?

kjsyw fgalk ls efgykvksa dk

laj{k.k lkekftd ,oa fof/kd v/;;u %
^^iUuk ftys ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ
esa**

fof/k ladk; ds vUrxZr fof/k fo”k;

esa ih-,p-Mh ‘ kks/k dk;Z dh vuafre :ijs[kk

i;Zos{kd ‘kks/kkFkhZ

MkW0 jke flag iVSy fnyhi ikBd

lgk;d izk/;kid ukeka- Ø- 22U009P0003
ia- eksrhyky usg: fof/k egkfo|ky; lkxj jksy ua & 22400173
jksM Nrjiqj e-iz- ia- eksrhyky usg: fof/k egkfo|ky; lkxj
jksM Nrjiqj e-iz-

‘kks/k dsUnz
1
ia- eksrhyky usg: fof/k egkfo|ky;] lkxj jksM Nrjiqj
¼e0iz0½

?kjsyw fgalk ls efgykvksa

dk laj{k.k lkekftd ,oa
fof/kd v/;;u
^^iUuk ftys ds fo'ks"k
lanHkZ esa**

2
 fo”k; oLrq

1- izLrkfor “kks/k dk “kh’kZd

2- izLrkouk

3- lkfgR; leh{kk

4- m|s”; o ifjdYiuk

5- v/;;u i)fr

6- visf{kr ifj.kke

3
 7- v/;;u dh :ijs[kk

8- lanHkZ lwph

9- “kks/kkFkhZ ds izdk”kuksa dh lwph

izLrkouk%

jkstejkZ dh Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djrs gq,A efgyk lekt dh

vk/kkjf'kyk gS] efgyk lân; csfV;ka]laosnu'khy ekrk,a o lcy lqn~<
lg;ksxh rFkk fur ubZ Hkwfedkvksa dks cM+h ljyrk o {kerk ls
fuoZgu dj jgh gSaA ysfdu vkt Hkh lekt ds dbZ fgLlksa esa mudh
Hkwfedk dks utjvankt fd;k tk jgk gS blh otg ls efgykvksa dks o`gn
Lrj ij mRihM+u]fyaxh; foHksn ?kjsyw fgalk o vU; lkekftd
cqjkb;ksa dk [kkfe;ktk Hkqxruk iM+rk gSA ;gh otg mudks mUufr
ds f'k[kj ij ys tkus esa ck/kd cuh gqbZ gSA

o;Ld vkSj fd'kksj efgykvksa ds f[kykQ fjiksVZ dh xbZ ?

kjsyw fgalk dh O;kidrk] fo'ks"krkvksa vkSj dkj.kksa dks fu/kkZfjr
djus ds fy,A ?kjsyw fgalk ds lkekftd&tulkaf[;dh; laca/kksa dk

4
fu/kkZj.k djuk] ;fn dksbZ gksA fgalk dh dkjZokbZ ls fuiVus vkSj
fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus ds fy, efgykvksa dh /kkj.kkvksa dk irk yxkukA

?kjsyw nqoZ~;ogkj ds ifj.kkeLo:i gksus okys uqdlku dk 'kkjhfjd]

ekufld vkSj ;kSu LokLF; ij vkthou çHkko iM+ ldrk gSA nq#i;ksx
ftruk xaHkhj gksxk] çHkko mruk gh vf/kd gksxkA lcls cqjs
ekeyksa esa] ?kjsyw nqoZ~;ogkj dk ifj.kke ?kjsyw nqoZ~;ogkj ds
ifj.kkeLo:i vkRegR;k lfgr ekuo o/k gks ldrk gSA ;g tkuuk fd ?kjsyw
'kks"k.k ls yksx dSls çHkkfor gksrs gSa\18 ls 24 vkSj 25 ls 34 o"kZ
dh efgyk,a vke rkSj ij varjax lkFkh fgalk dh mPpre nj dk vuqHko
djrh gSaA ?kjsyw fgalk ls lcls T;knk çHkkfor gSA

;g igpkuus vkSj fu/kkZfjr djus ds fy, fd ?kjsyw fgalk dk çR;sd

dk;Z dkuwu }kjk xSjdkuwuh vkSj naMuh; gSA ,sls ekeyksa esa ?
kjsyw fgalk ds ihfM+rksa dks lqj{kk çnku djus ds fy,A ihfM+r O;fä
dks le; ij] ykxr çHkkoh vkSj lqfo/kktud rjhds ls U;k; fnykus ds fy,A

