (Sections 299 to 377): 12
Culpable Homicide, Murder, Suicide, Dowry Death, Punishment, Hurt, Grievous hurt, wrongful
restraint and wrongful confinement, Criminal Force and assault, Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery
and forced labour, Sexual offences, unnatural offences.

Unit- II
Offences against Property ( Sections 378 to 462): 14
Theft, Extortion, Robbery and dacoity, Criminal misappropriation and property, Criminal Breach
of Trust, Receving of stolen Property, Cheating, Fradulant deeds and disposition of property,
mischief, Criminal Trespass.
Unit- III
Offences relating to Documents and property Marks (Sections 463 to 489-E): 16
Forgery, Property and Other marks, Currency notes and Bank notes.

Unit- IV
Offences Relating to Marriage (Sections 493 to 498-A): 12
Obscene acts and songs Outraging the modesty of women Rape Cruelty by husband or relatives
of husband Offences relating to marriage.
Defamation(Sections 499-502): 10
Criminal Intimidation, insult and annoyance(Sections 503 to 510), Attempt to Commit
Offences(Section 511)

Suggested Readings:
1. Lal Ratan and Lal Dhiraj, Indian Penal Code, Wadhwa & Co., 2000
2. Pillai Achutan, Criminal Law, Butterworth Co., 2000.
3. Gour K.D., Criminal Law , Cases and Materials, Butterworth Co., 1999.
4. Kenny's, Outlines of Criminal Law, (1998 Edition).
5. Srivastava O.P., General Principles of Criminal Law
 49

Course: Constitutional Law-II Semester: IV

Course Code: BAL 406 Credits: 4
Objective: The constitution, a living document, is said to be always in the making. The judicial
process of the constitutional interpretation involves a technique of adapting the law to meet
changing social needs. The objective of this paper is to develop the basic understanding of
constitutional law.

Unit- I
Union Executive: 04
President, Vice , President , Election, removal, Powers, Extent of Executive power of the Union,
Union Council of Ministers, Attorney General for India.
Union Legislature: 04
Parliament , Composition, Officers of Parliament, Conduct of Business, Qualifications and
Disqualifications of Members, Powers, Privileges and Immunities, Legislative Procedure , Anti
Defection Law.
Union Judiciary: 04
Supreme Court , Appointment and Removal of Judges, Powers and Jurisdiction , Original,
Appellate , in respect of Constitutional matters, Civil, Criminal and Special Leave to Appeal,
Comptroller and Auditor General of India

Unit- II

State Executive: 06
Governor, Appointment, Powers, Council of Ministers, Conduct of Government Business,
Advocate General for the State.
State Legislature: 06
Composition, Officers of State Legislature, Conduct of Business, Qualifications and
Disqualifications of Members, Powers, Privileges and Immunities, Legislative Procedure.
State Judiciary: 06
High Courts, Appointment Removal and Transfer of Judges, Powers and Jurisdiction,
Subordinate Judiciary , Independence of judiciary , Judicial Accountability

Unit- III
Centre State Relations: 18
Legislative, Administrative and Financial Relations , Cooperation and Coordination between the
Centre and States, Judicial Interpretation of Centre, State Relations, Doctrines evolved by
Judiciary.
Liability of State in Torts and Contracts, Freedom of Interstate Trade, Commerce and Inter
course.
Services under the Union and the States, Doctrine of pleasure, All India Services, Public Service
Commissions.

Unit- IV
Emergency: 16
Need of Emergency Powers, Different kinds of Emergency, National, State and Financial
emergency, Impact of Emergency on Federalism and Fundamental Rights, Amendment of Indian
Constitution and Basic Structure Theory.
 50

Suggested Readings:
1. Jain M.P., Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur
2. Shukla V.N., Constitution of India, Eastern Book Compamy, Lucknow
3. Granville Austin, Indian Constitution,Cornerstone of a Nation, OUP, New Delhi
4. Seervai H.M., Constitutional Law of India (in 3 Volumes), [Link], Bombay
5. Rao [Link], Indian Constitutional Law, [Link] & Co., Hyderabad
6. Rao [Link], Framing of India’s Constitution (in 5 Volumes), Indian Institute of Public
Administration, New Delhi
7. Pandey J.N., Constitutional Law of India, Central Law Agency, Allahabad
 51

Course: Family Law-II (Muslim Law) Semester: IV

Course Code: BAL 407 Credits: 4
Objective: To impart basic knowledge about laws relating to marriage, divorce and succession
under Muslim law.

Unit- I
Origin and Development of Mohammedan personal Law: 04
Sources of Mohammedan Law, Schools of Mohammedan Law, Mohammedan Law in India.
Operation of Mohammedan Law: 06
Application of Mohammedan Law, Matters to which Mohammedan Law Applies, Persons to
whom Mohammedan Law Applies, Conversions and its Effects.

Unit- II
Marriage among Mohammedan: 08
Nature of Marriage, Types of Marriages, Valid Marriage, Irregular Marriage, Void Marriage,
Muta Marriage.
Divorce among Mohammedan: 06
Modes of Divorce, Legal Consequences of Divorce, the Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act,
1939, Dower as Special Feature.
Maintenance among Mohammedan: 08
Principles of Maintenance, Persons Entitled to Maintenance, Rights of Divorced Woman.
Maintenance of wife under Maintenance Under the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on
Divorce) Act, 1986, Maintenance of wife Under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code,
1973.

Unit- III
Parentage among Mohammedan: 06
Paternity, Maternity, Legitimacy of children Guardianship among Mohammedan: Kinds of
Guardianship, Removal of Guardian , Differences between Shia and Sunni Law.
Gift (HIBA) among Mohammedan: 06
Definition, Essential Components of valid gift and its revocation Law relating to Wills among
Mohammedan: Characteristics of Will, Abatement of Legacies Administration of Estate.
Law relating to Wakfs among Mohammedan: 06
Creation and Management, Statutory Regulation of Wakfs in India, Essentials and Kinds of
Wakfs.

Unit- IV
Succession among Mohammedan: 06
Objectives of Mohammedan Law, General Rules of Inheritance, Sunni Law of Inheritance, Shia
Law of Inheritance, Doctrines of Fractional Shares, Major Differences between Sunni and Shia
Laws.
Christian and Parsi Personal Law: 02
Marriage among Christians under Christian Marriage Act, 1872, Divorce among Christians
under Indian Divorce Act of 1869, Succession under Indian Succession Act, 1925 (Law related
to Wills only). Parsi Personal Law: Concept of Marriage among Parsis, Matrimonial remedies
under The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936, Succession among Parsis under Indian
Succession Act, 1925.
 52

Special Marriage Act, 1954 and Uniform Civil Code: 06

Special Marriage Act, 1954: Essential Conditions of marriage under Special Marriage Act, 1954,
Matrimonial Remedies under Special Marriage Act, 1954 Uniform Civil Code: Uniform Civil
Code, Scope, Constitutional Mandate and Judicial Perspectives.

Suggested Readings:
1. Aqil Ahmad, Mohammedan Law Revised by Prof. I. A. Khan 24th Edition 2012, Central
Law Agency, Allahabad.
2. Hidayatullah, M., and Arshad Hidayatullah, Mulla’s Principles of Mohamedan Law,19th
edn. New Delhi: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2006.
3. Asaf A. A Fyzee, Outlines of Mohammandan Law, Oxford University Press New Delhi
4. Kusum, Family Lectures (Lexis Nexis , New Delhi, 2008)
5. Kusum, Cases and Materials on Family Law (Universal Law Publishing Co (P) Ltd, New
Delhi, 2013)
6. Syed Khalid Rashid, Muslim law (Eastern Book Co, Lucknow,2009)
7. Rao Prof. G.C.V. Subba, Family Law in India (S. Gogia& Co., Hyderabad, 2006)
8. Saharay H.K., Family Law In India (Eastern Law House, New Delhi, 2011)
9. Chmpappilly, Sebastian (Dr). Marriage, Adoption and Guardianship and Canon Law on
Marriage, Cochin: Southern Law Publishers
10. Asghar Ali Engineer, the Rights of women in Islam, Sterling Publisher Pvt Ltd. New
Delhi, 1996.
11. Asaf A. A Fyzee, Cases in the Muhammandan Law of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh,
edited by Tahir Mahmood, 2nd ed. Oxford University press, 2005.
12. Sebastian Champappilly Dr., Christian law on Marriage, Adoption & Guardianship and
Canon Law of marriage, Southern law publishers, Cochin 2003.
13. Sebastian Champappilly Dr., Christian law on Divorce, Southern law publishers, Cochin
2003.
14. Sen & Sengupta, Indian Succession Act, 1925, Kamal Law house, Kolkata, 2007.
 53

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- V
COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
CODE
BAL501 Entrepreneurship and Skill Development 4 0 0 4
BAL502 Property and Easement Law 4 0 0 4
BAL503 Criminal Procedure Code- I 4 0 0 4
BAL504 Labour Laws-I 4 0 0 4
BAL505 Administrative Law 4 0 0 4
LC 01 Clinical I Moot Court 2 0 0 2
VAC 03 Value added course III- Gender justice & 2 0 0 2
Feminist jurisprudence
Total 24 0 0 24
 54

Course: Entrepreneurship and Skill Development Semester: V

Course Code: BAL 501 Credits: 4

Objective: To impart basic knowledge of entrepreneurship and small business, prerequisites of starting
own venture and the support available from various government and non-government institutions.

Unit- I
Foundation of Entrepreneurship: 12
Concept and need of entrepreneurship, Characteristics and types of entrepreneurship, Charm of
becoming an entrepreneur, Entrepreneurial decision process, Entrepreneurship as a career,
Entrepreneurship as a style of management, Changing role of the entrepreneur, Entrepreneurial
traits, Factors affecting entrepreneur.

UNIT-II
Theories of Entrepreneurship: 14
Influences on entrepreneurship development, External influences on entrepreneurship
development: socio-cultural, political and economical, Personal entrepreneurial success and
failure, Reasons and remedies, Women entrepreneurs, Challenges and achievements of women
entrepreneurs.

UNIT-III
Entrepreneurial Motivation and Competencies: 16
Meaning of entrepreneurial motivation, Motivation cycle or process, Theories of entrepreneurial
motivation, Entrepreneurial motivating factors, Changes in entrepreneurial motivation,
Entrepreneurial motivation behavior, Meaning of entrepreneurial competencies, Major
entrepreneurial competencies, developing entrepreneurial competencies.

UNIT-IV
Opportunities Identification and Selection: 08
Need for opportunities identification and selection, Environmental dynamics and changes,
Business Opportunities in various sectors, Identification of business opportunities, Opportunity
selection.
Business Planning Process: 06
The business plan as an entrepreneurial tool, Elements of business planning, Objectives, Market
analysis, Development of product/idea, Marketing, Finance, Organization and management,
Ownership, Critical risk contingencies of the proposal, Scheduling and milestones.
Entrepreneurship Development and Government: 08
Role of central government and state government in promoting entrepreneurship with various
incentives, subsidies, grants, programmed schemes and challenges, Government initiatives and
inclusive entrepreneurial growth.

Suggested Readings:
1. Desai, Vasant, Dynamics of Entrepreneurship: New Venture Creation, Prentice Hall of
India
[Link], M.J, Entrepreneurship: New Venture Creation, Prentice Hall of India
[Link], F. Donald and Richard, M. Hodgetts, Entrepreneurshi.
 55

Course: Property and Easement Law Semester: V

Course Code: BAL 502 Credits: 4
Objective: This paper will make the student aware about all the aspects related to movable and
immovable properties and the provisions related to their transfer.

Unit- I
Introduction to the Transfer of Property Act, 1882: 04
Object and Scope of the Act, Fundamental Concepts, Classification of Property, Interpretation
Clauses.
Transfer of Property: 04
Non-transferable Property, Persons Competent to Transfer, Operation of Transfer, Condition
Restraining Alienation.
Transfers in Future: 04
Transfer for Benefit of Unborn Person, Rule against Perpetuity, Vested Interest, Contingent
Interest, Conditional Transfer.
Doctrine of Election and Apportionment: 02
Doctrine of Election, Apportionment
Transfers in Special Circumstances: 02
Limited Power of Transfer, Right of Persons Entitled to Maintenance, Restrictive Covenants,
Transfer by Ostensible Owner, Doctrine of LisPendens, and Doctrine of Part Performance.

Unit- II
Sale of Immovable Property: 08
Meaning and Definition of Sale, Essential Elements and Mode of Effecting Sale, Rights and
Liabilities of Seller, Rights and Liabilities of Buyer.
Mortgages of Immovable Property: 06
Meaning and Definition of Mortgage, Kinds of Mortgages. Rights and Liabilities of Mortgagor:
Rights of Mortgagor, Liabilities of Mortgagor. Rights and Liabilities of Mortgagee: Right to
Foreclose or Sale, Right to Sue for Mortgage Money, Right to Sale Without Intervention of
Court, Right to Accession of Mortgaged Property, Right of Possession, Right of a Mortgage
Against Other Mortgagees, Liabilities of Mortgagee in Possession.
Priority: 02
Postponement of Prior Mortgagee, Mortgage to Secure Uncertain Amount.
Charge and Mortgage: 06
Definition and Salient Features, Creation of Charge, Kinds of Charge, Distinction between
Charge and Mortgage, Remedies of Charge Holder.

Unit- III
Marshalling and Contribution: 04
Doctrine of Marshalling, Doctrine of Contribution.
Leases of Immovable Property: 06
Essential Features of Lease, Lease Proceeding, Kinds of Leases, Distinction between License
and Lease, Difference between Lease and Easement , Rights and Liabilities of Lessor and
Lessee, Termination of Lease.
Exchanges: 04
Meaning and Essentials of Exchange, Mode of Transfer, Rights and Liabilities of Parties,
Exchange of Money.
 56

Unit- IV
Gifts and Actionable Claims: 06
Meaning and Definition of Gift, Essentials of Gift, Types of Gift, Universal Donee, Gift Under
Mohammedan Law, Gift and Other Deeds, Registration and Revocation of Gift, Actionable
Claims.
Easements: 06
Meaning and Definition of Easement, Elements of an Easement, Classification of Easements,
Natural Rights and Customary Rights, Licenses, Imposition, Acquisition and Transfer of
Easement, Incidents of Easement, Extinction, Suspension, Revival of Easements, Termination of
Easement.

Suggested Readings:
1. Mulla, Transfer of Property, Butterworths Publications.
2. Rao GCV Subba, Commentaries on the Transfer of Property Act.
3. Menon Krishna, Law of Property.
4. Upadhya's, Common Matrix of Transfer of Property.
 57

Course: Criminal Procedure Code-I Semester: V

Course Code: BAL 503 Credits: 4

Objective: The law of criminal procedure is meant to be complementary to substantive criminal law and
has been design to ensure the process of administration of criminal justice.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 02
Object and Importance of Criminal Procedure, the importance of fair trial, territorial divisions,
Hierarchy of Criminal Courts, classification of offences, importance of fair trial, Constitutional
Perspectives.
Functionaries under the Criminal Procedure Code 1973: 08
The organization of Police, Prosecutor and Defense Counsel, prison authorities and their duties,
functions and powers.

UNIT-II
Pre-trial process: 18
Arrest, Meaning and purpose, Steps to ensure accused’s presence at trial: warrant and summons.
Arrest with and without Warrant, after arrest procedure, Rights of arrested persons under
Criminal Procedure Code , Ss. 41,41D, 46,47 , Persons arrested to be informed of grounds of
arrest and of right to bail (S.50).Obligation of person making arrest to inform about the arrest
etc., to a nominated person (.50A).Persons arrested not to be detained more than 24 hours( S.57)
Right of the accused to be defended by a Lawyer of his choice (S.303),Legal Aid to accused at
State expense in certain cases (S.304), Trial to be held in open court( S.327) and Article 22 (2) of
the Constitution of India,, the absconder status (Section 82,83,84 and 85)
UNIT-III
Police Investigation: 16
Search and Seizure (Sections 154,176 with focus on 154, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165,166, 167, 173,
176 Cr PC), essentials of F.I.R and its evidentiary value, police officer’s powers to investigate
cognizable cases, procedure for investigation, police officer’s powers to require attendance of
witnesses, examination of witnesses by the police, recording of confessions and statements and
report of police officer on completion of investigation, Inquiry, Search with and without
warrant, Police search during investigation, General Principles of Search, Seizure, Constitutional
aspects of validity of Search and Seizure proceedings.
Local Jurisdiction of the courts and police (177,183): 06
Power of the State to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions (185), Power to
enquire into or try offences committed outside India(187) , consequences of failure to follow the
rules.
UNIT-IV
Cognizance of Offence and Commencement of judicial Proceedings (190, 199, 200, 201,
210): 06
Meaning, pre cognizance stage (scrutiny of the complaint), limitations, Dismissal of complaints
(Section 203, 204), Issue of process.
Charge: 04
Farming of charge, Form and content of charge (Section 211, 212, 216) , Separate charges for
distinct offence (Section 218, 219, 220, 221,223) , Discharge, pre-charge evidence.
 58

Provision under Cr.P.C. for the prevention of Offence: 04

Security proceeding, Conditional order for nuisance, Oder incase of dispute in respect of
immovable property, Maintenance proceedings.
Suggested Readings:

1. Kelkar R.V., Criminal Procedure, 3rd Edn. Eastern Book Co., Lucknow, 1993.

2. lalRatan and lalDhiraj, The Code of Criminal Procedure, 15th Edn. Wadhwa& Co.,.

