Media and Information Literacy – Grade 12

Quarter 2 – Module 9: Text Information and Media

First Edition, 2020

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer : Rizza Joy Magno
Editor :
Reviewers : Merely Fos
Illustrator : Rizza Joy Magno
Layout Artist : Rizza Joy Magno
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
 Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig
City.

Media and
Information Literacy

Text Information
and Media
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy – Grade 12 Self-Learning Module

on Text Information and Media.
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy Self-Learning Module on Text

Information and Media.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that you
will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at

hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and skills
that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of

the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire
module.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

A. describe the different dimensions of Text Information and media;

B. comprehends how text information and media is/are formally and informally
produced, organized, and disseminated;
C. evaluates the reliability and validity of text information and media and its/ their
sources using selection criteria;
D. produce and evaluates a creative text-based presentation using design principle and
elements.

Direction: Read and understand each statement. Choose the best answer and encircle
the letter of your choice.

1. It is one of the most common file formats which is said to be a native format for
storing documents created by MS Word package and contains a rich set of
formatting capabilities.
A. doc B. txt C. pdf D. rtf
2. It refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text-based content. When
trying to make a point or highlighting a message, you can make the text bold,
italicized, have a heavier weight, darkened or lightened. What text elements you
should use?
A. Appropriateness B. Emphasis C. Proximity D. Consistency
3. Text elements can be categorize into the following, EXCEPT:
A. letters C. special characters
B. numbers D. images
4. Which text elements refers to how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific
audience, purpose or event?
A. Appropriateness C. Proximity
B. Emphasis D. Consistency
5. It is composed of characters that are used to create words, sentences and
paragraphs.
A. audio B. image C. sound D. text
Direction: Classify the following by writing PIM for People In Media And PAM for People
As Media on the space provided before each number.

_____PAM____1. Youtube Vloggers

_____PIM____2. Broadcasters
_____PIM____3. Mike Enriquez of 24 Oras
_____PAM____4. Dash Cam of Cars

____PAM_____5. Mimiyuuuh and Miss Everything

WHAT IS A TEXT? GO ONLINE!
 a simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether
hand- SAKSI: Planong ibalik ang
katutubong sulat na Baybayin,
written, printed or displayed on-screen. (Source: MIL
umani ng magkakaibang reaksiyon
TG by CHED) YouTube Channel: GMA News
 any “human-readable sequence of characters’’ that Uploaded April 25, 2018 from can form
intelligible words. (Rouse, 2015) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= UGz9BnJpyWE

Text is very powerful as well in disseminating information, providing direction and

giving suggestions. How is text used in the following media? How will you understand the texts
in each platform with their style and legibility?

Image Source: Image Source: Image Source: https://www.lazada.com.ph

https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/04/01/n Image Source: NOEL
https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/qc-
CELIS/AFP/Getty Images

ews/headlines/govt-rolls-out-p200-b special-concern-lockdown/ assistance/708478/

 Text is the most common medium where information is presented. It is also used to
communicate a concept or an idea. Text is available in different sources whether it is formal
(news articles, published books, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, research works,
etc.) or informal (blogs, personal e-mails, SMS or text messages, online messengers, social
media platforms, etc).
 Formal text – based materials are created and distributed by established
institutions (such as publishing companies, news agencies, etc.) and go through a
rigorous process of editing or evaluation and are usually governed by censorship of
the state.
 Informal text – based materials, on the other hand, come from personal opinions
or views on different issues, processes, etc.

TYPES OF TEXT AND COMMON FILE FORMATS

TYPES OF TEXT DESCRIPTION

Plaintext or fixed sized characters having essentially the same type of

Unformatted Text appearance.
Formatted Text appearance can be changed using font parameters (bold,
underline, italic, font size, font color, etc.)
Hypertext serve to link different electronic documents and enable
users to jump from one to other in a nonlinear way.
Table 1.Types of Texts (Parekh, 2006)
Source: p.144, Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan, Diwa Learning Systems Inc.

EXAMPLES:

PLAINTEXT or FORMATTED TEXT HYPERTEXT

UNFORMATTED TEXT

Hypertext is the word or the

text that has been anchored
with a reference that takes one
to an additional source of
An example of plain text or An example of formatted text is information instantly by just
unformatted text is the text the one that we are doing in clicking on it.
used by the programmers. any word document files
wherein we change the fonts,
font sizes and colors.