;g v/;;u Hkkjr dh lkekftd lkaL—frd ;FkkFkZrk fd o ?kjsyw

fgalk vf/kfu;e 2005 ls efgykvksa ds laj{k.k dh i;kZIrrk dk rqyukRed
fo'ys"k.k gSA lkFk gh ;g v/;;u ?kjsyw fgalk dks lgu djus okyh
efgykvksa dh fLFkfr ij çeq[k dkuwuksa ds çHkko dk ewY;kadu
djkrk gSA bl v/;;u ds ek/;e ls ,d i`Fkd dk;Z ;g Hkh fd;k x;k gS fd
Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd lanHkZ esa fofHkUu çdkj ds dkuwuksa vkSj
uhfr;ksa rFkk muds ykHk vkSj uqdlku dk irk yxkukA mä lhek vkSj
lS)kafrd <kaps dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ;g 'kks/k v/;u Hkkjr esa ?kjsyw
fgalk dh ,sfrgkfld] nk'kZfud] ço`fÙk;ksa ?kjsyw fgalk dh leL;k dk
eqdkcyk djus dh ekStwnk dkuwuh mik;ksa o u, dkuwuksa ds vkxeu
ds lkFk cnyh fLFkfr dh leh{kk djus dk ç;kl djrk gSA ?kjsyw fgalk
5
vf/kfu;e vkSj mldh çorZuh;rk fdl lhek rd vius mís'; dks iwjk djus
esa lQy gqbZ gSA D;ksafd 'kks/kkFkhZ ds –f"Vdks.k ls ;g nkf.Md
O;oLFkk ls brj flfoy mipkj çnku djus okyk dkuwu gSA tks ifjokj
esa jgus okyh efgyk dks laj{k.k çnku djus gsrq cuk;k x;k FkkA rkfd
og ewyHkwr vko';drk ds lkFk&lkFk laj{k.k #ih dop dks /kkj.k dj
ldsA ;g vf/kfu;e mUgha vf/kdkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk djrk gS tks igys ls
gh lafo/kku }kjk çR;kHkwr gSaA vf/kfu;e tYnckth esa cukbZ xbZ
fof/k gS tks eq[; leL;k dk lek/kku djus esa vlQy gSA D;ksafd ;g ç—
fr esa flfoy gS ysfdu bl vf/kfu;e ds lanHkZ esa fn, x, vkns'kksa dk
mYya?ku nkf.Md gSA D;ksafd flfoy fof/k gksus ls bldk fu"iknu
vkSj bldh dk;Zç.kkyh tfVy rFkk foyacdkjh gks tkrh gSA vkSj
rduhdh dkj.kksa ls vkns'kksa dks foQy cukrh gS ;fn bldks nkafMd
ntkZ fn;k tkrk ;k nkafMd fof/k esa bl laca/k esa çko/kku fd, tkrs
gSaA rks oks Rofjr vkSj çHkkoh ifj.kke çLrqr djrs A bl fof/k esa
U;k;ky; dks çfØ;k ds lanHkZ esa foosdh; 'kfä nh xbZ gS ftlds ek/;e
ls og fdlh Hkh O;fä ls mldh O;fäxr Lora=rk dks Nhu ldrk gS tks
vuqfpr çrhr gksrh gSA D;ksafd fdlh O;fä dh O;fäxr Lora=rk foosd
dk fo"k; ugha gS

lkfgR; leh{kk%
6
 1- ys[kd dk uke% & tks’kh vuhrk
(Research Scholar, Jainarayan Vyas Vishwavidhyalaya, Jodhpur)
KAAV INTERNATIONAL JAURNAL OF ARTS, HUMANTIES & SOCIAL
SCIENCES
A REFEREED BLIND PEER REVIEW QUARTERLY JOURNAL
ISSN: 2348/4349, www.kaavpublication.org.
Received October 18th, 2018, Accepted 19th 2018