3. ReddiPadala Rama, The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.

4. Misra S.N. Prof.,The Code of Criminal Procedure, Central Law Agency.

5. Tandon M.P., Criminal Procedure Code, Allahabad Law Agency.

6. TyageShoorvir, The Code of Criminal Procedure, Allahabad Law Agency.

 59

Course: Labour Laws -I Semester: V

Course Code: BAL 504 Credits: 4
Objective: The scope of the subject is make the student well versed with the labour legislations.
The labour legislations ensure proper work conditions for labour in various workplaces,
minimum wages, and proper working hours.

Unit- I
Industrial Jurisprudence and principles of labour legislation: 08
Historical Perspective on Labour, slave labour, guild system, division on class basis. Labour
conflicts, unorganized labour, surplus labour, and division of labour. Laissez faire to Welfare
State, Transition from exploitation to protection and from contract to status. Labour Policy in
India, International Labour Standards and their implementation.
Discipline in industry: 08
Meaning of discipline and causes of indiscipline in industry. Doctrine of hire and fire.
Restraints on managerial prerogatives, Fairness in disciplinary process, right to know the charge
sheet and right of hearing. Domestic enquiry , notice, evidence, cross-examination,
representation, unbiased inquiry officer and reasoned decision. Prenatal (permission) and
Postnatal (approval) control during pendency of proceedings (Sec.33 of ID Act).

Unit- II
Industrial dispute Act: 16
Conceptual conundrum: industry, industrial dispute, workmen, (Sec.2’j’k’&’s’), Dispute
settlement machinery: Conciliation officers, Board of Conciliation, labour court, Industrial
Tribunal and National Tribunal , duties and powers, (Sec3,10), Reference for adjudication and
Voluntary Arbitration (Sec.10 & 10A), Award and its binding nature and judicial review of
awards. (Secs.18 & 11,A), Statutory limitations on strikes and lock outs, unfair labour practices ,
prohibition and penalties. (Sec.22,31&25,T, 25U), General and special provisions relating to
layoff, retrenchment & closure (Sections 25A,25S & 25K,25R), Recommendations of Second
Labour Commission on industrial disputes.

Unit- III
Trade Union Act: 12
Colonial labour law and policy, Labour Movement as a counter measure to exploitation. History
of trade union movement in India. Right to trade union as part of human right to freedom of
association. Role of trade unions in the changing economic scenario. Registration of Trade
Unions, Obligations of Trade Union, Recognition of Trade Union.
Collective bargaining: 08
Concept of collective bargaining, essential characteristics , merits and demerits conditions for
the success for collective bargaining, Bargaining process: Negotiation , Pressurization
techniques: Strike and lockout, go slow, work to rule, gherao, Structure of bargaining: plant,
industry and national levels, Recognition of trade union for collective bargaining.

Unit- IV
Minimum Wages Act, 1948: 04
Objectives and constitutional validity of the Act, procedure for fixation and revision of minimum
rates of wages , exemptions and exceptions.
 60

Payment of Wages Act, 1936: 04

Regulation of payment of wages, Authorized Deductions.

Payment of Bonus Act: 04

Bonus, Its historical background, present position and exemptions , Payment of Bonus
(Amendment) Act, 2007.

Suggested Readings:
1. Srivastava, Law of Trade Unions, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.
2. Rustomji R.F., Law of Industrial Dispute, Asia Publishing House, Mumbai.
3. Malik J.N., Trade Union Law.
4. Khan& Khan, Labour Law, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.
5. Misra S.N., Labour and Industrial Laws, Central law publication,22nd edition. 2006.
6. Goswami N.G., Labour and Industrial Laws, Central Law Agency.
7. Srivastava K.D., Payment of Bonus Act, Eastern Book Company.
8. Srivastava K.D., Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1947.
9. Srivastava S.C., Treatise on Social Security.
10. Singh Jidwitesukumar , Labour Economics, Deep& Deep, New Delhi.
11. Rao V.J., Factories Law.
12. Kumar Anil, Social Security and Labour Welfare, Deep & Deep Publications, 2003.
13. Pillai K M, Labour and Industrial Law, 10th Edn, 2005, Allahabad Law Agency, Allahabad.
 61

Course: Administrative Law Semester: V

Course Code: BAL 505 Credits: 4
Objective: Objective is to lay emphasis on understanding the structure and modus operandi of
administration along with the role of agencies playing in our modern constitutional form of
government and their limits, and the ways in which courts do and do not constrain agencies
through judicial review.
Unit- I
Introduction: 08
Administrative Law: Meaning, Definitions, Nature and Scope, historical growth and
development of administrative law: England, US, France, India, reasons for growth of
administrative law relationship between Constitutional law and Administrative law.

Unit- II
Basic Constitutional Principles: 08
Rule of Law, Interpretation of Dicey’s Principles of Rule of law, Rule of law in Indian
constitution, Modern Concept of Rule of law, Theory of Separation of Powers, Separation of
power in practice in US, England in India, Separation of power in Indian Constitution.
Administrative Action: 06
Needs for classification of administrative actions, legislative, executive and judicial functions:
general distinctions, distinctions between administrative and quasi-judicial functions.

Unit- III
Delegated Legislation: 14
Delegated Legislation: Meaning and definition, reasons of Growth of delegated legislation,
Classification of delegated legislation: Valid, Excessive, Conditional and Sub-delegation,
Control over the delegated legislation: judicial and legislative.
Administrative Adjudication: 06
Natural Justice: meaning and scope, Principles of natural justice: Rule against Bias, The Right to
Fair Hearing Right of Counsel and Friends, Reasoned decisions, Breach of natural justice and its
effects.
Judicial Control of Administrative action and discretion: 06
Meaning of administrative discretion and judicial review, Failure to exercise discretion, excess or
abuse of discretion, judicial remedy to the individual aggrieved by the action of administrative
authority: Writs and others types of remedy.

Unit- IV
New Growth in Administrative law: 14
Administrative Tribunal, Ombudsman, Commission of Inquiries, Public Corporation.

Suggested Readings:
1. Takwani C.K., Lectures on Administrative Law, 5th Edn, 2012, Eastern Book Company.
2. [Link], Administrative Law, Eastern Book Company, 5th Edn. 2001.
3. Griffith and Street, Principles of Administrative Law.
4. Wade H.W.R., Administrative Law, Oxford Publications, 8th Edn. 2000, London.
5. Smith De, Judicial Review of Administrative Action, Sweet and Maxwell, 1998.
6. Sathe S.P., Administrative Law, Butterworth’s, 6th Edn. 1998.
 62

Course: Clinical- I Moot Court Semester: V

Course Code: LC 01 Credits: 2
Objective: The main object of this paper is to teach, the techniques of court proceedings,
Preparation of case files and memorials, Make them aware with the practice of the court and
advocacy through the Moot Court Trials.

NOTE: This clinical paper shall carry 50 marks for theory and 20 marks for viva, so total marks
for clinical paper is 70. Viva shall be taken by external members.

UNIT- I
Introduction: 04
Meaning and Importance, Difference between Moot Court and Court, History of Moot Court, In
England, U.S.A and India, Importance or advantages or educational value of Moot Courts.
Manner of organizing or conducting the Moot Court: 04
Imaginary legal case, Decided Case and moot Court on specific legal subject, Factors for
Success, Preparation of case, judicial system in India and pleading.
Writing a Moot Court Speech(Written Memorial): 02
First Draft, Written submissions, jurisdiction, Statement of facts, Issues of law, Citations,
Conclusion, Bibliography.

UNIT- II
Duties of Advocates and Judges: 02
Duties of Judges, Duties of Advocates, Duty to the Court, Duties to the Clients, Duty to
opponent, Duty to Colleagues, duty in imparting training, seven lamps of advocacy.
Hierarchy of Courts in India: 02
Hierarchy of Criminal Courts, Hierarchy of Civil Courts
Jurisdiction and powers of Supreme Court: 03
Original Jurisdiction, Appellate Jurisdiction, Advisory Jurisdiction, Judicial Review

UNIT- III
Interviewing Technique, Pretrial Preparations and Participation in Trial Proceedings,
Civil matters: 05
Procedure before hearing, pretrial preparation, essentials of a suit, Stages of a suit, place of
suing, parties to suit, pleading.
Pretrial Preparations and Participation in Trial Proceedings, Criminal matters: 03
Complaint, Police Report, Bailable, non-bailable offence, investigation, inquiry, trial, summon
case, warrant case, Appeal, Reference and revision.
Procedure in Contempt Cases: 03
Contempt of Court, meaning and Categories, procedure in Contempt cases

UNIT- IV
Drafting of writ Petition:
Writs, Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition, Quo-warranto, Writ Jurisdiction Of
Supreme Courts, Article 32,Writ Jurisdiction of High Courts, Article 226.
Art of Cross examination and Argument: 02
Introduction, Examination in chief, Cross examination, Reexamination.
 63

Consumer Disputes Redressal agencies and central Administrative Tribunal: 02

District forum, state commission, National Commission.
Central administrative Tribunal: 02
Jurisdiction, powers and authority.

Suggested Readings:
1. Rai Kailash Dr., Moot Court Pre-Trial Preparation and Participation in Trial
Proceedings, Central Law Publication.
2. DandaAmita, Moot Court for Interactive Legal Education, Gogia Law Agency,
Hyderabad.
3. Blackstone's, Books of Moots, Oxford University Press.
4. Mishra, Moot Court Pre-Trial Preparation and Participation in Trial Proceedings, Central
Law, Allahabad.
 64

Course: Value added course- Gender Justice and Feminist Jurisprudence Semester: V

Course Code: VAC 03 Credits: 2

Objective: To understand the status of women and feminist legal theory is dedicated to changing
women's status through a reworking of the law and its approach to gender.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 02
Women empowerment as a social change , Role of law in empowering women, Feminism and
Feminist Jurisprudence , Emergence of feminism and feminist jurisprudence, Different theories
of feminism and feminist jurisprudence, Distinction between male and female gender, concept
of gender justice, Gender Discrimination, Gender Equality.
Constitutional Provisions Relating to Gender Justice: 08
Gender Justice under the constitution of India, Social justice and gender justice, inter
relationship , Article 14, 15 and 16, Article 21 & 23, Directive Principles of State Policy and
fundamental duties, Reservation women under 73rd &74th Constitutional amendment, Judicial
approaches to equality , Formal & Substantive equality, National Commission for Women,
Composition, Powers and Functions, Protectionist approaches of Judiciary towards women,
Role of Human Rights Commissions, Women's Commission and Judiciary ensuring gender
justice.

UNIT-II
International Perspective: 12
Role of United Nations for Human Rights of Women, Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
1948, Convention on Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women 1979,
Declaration on Elimination of Violence against Women, 1993. ILO Conventions and
Recommendations regarding protection of women labour.

UNIT-III
Protection Laws Relating to Women: 06
Nature , Meaning and Scope of Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 , The Protection of Women from
Domestic Violence Act,2005, Law relating to Sexual Harassment Act,2013 with latest
amendment, Protection of Women under Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1956 – An Overview.

UNIT-IV
Health Laws Relating to Women: 06
Maternity Laws, The Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex
Selection) Act, 1994, Preliminary regulation of genetic counseling centers, Genetic laboratories
and genetic clinics, Regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques, Central Supervisory Board,
Appropriate authority and Advisory Committee, Offences and Penalties.

Suggested Readings:
1. Diwan Paras, Law relating to Dowry, Dowry Death, Bride Burning, Rape and Related Offences.
2. Pandey J.N, Constitutional Law of India
3. V.N. Shukla, Constitution of India
4. Tripathi and Arora , Law Relating to Women & Children
 65

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- VI
COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
CODE
BAL601 Legal Language 4 0 0 4
BAL602 Law of Evidence 4 0 0 4
BAL603 Criminal Procedure Code-II 4 0 0 4
BAL604 Labour Laws-II 4 0 0 4
BAL605 Company Law 4 0 0 4
LC 02 Clinical-II Professional Ethics 2 0 0 2
OC 03 Mooc- III 0 1 1 2
LIP 03 Legal Internship Program-III 0 0 2 2
Total 22 1 3 26
 66

Course: Legal Language Semester: VI

Course Code: BAL 601 Credits: 4
Objective: Law has its own technical language which is called legal language. Lawyers, judges
and legal draftsmen are concerned with legal language. The objective is to provide the students
the knowledge of legal language, its terminology and its style.

Unit I
Introduction: 08
Sessions Language, Legal Language, English as legal language in India, Distinct features and
characteristics of legal language, Indian language as legal language, Definition and general
clauses.
Explanation of Terminology: 14
Municipal Law/International Law, Private Law/Public Law, Constitutional Law/Administrative
Law, Criminal Law/Civil Law, Substantive Law/Procedural Law, Common Law, Ratio
Decidendi, Obiter Dictum, Doctrine of Stare Decisis, Doctrine of Res Judicata.

Unit II
Legal Terminology: 08
Sessions Meaning and explanation of legal terms, Use of equivalent legal terms, Guidelines to
read Latin words, phrases and maxims.
Foreign (Latin) Legal Maxims: 08
Sessions Actus Non Facit Reum Nisi Mens Sit Rea, Audi Alteram Partem, Damnum Sine Injuria,
Injuria Sine Damno, Nemo Dat Quod Non Habet etc.

Unit III
Courts and Hierarchy: 12
Sessions Hierarchy of Criminal Courts, Hierarchy of Civil Courts, Nyaya Panchayats and
Criminal Jurisdiction, Village Panchayats and Civil Jurisdiction, Revenue Courts.

Unit IV
Decided Cases: 14
Commentaries of renowned authors and reports, Law reports in England, Law reports in India,
Prominent Law reports and journals.
Explanation of Citations and References of Case Laws, Analysis of Case Laws, Application of
Decided cases.

Suggested Readings:
1. Myneni, Dr. S. R., Legal Language and Legal Writing, 1st edition, Asia Law House.
2. Sridhar, Dr. Madabhushi, Legal Language, 2nd edition, Asia Law House.
 67

Course: Law of Evidence Semester: VI

Course Code: BAL 602 Credits: 4
Objective: To impart knowledge among the students regarding the principles of Indian evidence.

Unit- I
Introduction to Law of Evidence: 04
Purpose of the Law of Evidence, History of the Law of Evidence, The British Principles of
Evidence , Salient Features of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 , Kinds of Evidence.
Theory of Relevancy: 04
Presumptions, Facts in Issue, Relevant Facts, Admissibility and Relevancy.
Facts, Relevancy (Section 6-16): 06
Doctrine of Res Gestae, Proof of Conspiracy, Problems of Relevancy of Facts not Otherwise
Relevant, Proof of Custom, Facts Concerning State of Mind and Body.

Unit- II
Admissions and Confessions (Section 17-31): 08
General Principles Concerning Admissions, Involuntary Confessions made by “Inducement,
Threat or Promise, Confession made to Police Officer , ‘Custodial’ Confessions, Statements
Leading to Discovery of Facts, Confession by Co-accused.
Statements by Persons who cannot be called as Witnesses: 04
Persons who cannot be called as Witnesses, Dying Declaration, Other Statements, Statements
made in Judicial Proceedings, Statements made under Special Circumstances.
Relevancy of Judgments (Section 52-55): 04
Relevance of Previous Judgments, Judgments as Conclusive Proof, Judgments When Irrelevant,
Fraud or Collusion in Obtaining Judgment.
Relevancy of Opinion and Character: 04
Expert Evidence, Opinion in Other Cases when Relevant, Relevance of Character.

Unit- III
Oral and Documentary Evidence: 04
Primary and Secondary Evidence, Circumstances under which the secondary evidence is
allowed, Oral Evidence, Documentary Evidence, Public and Private Documents, Exclusion of
Oral Evidence by Documentary Evidence, Rules for Interpretation or Construction of
Documents.
Presumptions(Section 79-88 and 111-A-114-A): 04
Presumption as to Documents, Presumption as to Public Documents, Presumption as to Ancient
Documents.
Burden of Proof and Onus of Proof (Section 101-114-A): 06
Facts which need not be proved, Principles of Burden of Proof, Standard of Proof in Civil and
Criminal Proceedings, Presumptions.

Unit- IV
Estoppel (Section 115-117): 06
Doctrine of Estoppel, Classification of Estoppel , Estoppel, Res Judicata and Waiver, Promisory
Estoppel and Equitable Estoppel.
 68

Competency and Compellability of Witnesses (Section 133, 114): 06

Competency of Witnesses, Compellability of Witnesses (Privileged Communications),
Accomplice Evidence, Hostile Witness.

Examination of Witnesses: 04
Kinds of Examination of Witnesses, Cross-examination of Witnesses, Contradictory and
Corroborative Evidence, Powers of Judges regarding Witnesses, Improper Admission and
Rejection of Evidence, Leading Questions, when it can/cannot be asked.

Suggested Readings:
1. Lal Batuk, The Law of Evidence, 13th Edition, Central Law Agency, Allahabad, 1998.
2. Munir M., Principles and Digest of the Law of Evidence, 10th Edition (in 2 vols),
Universal Book Agency, Allahabad, 1994.
3. Saradhi Vepa P., Law of Evidence, 4th Edn. Eastern Book Co., Lucknow, 1989.
4. Singh Avtar, Principles of the Law of Evidence, 11th Edn. Central Law Publications.
5. Chary V. Krishnama, The Law of Evidence, 4th Edn. [Link] & Company.
6. Woodroffe and Ali Amir, Law of Evidence, 20th Edition 4 Vol. Set,Lexis Nexis, 2017
[Link], on evidence
[Link], on Evidence
 69

Course: Criminal Procedure Code -II Semester: VI

Course Code: BAL 603 Credits: 4

Objective: The law of criminal procedure is meant to be complementary to substantive criminal

law and has been design to ensure the process of administration of criminal justice.

