MDCAT English
Study of Pronoun
By
Nasir Imran Khan
Assistant Professor
Emerson University, Multan.
Introduction Pronoun Mistakes
to Parts of and Types Related to
Speech of Pronoun Pronouns
MCAT Past
Practice
Paper
Questions
Questions
Pronoun
1. Definition:
• A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a
replacement for a noun.
• This noun is termed as antecedent of pronoun.
2. Examples:
• I
• My
• Where
• Their
• Those
• Mine
Introduction Pronoun Mistakes
to Parts of and Types Related to
Speech of Pronoun Pronouns
MCAT Past
Practice
Paper
Questions
Questions
Personal Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Emphatic Relative Interrogative
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Demonstrative Indefinite
Pronoun Pronoun
Personal Pronoun
1. Definition:
• A personal pronoun is used in place of a noun.
2. Examples:
I Mine They Them
Our Yours
3. Table of Personal Pronoun:
Subjective Case Possessive Case ( Pronoun) Possessive Case ( Adjective) Objective Case
First Person Singular:
Mine My Me
I
First Person Plural:
Ours Our Us
We
Second Person
Yours Your You
You
Third Person Singular
His His Him
He
Third Person Singular
Hers Her Her
She
Third Person Plural
Theirs Their Them
They
Third Person Neutral
Singular Its Its It
It
Personal Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Emphatic Relative Interrogative
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Demonstrative Indefinite
Pronoun Pronoun
Possessive Pronoun
1. Definition:
• Possessive Pronouns are the words that indicate
ownership.
2. Examples:
Mine Ours Theirs Its
Hers His Yours
3. Table of Personal Pronoun:
Subjective Case Possessive Case (Pronoun) Possessive Case (Adjective) Objective Case
First Person Singular:
Mine My Me
I
First Person Plural:
Ours Our Us
We
Second Person
Yours Your You
You
Third Person Singular
His His Him
He
Third Person Singular
Hers Her Her
She
Third Person Plural
Theirs Their Them
They
Third Person Neutral
Singular Its Its It
It
Personal Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Emphatic Relative Interrogative
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Demonstrative Indefinite
Pronoun Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun
1. Definition:
• Reflexive pronouns indicate that the subject receives
the action of the verb.
2. Singular Reflexive Pronouns:
Myself Himself Herself Yourself
Itself
3. Plural Reflexive Pronouns :
Themselves Ourselves Yourselves
4. Use in Sentence:
• Akif accidently hit himself in the head.
• She fell down and injured herself.
Personal Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Emphatic Relative Interrogative
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Demonstrative Indefinite
Pronoun Pronoun
Emphatic Pronoun
1. Definition:
• Emphatic pronouns indicate that the subject emphasizing
that action that has been taken by him/her/it.
2. Singular Emphatic Pronouns:
Myself Himself Herself Yourself
Itself
3. Plural Emphatic Pronouns :
Themselves Ourselves Yourselves
4. Use in Sentence:
• They themselves will inaugurate the project.
• We ourselves completed this task.
MCQ: He himself has done this.
The underlined portion is a/an___.
A. Personal Pronoun
B. Reflexive Pronoun
C. Emphatic Pronoun
D. Possessive Pronoun
MCQ: He fell down and hurt himself.
The underlined portion is a/an___.
A. Personal Pronoun
B. Reflexive Pronoun
C. Emphatic Pronoun
D. Possessive Pronoun
Personal Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Emphatic Relative Interrogative
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Demonstrative Indefinite
Pronoun Pronoun
Relative Pronoun
1. Definition:
• Relative pronouns are used to connect or relate a
dependent clause to an independent clause. Relative
pronouns are found in adjective clauses or noun clauses.
2. Examples:
Which Whose Who Whom That
3. Use in Sentence:
• The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.
• The car which hit me was yellow.
Personal Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Emphatic Relative Interrogative
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Demonstrative Indefinite
Pronoun Pronoun
Interrogative Pronoun
1. Definition:
• Interrogative pronouns introduce questions.
2. Examples:
Where When Why Whom What
3. Use in Sentence:
• Whom did you tell?
• Who took you to the hospital?