Hkkjr esa ?kjsyw fgalk dh leL;k fo'ys"k.kkRed v/;;u

ukjh eka gS] l`f"V djrk gS] eerk] R;kx vkSj cfynku dk thoar
mnkgj.k gS lekt esa laL—fr dh iksf"kdk vkSj okfgdk gS &;g ,d ,slk
fpjaru lR; gS ftls dksbZ udkj ugha ldrk A fQj Hkh blh ukjh ds çfr
Hkkjrh; lekt esa mRihM+u] 'kks"k.k vkSj fgalk dk fujarj c<+rk
xzkQ vc o`f)okfn;ksa lekt'kkfL=;ksa vkSj euksoSKkfudksa ds fy,
vR;ar fpark dk fo"k; cu x;k gSA ukjh ftl çrkM+uk] ;kruk rFkk larki
ds nkSj ls xqtj jgh gS og gekjh ekufld dq:irk vkSj folaxfr;ksa dk
çrhd gSA çk;% ukjh dh 'kkjhfjd nqcZyrk dks L=h 'kks"k.k dk eq[;
dkj.k ekuk tkrk gSA ifr ds gkFkksa ekj [kkus dh nqHkkZX;iw.kZ ?
kVuk,a flQZ gekjs ns'k esa gh ugha gksrh cfYd nqfu;k Hkj esa ;g
vijk/k gksrk gSA¼1½ efgykvksa ds çfr dbZ rjg ds vijk/k gksrs
gSa ;kSu 'kks"k.k]cykRdkj] dU;k H:.k gR;k] nsonklh ],flM vVSd ?
kjsyw fgalk bR;kfnAbu lc e esa lcls T;knk ?kjsyw fgalk gS tks fd
çR;sd ukjh vius ?kj esa ifr o llqjky okyksa }kjk fd;k x;k vR;kpkj lgu
djrh gS

mä 'kks/ki= esa 'kks/kkFkhZ }kjk fd;k x;k 'kks/k v/;;u pkj nhokjh ds
vanj gksus okyh fgalk ds lkFk&lkFk lekt dh ladh.kZ ekufldrk]
iq#"kksa dh lksp] llqjky okyksa dk iq= o ngst dk ykyp] efgykvksa

7
dk vf'kf{kr gksuk vkfn dkj.kksa ds lkFk muds fuokj.k gsrq efgyk
f'k{kk o ;qok ih<+h dh tkx:drk] lkekftd lksp esa cnyko bR;kfn fd
vksj çdk'k Mkyrk gSA og ?kjsyw fgalk ls efgyk ds laj{k.k vf/kfu;e
2005 ds fu"iknu o çHkkoh fØ;kUo;u gsrq eSdsfuTe fodflr djus dh
fn'kk esa dk;Z djus dh ckr dgrk gS Aijarq bl 'kks/ki= esa ?kjsyw
fgalk ds ewy dkj.k o ihfM+r efgykvksa ds mipkj vkSj muds lekt esa
iqu% LFkkfir fd, tkus ds vykok mudh ldkjkRed lksp fodflr djus dh
fn'kk esa dksbZ Bksl ç;kl o funku dh ckr ugha djrk gSAtks esjs
'kks/k v/;;u dk eq[; fcanq gksxk gksxkA

2-ys[kd dk uke% & lqfe=k

[Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, C.R. College of
Law, Rohtak (H.R.)]
ISSN : 2320 – 2882
(Volume 6, Issue 1st Jan 2018)

Hkkjr esa efgykvksa ds fo#) fgalk ,oa vijk/k

efgykvksa ds fo#) fgalk vkSj vijk/k vkt vke ckr gks pqdh gSA
efgykvksa ds lkFk gksus okys cykRdkj] ngst mRihM+u]
NsM+NkM+] vigj.k] nsg O;kikj] H:.k gR;k vkfn leL;k,a ;g n'kkZrh
gS fd Hkkjr esa efgyk,a uk rks ?kj esa lqjf{kr gS uk gh ?kj ds ckgjA
okLro esa efgykvksa ds fo#) fgalk o vijk/k dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha
gSA lekt'kkL=h; –f"Vdks.k ls ns[kk tk, rks ;g ckr Li"V gksrh gS fd
çkphu dky ls gh lkekftd ijaijkvksa ds uke ij efgykvksa ds lkFk
vU;k; gksrk vk;k gSA vkt Hkh ,slh xyr ijaijk,a o fjokt gekjs lH; lekt

