METHODOLOGY

This part presents the research design, participants, sampling technique, instruments,

data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

This study uses descriptive-comparative design to obtain information and compare the

results. This study is a descriptive research since its main goal is to determine effects of

cyberbullying on the academic performance of the selected students at Pangil National High

School. It is also comparative because it systematically compares the results or findings based

on the demographic profile or it systematically ascertains the significant difference based on

the demographic profile. The design is intended to determine the effects of cyberbullying on

the academic performance of selected students to provide recommendations addressing the

mentioned concern. And according to Devi (2022), descriptive comparative is used to

determine and compare outcomes in two or more groups that survive in the environment in a

circumstance. To explore variations between or among groups, descriptive and analytical

techniques might be used.

Locale of the Study

The study’s locale will be at Pangil National High School where the researchers are

currently studying. Below is the map of the said school.

Instruments of the Study

The researchers will use survey questionnaire in gathering data on effects of

cyberbullying on the academic performance of selected students at Pangil National High

School. According to McLeod (2018), a questionnaire is a research tool that consists of a

series of questions designed to collect data from respondents. Questionnaires are similar to

written interviews in that they collect information. They can be done in person, over the

phone, on the Internet, or by mail. Questionnaires are a low-cost, rapid, and effective

approach to collect significant amounts of data from a big number of people. To collect data,

a questionnaire frequently employs both open and closed questions. This is advantageous

since it allows for the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data.

In this study, survey questionnaires will be distributed either by Google Forms or

Paper Surveys. According to Demarest (2021), Google Forms is a free online tool for creating
surveys, quizzes, and other forms. It is part of Google's suite of web-based products, which

also includes Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides. It is a flexible tool that can be

used for a variety of tasks, such as gathering 'Repondez, s'il vous plaît' (RSVPs) for an event

or producing a pop quiz. Furthermore, according to DeFranzo (2012), participants without

access to a phone, online services, or mobile devices, as well as those who refuse to reply to

other types of surveys, can benefit from paper surveys. Direct mail or in-person distribution

are both simple ways to deliver paper surveys.

Validation of the Instruments

The researchers adapt a research instrument or survey questionnaire from the studies

“_____________”, “______________” with a Cronbach alpha of _____.

Participants of the Study

The study is comprised of 276 bonafide of Pangil National High School.

Grade Level Total Number of Students

7 69

8 86

9 62

10 59

Total 267
Sampling Technique

The researchers will use total enumeration technique or the total population sampling

in this research since the locale of the study has small population with eight (8) sections only

composing of sixty-nine (69) grade 7 students, eighty-six (86) grade 8 students, sixty-two

(62) grade 9 students and fifty-nine (59) students.

Data Gathering Procedures

The data will be gathered either through Google Forms or Paper Surveys. For the

participants who have access to internet, the survey questionnaire will be shared through

Google Forms, the former will be created on the latter and its link will be shared through

Facebook Group, messenger (group chats), or emails. And for those participants who have no

access to internet connection, data can be gathered through traditional paper surveys through

in person sessions.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Descriptive statistics such as frequency, median, and percentage will be used to

analyze and summarize the obtained data.

Frequency and percentage will be used to determine the demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of age, gender, and grade level.

The highest median will be the basis for recognizing the dominant barriers of modular

distance learning.

Inferential statistics such as Mann-Whitney U Test or Kruskal-Wallis H Test will be

used also. These are defined as:

Mann-Whitney U Test
 The test statistic for the Mann Whitney U Test is denoted U and is the smaller of

U1 and U2, defined below.

n1 (n 1+1)
U 1=n1 n 2+ −R1
2

n2 (n 2+1)
U 1=n1 n 2+ −R2
2

where R1 = sum of the ranks for group 1 and R2 = sum of the ranks for group 2.

Kruskal-Wallis H Test

The test statistic is given by:

[ ]
c 2
12 Tj
H= ∑
n(n−1) j=1 n j
−3 ( n+1 )

Where:

n = sum of sample sizes for all samples,

c = number of samples,

Tj = sum of ranks in the jth sample,

nj = size of the jth sample.

Either Mann-Whitney U Test or Kruskal-Wallis H Test will be used to ascertain

significant difference of the effects of cyberbullying on the academic performance of the

respondents when grouped according to age.

Mann-Whitney U Test will be used to ascertain significant difference on the effects of

cyberbullying on the academic performance of the respondents when grouped according to

gender.
 Kruskal-Wallis H Test will be used to ascertain significant difference on the effects of

cyberbullying on the academic performance of the respondents when grouped according to

grade level.