MCQ: He is the boy who has done this. The
underlined portion is a/an ___.
A. Personal Pronoun
B. Relative Pronoun
C. Interrogative Pronoun
D. Possessive Pronoun
Personal Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Emphatic Relative Interrogative
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Demonstrative Indefinite
Pronoun Pronoun
Demonstrative Pronoun
1. Definition:
• The demonstrative pronouns point out nouns, which
by their use indicate or demonstrate about what is
being talked about.
2. Examples:
This That Those These One Such
3. Use in Sentence:
• This is your pen.
• Those were good days.
Personal Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Emphatic Relative Interrogative
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
Demonstrative Indefinite
Pronoun Pronoun
Indefinite Pronoun
1. Definition:
• An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person,
thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite".
2. Examples:
Everyone Someone Each Every None Neither
Either Both All Somewhat
3. Use in Sentence:
• Everyone in the room is sleepy.
• Each of the boys has come to attend the class.
Introduction Pronoun Mistakes
to Parts of and Types Related to
Speech of Pronoun Pronouns
MCAT Past
Practice
Paper
Questions
Questions
Common Mistakes Related to Pronouns
(Correct Use of Pronouns)
Rule 1:
i. Description:
• Pronouns must agree with their antecedent in both number
(singular or plural) and person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.).
• Definite Pronouns Has antecedents.
• Indefinite Pronouns Has no antecedents.
ii. Examples:
• He should do his duty.
• One should do one’s duty.
• She should do her duty.
• They should do their duty.
Rule 2:
i. Description:
• Always use subjective form of pronoun after all the forms of
the verb “Be (is, am are, was, were, been), than, as ,
both’.
ii. Examples:
• I thought it was him. (Incorrect)
I thought it was he. (Correct)
• It is me who won the match. (Incorrect)
It is I who won the match. (Correct)
• He is taller than me. (Incorrect)
He is taller than I. (Correct)
Rule 3:
i. Description:
• Use Objective case of Pronoun after ‘Verbs, let, between,
and Prepositions.’
ii. Examples:
• Nauman has invited I to tea. (Incorrect)
Nauman has invited me to tea. (Correct)
• She is against we all. (Incorrect)
She is against us all. (Correct)
• They talked with he and I. (Incorrect)
They talked with him and me. (Correct)
When ‘save, except’ are used as prepositions, use objective case
after them.
e.g. Everyone came except me.
Rule 4:
i. Description:
• Who is used primarily for humans and large-sized animals.
• Which is used for non living things and small-sized animals
• That is used for livings and non-livings both.
ii. Examples:
• This is the bird who sings. (Incorrect)
This is the bird which sings. (Correct)
• He is the man which came here. (Incorrect)
He is the man who came here. (Correct)
Rule 5:
i. Description:
• ‘Who, whose, whom, which, that’ are relative pronouns and
are used exactly after the nouns they relate.
ii. Examples:
• My sister sent me a gift who is in Lahore. (Incorrect)
My sister who lives in Lahore sent me a gift. (Correct)
Rule 6:
i. Description:
• Use singular verbs and pronouns with the following
words.
• If these words are followed by of, SUBJECT attached is plural
but verbs and pronouns of the sentence are singular.
Anybody Anyone Anything Each Either Everybody Everyone Everything
Neither Nobody None Nothing One Somebody Someone Something
ii. Examples:
• Every man should do their duty. (Incorrect)
Every man should do his duty. (Correct)
• One of the boy was doing his duty. (Incorrect)
One of the boys was doing his duty. (Correct)
Rule 7:
i. Description:
• “Neither” is used for the negation of two persons or things
while “None” is used for more than two persons or things.
ii. Examples:
• Neither of them was present there. (Incorrect)
None of them was present there. (Correct)
• I have none of the two books to read out. (Incorrect)
I have neither of the two books to read out. (Correct)
Rule 8:
i. Description:
• “Either” is used for two persons or things while
“Any/Anyone” is used for more than two persons or things.
ii. Examples:
• Either of them was present there. [incorrect]
Anyone of them was present there. [correct]
• I have any of the two books to read out. [incorrect]
I have either of the two books to read out. [correct]
Rule 9:
i. Description:
• “Each other” is used for two person or things while
• “One another” is used for more than two persons or things.
ii. Examples:
• Two brothers love each other.