8
esa ekStwn gSa tks efgykvksa ds mRihM+u esa lgk;d gSA
efgykvksa ds fo#) gksus okys vijk/kksa esa ns[kus dks vk;k gS fd
muds ;kSu mRihM+u o fgalk esa mudh utnhdh yksxksa dh vf/kd
Hkwfedk jgrh gSA çLrqr 'kks/k i= esa efgykvksa ds fo#) gksus
okyh fgalk o vijk/k dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA
fdarq mi;qZä 'kks/k i= esa ?kjsyw fgalk ds ewyHkwr dkj.kksa vkSj
mlds funku ds laca/k esa dksbZ çdk'k ugha Mkyk x;k gS ukfg
efgykvksa dks ,sls vijk/kksa ds çfr tkx:d cukus dh lekt dh lksp esa
cnyko ykus dk vkSj ihfM+r efgykvksa dks lekt esa çfrLFkkfir dj
mudh ldkjkRed lksp dks fodflr djus dk ç;kl utj ugha vkrk tks esjs
'kks/k v/;;u dk eq[; fcanq gksxkA

3- ys[kd dk uke% & xqIrk jatuk] Ph.D.

Associate Professor- Home Science, K.R. Girls P.G. College, Mathura

An International Peer Reviewed & Referred
(Scholarly Research General For Humanity Science & English
Language)
SJIF 2015 : 3.801
ISSN : 2348-3083
(Dec – Jan 2017, Vol. 4/19)

efgykvksa ds çfr ?kjsyw fgalk rFkk mRihM+u ,d v/;;u

efgykvksa dh çdj.kksa esa ekrk&firk ds fopkjksa esa Hkh ifjorZu

dh l[r t:jr gSA bruk gh ugha mUgsa vius nfd;kuwlh fopkjksa dks
R;kxuk gksxkA efgykvksa dks Hkh ifr ijes'oj dh
va/kfo'okl ;qok :f<+oknh ekufldrk R;kx dj muds vius Åij <k, tk jgs

9
tqYeksa v‚fCyd vR;kpkjksa ds vkxs dnkfi ugha >qduk pkfg, og
D;ksa ugha le>rh gSa fd muesa Hkh viuh ,oa vius cPpksa dh
ns[kjs[k ijofj'k dh {kerk gS mudh le> esa D;ksa ugha vkrk fd
mUgsa nh tk jgh ;k=kvksa ls muds cPpksa dks Hkh vk?kkr igqaprk
gS\ efgykvksa dks vius vf/kdkjksa ij –<+ jgus vkSj vius fy, ubZ
Hkwfedk Lohdkj djuk lh[kuk pkfg, lkFk gh mUgsa vc vius O;fäxr
thou dh vksj ,d vk'kkoknh –f"Vdks.k viukuk pkfg, ljdkj us
efgykvksa ds lkFk gks jgh ?kjsyw fgalk dks jksdus ds fy, jk"Vªh;
Lrj ij ?kjsyw fgalk dkuwu 2006 fØ;kfUor dj j[kk gSA ;fn çrkfM+r
efgyk,a bl dkuwu dk mi;ksx djsa rks dkQh gn rd bl leL;k ls futkr
fey ldrh gS ysfdu mUgsa blds fy, lkgl djuk gksxk
bl 'kks/ki= esa dsoy lkekftd vkSj efgykvksa dh lksp ds laca/k esa
fopkj çLrqr fd, x, gSa mudks dkuwuh igyqvksa dh tkudkjh vkSj
vf/kfu;e ds fØ;kUo;u vkSj muds i{k esa etcwr –f"Vdks.k lkekftd
O;oLFkk ds ifjorZu gsrq dksbZ fopkj çLrqr ugha fd, x, gSa ftl
lanHkZ esa 'kks/k dk;Z fd;k tkuk vko';d gS tks gekjs 'kks/k dk fo"k;
gSA

4-ys[kd dk uke% & Jherh eatw frokjh

Research Scholar Law Institute Jivaji University, Gwalior (M.P.)
An International Multidisciplinary Research e-Journal
ISSN 2350-109X
(Volume No. 2 Issue 3rd March 2016)