UNIT-I
Basic Features of Fair Trial: 15
S.273, Evidence to be taken in presence of accused (Section 221,224) , Presumption of
innocence, Venue of trial, Right of the accused to know the accusation (Section 221,224),
Principle of Autrifois acquit Autrifois Convict(300), Power to examine the accused (S.313) , No
influence to be used to induce disclosure( S.316), Provision for inquiries and trial being held
in the absence of accused in certain cases(S.317), Withdrawal from prosecution (S.321) ,Right to
speedy trial, Trial , Trial before a Court of Session: Trial of Warrant cases , Trial of Summons
cases , Summary Trial.

UNIT-II
Victim Protection and Participation (Ss. 2(wa), 265A,L, 357, 357A, 372 Cr PC): 03
Victim Protection and Compensation, Rights of Victims, Plea Bargaining,154th Report of the
Law Commission of India, pp. 51,54 1996).
Law Relating to Bail: (Sections 436,439 Cr PC): 08
Principles governing grant of bail in bailable and non-bailable offences, The concept of
anticipatory bail, Appellate bail powers ((389(1), 395(1), 437(5) cancellation of bail, General
Principles concerning Bail Bond.
Judgment: 03
Form and content, Post conviction orders (Section 360, 361, 31) , Compensation and Costs
(Section 357,358) , Pronouncement of Judgment.

UNIT-III
Appeal, Revision: 25
No appeal in certain cases (Section 372,375,376), The rationale of appeals, review revision, The
multiple range of appellate remedies: Supreme Court of India (Section 374, 379, Articles 31,
132,134,136), High Court ( Section 374), Sessions Court (Section 374), Special right to appeal
(Section 380) ,Governmental appeal against sentencing (Section 377, 378), Judicial power in
disposal of appeals (Section 368), Legal aid in appeals, Revisional jurisdiction (Sections
397,405), Transfer of cases(Section 406,407).

UNIT-IV
Execution of Sentence: 05
Suspension, Remission and Commutation of Sentences.
Juvenile Justice System: 05
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act of 2000, Procedure under Juvenile Justice
Act, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Juveniles, Protection of Juvenile Offenders, Legislative
and Judicial Role.
 70

Suggested Readings:
1. Kelkar R.V., Criminal Procedure, 3rd Edn. Eastern Book Co., Lucknow, 1993.
2. lalRatan and lalDhiraj, The Code of Criminal Procedure, 15th Edn. Wadhwa& Co.,.
3. ReddiPadala Rama, The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.
4. Misra Prof. S.N,The Code of Criminal Procedure, Central Law Agency.
5. Tandon M.P., Criminal Procedure Code, Allahabad Law Agency.
6. TyageShoorvir, The Code of Criminal Procedure, Allahabad Law Agency.
 71

Course: Labour Laws- II Semester: VI

Course Code: BAL 604 Credits: 4

Objective: The subject should be taught keeping in mind that the Law students will be joining the
industry, therefore the emphasis should be on the practical aspect and uses of Industrial Law by the
Organization. To sensitize the students to the tasks of industrial relations and to familiarize them with the
current IR practices.

UNIT-I
The Factories Act, 1948: 12
Definitions, rights and obligations of workers, Occupier’s General Duties, Manufacturer’s
Duties, Factories Inspector and his Powers, approval, Licensing and registration of factories,
Health, safety, welfare provisions, Restrictions on Employment of Women and Young Children.

UNIT-II
The Mines Act, 1952: 12
Definitions, Management of mines, duties and responsibilities of owners, agents, and managers,
Health, safety, medical and accident provisions, working hours and conditions of employment,
Exemptions of the owner, agent or manager.
The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961: 06
Definitions, Registration of Motor Transport Undertakings, Powers of the Inspectors, Welfare
and Health Provisions.

UNIT-III
Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948: 04
Scope and Coverage, Definitions Contribution, Benefits under the Act, General rules concerning
benefits, Dispute and claim settlement under the Act.
Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952: 06
Applicability, Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme 1952, Family Pension Scheme 1971,
Employees Pension Scheme Authorities under the Act.
Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972: 04
Meaning of employee, employer, continuous service, etc. Conditions for payment and forfeiture
of gratuity. Computation of gratuity, Authorities under the Act and their powers and functions.

UNIT-IV
Workmen’s compensation Act, 1923: 06
Definitions, aims & object, Liability of employer, notional extension & defences, Determination
of amount of compensation, compensation when due, penalty for default, contracting out,
Appointment & powers of commissioner.
Maternity Benefit Act, 1961: 04
Nature and scope of the Act, Restrictions on employment of women, Right to maternity benefit
and its calculation, Entitlement and forfeiture of maternity benefit, Other benefits and Inspectors
under the Act , their powers, functions and duties.
Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act, 1976: 06
Abolition of Bonded Labor System, Extinguishing of Liability, Property to be freed from
Mortgage, Duty of District Magistrate, Vigilance Committee.
 72

Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986: 06

Constitutional framework, National Policy on Child Labor in India 1987, The Second National
Commission on Labor (2002), International Labor Organization, Prohibition of Employment of
Children in certain Occupations and Processes, Hours and Period of Work.

Suggested Readings:
1. Misra S.N., Labour and Industrial Laws, Central law publication,22nd edition. 2006.
2. Goswami N.G., Labour and Industrial Laws, Central Law Agency.
3. Khan &Kahan, LabourLaw,Asia Law house, Hyderabad
4. Srivastava K.D., Payment of Bonus Act, Eastern Book Company
5. Srivastava K.D., Payment of Wages Act
6. Srivastava K.D., Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1947
7. Srivastava S.C., Treatise on Social Security
8. Singh Jidwitesukumar , Labour Economics, Deep& Deep, New Delhi
9. Rao V.J., Factories Law
10. Kumar Anil, Social Security and Labour Welfare, Deep & Deep Publications, 2003
11. Pillai K M, Labour and Industrial Law, 10th Edn, 2005, Allahabad Law Agency, Allahabad.
12. Reports: Law Commission of India 62nd Report on Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923.
 73

Course: Company Law Semester: VI

Course Code: BAL 605 Credits: 4
Objective: To enable the student to understand the basics of company law and to examine the
new concepts introduced along with the judicial pronouncements.

UNIT-1
Introduction and Meaning: 10
Meaning of Company, various theories of Corporate Personality, essential characteristics of a
company.
Forms of Corporate and Non-corporate Entities: 10
Corporations, Partnerships and other associations of persons, State Corporations, Government
companies, Public Sector, Small Scale Industries, Co-operative Societies, Corporate and Joint
Sectors, Foreign Collaboration, Role, Functions and Accountability, Companies, Civil and
Criminal Liability.

UNIT-II
Formalities of a Company: 05
Law relating to Companies: Objectives of the Companies Act 2013 , Need of company for
development, Promoters, Role of Promoters, Rights and Liabilities, Pre-incorporation contracts ,
Formation of a Company, Registration and Incorporation.
Types of Companies: 05
Public Company, Private Company and One Person Company, Memorandum of Association:
Doctrine of Ultra Vires, Articles of Association: Binding force, Alteration, Relations with
Memorandum of Association, Doctrine of Constructive Notice and Indoor Management,
Exceptions: Lifting of Corporate Veil.
Prospectus: 05
Issue, contents, liability for misstatements, Statement in lieu of Prospectus, Allotment of
Securities.

UNIT-III
Share Capital and Debentures: 05
Shares, General principles of Allotment, Statutory Restrictions, Share certificate, Transfer of
share, Restrictions on transfer, Procedure for transfer, refusal of transfer, Role of Public
Financial Institutions, Relationship between Transferor and Transferee, Issue of shares at
Premium and Discount, Shareholder.
Shareholders: 05
Modes of becoming a shareholder, calls on shares, forfeiture and surrender of shares, lien on
shares, rights and liabilities of shareholder, Difference between Shareholder and Member:
Register of members, Share Capital: kinds, alteration and reduction of share capital, further issue
of capital, Conversion of loans and debentures into capital, duties of court to protect the interests
of creditors and shareholders.
Directors: 05
Appointment, qualifications, vacation of office, removal, resignation, Powers and duties of
directors, Meeting, registers, loans, Remunerations of directors, additional, nominee, and
alternate director, Role of independent directors, compensation for loss of office, managing
directors and other managerial personnel, Directors Identification Number (DIN): Nomination
and Remuneration Committee and Stakeholders Relationship Committee.
 74

UNIT-IV
Meetings: 05
Meetings, kinds, Statutory Meeting, Annual General Meeting, Extraordinary General Meeting,
Notice, Procedure, Quorum, Voting rights, Resolution, Minutes, Inspection and Maintenance of
meetings books.
Dividends, Accounts and Audit: 06
Dividend, Types of Dividend, Interim and Final, Investor Education and Protection Fund,
Accounts, Constitution of National Financial Reporting Authority, Corporate Social
Responsibility, Audit, Appointment, Removal and Resignation of Auditors, Powers and Duties
of Auditors, Audit Standards, Audited Financial Statements, Powers of Registrar and Rights of
Member, Audit Committee.
Corporate Social Responsibility: 03

The need and importance, Provisions related to CSR under the Companies Act 2013.

Suggested Readings:
1. Thomson J.M., Palmer’s Company Law.
2. Gower, Principles of Modern Company Law.
3. Singh Avatar, Principles of Company Law.
4. Verma J.C., Corporate Mergers, Amalgamations.
5. Chakraborthi A.M., Company Notices, Meetings and Resolutions.
6. Iyer L.V.V., Guide to Company Directors.
7. Shah S.M.,Lectures on Company Law.
8. Paranjape. N.V. Dr, Company Law, 4th edition Central Law Agency, 2007.
9. Tripathi S.C. Dr., Modern Company Law, Second edition , 2006.
 75

Course: Clinical- II Professional Ethics Semester: VI

Course Code: LC 02 Credits: 2

Objective: To impart knowledge about Importance of Professional Ethics in India, its limitations and
possibility of reforms.

NOTE: This clinical paper shall carry 50 marks for theory and 20 marks for viva, so total marks
for clinical paper is 70. Viva shall be taken by external members.

UNIT-I
Introduction to Legal Profession: 04
Law and Legal Profession, Development of Legal Profession in India, Right to practice, Right or
privilege, Constitutional guarantee under Article 19(g) and its scope, Legal profession in US, UK
and Australia.
Professional Conduct: 04
General Rules of Professional Conduct, Persons entitled for Legal Practice, Privileges of
Lawyer.

UNIT-II
Advocate and Advocacy: 10
Regulation Governing Enrolment and Practice, Salient Features of Advocates Act 1961 ,Practice
of Law, Business, Solicitors firm, Industry, Elements of Advocacy, Ethics, Seven lamps of
Advocacy, Duty to the court, profession, client, opponent, self, public and state , Pleadings and
cross examination, All India Bar Examination, Recognition as Senior Advocates, Enrolment of
Advocates to Supreme Court of India.
Bar Associations and Bar Council: 08
State Bar council, establishment, elections, powers and functions, Bar Council of India,
Autonomy, Elections, Powers and functions, Transfer of name from one state to another state,
Procedure and effect, Disciplinary Proceedings, Removal of names and Remedies, Bar Council
Code of Ethics.

UNIT-III
Contempt of Court: 14
Meaning and categories of Contempt, Criminal and Civil, Origin, development, object and
constitutional validity of contempt law, Contempt by State and Corporate bodies , Defences and
Punishment for contempt of court, Selected major judgments of the Supreme Court.
Professional Ethics: 12
Ethics and Professional Ethics, Code of Conduct, Professional negligence of lawyers,
Professional misconduct, Punishment and Remedies.

UNIT-IV
Advocates Welfare and Opinions of Bar Council of India: 06
Objectives and Salient features of Advocates Welfare Act 2001 , Various Welfare activities for
advocate , Opinions of Disciplinary Committee, Disciplinary Committee Appeals and BCI
Transfer Cases.
 76

Accountancy for Lawyers: 06

Nature and functions of accounting , Importance branches of accounting , Accounting and law ,
Use of knowledge of accountancy in legal disputes , Accountancy in lawyers’ office , Extracts of
Bar Council of India Rules.

Suggested Readings:
1. Myneni S.R., Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers and Bench,Bar Relation, Asia
Law House, Hyderabad.
2. Gupta S.P., Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers and Bench,Bar Relation, Asia
Law House, Hyderabad.
3. Rai Kailash, Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers and Bench,Bar Relation,
Allahabad Law Agency.
4. Siroh, Professional Ethics, Central Law Publications, Allahabad.
5. Jha Ramachandra, Selected Judgements on Professional Ethics, published by Bar Council
of India Trust, 2002.
6. Reddy G.B. Dr., Practical Advocacy of Law, 2nd Ed. 2005. Gogia Law Agency.
Hyderabad.
 77

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- VII
COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
CODE
BAL 701 Civil Procedure Code-I 4 0 0 4
BAL 702 Law of Taxation- I 4 0 0 4
BAL 703 Intellectual Property Rights 4 0 0 4
BAL 704 Jurisprudence 4 0 0 4
LC 03 Clinical-III ADR 2 0 0 2
EL 01, A/B Elective – I (Optional) 3 0 0 3
VAC 04 Value added course IV-Right to 2 0 0 2
Information Act 2005
Total 23 0 0 23
 78

Course: Civil Procedure Code-I Semester: VII

Course Code: BAL 701 Credits: 4
Objective: The courts are not free to decide the matters without following any procedure or with
arbitrariness. The certain norms are fixed to be followed in the form of CPC. This subject
provides complete knowledge of procedure to be followed in courts to secure ends of justice.

UNIT-I
Civil Procedure Code: 04
Introduction, Distinction between procedural law and substantive law, History of the code, extent
and its application, definition,

UNIT-II
Suits: 10
Jurisdiction of the civil courts, Kinds of jurisdiction, Bar on suits, Suits of civil nature (Sec.9),
Doctrine of Res sub judice and Res judicata (Sec. 10, 11 and 12),
Foreign Judgment: 10
(Sec. 13, 14), Place of Suits (Ss. 15 to 20), Transfer of Cases (Ss. 22 to 25). Institution of suits
and summons: (Sec. 26, 0.4 and Sec. 27, 28, 31 and O.5), Interest and Costs (Sec. 34, 35, 35A,
B),

UNIT-III
Pleading: 08
Fundamental rules of pleadings, Plaint and Written Statement, Return and rejection of plaint,
Defenses, Set off, Counter claim, Parties to the suit (O. 1): Joinder, mis-joinder and non-joinder
of parties, Mis-joinder of causes of action, Multifariousness.

UNIT-IV
Appearance and examination of parties: 20
Appearance and examination of parties (O.9, O.18) , Discovery, inspection and production of
documents (O.11 & O.13) , First hearing and framing of issues (O.10 and O.14) , Admission and
affidavit (O.12 and O.19) , Adjournment (O.17) , Death, marriage, Insolvency of the parties
(O.22) , Withdrawal and compromise of suits (O.23) , Judgment and Decree (O.20),
Execution: 12
Execution (Sec. 30 to 74, O.21): General Principal of execution, Power of executing court,
Transfer of decrees for execution, Mode of execution, a) Arrest and detention, b) Attachment, c)
Sale.

Suggested Reading:
1. Mulla, Code of Civil Procedure, Universal, Delhi
2. Thakkar C.K., Code of Civil Procedure, 2000 Universal Delhi
3. Tandon M.P., Code of Civil Procedure
4. Nandwani Anil, Code of Civil Procedure
5. Takwani C.K., Code of Civil Prodecure
 79

Course: Law of Taxation- I Semester: VII

Course Code: BAL 702 Credits: 4
Objective: The objective of the subject is enable the student to understand the basic principles
and fundamentals underlying the direct taxation law prevailing in India. To help the student as to
how a statutory provision has been interpreted by various courts in India.

UNIT-I
History of Tax Law in India: 10
Canons of taxation , Constitutional provisions relating to Taxation, Nature and Scope of Tax,
Constitutional basis of power of taxation, Article 265 of Constitution of India , Different Direct
Tax Laws and their inter-relationship, Importance of Income Tax Act, Annual Finance Act and
Harmonization of Tax regime.

UNIT-II
Basic concept of Income Tax: 15
a. Income Tax Act, 1961: Outlines of Income Tax Act, Definition of Person, Assessee,
Previous year, Assessment years, Financial year, Income, Gross Taxable Income, Taxable
Income, Agricultural Income, Tax Evasion under Income Tax Act.
b. International Taxation: Basic Concepts of International Taxation, Residency Issues (NRIs
and MNCs), Source of Income, Tax Heavens, Withholding Tax, Unilateral Relief, Tax
Avoidance Agreements, Controlled Foreign Corporation, Advance Rulings and Tax
Planning, Double Tax, Authority for Advance Rulings.
c. Finance Act, Salient features and its implication on Tax Laws in India.
Residential Status: 04
Residential status of an Individual, Hindu Undivided Family, Firm, Association of Persons,
Company, Incidence of tax, Connotation of receipt of income and accrual of income.
Income from Salary: 05
Income from Salary, Different forms of salary and allowances, Permissible deductions from
salary income, Treatment of Provident Fund and approved Superannuation fund, Deduction
under Section 80C, Rebates to Pensioners and Senior Citizens.