Table 2. Example of Types of Texts (Magno, 2020)

WHAT IS A TYPEFACE?
In the formatted text, we control the general QUICK FACTS:
appearance of the characters, from the changing of WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE typeface or
fonts such as bold, italics, underline, font BETWEEN HYPERTEXT AND
HYPERLINKS?
sizes and colors. Hypertext and hyperlinks are interrelated
Typeface is also called as font, front style or terms and powerful tools cross linking type. It refers to the
digital format representation or websites on the net. Hyperlink is the URL to which this hypertext takes one to.
style of a document. A typeface is usually comprised of alphabets, numbers,
punctuation marks, symbols and other special characters.

TYPES OF TYPEFACES (Source: p. 120, MIL TG by CHED)

1. SERIF - connotes formality and readability in large amount of texts. This font is usually
used for the body text of books, newspapers, magazines and research publication. Also,
serif fonts give a classic or elegant look when used for title or heading.
Examples: Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville
2. SANS SERIF - brings a clean or minimalist look to the text. This font is used for clear
and direct meaning of text such as road signage, building directory or nutrition facts
in food packages. Also, sans serif fonts give a modern look and is used primarily in
webpage design.
Examples: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri
3. SLAB SERIF - carries a solid or heavy look to text. This font can be used for large
advertising sign on billboards.

Examples: Rockwell, Playbill, Blackoak

4. Script - draws much attention to itself because of its brush-like strokes. This must be
used sparingly and not to be used in large body text. This font is usually used in
wedding invitation cards or other formal events. Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler
5. Decorative- caters to a wide variety of emotions such as celebration, fear, horror, etc.
or themes such as cowboys, circus, holidays, summer, kiddie, etc. Examples: Chiller,

Jokerman, Curlz MT
DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS
Design is not about the pictures that are
placed together and arranged in a way that
you want it to be. It can be made more
attractive and pleasing to the eye by
choosing the combination of each element.

1. Emphasis - refers to the importance

or value given to a part of the
textbased content.
2. Appropriateness - refers to how
fitting or suitable the text is used for
a specific audience, purpose or event.
3. Proximity - refers to how near or how
far are the text elements from each
other.
 Figure 5. What Makes Good Design? Image Source:
https://visme.co/blog/elements-principles-good-design/
4. Alignment - refers to how the text is positioned in the page. This can be left, right, center
or justified.
5. Organization - refers to a conscious effort to organize the different text elements in a
page. Organization ensures that while some text elements are separated from each other
(based on the principle of proximity), they are still somehow connected with the rest of
the elements in the page.
6. Repetition- concerns consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design.
Repetition encourages the use of repeating some typefaces within the page.
7. Contrast- creates visual interest to text elements. Contrast is achieved when two elements
are different from each other.

THE COMMON FILE FORMATS

Because of technology, texts can be generated with the use of any device that uses
word processing applications. Text can be kept in different file formats. Here are the
most common file formats:

COMMON FILE
DESCRIPTION
FORMATS
TXT (text)  Unformatted text document by an editor as notepad on Windows
platform.
DOC (document) A native format for storing documents created by MS Word
package.
Contain a rich set of formatting capabilities.
RTF (Rich Text  Cross platform document exchange; default format for Mac OS X’s
Format) default editor Text Edit.
PDF (Portable  Developed by Adobe systems for cross platform exchange of
Document Format) documents, supports image and graphics.
PS (PostScript)  A page description language used mainly for desktop publishing.
Table 3. Common File Formats (Parekh, 2006)
Source: p.149, Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan, Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
 QUICK FACTS:
In our exposure to text media and information, we can
either be a consumer or producer (creator) of the content.
As a consumer, these are the questions that we need to ask with regards with
the content of text media and information:
 Who or what institution is sending this message?
 What techniques are used to attract and hold attention?
 What is the language used by the writer?
 What views are represented? Are they balanced?
 How might the message be interpreted in different ways?
 What is omitted, slurred or added in the message?
And as a producer, we need to review the media and information design framework which
includes the target audience, author or sender, key content, purpose, form/style and format.

Text can be as short such as a single sentence or phrase, or they can be as

lengthy as news articles or investigative reporting. No matter how brief or lengthy,
however, a text is always carefully written with the intent of sending a very specific
message to the target audience.
ACTIVITY: ADVERTISEMENT ANALYSIS
Direction: Information from advertisements always wants us to purchase products or
participate in events. Choose a television commercial of two competing fast-food chains in the
country and analyze their commercials based on the following question:

Advertising Analysis
Commercial A Commercial B
Questions
CREATOR
Jollibee Mcdonalds
Who produced the
advertisement?