• All the brothers love one another.
• Three brothers love one another.
Rule 10:
i. Description:
• Personal pronouns are arranged in a fixed order according to
usage:
• I, he, you [132] (When a negative action is being performed)
• You, he, I [231](When a positive or neutral action is being
performed)
• We, you ,they [123] when plural personal pronouns are used
either the negative or positive action is being performed.
ii. Examples:
a) You, he and I will visit Karachi.
b) I, he and you will visit Karachi.
c) He, you and I will visit Karachi.
d) You, I and he will visit Karachi.
a) He, you and I quarrelled with one another.
b) You, he and I quarrelled with one another.
c) I, he and you quarrelled with one another.
d) I, he and you quarrelled with each other.
iii. We, you and they will take part in politics.
Rule 11:
i. Description:
• Use possessive case of pronouns with GERUNDS.
ii. Examples:
a) I like you studying books.
b) I like your studying books.
c) I like yours to studying books.
d) I like your’s studying books.
a) I hate him smoking cigarettes.
b) I hate his smoking cigarettes.
c) I hate he smoking cigarettes.
d) I hate with him smoking cigarettes.
Rule 12:
i. Description:
• ‘MY, our, your, his, her, their, its, ’ are adjectives. ‘Mine,
Ours, Yours, His, Hers, Theirs, Its’ are pronouns.
ii. Examples:
a) This book is better than mine book.
b) This book is better than my book.
c) This book is better than I book.
d) Mine book is better than this book.
Rule 13:
i. Description:
• Entities of same kind can be compared only, not vice
versa.
ii. Examples:
a) Climate of Multan is hotter than Lahore.
b) Climate of Multan is hotter than Lahore’s.
c) Climate of Multan is hotter than that Lahore.
d) Climate of Multan is hotter than that of Lahore.
Rule 14:
i. Description:
• ‘Who’ is used when SUBJECT is missing.
• ‘Whom’ is used when OBJECT is missing.
ii. Examples:
a) Who do you want to see?
b) Whom do you want to see?
c) Whose do you want to see?
d) Whom do you want to see.
Rule 15:
i. Description:
• Use Reflexive Pronoun after
‘avail oneself of, absent oneself from, acquit oneself of, resign oneself to,
avenge oneself on, enjoy oneself, apply oneself to, Pride, Adopt,
Exert
ii. Examples:
i)
a) He availed the opportunity.
b) He availed himself the opportunity.
c) He availed himself of the opportunity.
d) He availed himself to the opportunity.
ii)
a) I enjoyed on the Mall Road.
b) I enjoyed myself on the Mall Road.
iii)
a) I enjoyed in the match.
b) I enjoyed myself in the match.
Rule 16:
i. Description:
• Don’t use Reflexive Pronoun after
‘hide, enlist, bathe, keep, break, open, spread, turn, rest, draw,
feed’
ii. Examples:
✓ He kept away from bad boys.
✓ Ali takes a bath daily.
MCAT Past
Practice
Paper
Questions
Questions
Ex 1. Correct the following sentences
• I want a teacher for my son who is retired.
Iwant a teacher who is retired for my son.
• He is only one of the brothers who have married.
He is only one of the brothers who has married.
• Both the sisters are playing with one another.
Both the sisters are playing with each other.
• Neither of these two have done their duty.
Neither of these two has done his duty.
• The boys who work hard they will win.
The boys who work hard will win.
• I met a man in Lahore who was very wise.
I met a man who was very wise in Lahore .
B. Exercise 2
Correct the following:
1. It was him who did it.
2. 2. Who did you see at the fair?
3. 3. This is a secret between you and I.
4. 4. You are as good a player as him.
5. 5. You should avail of this opportunity to go abroad.
6. 6. Everyone collected one's pay on the first.
7. 7. All the officers should respect each other.
8. 8. The Principal found each master and each boy in their rooms.
9. 9. None of them were here.
10. 10. Any of these two girls will be sent for training.