UNIT-III
Income from House, Agricultural Property and Capital Gains: 15
a. Income from House Property and Agricultural Property: Basis of charge, Income from
property exempt from tax, Basis of computing income from a let out house property,
Computation of taxable income from self-occupied property, Special provisions when
unrealized rent is realized subsequently.
b. Income from Capital Gains: Capital Gains and its computation, Capital Gains when
exempt from tax, Short term and Long Term Capital Gains.
c. Income from other sources: Winnings from lotteries, crossword puzzles, horse races and
card games etc. , Deductions permission from income from other sources.
d. Income from Profits and Gains of Business or Profession:
e. Basic principles for arriving of business income, Method of accounting, Relevancy for
computing business income, Scheme of business deductions/allowances, Taxable
undisclosed income/investments, Permissible methods of valuation of closing stock.
 80

UNIT-IV

Clubbing of Income and Set Off: 10

Set Off or Carry Forward of Losses, Various Deductions to be made in Computing Total Income,
Rebates and Relief's, Applicable Rates of Taxes and Tax Liability, Taxation of Individuals
including Non-Residents, Hindu Undivided Family, Firms, LLP, Association of Persons,
Cooperative Societies, Trusts, Charitable and Religious Institution, Classification and Tax
Incidence on Companies, Computation of Taxable Income and Assessment of Tax Liability,
Dividend Distribution Tax, Minimum Alternate Tax and Other Special Provisions Relating to
Companies, Tax Deduction at Source, Tax Collection at Source, Provisions of Advance
Payment of Tax.
Law and Procedure: 05
Assessment Procedure and Types of Assessment, Filing Returns , PAN , Signatures, E-Filing,
Assessment, Reassessment and Settlement of Cases, Special Procedure for Assessment of Search
Cases, E-Commerce Transactions, Recovery and Refunds, Appeals and Revisions , Rectification
of Mistake, Penalties Imposable, Offences and Prosecution, Grievances, Authorities: Their
functions, Duties and Powers.

Suggested Readings:
1. Singhania Vinod K. Dr., Student Guide to Income Tax, Taxman, Allied Service Pvt. Limited.
2. Singhania Vinod K. Dr., Direct Taxes Law & Practice, Taxman Allied Service Pvt. Limited.
3. Myneni S.R., Law of Taxation, Allahabad Law Series.
4. Rai Kailash Taxation Laws, Allahabad Law Agency.
5. Ahuja Gurish Dr., Systematic Approach to Income Tax, Bharat Law House Pvt. Limited.
6. Datey V.S., Law and Practice Central Sales Tax Act, 2003, TaxmanPublications.
7. PalkivalaNani, Income Tax, Butterworths Publications.
 81

Course: Intellectual Property Rights Semester: VII

Course Code: BAL 703 Credits: 4

Objective: The main objective of the paper is to introduce to the students the concepts of IPR and their
relationship with other subjects especially, economic law, and other technological aspects.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 04
Intellectual Property, International Conventions on IPR: WIPO Convention, Treaties on
Copyright, Treaties on Industrial Property.
Copyright: 10
Subject Matter of Copyright, Ownership of Copyright, Economic Rights of Copyright Owners,
Author’s Moral Rights, Term Copyright, Assignment of Copyright, Copyright Societies,
Performers Rights, Broadcast Reproduction Rights and Public Interest, International Copyright,
Copyright Office and Copyright Board, Infringement of Copyright, Permitted Acts in Relation to
Copyright, Remedies for Infringement of Copyright, Offences, and Changes made after 2012
amendment.

UNIT-II
Trademarks: 16
Introduction, Functions, Objectives, Historical Background, Meaning and Definition, Certificate,
Collective Marks, Goods and Services, Well ,Known Trademarks, TM and Property Marks,
Domain Names, Applicability of Trademark law to Domain Name, Distinction between TM and
Domain Name, Registrar of TM and Trademarks Registry, Appointment of Registrar
Registration Related Concepts, Conditions of Registration of TM (Various TM) , Procedure for
Registration, Effects of Registration, Infringement and Passing-off, Assignment and
Transmission, Use of Trademarks and registered Users, Rectification and Correction of Register,
Collective Marks and Certification Trademarks, Appellate Board, Offences, Penalties and
Procedure, Remedies for infringement of TM and Passing-off, Miscellaneous.

UNIT-III
Geographical Indications: 10
Introduction, Definition, Rationale, Historical Development, Distinction between TM and GI,GI
Registry, Register of GI, Indexes, Prohibitions, Registration of Homonymous GI, Registration
Process, Effect, Appeals, Rectifications and Corrections, Registrar, Powers of Registrar,
Infringement, Passing, Off (Procedure and Reliefs), Offences, Penalties and Procedures,
Miscellaneous.
Patents: 10
Patents, Rationale, Historical Development, Meaning, Product and process patent, Application of
Patents, Publications and Examinations of Applications, Representation and Opposition,
Anticipation, Secrecy of Inventions, Grant of Patents and Rights of Patentee ,Amazements o0f
Applications and Specifications, Restoration of Lapsed Patents ,Surrender and Revocation of
Patents, Register of Patents, Working of Patents, Compulsory Licenses and Revocation, Use of
Invention for Government Purpose, Infringement and Remedies, Miscellaneous.
Designs: 06
Introduction, Rationale, Protection, Historical Background ,Meaning, Article, Proprietor of a
New or Original Design, Registration of Designs, Copyright in Design, Duration, Piracy of the
 82

Registered Design and Remedies, Passing Off, Defences in suit of infringement, Tests to be
applied for Infringement

UNIT-IV
Plant Varieties and Farmer's Rights: Introduction: 05
Objectives, Plant varieties, Advantages of Plant Varieties Protection System, Farmers’ Rights
and Public Interest, National Gene Fund and Benefit Sharing, Plant Varieties Authority and
Registry, Registration of Plant Varieties, Effect of Registration and Benefit Sharing, Surrender,
Revocation of Certificate and Rectification of Register, Farmer Rights, Compulsory License,
Plant Varieties Protection Appellate Tribunal, Infringement, Offences and Penalties,
Miscellaneous.
Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout, Design: 02
Overview of the Act
Confidential Information: 02
Introduction, Jurisdictional Bases of the Law of Confidence, Trade Secrets, Actions for the
Breach of Contract, Conditions
Licensing Contract: 01
Advantages for Licensor, Licensee, Licensing from nation.
IPR: 01
Licensing, Difference from Assignment, Licensing.

Suggested Readings:
1 Narayanan P., Patent Law, Eastern Law House, 1995.
2. Bridge David Brain, Intellectual Property, Pearson International.
3. Gopalakrishnan N.S. and Agitha T.G., Principles of Intellectual Property, Eastern Book
Company.
4. Cornish W. D Llewelyn and T. Aplin, Intellectual Property :Patents, copyright
Trademarks and allied rights, Sweet and Maxwell.
5. Stim Richard, Intellectual Property: Patents, Trademarks and Copyright, West Thomson
Learning.
6. Singh Raghbir Dr., Law relating to Intellectual Property, Universal Law publications.
7. VashishthVikas Dr., Law and Practice of Intellectual Property in India, Bharat Law
House.
8. Roy Chowdhary, S.K. & Other, Law of Trademark, Copyrights, Patents and Designs,
Kamal Law House, 1999.
9. Reddy G.B. Dr., Intellectual Property Rights and the Law, 5th Ed. 2005 Gogia Law
Agency.
10. Wadhera B.L., Intellectual Property Law, Universal Publishers, 2nd Ed. 2000.
11. Cornish W.R., Intellectual Property Law, Universal Publishers, 3rd Ed. 2001.
 83

Course: Jurisprudence Semester: VII

Course Code: BAL 704 Credits: 4

Objective: To impart basic knowledge about science and philosophy of law, various schools and theories
of jurisprudence and their contemporary significance.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 04
Meaning and scope of term “Jurisprudence”, Theories of jurisprudence Relationship of
Jurisprudence with other social sciences.
Law: 02
Nature, Scope, Theories and definition of “Law”, Sources of Law, Purpose and Functions of
Law.

UNIT-II
Schools of Jurisprudence: 25
Natural School of Law, Positive School of Law, Historical School of Law, Sociological School
of Law, Utilitarian School of Law, Marxist Theory of Law.
Justice: 08
Meaning & kinds, Justice and Law, approaches of different schools, Administration of Justice,
Civil & Criminal, Theories of punishment, Indian Position, Role of State in Administrative
Justice, Principles of Natural Justice, Judicial Activism.

UNIT-III
Ancient Indian Legal System: 04
Evolution and Concept of Law, Rule of Law, Role of King in administration of justice.

UNIT-IV
Legal Persons: 06
Concept of Person , Natural and Legal Persons, Nature of Personality, Status of the unborn,
minor, lunatic drunken and dead person, Corporate personality, Dimensions of the modern legal
personality, legal personality of non-human beings.
Legal Rights: 04
The Concept, Rights, Kinds, Rights & duty correlation.
Possession: 04
The Concept, Kinds of Possession, Acquisition of Possession, Modes of Acquisition of Property.
Ownership: 04
The Concept, Kinds of Ownership, Difference between possession & ownership
Interpretation of Statutes: 04
Rules of Interpretation of a Statutes, Basic Guidelines on Interpretation, Divergent Opinions on
Interpretation and Construction of Statutes, Rules of Construction, Procedural and Substantive
Law.
 84

Suggested Readings:
1. Salmond, Jurisprudence, Universal Publishers 12thEdn. 1966.
2. Paton, Jurisprudence.
3. Allen, Law in the Making, Universal Publishers 7thEdn. 2001.
4. Mahajan V.D., Legal Theory and Jurisprudence, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow, 5th
Edn. 1977.
5. Dias, Jurisprudence, Aditya Books, 5thEdn. 1985.
6. Rama Jois, Legal and Constitutional History of India, Universal Law Publications, Delhi.
7. SarathiVepa P., Interpretation of Statutes, Eastern Book Co, 4thEdition, 1976.
th
8. Maxwell, Interpretation of Statutes, Butterworths Publications, 1976, 12 Edition.
9. Crawford, Interpretation of Statutes, Universal Publishers.
10. Chatterjee, Interpretation of Statutes.
11. Singh G.P., Principles of Statutory Interpretation, Wadhwa and Company, 8th
Ed., 2001.
12. Cross, Statutory Interpretation.
 85

Course: Clinical-III Alternative Dispute Resolution Semester: VII

Course Code: LC 03 Credits: 2
Objective: To impart knowledge about Importance of Alternative Dispute Resolution laws in
India and abroad, its limitations and possibility of reforms going forward.

NOTE: This clinical paper shall carry 50 marks for theory and 20 marks for viva, so total marks
for clinical paper is 70. Viva shall be taken by external members.

UNIT-1
Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): 04
Docket Explosion, Access to Justice, Constitutional Goal, Dispute Resolution, ADR, Meaning
and scope, Judicial Settlement and ADR, Emerging Trends in Dispute resolution.
ADR Mechanisms: 03
Arbitration, Mediation, Conciliation, Negotiation, Other Hybrid forms.
Application of ADR to different Dispute Situations: 02
ADR in Motor Accidents, ADR in Family disputes, ADR in Labour Disputes and others.

UNIT-II
Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996 in India: 02
Aims and Objectives.
Arbitration Agreement: 02
Arbitral Disputes, Laws Applicable to Arbitration.
Appointment of Arbitrators and Composition of Arbitral Tribunal: 02
Procedure for Appointment of Arbitrators, Powers and Duties of Arbitrators, Challenges for
Arbitrators.
Arbitral Procedure: 03
Jurisdictional Issues, Conduct of Arbitral Proceedings, Interim Measures of Protection, Making
of Awards.

UNIT-III
Arbitral Awards: 03
Form and contents of arbitral award, Kinds of awards, Correction, Interpretation and
Amendments to Awards, Setting aside of an Arbitral Award, Enforcement of Arbitral Awards.
Enforcement of Foreign Awards: 03
Meaning and Definition of Foreign Awards under (India) 1996 Act, Enforcement of Foreign
Awards under 1996 Act, Geneva Protocol and Geneva Convention Awards, Non-Convention
Awards, Issues of Public Policy.
International Commercial Arbitration (ICA): 04
Meaning of ‘International’ ‘Commercial’ Arbitration, UNCITRAL Model Law.

UNIT-IV
Conciliation under the Act: 06
Meaning and Scope of Conciliation, Appointment of Conciliators, Conduct of Conciliation
Proceedings, Settlement Agreements.
 86

Suggested Readings:
1. Tiwari O.P., The Arbitration and Conciliation Act,2nd Edition, Allahabad Law Agency.
2. Murthy KSR, An introduction to ADR Mechanism,Gogia Law Agency,Hyderabad
3. Singh S.D., Alternate Dispute Resolution,: 2001 Edition. Universal Book Traders,New
Delhi.
4. KurlwalAnupam Dr., An Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution,Central Law
Publications.
5. Malhotra O. P., The Law and Practice of Arbitration and Conciliation, Lexis Nexis
Butterworth.
6. Rao P.C. ,Alternate Dispute Resolution, (ed) Universal Book Traders, New Delhi.
7. Tripathi S.C., Arbitration, Conciliation and ADR, Central Law Agency, Allahabad.
8. Singh Avtar, Arbitration and Conciliation, Eastern Law Book House, Lucknow.
9. Singh Avtar, Arbitration and Conciliation and ADR.
10. Rao PC, Alternative Dispute Resolution.
11. Tripathi SC, Arbitration and Conciliation including ADR.
12. 176th law commission Report.
13. 246th Law commission Report.
 87

Course Code: Elective-I (A) Citizenship & Emigration Law Semester: VII
Course Code: EL 01 (A) Credits : 3

UNIT-I
Introduction: 06
Nature and scope of citizenship and its associated concepts, Nationality, Domicile, Multiple
Citizenship, Common Wealth Citizenship, Corporate Citizenship, Dual Citizenship, Overseas
Citizenship to the People of Indian Origin and Non-resident Indians.

UNIT-II
Historical Evolution of Citizenship: 06
Ancient Citizenship, Constitutional Debates on Citizenship and Citizenship at the
Commencement of Constitution of India, Modern Citizenship and Citizenship in the Age of
Globalization.
Theories of Citizenship: 06
Civic Republican, Liberal, Communitarian, Sociological and Multicultural theories of
Citizenship.

UNIT-III
Citizenship after the commencement of the Constitution: 12
Constitutional Provisions of Citizenship, Citizenship Act 1955, Citizenship Rules 1956,
Citizenship under International Law, Rights and Duties of Citizens and Non-Citizens under the
Constitution and other enactments.

UNIT-IV
Emigration: 12
Meaning and Nature of Emigration and its associated concepts, Migration, Citizenship,
Allegiance, Emigration, Visas and Passports, Emigration issues, Statelessness, Refugees,
Asylum, Extradition, Deportation, determination of status of illegal migrants, double taxation,
Rights and Obligations of the sending and receiving states, Discriminative Practices vis-à-vis
Emigrants, Protection of Emigrants by International law and impact of Citizenship Policies on
Emigration.

Suggested Readings:
1. Sinha A.N., Law of Citizenship and Aliens in India, Asia Publishing House, New Delhi,
1962.
2. Meher K. Master, Citizenship of India, Eastern Law House, Calcutta, 1970
3. [Link], Citizenship , Rights and Duties, Texcom, delhi, 1988.
4. Yadav Surya narian and Indu Baghel, Citizenship in the Age of Globalisation, Jnana
Prakashan, New Delhi, 2008.
5. Singh Gurubax, Law of Foreigners, Citizenship and Passports in India, Universal Law
publishers, New Delhi.
6. Kashyap C Subhash, Citizenship and the Constitution: Citizenship Values under the
Constitution, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
 88

Course Code: Elective-I (B) Comparative Constitution Semester: VII

Course Code: EL 01 (B) Credits : 3

Objective: The Course Deals with series of topics within Comparative study of Constitutional
System. It analyses the most significant institutions of the constitutional law such as constitution,
Human Rights, system of govt., Judicial Review and many more. This course will introduce the
different models of the constitutionalism in the modern world and students will master of
comparative analyzing of constitutional Legal system.

UNIT-I
Comparative Constitution: 05
Nature and Scope, Constitution, Meaning, Definition, nature and scope and relevance to modern
State, Classification of modern Constitutions, Comparative Constitutional law and historical
trends, functions and aims of comparative constitutions.
General Principles Relating to Constitution: 05
Separation of Power, theory of checks and balances, judicial review, constitutionalism, theory of
emanation, Rule of Law, Due Process, Doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities.