efgyk l'kfädj.k miyfC/k;ka vkSj pqukSfr;ka

10
Hkkjrh; lekt esa efgyk l'kfädj.k dh jk; esa vusd ck/kk,a fo|eku gSA

Hkkjr esa efgyk vkSj iq#"k nksuksa dks leku lafo/kkfud vf/kdkj

çkIr gS blds ckn Hkh gekjs lekt esa lw=h; iq#"k lekurk,a –f"Vxkspj

gksrh gSaA fcuk osru ds dk;Z djus ds ckotwn lekt esa lEeku ugha

fey ldk gSA laifÙk esa vf/kdkj c<+rh gqbZ fgalk lw=h; fojks/k

ekufldrk dk;ZLFky ij 'kks"k.k H:.k gR;k lkekftd lqj{kk cykRdkj dh

leL;kvksa us lqjf{kr okrkoj.k fufeZr djus dh vfuok;Zrk dks eglwl

fd;k gS A ml ç/kku lekt esa ?kjsyw dk;ksaZ dks ?kj ds dke dk tks

dks fuEu dksfV dk le>k tkrk gS vr% Hkkjrh; lekt esa efgykvksa dh

Hkwfedk dks loZekU; cukus dh vko';drk cuh gqbZ gSA f'k{kk ,oa

dkuwuksa ds fØ;kUo;u l'kfädj.k esa egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs

gSaA çLrqr 'kks/k i= esa miyfC/k;ka ,oa pqukSfr;ksa ij fopkj fd;k

x;k gS ysfdu muds lq/kkj ds laca/k esa dksbZ fopkj çLrqr ugha gS

ftl ds laca/k esa dk;Z fd, tkus dh vko';drk gS tks esjs 'kks/k dk;Z dk

fo"k; {ks= gSA

11
 5- ys[kd dk uke%& lqfe=k
[Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, C.R. College of
Law,
Rohtak (H.R.)]
International General of Research
e-ISSN : 2348 – 6848
p- ISSN : 2348 – 795X
(Volume 03 Issue 20 Dec. 2016)

Hkkjr esa ?kjsyw fgalk vf/kfu;e

pwafd ?kjsyw fgalk vf/kfu;e 2005 ds ykxw gksus ls efgykvksa ds

fo#) gksus okyh ?kjsyw fgalk ij dqN vadq'k vo'; yxk gS]fQj Hkh ?
kjsyw fgalk 'kCn dks iw.kZ :i ls ifjHkkf"kr djus dh ekax ckj&ckj
mBrh jgh gSA lekt ds cqf)thoh oxZ dh ekax gS fd blds nq#i;ksx dks
jksdus ds fy, bls flfoy dkuwu dk :i fn;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk >wBh
f'kdk;r djus okyh efgyk ij Hkh dsl ntZ gksuk pkfg, rkfd bldh
fu"i{krk dk;e jg ldsA ijarq vkt vko';drk bl ckr dh gS dh efgykvksa
dks tkx:d fd;k tk, vkSj mUgsa vkfFkZd {ks= esa vkRefuHkZj
cukus ds ç;kl fd, tk,a rkfd og fdlh Hkh çdkj ds ifjokfjd mRihM+u
dk eqdkcyk djus esa l{ke gks ldsA
mi;qZä 'kks/ki= eSa ?kjsyw fgalk dh ifjHkk"kk rFkk dkuwuh dh ç
—fr ij cy fn;k x;k gS ysfdu ?kjsyw fgalk ds ewy dkj.k mlds fuokj.k
lkFkh efgykvksa ds çfr mipkj vkSj muds çfr lkekftd lksp ds lanHkZ
esa dksbZ çdk'k ugha Mkyk x;k gS tks esjs 'kks/k v/;;u dk eq[;
fcanq gksxk ftl ij vHkh mfpr dk;Z fd;k tkuk ckdh gSA

12
mn~ns’; o ifjdYiuk
mn~ns’;
ns'k esa efgyk tgka ,d rjQ lQyrk ds u, vk;ke x<+ jgh gS] ogha

nwljh rjQ og ?kj dh pkjnhokjh ds Hkhrj vU;k; dk f'kdkj gks tkrh

gSA 2005 ds igys efgykvksa dks ?kjsyw fgalk ds fo#) vkijkf/kd

ekeyk ntZ djus dk vf/kdkj FkkAftlds fy, dk;Zokgh Hkkjrh; naM

lafgrk dh /kkjk 498 , ds rgr dh tkrh Fkh Aftlesa vijk/kh dks nafMr

djus dk çko/kku gS tcfd ?kjsyw fgalk vf/kfu;e efgykvksa dks lEeku

iwoZd vf/kdkj çnku djrk gSA ;g xSj vkijkf/kd dkuwu gS tks flfoy

mipkj çnku djrk gSA blds rgr efgyk dks laj{k.k vkns'k çnku djus dk

vf/kdkj çnku fd;k x;k gS]tks ,d dop dh rjg dk;Z djrk gS AvkSj

efgykvksa dks Rofjr ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa dks miyC/k djkus es