11. One should respect his elders.
12. Let you and I handle this job together.
13. Such persons who are diligent , achieve success in life.
14. We must enjoying with these facilities.
15. This is the same boy who we want to see.
16. Each of us have a text book.
17. Between you and I, it is a good deal.
18. Everyone is sad when they see little children exploited.
19. Will you accept either of these five proposals.
20. I am your's respectfully.
Exercise 2
Correction:
1. It was (him) he who did it. [subjective case after BE verbs]
2. Whom(who) did you see at the fair? [object is missing]
3. This is a secret between you and me (I). [objective case after b/t]
4. You are as good a player as he (him). [subjective case after as]
5. You should avail yourself of this opportunity to go abroad. [reflexive V]
6. Everyone collected his [one's] pay on the first. [Pronoun w.r.t antecedent]
7. All the officers should respect one an other [each other].
8. The Principal found each master and each boy in his [their] room.
9. None of them was [were] here.
10. Either [Any] of these two girls will be sent for training.
11. One should respect one’s [his] elders. [one……one’s]
12. Let you and me [I] handle this job together. [ let + objective case]
13. Such persons as [who] are diligent , achieve success in Life.
14. We must be enjoying ourselves with these facilities.
15. This is the same boy whom [who] we want to see.
16. Each of us has [have] a text book. [each….has]
17. Between you and me [I], it is a good deal.
18. Everyone is sad when [they] he sees little children exploited.
19. Will you accept [either] any of these five proposals?
20. I am [your's] yours respectfully. [possessive pronoun not p.adjective]
1. MCQ:
Either the classrooms or the auditorium must have
____ floor refinished.
A. Their
B. Its
2. MCQ: Every coat on this rack has outlived ____
usefulness.
A. Its
B. Their
3. MCQ: Tate George scored in the final two
seconds, and the crowd roared ________ approval.
A. Their
B. Its
4. MCQ:
When the committee submitted _____ four versions of the
document, it was clear to us that the committee members
had acted as individuals, not as a group.
A. Its
B. Their
5. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
I, you and they are fighting for a more worthy cause.
A B C D
6. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
You, he and I are enemies from this day onward.
A B C D
7. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
This is the movie whom I was talking about.
A B C D
8. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
It is really very kind of yours to help me.
A B C D
9. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
The penguin chicks can’t go into the water to get
A B C
themselves own food.
D
10. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
Balloons rise into the air because they contain a gas
A B
who is lighter than air.
C D
11. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
Narwhal is the only animal in the world that has tusk
A B
on only one side of it’s body.
C D
12. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
Silver is mixed with another metal to make
A B C
themselves harder.
D
13. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
Most slugs and snails use a lung which opens through
A B
hole in the side of its bodies.
C D
14. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
It’s paw injured and the lioness limped down.
A B C D
15. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
There is really no reason of you becoming so annoyed.
A B C D
16. Of these four underlined parts of the sentences
,spot the part/segment that has an error.
Who shall I blame for this loss?
A B C D
Introduction Pronoun Mistakes
to Parts of and Types Related to
Speech of Pronoun Pronouns
MCAT Past
Practice
Paper
Questions
Questions
17. MCQ: Of these four underlined parts of the
sentences ,spot the part/segment that has an error.
The child was fully dressed and sitting in hers father’s
A B C
lap near the kitchen table.
D
2014
18. MCQ: Of these four possible answers, only one
is correct. Choose the correct one.
A. It would not be safe for either you or me to travel
in Vietnam.
B. It would not be safe for either I or you to travel in
Vietnam.
C. It would not be safe for either of you or I to travel
in Vietnam.
D. It would not be safe for either of I or you to travel
in Vietnam.
2005
19. MCQ: Of these four possible answers, only one
is correct. Choose the correct one.
A. The government introduced tax laws which gave
incentives to factory workers to reduce pollution.
B. The government introduced tax laws who gave
incentives to factory workers to reduce pollution.
C. The government introduced tax laws that gives
incentives to factory workers to reduce pollution.
D. The government introduced tax laws whom give
incentives to factory workers to reduce pollution.
2014
Thank You
&
Good Luck