UNIT-II
Working of the Unitary Constitution: UK 05
Salient features of the British Constitution, Structure of Government, powers and functions of
Legislative, Executive and Judiciary, concept of Parliamentary sovereignty, Dicey’s concept of
Rule of Law, Scope of Judicial Review in UK, Emergency Powers, Amendment Powers, An
appraisal of working of British Parliament, the Crown and the Judiciary
Working of the Unitary Constitution: France 05
French Declaration 1791, History of 5th Republic 1958, salient features of the Constitution,
structure, powers and functions of the Legislature, Executive and the Judiciary, Constitutional
Counsel and its role in constitutional interpretation, concept of Driot Administratif, Emergency
Powers, Amendment Powers, An appraisal of working of French Constitutional system

UNIT-III
Working of Modern Federal Constitution: USA 05
Historical perspective of US Constitution, Declaration of Independence and Article of
Confederation, Salient features of US Constitution 1787, structure, powers and functions of
Congress, the President and the Judiciary, Evolution of judicial review and analysis of Marbury
v. Madison, 1803 and its impact, Emergency Powers, Amendment Powers, An appraisal of
working of the American Constitutional system
Working of Modern Constitution: Canadian Constitution 05
Historical aspect of the Canadian Constitution (British North American Act 1867), Canadian
Constitution Act, 1982, Repatriation of Canadian Constitution, structure, powers and functions
of the Legislature, Executive and the Judiciary, Distribution of Powers, Canadian Charter of
Rights and Freedoms, Emergency Powers, Amendment Powers, An appraisal of Canadian
Constitutional system
UNIT-IV
Comparative Perspective of the Indian Constitution: 04
Historical Aspect of the Indian Constitution, Evolution, Salient features of the Indian
Constitution, The present Constitution whether copied or inspired? Application of established
 89

principles of modern Constitutions in India, Fundamental Right, Directive Principles of State

Policy, Fundamental Rights, Form of Government, division of powers, emergency, Amendment,
An appraisal of working of the Indian Constitution.
Judicial Institutions and Judicial Process: 04
The structure of judicial Institutions, jurisdiction, role and distinctive features of the judicial
institutions, the concept of judicial process, special dimensions of judicial process in
constitutional adjudications, judicial accountability, Due Process and Procedure, judicial
activism.
Emerging Comparative Constitutional Practices: An Overview 04
Access to Justice, PIL, Compensatory Jurisdiction, Affirmative Action, Reverse Discrimination,
Judicial Activism and Accountability, Doctrine of Public Trust, Welfare State, Impact of
Economic Policies on Constitutionalism.

Suggested Readings:
1. Basu D.D., Comparative Constitutional Law, (2nd ed., Wadhwa Nagpur, 2008)
2. Datta Sachindra Nath, A Comparative Study of the Democratic Constitution of India: An
Up,to,date Survey of the Provisions and Latest Trends of Working of the Indian Constitution
Following the General Election In India 1967, Comparisons with Constitutions of U.K.,
U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Switzerland, Japan, France, and Canada (Indian Research Institute, 1969)
3. Michel Rosenfeld, Andras Sajo The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law
(Oxford University Press 2012)
4. Aalt Willem Heringa, Philipp Kiiver, Constitutions Compared: An Introduction to
Comparative Constitutional Law (2012)
5. Baruah Aparajita, Preamble of the Constitution of India: An Insight and Comparison with
Other Constitutions (Deep and Deep Publications, 2007)
 90

Course: Value added course- Right to Information Act, 2005 Semester: VII
Course Code: VAC 04 Credits: 2
Objective: The subject deals with law relating to right to information which is one of the
fundamental right implied under article 19(1)(a) of the constitution and it emphasis on
application to provide a strong understanding of the fundamental concepts related to RTI.

UNIT-I
Transparency and Information: 06
Historical Evolution of Right to Information, Need for Information, The Need of Strengthening
the process of transparency, Administrative Efficiency and Right to Information, Public
Accountability and Right to Information, RTI and its relationship with Good Governance,
International Perspective of Right to Information, UDHR, ICCPR, ICESCR etc, Position in other
countries
Indian Constitution and Right to Information: 04
Freedom of Speech and Expression and Right to Know/ Information under Article 19(1)(a) of the
Constitution, Right to Information and right to life and personal liberty (Article 21),From Right
to Privacy to Right to Information, RTI and Rights of Arrested Person (Article 22),From Right to
Vote , Right to Know the Antecedents of Election Candidates, From Right to Environment,
Right to Know Environmental Information

UNIT-II
Legislating the Right to Information: 02
History, Attempts to Breach the Officials Secrets Act, The Press Council, NIRD draft ,The
Freedom of Information Bill, 2000,State Laws and Administrative Instructions: The Goa Right to
Information Act, Tamil Nadu Right to Information Act, The Madhya Pradesh Right to
Information Act, 2000, The Rajasthan Right to Information Act, 2000,The Karnataka Right to
Information Act, 2000, Delhi Government Orders on Right to Information, RTI and other Laws,
The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Section 76), The Consumer Protection Act 1986 (Section 6),
The Public Records Act, 1993, The Representation of Peoples Act, 1950
Salient Features of the Right to Information Act 2005: 02
Scope and applicability, Interpretation Clause, Information, Right to Information, Appropriate
Government, Competent Authority, Public Authority etc, Citizens Right to Information (Section
3) and practical regime of RTI, Enforceability of RTI, Mechanism under the Act
Public Authority under RTI Act: 05
Definition of Public Authority, Comparison with definition of ‘State’ under Article 12 of the
Constitution of India, Suo Moto Disclosure by Public Authorities, Obligations of Public
Authority (Section 4),Judicial interpretation of Public Authority, Status of NGO’s, Political
Parties, Private Persons etc

UNIT-III
Nature of RTI, Exemptions and Limitations: 05
Nature of RTI, Whether absolute, Exemptions under Section 8 of the RTI, Act, Public Interest v.
Protected Interest, Copyright exemption, Severability, Third Party Information, Impact of
Exemptions, Exceptions and Limitations on the RTI
 91

Implementing RTI Act: 02

Procedure to Obtain Information, Application for Information (Section 6),Information Fee and
Cost of Information, Role of APIOs and PIO, Time Schedule for disposal for Application,
Disposal of Third Party Information and procedure, RTI and Human Rights.

Composition, Powers and Functions of the Information Commissions: 02

Constitution of Information Commissions: Central Information and State Information
Commission, Qualification of Information Commissioners and Chief Information Commissioner,
Powers and Functions of the Information Commissions, Working of the Information
Commissions: Analysis, Activism from the Information Commission, Theory and Effect

UNIT-IV
Ecological Perspective of Right to Information: 03
RTI and Environmental Protection, Position under the Environmental Laws, Environmental
Impact Assessment, Environmental Public Hearing, Indian Ecological Perspective of Right to
Know, Right to Information Act and Environment, Case Study.
Right to Information and Implementation Issues: 02
Information Audit, Spreading RTI Awareness, Misuse of RTI, Role of RTI Activists/NGO’s,
Balancing Private Information and Public Interest, Achieving objects of RTI, The Way Forward.

Suggested Readings:
1. Shrivastava KM, The Right to Information: A Global Perspective (2013)
2. Bhat Sairam, Right to Information (2012)
3. Rajvir S Dhaka, Right to Information and Good Governance (2010)
4. J N Barowalia, Commentary on the Right to Information Act (2010)
 92

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- VIII
COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
CODE
BAL 801 Civil Procedure Code-II 4 0 0 4
BAL 802 Law of Taxation- II 4 0 0 4
BAL 803 Public International Law 4 0 0 4
BAL 804 Land Laws 4 0 0 4
LC 804 Clinical- IV Drafting and 2 0 0 2
Pleadings & Conveyancing
EL 02,A/B Elective – II (Optional) 3 0 0 3
OC 04 Mooc- IV 0 1 1 2
LIP 04 Legal Internship Program-IV 0 0 2 2
Total 21 1 3 25
 93

Course: Civil Procedure Code-II Semester: VIII

Course Code: BAL 801 Credits: 4
Objective: The courts are not free to decide the matters without following any procedure or with
arbitrariness. The certain norms are fixed to be followed in the form of CPC. This subject
provides complete knowledge of procedure to be followed in courts to secure ends of justice.

UNIT-I
Judgment and Decree: 07
Judgment, Definition, Essentials, Pronouncement, Contents and Alteration, Decree, Definition,
Essentials, Types, Drawing up of a Decree, Contents and Decree in particular cases Interest,
Costs.

UNIT-II
Suits in particular cases: 15
Suits by or against Governments (Sec. 79 to 82, Ord. 27), Suits by aliens and by or against
foreign rulers, ambassadors (Sec. 85 to 87), Suits relating to public matters (Sec. 91 to 93), Suits
by or against firms (Ord. 30), Suits by or against minors and unsound persons (Ord. 32), Suits by
indigent persons (Ord. 33), Inter, pleader suits (Sec. 88, Ord. 35),

UNIT -III
Interim Orders: 25
Interim Orders, Commissions (Sec. 75, Ord. 26), Arrest before judgment and attachments before
judgment (O.38), Temporary injunctions (Ord. 39), Appointment of receivers (Ord. 40), Appeals
(Ss. 90 to 109, Ord. 41, 42, 43, 45), Reference, Review and Revision (Ss. 113, 114, 115, Ord.
46), Caveat (Sec. 144.A), Inherent powers of the court (Ss. 148, 149, 151)

UNIT-IV
Appeal, Reference, Review & Revision: 10
Appeals from original decree Appeals from appellate decree General provisions relating to
appeals, appeals to Supreme Court, appeals by indigent person Reference to High Court Review
and Revision Execution.
Limitation Act 1963: 07
Provision of Limitation Act 1963.

Suggested Reading:
1. Mulla, Code of Civil Procedure, Universal, Delhi.
2. Thakkar C.K., Code of Civil Procedure, 2000 Universal Delhi.
3. Tandon M.P., Code of Civil Procedure.
4. Nandwani Anil, Code of Civil Procedure.
5. Takwani C.K., Code of Civil Prodecure.
 94

Course: Law of Taxation- II Semester: VIII

Course Code: BAL 802 Credits: 4

Objective: The objective of the subject is enable the student to understand the basic principles
and fundamentals underlying the direct taxation law prevailing in India. To help the student as to
how a statutory provision has been interpreted by various courts in India.

UNIT-I
Introduction to Indirect Taxes: 10
Features of Indirect Tax, Constitutional provisions: State List and Central List, Contribution to
Government revenues, the levy and collection of duties of central excise, customs, service tax,
central sales tax and VAT.

UNIT-II
Central Excise Laws: 11
Nature, Meaning and Concept, Definitions: Kinds of Goods, Excisable goods, Manufacture and
Manufacturer, Chargeability of excise duty, Different types of Taxes, Valuation of Excisable
Goods, Registration, CENVAT, Assessment, Filing of Returns, Recovery and Refund of duties,
Offences and Penalty, Search, Seizure and Investigation, authorities, adjudication, Appeal and
Revision before CESAT, Constitution of the Tribunal/Board.
Import, Export Laws: 10
Introduction, Export and Import Policy, Regulation of export and import, law relating to Export
and import, Constitution of EXIM bank, Role of RBI in export and import, registration and
licencing, Importer-Exporter Code Number and License, Power of Central Government to make
orders on export and import, Important provisions relating to export and import under the Law of
Sea and Air, Carrier of goods Acts.

UNIT-III
Customs Law: 10
Nature, Meaning and Concept of customs law, Definitions including Territorial Waters, High
Seas, Types of Customs Duties, Levy and Exemption from Customs Duties, Registration and
licensing, Assessment and Payment of Duties, Drawback of Duties, Filing of Returns and
Records, Recovery and Refund of customs duties, Procedure for clearance of imported and
exported goods and Baggage, Confiscation of Goods and conveyances, Imposition of Penalties,
Search, Seizure and Arrest, Offences and Prosecution Provisions, Adjudication, Appeal and
Revision, Constitution of Tribunal/Board.

UNIT-IV
Central Sales Tax Act: 10
Nature and concept of sales, Concept of Tax on Sales, State and Central Sales Tax, Concept of
Inter-State sales and Transfer of Goods, Tax on Inter-State Sale, Application of Central Sales
Tax, Authorities, Powers and Jurisdiction, Registration, Assessment , Filing of Returns including
E-Returns, Refunds, Penalties, Search, Seizure and Investigations, Constitution of Tribunals,
Goods and Services Tax (GST) Bill.
Value Added Tax: 08
 95

Meaning, Nature and Concept of VAT, Salient featuresof VAT, Taxonomy of VAT, Small
Dealers and composition scheme, Declared Goods, VAT procedures, Administrative
Mechanism, Registration and Procedural Aspects, Rate and Computation of Tax, Levy,
Collection and Payment of VAT, Authorities, Powers and Jurisdiction, Adjudication.
Service Tax: 05
Introduction, Nature of Service Tax, Provisions of Service Tax Act, Service Provider and
Service Receiver, Negative List approach, Taxable Services, Registration and Procedural
aspects, Records to be maintained, Classification of taxable services, Valuation of taxable
services, Exemptions and Abatements, Levy, Collection and Payment of Service Tax, Filing of
Return, Administrative Mechanism.

Suggested Readings:
1. Singhania Vinod K. Dr., Student Guide to Income Tax, Taxman, Allied Service Pvt. Limited.
2. Singhania Vinod K. Dr., Direct Taxes Law & Practice, Taxman Allied Service Pvt. Limited.
3. Myneni S.R., Law of Taxation, Allahabad Law Series.
4. Rai Kailash Taxation Laws, Allahabad Law Agency.
5. Ahuja Gurish Dr., Systematic Approach to Income Tax, Bharat Law House Pvt
Limited.
6. Datey V.S., Law and Practice Central Sales Tax Act, 2003, TaxmanPublications.
7. PalkivalaNani, Income Tax, Butterworths Publications.
 96

Course: Public International Law Semester: VIII

Course Code: BAL 803 Credits: 4
Objective: To impart basic knowledge and understanding about the principles of public
international Law and the emerging issues relating to States, Individuals and Non State
Entities and their relation with each other.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 07
Structure of the International Community Historical Development and Specificities of Public
International Law, Definition, Nature, Legality of International Law, Theories as to basis of
International Law, Relation of International Law to Domestic, Practice of States, UK USA and
India, Sources of International Law , Codification.
Subjects of International Law: 05
The Concept of Subject of Law and of Legal Personality, Various Theories like Realistic Theory,
Fictional Theory, Functional Theory, State as Subject, Definition and Conditions for Statehood,
rights and duties of states, Territory, Modes of acquisition and loss of state territory, Sovereignty.

UNIT-II
Recognition: 10
De Facto and De Jure, Theories of Recognition, Recognition of Belligerency and Recognition of
Insurgency, Collective Recognition, State Responsibility, Original and Vicarious Responsibility,
State Responsibility for various Acts, Individual Acts, Mob Violence, Insurgency and for
International delinquencies, The Invocation of Responsibility and Diplomatic Protection, State
Succession, Theories of State Succession, Rights and Duties arising out of State Succession.
Individual as a subject of International Law: 05
The Basic modification, post charter in the position: Nationality, extradition, Asylum, Territorial
and Extra, territorial, UNO & Human Rights, UDHR, Covenant on Civil Political Rights,1966,
Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights, 1966.

UNIT-III
Law of Treaties: 10
Concept of Treaty, Kinds of Treaties, Binding Force of Treaties, PactaSuntServanda, Jus
Cogens, Rebus SucStantibus, Parties of a Treaty, Formation of a Treaty, Reservation, Invalidity
and Termination of Treaties.
Diplomatic Relations: 07
Meaning of Diplomacy, Law on Diplomatic Relations, Classification of Diplomatic Agents,
Functions, Privileges and Immunities of Diplomatic Agents, and Duties.

UNIT-IV
Law of the Sea: 12
Historical Background, Maritime Belt, Territorial Sea, The Contiguous Zone, Exclusive
Economic Zone, Continental shelf, The High Seas, International Sea Bed Area, Common
Heritage of Mankind , Law of the Sea Conventions (United Nations Convention on the Law of
the Seas).
 97

Air Space and International Law: 02

Aircraft Hijacking, Important Conventions relating to Airspace , Paris, Havana, Warsaw and
Chicago Conventions , Five Freedoms of Air , Legal Regime of Outer space , Important
Conventions such as Outer space Treaty.
Settlement of International Dispute: 02
Legal and Political Disputes, Pacific Means of Settlement, Arbitration , Negotiation, Mediation,
Good Offices, Conciliation, Settlement under UNO, Compulsive Means, Retortion, Reprisals,
Embargo, Pacific Blockade, Intervention.
International Institutions: 04
Legal Personality, League of Nations, United Nations , Origin and Purposes, Agencies of United
Nations, Specialized Agencies of United Nations, ILO, WHO, UNESCO,

Suggested Readings:
1. Shaw Malcolm Nathan, International Law, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
2. Kapoor S K, International Law and Human Rights, Central Law Agency, Allahabad,
14thEdn.-2002.
3. Ian Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law, Oxford University Press, 2008
4. Joseph Gabriel Starke, Ivan Anthony Shearer, Starke's, International Law , Butterworths,
1994.
5. Lassa Oppenheim, Robert Jennings and Arthur Watts, Oppenheim's International Law,
Oxford University Press, USA, 2008
6. Agarwal H.O., International Law & Human Rights, Central Law Publications, 2000
7. Ian Brownlie, Basic Documents in International Law, Oxford University Press, 2008
 98

Course: Land Laws Semester: VIII

Course Code: BAL 804 Credits: 4
Objective: The scope of the subject is to sensitize students to various problems relating to land
law. To understand how the various Pre-independence Land Reforms and Post-independence
Land Reforms Land Reforms ensures the protection and welfare of general mass and peasants of
India. The course deals with Land Reforms including Zamindari Abolition and Land Reform
laws.

Unit- I
Law reforms Pre- Post independence:
Pre- independence reforms: 08
Zamindari settlement- Ryotwari settlement- Mahalwari settlement- Absentee settlement.
Post independence reforms: 08
constitutional provision- abolition of zamindaries, Jagirs and Inam.