What other products and Fast-food, drive thru, Fast-food, drive thru,
services does the advertiser
online order online order
offer?
What is the purpose of this To show the current To show the current
advertisement besides selling a situation of the country and situation of the country and
product or service? relate it to the COVID-19 relate it to the COVID-19
pandemic pandemic

CONTENT
A family with a child being Different people in different
Who are the people in the ad? the protagonist walks of life

A home in a pandemic. The The world outside in a

What are the ad’s plot and child is missing the outside pandemic. It showhow are
setting? world but happy that he’s people adapting to this
together with his family
crisis.
Direction:

Does the ad conform to Yes especially family unity Yes, it shows how Filipinos
contemporary Filipino cultural
and togetherness adapt easily to crisis.
values?
What signs and symbols are It shows the food products It shows the setting of the
used to represent the product? and commodities of the Mcdonalds restaurant and
fast-food chain. some food products.

What does the ad directly and The ad sells the products The ad sells the products of
indirectly sell? of Jollibee. Mcdonalds.

What production techniques It relates to the current It relates to the current

were used to attract attention?
situation of the country and pandemic situation.
appeals to the emotional
minds of the viewers.
CONSUMER
Everyone.
Everyone especially family-
Who is the intended consumer?
oriented individuals.

How will the advertisement’s It shows that you can still It shows that Filipinos can
entice the consumer to buy the
be happy with your family naturally adapt to several
product or avail himself or
herself of the service? in your homes even if crisis.
there’s a pandemic outside.
It gives an effect of
It appeals to their emotions relatedness and connection
What is the ad’s effect on the
consumer?
thus reminding them to between the commercial
support the brand. and the viewers.

Based from the Activity Part, compare the results of the two commercials that you
use. What did you find out? Explain your answers.

I realized that the two commercials have almost the same context but different
setting. In the Jollibee
commercial, it shows the WHAT I HAVE LEARNED SO FAR?
connection of a family while
in the Mcdonalds one, it shows that people can still be connected even if they’re not
together physically. These commercials use the pandemic as the background of the plot
and it appeals to current events with the viewers being able to relate to what are
happening in the advertisements.
 REFLECT UPON

THE ZARK’S ULTIMATE DAY

Direction:
(SPOT.ph) Zark's Burgers started out as a
neighborhood diner right across De La Salle
University along Taft Avenue. It was August 28, 2017
when they had its 8th year anniversary promo which
is the P8 Zark’s Ultimate Burger for the first 80
customers per branch. Hundreds of people went on
the said event that led to a stampede. It created an
inconvenience by the patrons and with the other
mallgoers. Based from their poster below, what do
you think should have done in this poster in terms
of emphasis to avoid what happened in their event
where chaos and stampede occurred (luckily nobody
was seriously hurt). Explain your answer.
First of all, there should be emphasis on the
“strictly for first 80 customers” so that the customers
would know that not all will be given on that specific
promo discouraging some of them from going. The
price alone will encourage them from storming the
place because several people would want to take
Figure 6. Zark’s Ultimate Day Poster
advantage of this bargain for this promo. If Zarks
would do this again, they should make sure that they
have the permission of the mall authorities and security should be deployed properly to
avoid chaos.
Image Source:
https://www.rappler.com/technology/social- ____________________________________________
media/180340-zarks-burger-8-pesos-rush

Direction: Read and understand each statement. Choose the best answer and encircle
the letter of your choice.

1. It is one of the most common file formats which is said to be a native format for storing
documents created by MS Word package and contains a rich set of formatting capabilities.
A. doc B. txt C. pdf D. rtf
2. It refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text-based content. When trying
to make a point or highlighting a message, you can make the text bold, italicized, have a
heavier weight, darkened or lightened. What text elements you should use?
A. Appropriateness B. Emphasis C. Proximity D. Consistency
 3. Text elements can be categorize into the following, EXCEPT:
A. letters B. numbers C. special characters D. images
4. Which text elements refers to how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific
audience, purpose or event?
A. Appropriateness B. Emphasis C. Proximity D. Consistency
5. It is composed of characters that are used to create words, sentences and paragraphs.
A. audio B. image C. sound D. text

To check your progress, here are the answers for the following activities:

References
Andres, Virgina P. et al. Media and Information Literacy Teaching Guide for Senior High School, Quezon
City: Commission on Higher Education. 2016

Boots C. Liquigan 2016. DIWA Senior High School Series: Media and Information Literacy, Quezon City:
DIWA Learning Systems Inc.

Development of Multimedia. PDF file. 2020. http://cemca.org/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Section7.pdf

Icon made by Pixel perfect from www.flaticon.com

Jose Reuben Q. Alagaran II 2017. Media and Information Literacy: Empower the Discerning Audiences,
Quezon City: ABIVA Publishing House, Inc.

Ping, Arniel “Text Information and Media (Part 1).” Lecture, St. Stephen’s High School, Manila,
Philippines, September 8, 2017.