lgk;d gS] tSls vkJ; ikus dk vf/kdkj gSAysfdu laj{k.k vkns'k dk

mYya?ku gksus ij naM çnku djus dk çko/kku djrs gSaA bl vf/kfu;e

dk fo'ys"k.kkRed v/;;u djus ds i'pkr ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd bl vf/kfu;e

dks ftl mís'; ds lkFk cuk;k x;k Fkk mls ikus esa vlQy gSAbl

13
vf/kfu;e dh ç—fr flfoy gksus ds ukrs blds vkns'kksa dks rduhdh

vk/kkj ij çHkkoghu fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftl mís'; dh çkfIr gsrq cuk;k

x;k Fkk mldks çkIr djus esa vlQy gSA bles ihfM+r dks çHkkoh

mipkj çnku ugha gksrkAçfØ;k tfVy rFkk foyacdkjh vkSj vçHkkoh

gSAHkkjrh; naM lafgrk esa fofo/k v/;k;hdj.k ds ek/;e ls vijkf/kd

nkf;Ro dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk gSAmlh fof/k esa lekfgr dj bldh

mi;ksfxrk dks c<+k;k tk ldrk Fkk ;k blds laca/k esa Hkj.k iks"k.k

¼n-ç-l-125 128½ tSls çko/kku dj Rofjr o çHkkoh dk;Zokgh dh

O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh Fkh le; lhek fu/kkZfjr dj Hkh mipkj çnku fd;k

tk ldrk FkkA blesa mUgha vf/kdkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gS tks

ewy :i ls lafo/kku rFkk vU; fof/k }kjk çR;kHkwr gSaA ;g dkuwu

U;k;ky; dks euekuh foosdh 'kfä çnku djrk gS tks dgha uk dgha

vkfVZdy 14, 19, 21 dk mYya?ku çrhr gksrk gSA D;ksafd dkuwu dh

Li"V Loh—fr ds fcuk] fdlh Hkh U;k;ky; ds ikl fdlh dh O;fäxr

Lora=rk ls oafpr djus dh 'kfä ugha gksuh pkfg,] vU;Fkk ;g " fof/k ds

'kklu" dh vo/kkj.kk ds f[kykQ gksxk A

jkT; ds ikl efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa ds fy, dksbZ fo'ks"k

çko/kku djus ds fy, vuqPNsn 13 (3) ds rgr yxk, x, çfrca/k dks ikj
djus dh 'kfä gS\ lafo/kku dk vuqPNsn 15¼3½] vkSj D;k bl çdkj dk
ykHkkFkhZ dkuwu iq#"kksa ds ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa ds fdlh çdkj ds
guu dh dher ij laoS/kkfud :i ls ekU; gksxk
14
v/;;u ds mís';

 iUuk ftys ds ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa ?kjsyw fgalk ds ckjs esa

v/;;u djukA

 ?kjsyw fgalk dks jksdus ds fy, Hkkjr esa ekStwnk dkuwuksa

dk fo'ys"k.k djukA

 efgykvksa ds fo#) gksus okyh ?kjsyw fgalk ds dkj.kksa dk irk

yxkukA

 efgykvksa ds fo#) gksus okyh ?kjsyw fgalk dk fuokj.k dk irk

yxkukA

 uhfr esa mi;qä ifjorZu ds fy, lq>ko nsukA

ifjdYiuk

loZ Jh xqM ,aM g‚VZ us fy[kk gS "fd ifjdYiuk fl)kar vkSj 'kks/k ds
chp dh ,d vko';d dM+h gksrh gS tks uohu rF;ksa ds laca/k esa vfrfjä
Kku dh [kkst djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA

15
Li"V ifjdYiuk vuqla/kku ds fy, ,d ,slk vko';d vk/kkj çLrqr djrh gS
ftldh lgk;rk ls uohu rF;ksa dks [kkstk tkrk gS A'kks/kkFkhZ ds
fopkj ls ifjdYiuk ds laca/k esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ifjdYiuk ,d 'kks/k
v/;;u dh fn'kk dks fu/kkZfjr djrh gSa vkSj 'kks/kdrkZ dks fn'kk
Hkze ls i`Fkd j[krh gSa AifjdYiuk v/;;u {ks= dks lhfer djus esa
lgk;d gksrh gSa rFkk v/;;u djrk dks HkVxkao ls cpkrh gSa ]ifjdYiuk
v/;;u leL;k ds laca/k esa çkIr çkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d rF;ksa ds ladyu
djkus esa ekxZn'kZu ds :i esa lgk;rk çnku djrh gSaA lR; rFkk
lkFkZd ikbZ xbZ
ifjdYiuk fl)karksa dk fuekZ.k djus rFkk lkekU;dj.k djus esa lg;ksx
çnku djrh gSaA
 ?kjsyw fgalk ls efgykvksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e Hkkjrh; lanHkZ
esa vo/kkj.kkRed :i ls =qfViw.kZ gS] ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i
efgykvksa ds f[kykQ ?kjsyw fgalk dh vR;f/kd ?kVuk,a gksrh
gSaA
 vf/kfu;e dh fØ;kUo;u dh i)fr dk ?kjsyw fgalk dh orZeku le>
dks Li"V djus esa vlQyrkA
 ?kjsyw fgalk fookfgr efgykvksa dh e`R;q nj esa o`f) dk dkj.k
gSA

16
v/;;u i)fr

'kks/k dk;Z ç—fr esa lS)kafrd vkSj fo'ys"k.kkRed nksuksa gSaA

lS)kafrd Hkkx ?kjsyw fgalk ds lek/kku ds fy, çLrkfor lS)kafrd
vk/kkjksa vkSj dkuwuh mipkjksa dh tkap djrk gSA ?kjsyw fgalk ls
efgykvksa ds laj{k.k vf/kfu;e ds fof/kd çko/kkuksa dk foLrkj ls
fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gS vkSj muesa leL;kvksa vkSj [kkfe;ksa dh igpku
dh xbZ gSA fo'ys"k.kkRed Hkkx ifjokj vk/kkfjr laL—fr }kjk
lapkfyr laj{k.k o ns[kjs[k ds fof'k"V mipkj dh vko';drk dh tkap djrk
gS tks bl fo"k; dks gy djus ds fy, ,d oSdfYid O;oLFkk ds :i esa dk;Z
djrk gSA uktqd ikfjokfjd ekeyksa dks laHkkyus esa vijkf/kd
'kkLrh;kavkSj oSdfYid fookn lek/kku ra=ksa dk lgkjk ysus ds
ifj.kkeksa dh xaHkhj tkap dh tkrh gSAxq.kkRed ;k ek=kRed
rjhdksa dk mi;ksx djds vuqHkotU; vuqla/kku vk;ksftr vkSj
fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
lqlaxr fo"k; lkexzh çkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d lzksrksa ls ,df=r dh tkrh
gS A?kjsyw fgalk dk lkeuk djus okyh efgykvksa ds lkFk ç'ukoyh
ds :i esa lk{kkRdkj djds vkSj ?kjsyw fgalk dks çHkkfor djus okys
dkjdksa ds fy, iUuk ftys dk {ks= losZ{k.k djds çkFkfed lzksr çkIr
fd, tk,axs A
f}rh;d lzksr iqLrdksa] ys[kksa] if=dkvksa jk"Vªh; o jkT; efgyk
vk;ksx iqfyl LVs'ku] ,lih v‚fQl o U;k;ky; ls vkadM+s çkIr fd,
tk,axsA fof/k;ksa vkSj U;kf;d fu.kZ;ksa ds vfrfjä fuEufyf[kr lzksr
gSa]lkekU; :i ls ?kjsyw fgalk ij fo}kuksa dh iqLrdsa vkSj fo'ks"k :i
ls bl lanHkZ esa 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa ds 'kks/k i= ] 'kS{kf.kd if=dk,a]