Unit- II
Law relating to tenancy reforms I: 12
Historical background of CNT Act 1908. Pre- colonial administrative system of Chota Nagpur.
Munda Manki system. Structural changes in the land administration in colonial era. Main
provision of CNT Act. Meaning of tenant, classification tenure holder, conferment of ownership
on tenants/ raiyats, Law relating to tenancy reforms, Restriction of transfer of their rights by
raiyats. Restriction of transfer of land by backward classes and scheduled caste. Surrender and
abandonment of land by raiyats under section 72 and 73.
Law relating to tenancy reforms II: 12
Historical background of SPT act 1940. Classification of village khas and non- khas. Criteria for
appointment as a village headman in khas village, mulraiyat. Rights, power duties and Dismissal
of headman. Classes of raiyat and restriction on transfer, provision of settlement of waste plan
and vacant holding (Section 27 to 42). Appeal, revision and review.

Unit III
Critical approach on justification for retention for wilkinson’s rules: 02
Introduction, historical background of the wilkinson’s rules, propriety of wilkson’s rule and
justification of its retention.
Jharkhand Building (lease, rent & eviction) Control Act 2000: 04
Definition, determination of fair rent of buildings in occupation and not in occupation of tenants.
Matters to be consider in determining fair rent: 08
Eviction of tenants, special procedure disposal of cases for eviction on ground of bonafide
requirement, deposit of rent determine by the controller during the pendency of appeal or
revision. When the tenant is entitle to restoration of possession, compensation and receipt for
payment. Powers of controller to make enquires and inspections, execution of orders of
controller and commissioner, appeal award of cost. Power of revision of commissioner, notice to
land lord or tenant by controller before exercising powers under this act, and penalties.

Unit IV
The Real Estate (regulation and development) Act 2016: 10
 99

Real estate regulatory authority for regulation and promotion of the real estate sector.
Adjudicating mechanism for speedy dispute redressal and also to establish the Appellate
Tribunal to hear appeals from the decisions, directions or orders of the real estate regulatory
authority and adjudicating official and for matters connected therewith salient feature Jharkhand
Real Estate (regulation & development) Rule 2017.

Suggested reading:
1. Law nexus, Jharkhand Building (lease, rent & eviction) Control Act 2000.
2. Ajar Rab, foreword by G.S. Singhvi, The Real Estate (regulation and development) Act 2016.
3. Ca. Pravin m. Bangar, The Real Estate (regulation and development) Act 2016.
 100

Semester: VIII
Course: Clinical IV-Drafting Pleading and Conveyancing
Course Code: LC 04 Credits: 2
Objective: The Paper ‘Drafting, Conveyance and Pleadings’ has been included in the syllabus
with a view to equip the students with legal drafting abilities, legal frame work pertaining to the
appearances before various tribunals/quasi judicial bodies and the basic understanding of the
principles of pleadings.

NOTE: This clinical paper shall carry 50 marks for theory and 20 marks for viva, so total marks
for clinical paper is 70. Viva shall be taken by external members.

Unit- I
Drafting: 08
General Principles of Drafting and Relevant Substantive Rules.

Unit- II
Pleadings 15
a. Civil:
Plaint, Written Statement, Interlocutory Application, Original Petition, Affidavit,
Execution Petition, Memorandum of Appeal and Revision, Petition under Article 226 and
32 of the Constitution of India.
b. Criminal:
Complaint, Criminal Miscellaneous Petition, Bail Application, Memorandum of Appeal
and Revision.

Unit- III
Conveyance: 08
Sale Deed, Mortgage Deed, Lease Deed, Gift Deed, Promissory Note, Power of Attorney, Will,
Trust Deed.

Unit- IV
Drafting of Writ Petition and PIL Petition. 03

Suggested Readings:
1. Chaturvedi R.N., Pleadings and Conveyancing, Central Law Publications.
2. Souza De, Conveyancing, Eastern Law House.
3. Tiwari, Drafting, Pleading and Conveyancing, Central Law Agency.
4. Mogha, Indian Conveyancing, Eastern Law House.
5. Mogha, Law of Pleadings in India, Eastern Law House.
6. Shiv Gopal, Conveyancing, Precedents and Forms, Eastern Book Company.
7. Narayana P.S., Civil Pleadings and Practice, Asia Law House.
8. Narayana P.S.,Criminal Pleadings and Practice, Asia Law House.
9. Noshirvan [Link], Drafting, Pleadings, Conveyancing & Professional Ethics,
Jamhadar & Companes.
 101

Course: Elective II (A)Private International Law Semester: VIII

Course Code: EL 02 A Credits: 3

Objective: The objective of this course is to study the basic principles governing conflict of laws in their
application to various situations. Private International law also known as conflict of laws is that part of
law which comes into operation whenever the courts are faced with a case involving one or more foreign
elements.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 04
Definition, Nature/ Characteristics and Scope of Private International Law and its relation to
International Law: Meaning of Private International Law: Object of Private International Law:
Justification of Private International Law: Distinction between Private International Law and
Public International Law: Public International Law and Conflict of Laws.
Historical Development and Current Theories: 04
General historical development of the doctrines of the private international Law and Concepts:
Evolution of PIL in England, America and India Theories of PIL: Statue Theory: Territorial
Theory: International Theory: Local Law Theory.

UNIT-II
Concepts: 06
Classification of Cause of Action, Rule of Law: The Incidental Questions and its elements:
Substance and Procedure and the difference between the two: Domicile, Nationality and
Residence: The Application and Exclusion of Foreign Law, Question of Fact, Proof of Foreign
Law, The Role of witness who can prove Foreign law: the Role of the Court, Jurisdiction of
Courts: General Choice of Rules/ Separate Choice of Rules: Characterization, Theories: Renvoi
and scope, Ordre Public/Public Policy
Jurisdiction, Foreign Judgment and Awards: 04
Jurisdiction of the English courts, an introduction: Jurisdiction under the Brussels and Lugano
Conventions:. The competence of the English courts under the traditional rules (Actions in
personam & Action in rem): Stays of English proceedings and restraining foreign proceedings:
Limitations on jurisdiction: Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments: the traditional
rules (Common Law, Statute, The Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements):
Recognition and enforcement of judgments under the Brussels and Lugano Conventions: Foreign
Arbitral awards
UNIT-III

Choice of Law: 03
Rules of Choice of Law: Persons, Natural & Legal Persons: Company Formation and Liability
etc.
The Law of Obligations: 04
Contracts: Non-contractual obligations/ Torts: The Rome Convention,, Particular Contracts,
Employment Contracts, Insurance Contracts, Consumer Contracts, Contracts of Carriage,
Franchising, Leasing, Negotiable Instruments including Law of Cheques.
 102

UNIT-IV
Family Law: 06
Marriage: Matrimonial causes: Declarations: Financial relief: Children: Legitimacy and
Legitimation: Adoption: Mental Incapacity.
The Law of Property: 06
Lex Rei Sitae: The distinction between movable and immovable (Jurisdiction and Choice of
Law) including Transfer of Property: The Transfer of Tangible movables (Various Theories, The
Modern Law): The Assignment (Voluntary Assignment and Involuntary Alienation) of
Intangible movables, Debts, Negotiable Instruments, Shares and Securities: Administration of
Estates: Succession: Matrimonial property: Trusts.
Procedure: 03
Staying Actions, Forum Non Convenience & Alibi Pendens and Jurisdiction Clause.
Special Rules for Particular Contracts: 03
Intellectual Property Rights, Patent Law, Copyright, International Copyright, Labour Law.
International Process Law: 03
Avoiding the results of the choice of law process, Model Law Indian Code of Private
International Law.

Suggested Readings:

1. Cheshire, North and Fawcett, Private International Law, 14th Edition Oxford University Press.
2. Paras Diwan, PeeyushiDiwan, Private International Law, Deep and Deep Publications.
3. F.E. Noronha, Private International Law, Universal Publications.
4. Diwan Paras Dr, Private International Law.
5. Cheshire and Black, Private International Law, 1992 Edn. Butterworths, London.
6. Kahn Freund, General Problems of Private International Law.
7. Craveson, Conflict of law.
8. Westlake, Private International Law.
9. Dicey, Conflicts of Laws.
10. Schminthof, Private International Law.
 103

Course: Elective- II (B)Law on Infrastructure Development and Real

Semester: VIII
Estate
Course Code: EL 02B Credits: 3
Objective: To understand the laws relating to Infrastructure and real estate

UNIT-I
The Electricity Act, 2003: 12
Definitions, National Electricity Policy and Plan, Generation, Transmission and Distribution of
Electricity, Licensing and Tariff, Central Electricity Authority and Regulatory Commissions,
Offences and Penalties.

UNIT-II
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation
and Resettlement Act, 2013 08
Determination of Social Impact and Public Purpose, Special Provision to Safeguard Food
Security, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Award, Procedure and Manner of Rehabilitation and
Resettlement, National Monitoring Committee for Rehabilitation and Resettlement,
Establishment of Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority, Apportionment
of Compensation, Temporary occupation of Land, Offences and Penalties.

UNIT-III
The Special Economic Zones Act, 2005: 12
Definitions, Establishment of Special Economic Zone, Constitution of Board of Approval,
Development Commissioner, Single Window Clearance, Special Fiscal Provisions for Special
Economic Zones, Special Economic Zone Authority.

UNIT-IV
Legal framework of specific infrastructure sector: 12
Telecom, Roads and National Highways, Water, Airports.
 104

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- IX
COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
CODE
BAL 901 Cyber Law 4 0 0 4
BAL 902 Human Rights 4 0 0 4
BAL 903 Interpretation of Statutes 4 0 0 4
EL 903 Elective – III 3 0 0 3
EL 904 Elective – IV 3 0 0 3
VAC 05 Value added course- Legal & 2 0 0 2
Research Methodology
Total 20 0 0 20
 105

Course: Cyber Laws Semester: IX

Course Code: BAL 901 Credits: 4
Objective: This objective is to give student a background into general principles of cyber
jurisprudence and the legal system, especially as these principles apply to various dimensions of
its applicability.

UNIT-I
Introduction to Cyberspace: 04
Overview and History of Internet and World Wide Web, Convergence of Technology, Business
and Law in the networked Environment, Impact of Cyberspace on Law, Governance of
Cyberspace: Regulating Cyberspace, Need and Methods of Regulation.
E-Commerce: 06
Online Contracts, Application of Contract Law in E-commerce, Contractual Rights of Third
parties, Contractual Issues and their resolutions, Online Securities offerings, Taxation and role of
state to obtain tax jurisdiction over an Out, of state e-business, Insurance in e-business,
UNCITRAL Model Law on E-commerce, An Overview.
Jurisdiction: 04
Problems and Perspectives, Civil and Criminal Jurisdiction, Traditional Principles of
Jurisdiction, Personal Jurisdiction, Territoriality, States Long Arm Statutes, Due Process
Requirements, Minimum Contact, Reasonableness, Purposefully Directed Activities,
International and Indian perspective relating to Jurisdiction in Cyberspace.

UNIT-II
IPR Issues in Cyberspace: 06
Domain Name System, Disputes relating to Domain names and Numbers, Online Dispute
Resolution and its application to various transactions, ICANN and its Role in Dispute
Resolution, Anti-cyber squatting Law and Consumer Protection, Indian Perspective.
Trademarks: 08
Trademark Dilution, Surface Linking, Deep linking, Hyper linking, Meta tags, Framing,
Infringement and Remedies.
Copyrights: 06
Subject matter of Copyright in Online Environment, Statutory Rights, Defences, Vicarious
Liability of the Internet Service Provider, Infringement and Remedies.

UNIT-III
Social Issues in Cyberspace: 08
Data as Property, Personal Data, Data Collection and Privacy, Data Privacy Protection Laws,
Applicable Laws, Pornography, Obscenity, Defamation, As a Tort and Crime, Requirement of
Proof, Defences, Internet and Information Security, Requirement of Secure communications and
networks, Goals of Information in Internet Security, Methods of achieving Security,
Cryptography, Challenges.
Internet Service Providers: 06
Civil Liability, Criminal Liability, International and National Perspectives.
Cyber/Computer Crimes: 06
Meaning, Classification of Cyber Crimes, Various Cyber Crimes, Challenges.
 106

UNIT-IV
Information Technology Act, 2000 & Information Technology (Amendment) Act 2008: 04
E-Governance, Digital Signature/Electronic Signature, Certifying Authorities, Cyber Appellate
Tribunal, Electronic Evidence, Nodal Agencies, CERT, In, Related Rules.
International Issues in Cyberspace: 04
International Organizations, Regulations, Non-Governmental Organizations, Enforcement of
International Laws to adjudicate international Disputes, International Conventions, Cyber
Forensics, Cyber Investigation, Cyber Security, Policing Cyber crimes.
Internet Law and Policy: 02
Law of Convergence, Telegraph, Cable Broadcasting, Satellite and the Internet, Legal and
Regulatory Aspects of Telecommunications in India.

Suggested Readings:
1. Kamlesh N. &Murali D. Tiwari(Ed), IT and Indian Legal System, Macmillan India
Ltd, New Delhi.
2. James K.L., the Internet, A User’s Guide (2003), Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Chris Reed, Internet Law, Text and Materials, 2nd Edition, 2005, Universal Law
Publishing Co., New Delhi.
4. Sharma Vakul, Hand book of Cyber Laws, Macmillan India Ltd, New Delhi.
5. Rao Joga S.V, Computer Contract & IT Laws (in 2 Volumes), 2005 Prolific Law
Publications, New Delhi.
6. Ramappa T., Legal Issues in Electronic Commerce, Macmillan India Ltd, New Delhi.
7. Indian Law Institute, Legal Dimensions of Cyber Space, New Delhi.
8. Jain Pankaj & Pandey Sangeet Rai, Copyright and Trademark Laws relating to Computers,
Eastern Book Co, New Delhi.
9. Ahmed Farouq, Cyber Law in India.
10. Rao Joga S.V., Law of Cyber Crimes and Information Technology Law, 2007, Wadhwa&
Co, Nagpur.
 107

Course: Human Rights Semester: IX

Course Code: BAL 902 Credits: 4

Objective: The aim of this course is to producing the Law Graduate who are capable to applying
the knowledge of human rights in every sphere of life and every respective field of Law.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 06
Theoretical and Historical development of the concept of Human Rights, Classification of
Human rights, Distinction between Human rights and Fundamental rights.

UNIT-II
International Initiatives of Human rights: 12
The UNO & Human Rights, UN Charter, UDHR, 1948, ICCPR, 1966, ICSECR, 1966, CRC,
1988 & CEDAW etc.
Regional Conventions on Human Rights: 06
European Convention on Human Rights, The American Convention on Human Rights, The
African Charter on Human Rights etc.
Human Rights and India: 06
Constitutional Perspectives, Part III of the Constitution (Fundamental Rights),Part IV of the
Constitution (DPSP),Human Duties (Fundamental Duties),Protection of Human Rights Act 1993
& other laws Human rights and vulnerable groups, Human Rights of women, aged persons,
children, minorities, displaced persons, victims of extremism and terrorism etc.

UNIT-III
International Humanitarian Law: 04
Definition, origin & development, protection of defenseless in war, limitations and methods &
use of force during armed conflicts.
Human Rights of Refugees: 08
Refugees, meaning, causes and kinds, International conventions on refugees, position of India,
Protection of Refugee Rights in India, Case study of Kashmir refugees etc, and judicial response.
Human Rights and crime: 06
Rights of victims of crime, victim logical perspectives, human rights of juveniles & protection,
violation of human rights during communal rights, rights of the convicted and accused persons.

UNIT -IV
Human Rights and Protection Issues: 08
Constitutional remedies under Art.32 & 226, Mechanism under the Protection of Human Rights
Act, State and National HRCs, Human Rights Courts, Role of Legal Services Authorities, NGOs
and State agencies in protection of Human Rights.
Human Rights and Contemporary Issues: 08
Cultural relativism, religious fundamentalism and its impact on human rights, self-determination,
increasing role of NGOs & press, role of International Criminal Court , etc.
 108

Suggested Readings:
1. Anand, A. S. Justice for women, 3rd edition 2008.
2. Addicott, F Jeffrey, (el ed), globalization, international law and human rights, 2012.
3. Baxi, upender, human rights in a posthuman world critical essays,2010.
4. Bhat, P. Ishwara, fundamental rights: a study of their interrelationship,2004.
5. Chakrabarti, NirmalKanti Dr. (ed), law and child,2011.
6. Chowdhury, Rahman Azizur, (el ed) issues in human rights,2010.
7. Clapham, Andrew Human Right, A very short introduction, New York: Oxford University
Press, 2007.
8. Ishay, Micheline R, The history of human rights: from ancient times to the globalization
era , new delhi: orient longman, 2004.
9. Iyer, V. R. Krishna, The dialectics and dynamics of human rights in India: yesterday,
today and tomorrow, 2000.
10. Jois, M. Rama, legal and constitutional history of india: ancient legal, judicial and
constitutional system, Delhi: universal law publishing co. Pvt. Ltd. Reprint 2004.
11. Jois, M. Rama, Seeds of modern public law in ancient indian jurisprudence and human
rights,bharatiya values, lucknow: eastern book company, second edition,2000.
12. Koening, Mattnias and Paul De Guchteneire, (ed) democracy and human rights in
multicultural societies,2007.
13. Lohoti, Justice R.C., preamble: the spirit and backbone of the constitution of india,
Lucknow: eastern book company, first edition, 2004.
14. N S Sreenivasulu Dr. Human rights: many sides to a coin,2004.
15. Naikar, N Lohit, The Law Relating To Human Rights, 2004.
 109

Course Code: Interpretation of Statutes Semester: IX

Course Code: 903 Credits : 4

Objective: To equip the students with various tools of interpretation of statutes.

Unit- I
Introduction: 04
General, Nature and Kinds of Indian Laws: Statutory, Non-statutory, Codified, Un-codified,
State-made and State-recognized laws.
Meaning and Scope of statute: 06
Meaning, Objects and Scope of interpretation and construction, Basic Sources of Statutory
Interpretation.

Unit- II
The General Clauses Act, 1897 : 06
Nature, Scope and Relevance (with special reference to sections 6 to 8 of the Act), Definition
clauses in various Legislations : Nature and Interpretative Role
General Theories and Rules of Interpretation: 06
The Function of the Court is to interpret the law and not to legislate, Statute must be read as a
whole.
Unit- III
The Primary Rule: 06
Literal Construction , Literal rule, Golden Rule, Mischief Rule of Construction, Construction
Ut res magis valeat quam pereat, Rule of Purposive Construction, Rule of Strict Interpretation
(Penal and Tax Statutes), Rule of Harmonious Construction, Principles of Ejusdem Generis
and Noscitur a sociis.
Intrinsic/Internal Aids to Interpretation (Parts of the statute and their interpretative role): 06
Language, phraseology, clauses and punctuation, Short and long titles, preamble, marginal
headings, parts and their captions, chapters and their captions, marginal and section-headings,
Explanations, exceptions, examples, provisos and schedules.
Defining legal expressions like means, includes, that is to say, etc.
Phrases like grammatical variations and cognate expressions; without prejudice to the
generality of, etc.

Unit- IV
Extrinsic/External Aids to Interpretation: 08
Role of Constituent Assembly debates in the interpretation of the Constitution of India,
Legislative history- Legislative Intention, Statement of objects and reasons, legislative debates,
Committee reports, etc. , International-law and human-rights documents.

Suggested Readings:
1. Sarathi’s, Vepa .P, Interpretation of statutes, 5th edition ,Eastern Book Co.
2. Bhattacharya , Prof. T., Interpretation of statutes,9th Ed. 2014, University Book House.
 110

Course: Elective- III (A) Competition Law Semester: IX

Course Code: EL 03A Credits: 3
Objective: Competition Law was enacted with a view that the Indian economy be enabled to
allow competition in the market from within the country and outside.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 05
Basic economic and legal principles, Restraint of Trade under Indian Contract Act, Monopolistic
Trade Practices, Restrictive Trade Practices, Competition policy in India.
Development of law from MRTP to Competition Act 2002: 08
Aims, Objects and Salient features , Comparison between MRTP Act and Competition Act, Anti-
Competitive Agreement, Abuse of Dominant Position, Combination, Protection of consumers
interest, Issue and Challenge relating to Competition Law in New Economy.

UNIT-II
Competition Commission of India: 10
Composition of CCI, function Powers and Procedure of CCI, Regulatory role of CCI, Role of
CCI for implementing governmental Policies, Distribution of business amongst Commission and
benches, Jurisdiction of benches and procedure for adjudication, Penalties for offences under the
Competition Act, 2002.

UNIT-III
Competition Appellate Tribunal: 10
Composition, Functions, Powers and Procedure, Award Compensation, Power to punish for
contempt, Execution of order.

UNIT-IV
Other Related Issues: 10
Competition Advocacy, Advertisement and Competition law, IPRs and Competition,
Educational, Initiative and other contemporary issues.

SuggestedReadings:
1. Taxmann’s Competition Act, 2002.
2. Dhall Vinod, Competition Law Today, Oxford University Press, 2007.
3. Kumar Raj Dr. ,Competition Law in New Economy,Savera Publishing House.
4. Dugar, S. M., Commentary on the MRTP Law, Competition Law and Consumer Protection
Law, LexisNexis.
5. Viswanathan, Suresh T, Law and Practice of Competition Act, 2002, Bharat Law House.
6. Talati, Adi P. and Mahala, Nahar S.,Competition Act, 2002: Law, Practice and Procedure,
Commercial Law Publisher.
 111

Course: Elective-III (B) International Commercial Arbitration Semester: IX

Course Code: EL 03B Credits: 3
Objective: To impart knowledge about Importance of International Commercial Arbitration in
India and abroad, its limitations and possibility of reforms going forward.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 10
Dispute Resolution in International Trade, International Commercial Arbitration, Growth and
Historical development, Objectives, theories, Legal framework, Concept and Nature of
International Commercial Arbitration, International Commercial Agreements, Basic Principles of
Interpretation of international commercial arbitration, International Arbitration versus Litigation,
Institutional Arbitration and Adhoc arbitration.
Arbitrability: 05
Nature and Scope of Arbitrability, Arbitration clauses, Agreement to Arbitrate, The Separability
Presumption, Autonomy, India’s Position, Significance of agreement in Arbitration, Forms of
arbitration agreement, Functions, Definition and Requirements Arbitrations Agreement, Foreign
Arbitration Agreement.

UNIT-II
Meaning and Nature of Commercial: 03
International Commercial Arbitration, disputes arising out of legal relationships, Contractual or
not, Considered as commercial under the law in force in India, Difference with International and
Indian laws.
Choice of Law Governing International Commercial Arbitration: 07
Laws applicable, laws governing Arbitration Agreement, Substantive issues, laws of
Enforcement and Recognition of arbitral Award, Enforcing the Choice of law clause, Seat
Theory (in Indian and Reciprocating Country), Formation, Substantial Validity, Non-
Arbitrability, Capacity or Authority to Conclude Arbitration Agreement, Interpretation, Party
Autonomy, Choice of National law, Conflicts of Rules.

UNIT-III
Appointment of Arbitrators: 05
Independence and impartiality of the tribunal, Powers and duties of international arbitrators,
Removal of arbitrators, Issues relating to unilateral appointment of arbitrator.
Jurisdiction: 05
Arbitral tribunal, Doctrine of competence, Competence, Requirements for national and
international arbitrations, Choice of Procedural Law, Conduct of Proceedings, Discovery and
disclosure powers, Role national courts in obtaining evidence, Confidentiality, Right to
Representation.
UNIT-IV
Online Dispute Resolutions: 05
E-Arbitration, Online Arbitration Agreement, Online Arbitral Award, Regulatory Framework for
Online Dispute Resolution, Means, Confidentiality, Publication of Result of online arbitral
Resolution, Protection of Electronic Communication of Data.
Arbitral Awards Recognition and enforcement of Award: 05
Methods and Grounds of challenge, Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards,
Reciprocity and commercial reservation, Indian law, scope and applicability, Foreign award,
 112

meaning, General policy for review foreign award in India, Grounds for refusal of recognition
and enforcement of a foreign award , Recognition and enforcement of annulled awards.
UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration:
Objectives and Principles, Structure and Adoption of Model Law, General Provisions, Arbitral
Agreement, Composition, Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunal, Interim Measures, Preliminary
Orders, Conduct of Arbitral Proceedings, Making of Award, Termination of Proceedings,
Recourse against Award, Difference between Indian International Commercial Arbitration and
UNCITRAL Model Law.
Institutional Bodies of Arbitration:
International Chamber of Commerce, History, Evolution, International Court of Arbitration,
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), International Centre of Settlement of Investment
Disputes (ICSID), WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center, WTO Dispute Settlement System,
Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAC), Society of Maritime Arbitrators (SMA), International
Centre for ADR, The London Court of International Arbitration.

Suggested Readings:

1. Sethi Harsh, Gupta Arpan Kumar, International Commercial Arbitration and Its Indian Perspective,
2011 Universal Law Publication, New Delhi.
2. Fouchard, Gaillard Goldman, International Commercial Arbitration
3. Bansal A.K, Law of International Commercial Arbitration,Universal Law Publishing 2003.
 113

Course: Elective-IV (A) Criminology and Penology Semester: IX

Course Code: EL 04A Credits: 3

Objective: To understand crime and the methods by which society deals with crime, punishment
and in-depth examination of the formal institutions of criminal justice such as police, courts.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 06
Criminology meaning, Definition, Nature and scope of criminology and penology and the nature
and extent of crime in India, The concept of crime and characteristic of criminal law,
Determination and differential of crime, The criminal- who is a criminal?, Whether criminology
is a science?, Objective of criminal justice system.

UNIT- II
Schools of criminology: 10
The Classical school and Neo-classical School, Cartographic, Socialist, Typological,
Lombrosian, Psychiatric, Sociological and socio-psychological.
Prevalence of crime: 08
Study of crime and criminal justice, Identification of the causes of crime, theories, Approaches to
crime problem, Focus on individual and environment.

UNIT- III
Role and function of police: 06
In action, Police goals, objectives and functions, National Police Commission
(recommendations), Appointment of Police commissioner, Judicial Powers (Executive),
Organized crimes, Rights of victims, Protection of the accused.
Imprisonment: 06
History of Prisons, Aims and objectives, and conditions, Types of prisons, Success and failure of
prisons, Discipline and control, Open air institutions, Prison work, Education, Prison reform,
schools and reformations, Rights of prisoners (contribution of the Supreme Court).

UNIT- IV
Prevention of crime and Delinquency: 04
Punitive approach, Defence approach, Interventionist approach, prevention policies, recidivism,
intervention, mechanical approach, clinical approach.
White collar crime: 04
Nature and definition, Types of white collar crime and development, Legislation to meet white
collar crimes, Judicial trends.

Suggested Readings:
1. Siddique Ahmed, Criminology
2. Sethna M J, Society and the Criminal
3. Sirohi J P S, Criminology and Criminal Administration
4. Paranjape N V, Criminology and Penology
5. Sutherland E H, and Cressy D R, Principles of Criminology
6. Sutherland E H, White Collar Crime.
 114

Course: Elective-IV (B) Comparative Criminal Law Semester: IX

Course Code: EL 04B Credits: 3

Objective: The scope of the subject is make the student well versed with the subject of Criminal
Law in the international arena along with Comparative analysis of it.

UNIT-I
Introduction: 04
The Comparative Criminal Law: Object and Scope of the Subject, Adversarial Model: India,
USA, England etc., And Inquisitorial Model: France, Italy, Germany, Australia, Basic Principles
of Criminal Jurisprudence: Presumption of Innocence, Proving Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt,
Fair Trial.
Justice Malimath Committee Report on Reforms: 04
Adversarial & Inquisitorial Model, Justice to victim, Investigation, Witness and Perjury, The
Right to Silence: Meaning and Scope, Indian Law on Subject, World Scenario- Canada, Italy,
Japan, South Africa, USA, UK.

UNIT-II
Right to Silence: 04
Meaning and Scope, Indian Law on Subject: World Scenario- Canada, Italy, Japan, South Africa,
USA, UK, Right to Silence and Adverse Inference.
Inherent Powers of the Court: 04
Meaning and Scope, Indian Law on Subject: Sec. 482, 311 313, 313A and 319 of Cr.P.C, 1973,
Sec. 165 of Indian Evidence Act, 1872, International Scenario: Judge’s positive duty of
discovery of truth, Sec. 139 of Germany Magna Charta.
Rights of Arrested Person: 04
Indian and world Scenario on following rights: Impartial & Fair Trial, Speedy Trial, Double
Jeopardy, Ex-Post facto law, Assistance of Counsel, To know the grounds of Arrests, Right of
Medical Examination, Right Against Torture, Case Laws: Miranda v. Arizona, Joginder Kumar
v. State of U.P., D.K. Basu v. State of W.B.

UNIT-III
Plea Bargain: 08
Meaning Scope and Object, Types: Charge Bargain, Sentence Bargain, Fact Bargain, World
Scenario- Canada, Italy, Poland, USA, UK, Indian Law: 2005 Amendment
Sec. 265A- 265L of [Link], 1973.

UNIT-IV
Honor Killing: 06
History, Meaning and Reasons, Types: For Seeking Marriage, Inter Caste and Sa-gotra Marriage,
Witch Hunting as Honor Killing, Sati as Honor Killing, Legal Regime on the Subject: India,
Pakistan, Joardan, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Turkey, Honor Killing and Khap Panchayats, Fake
Honor vis-à-vis Real Murder: Judicial Approach.
 115

Right to Privacy, Choice and Homosexuality: 04

History, Meaning of Privacy and homosexuality, Right to Equality and Sec. 377 IPC, 1860,
Right to Privacy and Sec. 377 IPC, 1860, Freedom of Choice and Sec. 377 IPC, 1860, Current
Legal Scenario: Global Trends.
Cyber Crime: 04
History, Meaning of Cyber Crime, Cyber terrorism, Cyber theft
Modern Crimes 02

SuggestedReadings:
1. Justice Malimath Committee Report on the Reforms in the Criminal Justice System.
2. Kelkar R.V., The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
3. Ratanlal&Dhirajlal, The Code of Criminal Procedure, Lexis Nexis Publication.
4. Gaur K.D., The Indian Penal Code, Universal Publication.
5. Gaur K.D., Criminal Law: Cases & Materials, Lexis Nexis Publication.
6. Monir M., The Law of Evidence, Universal Law Publication.
7. Ratanlal&Dhirajlal, The Law of Evidence, Lexis Nexis Publication.
 116

Course: Value added course- Legal & Research Methodology Semester: IX

Course Code: VAC 05 Credits: 2
Course Outcome: After the completion of the course, students will be able to:
CO1: Understand basic concepts of research and its methodologies.
CO2: Define research problem and identify appropriate research designs and methodologies for
solving business and legal issues.
CO3: Develop critical thinking to find business opportunities and to solve legal problems.
CO4: Apply research approaches, techniques and strategies in solving research problem.
CO5: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of data analysis and interpretation, writing
and presenting of research report.

UNIT-I
Meaning and Classification of Laws: 02
Meaning and Definition of Law, Purpose and Functions of Law, Classification of Laws – Public
and Private Law, Substantive and Procedural Law, Municipal and International Law, Civil and
Criminal Law
Legal Research: 03
Meaning and Importance of Legal Research, Research Methods and Methodology, Ethics in
Legal Research, Qualities of a Good Researcher, Types of Legal Research, Steps in a Legal
Research
Fundamentals of Research: 04
Meaning, Importance, Nature and Scope of Research, Application of Research in Marketing and
Law, Types of Research: Applied, Descriptive, Historical

UNIT-II
Data Collection: 05
Secondary Data: Introduction, Source, Types and Limitations of Secondary Data & Methods of
Data Collection, Primary Data: Introduction & Methods of Collecting Primary Data:
Observation, Interviews Questionnaire Design, Surveys
Sampling & Scaling: 05
Introduction of Sampling, Sampling Process, Sampling techniques, Sample size determination &
Sampling Errors, Probability Sampling: Cluster sampling, stratified sampling, multi stage
sampling, Non Probability Sampling: Purposive sampling, Quota Sampling and Convenience
Sampling Measurement, Scaling Techniques: Comparative & Non-Comparative

UNIT-III
Research Problem and Research Design: 04
Identification and Defining Research Problem, Feature of good Research Design, Research
Design in Exploratory, Descriptive and Causal Research, Formulation of Hypothesis, Type I and
II Errors
Data Analysis: 03
Editing, Coding, Tabulation & Interpretation of data, Hypothesis Testing- Chi square Test, T-
test, F-test & Z-test.
 117

UNIT-IV
Report Writing: 04
Contents of Reports, Types of Reports, Role of Reports and Report Presentation, Legal and
Ethical issues in Research Report Writing

Legal Writing & Materials: 04

Case Laws, Journals, Statute & its Parts, Citations – Importance and Usage, Steps in Writing a
Research Project

Suggested Readings:
1. Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology, New Age Publications 2016.
2. Dixit, M., Research Methodology, S. Chand Publications 2015
3. Myeni, S. R., Legal Research Methodology, Central Law Publications 2015
4. Tripathi, B. N. M. An Introduction to Jurisprudence & Legal Theory, Central Law Publications
2015
5. Myeni, S. R. Legal Research Methodology, Allahabad Law Agency 2015
Indian Legal System, ILI Publications 2016
6. Kothari, C. R. Research Methodology, New Age Publications 2016
 118

[Link].F. UNIVERSITY, RANCHI

BACHELOR OF LAW

SEMESTER- X
COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Credits
CODE
BAL 1001 Environmental Law 4 0 0 4
BAL1002 Banking and Insurance Law 4 0 0 4
BAL 1003 Dissertation 0 0 4 4
EL05 A/ B Elective-V(Optional) 3 0 0 3
EL06 A/ B Elective-VI( Optional) 3 0 0 3
OC 05 Mooc- V 0 1 1 2
LIP 05 Legal Internship Program-I 0 0 2 2
Total 14 1 7 22
 119

Course: Environmental Law Semester: X

Course Code: BAL 1001 Credits: 4
Objective: Environmental law is a complex group of laws and regulations which operate to
regulate the interaction of human life to the natural environment. Environmental laws consist of
treaties, conventions, statutes and regulations. Often environmental law falls under common law.
The purpose of environmental law is to protect and preserve the environment. There are two
main subjects of environmental laws, control of pollution, and the conservation and management
of land.

UNIT -I
Introduction to Environmental Law: 10
Conceptual evolution of Environmental Law, Sources, Causes, Kinds and Effects of Pollution,
Religious and cultural practices in India in protecting environment, Constitutional Provisions for
Environmental Protection, Common law remedies, Remedies in Tort, civil and criminal laws.
International Initiatives and Environmental Protection: 05
Environment and Development, UNCHE (Stockholm), 1972, UNCED (Rio), 1992, Sustainable
development and its principles, Convention on climate change COP1, 15, Convention on climate
change, Convention on Biodiversity/Earth summit1992, Kyoto protocol 1997.