17
fjiksVZ] çklafxd osclkbV vkSj MsVkcsl lekpkj i=] ys[k ?kjsyw
fgalk ls lacaf/kr fu;ekokyh vkSj fn'kk funsZ'kA

visf{kr ifj.kke

 ;|fi Hkkjr esa 2005 esa efgykvksa dks ?kjsyw fgalk ls lqj{kk
nsus gsrq dkuwu cuk;k x;k gS] rFkkfi ;g dkuwu çHkko'kkyh
ugha gSA
 ?kjsyw fgalk vf/kfu;e] 2005 dh O;k[;k ds ckjs esa Lo;a
U;k;ky;ksa esa gh Li"Vrk dk vHkko gSA
 cqfu;knh <kaps ds fy, i;kZIr /ku dk vHkko gSA
 U;k;k/kh'kksa ds chp bl dkuwu dks ysdj dksbZ ltxrk ugha
gSA lekt vkSj lqj{kk nsus okys vf/kdkjh Hkh bl dkuwu ls
vutku ls gSaA
 Lo;a efgyk,a bl dkuwuh vf/kdkj ds ckjs esa ugha tkurhaA
 dsoy dkuwu cuk nsus ls lekt esa O;kIr bl dqçFkk dks ugha
jksdk tk ldrk gSA
 iUuk ftys dh efgykvksa ds chp ?kjsyw fgalk ds Lrj dk vuqeku
yxkukA

18
  iUuk ftys esa ?kjsyw fgalk ls fuiVus ds fy, fofHkUu
ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dk v/;;u djukA
 efgykvksa dks ?kjsyw fgalk ls cpkus vkSj laj{k.k ds fy,
miyC/k lalk/kuksa dk v/;;u djukA
 lekt esa ?kjsyw fgalk dh rLohj ds cnyrs vk;ke dk fo'ys"k.k
djuk

v/;;u dh :ijs[kk
v/;k;hdj.k

v/;k; & 1 çLrkouk

v/;k; & 2 ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe

v/;k; & 3 ?kjsyw fgalk dk lS)kafrd <kapk
v/;k; & 4 laoS/kkfud vkSj fo/kk;h laj{k.k
v/;k; & 5 Hkkjr esa ?kjsyw fgalk ls efgykvksa dk laj{k.k vf/k-
&2005 ds fo'ks"k ds lanHkZ esa
v/;k; & 6 U;kf;d –f"Vdks.k
v/;k; & 7 vkadM+ksa dk laxzg.k o fo'ys"k.k
v/;k; & 8 fu"d"kZ o lq>ko

19
v/;k; & 9 lanHkZ xzaFk lwph

lanHkZ lwph

1 naM çfØ;k lafgrk 1973] bykgkckn y‚ ,tsalh ifCyds'ku] 23 okW

laLdj.k 2012
2 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk 1860] lsaVªy y‚ ,tsalh] 23 okW laLdj.k 2012
3 Hkkjr dk lafo/kku 1950 dkuwu ifCyds'ku tks/kiqj 2019 i`"B la[;k
6]7
4- MkW- flag fu'kkar "efgyk fof/k" jk/kk ifCyds'ku ubZ fnYyh
2008 i`"B la[;k 166
20
5- ?kjsyw fgalk ls efgykvksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 2005 dkuwu
ifCyds'ku tks/kiqj /kkjk 3 i`"B Øekad 3]4
6- Hkkjr dk lafo/kku 1950 dkuwu ifCyds'ku tks/kiqj 2019 i`"B la[;k
6]7
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/women_in_India
8. http://en:wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_violence
9. http://wcd.nic.in/empwomen.htm
10. ih-ds-nkl }kjk ?kjsyw fgalk vf/kfu;e vkSj fu;eksa ls efgykvksa
ds laj{k.k ij ;wfuolZy gSaMcqd
vkgwtk vkj] 1987] ^^efgykvksa ds fo#) vijk/k** jkor çdk'kuA

‘kks/kkFkhZ ds izdk’kuksa dh lwph

 ikBd fnyhi] iVsy flag jke ¼2023½ ^^, LVMh vkWu
Økbe ,aM MksesfLVd ok;ysal b'kq bu bafM;k** baVjus'kuy
tujy vkQ vkWy fjlpZ ,tqds'ku ,aM lkbafVfQd esFkM]
ISSN:2455 &6211 okY;qe 11 ist uacj 1073&1078
 ikBd fnyhi] iVsy flag jke ¼2023½ ^^Hkkjr esa ?kjsyw fgalk&
,d v/;;u**] uohu “kks/k lalkj ¼,u baVjus”kuy jsQMZ] ih
fjO;w fjlpZ tujy½s ISSN:2320 &8767 tuojh ls ekpZ 2023 okY;qe
1 ist uacj 422&426

21