UNIT-II
Policies and Role of Judiciary: 10
(Ministry of Environment and Forest website &Ch 3& 5 Environment Policy 2006, National
water Policy, Forest Policy, 5 year Plans 12th Plan and Environment, Judicial Activism/ PIL/SAL
on Environment.
Water Pollution, Protection and Prevention Law: 08
Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Definitions, Central and State Pollution
Control Board, Experts and Laboratory examination.

UNIT -III
Air Pollution: Protection and Prevention Law: 07
The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Definitions, Central and State Pollution
Control Board, Experts and Laboratory examination.
Environment, Conservation and Protection: 10
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Environmental Impact Assessment, Public Hearing and
Role of NGOs, the National Environment Tribunal Act, 1955, the National Environment
Appellate Authority Act, 1997, Green Tribunal Act 2010.

UNIT-IV
Forests and Wild Life, Protection and Conservation: 07
The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980,The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, The Scheduled
Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006,The
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act.
Biodiversity Protection law: 02
Biodiversity Act 2002
Noise Pollution, Prevention Law: 03
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000.
 120

Hazardous Waste Management: 02

Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, The Municipal Solid wastes
(Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

Suggested Readings:
1. Diwan Paras, Studies on Environmental Cases.
2. Jain S.N. (ed.), Pollution Control and the Law.
3. Divan Armin RosencranzandShyam, Environmental Law and Policy in India.
4. Agarwal A. (ed.), Legal Control of Environmental Pollution.
5. Mehta Chetan Singh, Environmental Protection and Law.
6. Iyer V.K. Krishna, Environment Pollution and Law.
7. Shah, Environmental Law.
8. Diwan Paras, Environmental Law and Policy in India,1991.
9. Swamy N. Maheshwara Dr., Environmental Law, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.
 121

Course: Banking and Insurance Law Semester: X

Course Code: BAL 1002 Credits: 4
Objective: This course is designed with the objective of acquainting students with the
conceptual and operational parameters of Banking law and Insurance Law, the judicial
interpretation and the new and emerging dimensions of both Insurance as well as Banking sector.
It also teaches the students the various aspects and rights that exist in the Banking and Insurance
sector.

UNIT-I
Indian Banking Structure: 08
Origin, Evolution of Banking Institutions, Types and functions of banks, Commercial banks,
Functions, Banking Companies in India, RBI, Constitution, Management and Functions,
Banking Regulation Act, 1949, State Bank of India, UTI, IDBI, RRBs’, Local banks.
Law relating to Negotiable Instruments: 10
Law relating to Negotiable Instruments, 1881 Act (Read with the amended Act of 2002) and
Practical Procedure, Negotiable Instruments, Kinds, Holder and holder in due course, Parties,
Negotiation, Assignment, Presentment, Endorsement, Liability of parties, Payment in due course,
Special rules of evidence, Material alteration, Noting and protest, Paying banker and collecting
banker, Bills in sets, Penal provisions under NI Act and Civil Liability.
Funds: 05
Employment of funds, Loans and Advances, Guarantees, Advances secured by Collateral
securities, Regulation of Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets of Banks and
Financial Institutions, Enforcement of Security Interest and other Rules of Securitization Act,
2002.
UNIT-II
Banker and customer Relationship: 10
Definition of banker and customer, General relationship, Special relationship, Banker’s duty of
secrecy, banker’s duty to honor cheques, banker’s lien, and banker’s right to set off ,
Appropriation of payments , Garnishee order , Customer’s duties towards his banker. Opening of
New Accounts , Special types of customers , Minor’s A/C, Joint A/C, Partnership A/C,
Company’s A/C, Married women’s A/C, Trust A/C, Joint Hindu family A/C , Illiterate persons,
lunatics, executors , Precautions required in case of administrators, clubs, societies and charitable
institutions to open an account .
Ancillary Services and E- Banking: 08
Remittances , General, DD, MT, TT, Traveler’s cheques, bank orders, credit card, debit/smart
cards, safe deposit vaults, gift cheques, stock invest, E-Banking, Definition, E-Banking includes,
Internet banking, mobile banking, ATM banking, computerized banking, E-banking services,
retail services, wholesale services, E-Cheque, authentication, Cyber Evidence, Banking
Ombudsman.

UNIT-III
Insurance Law: 05
Introduction, Nature, Definition, History of Insurance, History and development of Insurance in
India, Insurance Act, 1938, (main sections) Insurance Regulatory Authority Act, 1999: Its role
and functions.
 122

Contract of Insurance: 05
Classification of contract of Insurance, Nature of various Insurance Contracts, Parties there to,
Principles of good faith, non disclosure, Misrepresentation in Insurance Contract, Insurable
Interest, Premium: Definition, method of payment, days of grace, forfeiture, return of premium,
Mortality, The risk, Meaning and scope of risk, Causa Proxima, Assignment of the subject
matter.

UNIT- IV
Life Insurance: 05
Nature and scope of Life Insurance, Kinds of Life Insurance. The policy and formation of a life
insurance contract, Event insured against Life Insurance contract, Circumstance affecting the
risk, Amount recoverable under the Life Policy, Persons entitles to payment, Settlement of claim
and payment of money, Life Insurance Act, 1956, Insurance against third party rights.
General Insurance:
Fire Insurance: 04
Nature and scope of Fire Insurance, Basic Principles, Conditions & Warranties, Right & Duties
of Parties, Claims, Some Legal Aspects. Introduction to Agriculture Insurance, History of Crop
Insurance in India, Crop Insurance Underwriting, Claims, Problems associated with Crop
Insurance, Cattle Insurance in India.
Marine Insurance: 04
Nature and Scope, Classification of Marine policies, Insurable interest, Insurable values, Marine
insurance and policy, Conditions and express warranties, Voyage deviation, Perils of sea, Loss,
Kinds of Loss, The Marine Insurance Act, 1963.

Suggested Readings:
1. Murthy K.S.N. and Sharma KVS, Modern Law of Insurance in India,1995, edn. New
Tripathi Pvt. Ltd. Bombay.
2. Pulirani Ravi and Pulirani Mahesh, Manual of Insurance Law, 2001 Ed. Bharat Law
House Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Singh BrijNandan, Insurance Law, University Book Agency, Allahabad
4. Michael Parkington, Insurance Law, 6thedn, 1975, Sweet and Maxwell, London.
5. M.N. Srinivasan, Law of Insurance.
6. Bhattacharya, Law of Insurance.
7. Mishra M.N. Dr., Law of Insurance.
8. Harding and Eveanly, General Principles of Insurance.
9. Banerji, Law of Insurance, Asia Law House.
10. Singh Avatar, Law of Insurance, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.
11. Mithra B.C., The Law relating to Marine Insurance, The University Book Agency,
Allahabad
12. Kumar Gyanendra, Hand book on Insurance Law, Delhi Law House
13. J.V.N. Jaiswal, Law of Insurance, Eastern Book Company ,Luknow
14. Tannan, Banking Law & Practice in India, 18th Edn., Orient Law House, New Delhi.
15. Singh Avtar, Negotiable Instruments, 3rd Edn., Eastern Book Company, Lucknow, 1997.
16. [Link], Banking Law & Practice, 17th Edn. Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
 123

Course: Elective-V (A) Media Law Semester: X

Course Code: EL05A Credits: 3
Objective: This objective is to give student a background into general principles of law and the
legal system, especially as these principles apply to general and commercial aviation.

UNIT -I
Media and Its Structure: 04
Meaning of mass media, concept and nature of mass media, evolution of media, functions and
effects of media on society, ethical theories and framework of media, types of media,
organizational structure and management of mass media in India.

UNIT-II
Media and the Constitution: 06
Freedom of speech and expression, comparative study with International Conventions, judicial
interpretation, media and right to privacy, media and right to information, media and
Parliamentary Privileges.
Media and Legal Framework: 08
Press in India, the Press Council Act, 1971, press and registration, laws relating to newspaper,
advertisement and ethics (commercial advertisement and consumer justice), Advertisement
Standard Council of India (ASCI), accountability and independence of press.

UNIT-III
Media and Legal Framework: 06
Law of defamation, obscenity, Blasphemy, Sedition, Hate Speech, Parliamentary Proceedings
(Protection of Publication) Act 1977, Contempt of Court Act, 1971, Official Secret Act, 1923,
media and public morality.
Law of Electronic Media: 08
Origin and impact of films, Film Censorship, Cinematography Act, 1952 and relevant rules,
Electronic Broadcasting Media, Evolution and reforms of Broadcasting in India, Judicial
Recognition of the Right to Broadcasting, Cable Television Act 1995, Internet as new Media,
Rules of Cyber Security.

UNIT-IV
Media and Society: 12
Effects of T.V. on People, Sensationalisation, Colored Reporting, Media Controlled by Political
Parties, Communal Writing, Media Trial, Hate Speech, Constitutional Restrictions, Judicial
Decision of Doordarshan Decision, Media and Human Rights (Venerable Groups), Role and
Responsibility of Media during Emergency and Elections.
Suggested Readings:
1. Divan MadhaviGarodfia, Facets of Media Law.
2. Sridhar M, Law of Expression.
3. Myneni S R Dr, Media Law.
4. Sama Umar Dr., Law of Electronic Media and Regulation.
5. Bhatia Sita, Freedom of Press, Political,Legal Aspects of Press Legislative in India.
 124

Course: Elective-V (B) Law of Medicine and Health Semester: X

Course Code: EL05B Credits: 3
Objective: To acquire the knowledge with regard to interaction of law and medical profession
inter se, which assume importance in the emerging medico-legal world.

UNIT-I
Introduction to Health: 06
Nature, meaning and concept of health, Relation between the health and medicine,
Classification of health, mental health, physical health, child health, women health, health of
aged people, public health, Role of the government in health care, Evolution of healthcare
systems, healthcare establishments, classifications of healthcare establishments, Classification of
health care systems, primary and public healthcare, government and private health care,
Evolution of healthcare law, international conventions and treaties : ALMTA, ATA, WHO,
Evolution of national healthcare law, Regulation of healthcare establishments.
Introduction to Medicine: 04
Concept of Medicine, Classification of Medcine, Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, Acupuncture,
Allopathy, Classification of medicines, drugs, bulk drugs, medicines, narcotics, cosmetics,
Medical and paramedical profession, Medical education, Regulation of medical education,
Medical Council of India, Nursing council of India.

UNIT-II
Hospital Management: 02
Introduction to hospital management, Departments of Hospitals, planning, budgeting, staffing,
organizing, financing/accounting, auditing and controlling functions of Hospital, compliances
of hospital, training and development of hospital staff and doctors.
Medical Ethics: 02
Importance of medical profession, Code of medical ethics, professional relationships: Patient,
Doctor, Doctor, Doctor, Doctor, State, Medical malpractices, Human rights and healthcare.
Healthcare law: 03
Constitutional perspective of health, Right to life (Art.21), Directive principles of State policy
Art. 39, 47, 48A, Fundamental Duties Art.51A, Health policy of the government, Indian Medical
Council Act 1956, Indian Medical Association, Regulations under Medical Degrees Act 1948,
Medical council of India, Pharmacy Council of India, Regulations on Nursing homes and
Clinics.
Healthcare Law and Penal provisions: 05
Offences affecting the public health safety, Section 268, 286 of Indian Penal Code, 1860,
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, The Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994 ,
The Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994, Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940 , Drugs and
Magic Remedies Act, 1954.

UNIT-III
Healthcare, Tortuous and Contractual Liabilities: 06
Liability of doctors and hospitals, Concept of Consent, Confidentiality, Standard of care,
Contractual liability, Liability for professional negligence, Vicarious Liability, Liability under
the Consumer Protection Act 1986, Privileged communication, Dying Declaration.
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Government: Healthcare Schemes : 04

The Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS), Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY),
Pradhan MantriSwasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY), National Programme for Health Care of
the Elderly (NPHCE).
UNIT-IV
WHO and Healthcare Schemes: 06
Role of WHO I world healthcare, Malaria eradication, Polio eradication, HIV, AIDS eradication,
Swine flu prevention schemes, Ebola prevention, Subsidies and financial help, Healthcare
assistance to developing and least development countries
Current Developments: 06
Legality of Surrogacy, Euthanasia and Physicians assisted suicide, experiments on human
beings, Bio-Medical wastes, Genetic Engineering, TesttubeTechnology aspects baby, Genetic
Engineering, Stem Cell Therapy and Biologics, Clinical trials, Modern methods in Clinical trials,
Trials by Devices and Drugs, Types of Trials, Administration and Marketing, Ethical aspect,
Participation and Regulatory Agencies of Clinical Trials.

Suggested Readings:
1. Srivastava Lilly Dr., Law and Medicine, Central Law Publications 2nd Edition 2013.
2. AdhikariNandita Dr. , Law and Medicine, central Law Publications3rd Edition 2013.
3. Omprakash S Dr. Chokhani., Text Book on Law and Medicine, Hind Law House 2007 Edition.
4. Bag, R.K, Law of Medical Negligence and Compensation, Eastern Law House, 2001.
5. Shulka, V.N., Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow, 2010.
6. Ratan Lal and Dhirajlal, The code of Criminal Procedure, 2000.
7. Chandra U. Dr., Human Rights, Allahabad Law Agency Publications, 2003.
8. Banerji D., Health in Industry, Pelican Book, 1989.
9. Austen Garwood , Gowers, Living Donor Organ Transplantation : Key Legal and Ethical
Issues(1999) Dart Month Publishing Company, England.
10. Rao [Link], Current Issues in Criminal Justice and Medical law (1999) eastern, Calcutta Jonathan
Montgomery, Health Care Law, (1997), Oxford.
11. Carol Levine, Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Bio,Ethical Issues (1984) Dushkin
Publishing group, Inc. Conneticut Eileen. McDonagh, Breaking the Abortion Dead lock (1996),
Oxford.
12. Malcolm Khan and Michelle Robson, Medical Negligence (1997) Cavendish Publishing Limited,
London. William H. Roache, (Jr.) et. al. Medical Records and the Law (1998), Aspen Publishers,
Maryland.
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Course: Elective-VI (A) Probation & Parole Semester: X

Course Code: EL06A Credits: 3

UNIT- I
Criminology: 06
The concept of Crime, Nature and scope of criminology, Schools of criminology, Causation of
Crime (Etiology).
Nature of Punishment: 06
Theories of punishments- deterrent, preventive, retributive, reformative and expiatory theory,
Kinds of punishment and judicial sentencing, Capital punishment, the police system, Criminal
laws Courts protection to the accused, strict construction of penal statutes, Penal law not to be
retrospective in operation.

UNIT- II
Organized Crime: 07
1. Definition Main characteristics of organized crime.
2. Organized Predatory Crime
3. Crime Syndicate
4. Criminal Rackets
5. Political grafts.

UNIT-III
Probation: 15
Application of probation – utility and misconception, Conditions of Probation, Probation of
offenders Act 1958, Power of Court to release certain offenders after admonition, Power of Court
to release certain offenders on probation of good conduct, Power of Court to require released
offenders to pay compensation and costs, Restrictions on imprisonment of offenders under
twenty-one years of age. Report of probation officer to be confidential, Variation of conditions of
probation. Procedure in case of offender failing to observe conditions of bond, Provisions as to
Sureties

Unit-IV
Parole: 10
The concept of Parole and object of parole, Parole and Probation Compared, Parole
Distinguished from Furlough, Parole in India, Structural set up of Parole Boards and their
functions, Conditions of Parole, Judicial Trend, Parole Violation

Bibliography
1. Katherine S. Williams, Text Book on Criminology (1997) Blackstone, London.
2. A. Siddique, Criminology, problems and perspectives (1997).
3. D.C. Pandey, Habitual offenders and the law.
4. Prof. N.V. Paranijape criminology and penology.
5. Prof. S.S. Shrivastava Criminology and criminal administration.
6. Prof. V.B. Agrawal and R.K. Raizada Crime and Criminology.
7. Probation of offenders Act. 1958.
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Course: Elective-VI (B) International Trade Law Semester: X

Course Code: EL06B Credits: 3
Objective- Trade is one of the main driving forces behind the increasing globalization. The
advent of new technologies has made the world smaller place. The objective of this course is to
make the students understand the various facets of International Trade Law.

Unit 1
Introduction to International Trade Law: 10
Introduction, theories of International Trade. Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of
International Trade, Concepts of International Trade Law, Open Economy vs. Closed Economy
vs. Mixed Economy. Protectionism, Free Trade vs. Protectionism. Dumping, Tariffs, Barriers to
Trade Tariff Barriers, Non-Tariff Barriers.

Unit II
Multinational Corporations: 08
Introduction to Multinational Corporations, Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of
Multinational Corporations. Policy Measures Case Study to show impact of Multinational
Corporations on developing countries.

Unit III
GATT: 08
GATT, Historical Evolution of GATT, Objectives and provisions of GATT, GATT Rounds,
Agreements under GATT, Agricultural Products, Multi Fiber Agreement
TRIMS, Dispute Resolution under GATT, Reasons for failures of GATT
WTO: 08
Marrakesh Declaration and Uruguay Round, Functions and Structure of WTO Subsidies, TRIPS
Agreement, Dispute Settlement under WTO, Analysis of WTO

Unit IV
International Organizations: 05
EU, SAARC, International Finance Framework, IMF, IBRD, AIIB, New Development Bank,
ADB
Issues with International Trade: 05
Environment, Developed vs. Developing Conflict, Brexit.