Maximizing Wind Turbine Potential: A Cost-Effective and Long-Term Approach to Reducing

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Subject Practical Research 1

Proponents

Mc Bryan Hussein B. Timonan

DM Cygy C. Malnegro

June, 2023
ABTRACT

Utilizing renewable energy sources is becoming more important due to the pressing need

to combat global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Wind power generation stands

out among these sources as a very promising alternative due to its clean and sustainable nature.

The goal of this study is to create a wind power production system that is both ecologically benign

and economically feasible, as well as one that successfully reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

This project identifies and makes use of wind resource-rich areas to investigate novel

methods for capturing wind energy and producing power. The suggested study model focuses on

cost, environmental effect, and the best use of wind resources in order to satisfy the growing need

for sustainable energy alternatives.

The results of this study will aid in the development of renewable energy technology and

speed up the shift to a more sustainable and greener future. This research will make renewable

energy sources more widely accessible, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering carbon

emissions. It will do this by creating a low-cost wind power producing system. Additionally, the

study will offer insightful information on how to harness wind resources effectively, opening the

door for increased wind power generating efficiency and other developments in the industry. In the

end, this research hopes to make substantial advancements in the field of renewable energy,

helping to create a society that is more ecologically friendly and sustainable.

The investigation of alternative energy sources has taken on critical importance as the

globe struggles with the pressing need to address climate change and cut greenhouse gas

emissions. Due to its abundance and sustainability, using wind energy has emerged as one of

these possibilities. This research explores the creation of a low-cost, ecologically responsible

method for producing power in locales with abundant wind resources.

A switch to cleaner energy sources is necessary due to the growing worries about

greenhouse gas emissions and their negative consequences on the environment. Our ecology is

already in a vulnerable position, and fossil fuel-based electricity generation continues to contribute

significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This research intends to explore an economically

feasible and sustainable approach while concentrating on the usage of wind energy to help reduce

greenhouse gas emissions.

One of the key goals of this study is to design and construct a wind energy system that not

only minimizes greenhouse gas emissions but also complies to affordability and environmental

consciousness principles. This pursuit of a low-cost, ecologically beneficial strategy has enormous

potential for widespread adoption, particularly in wind-rich locations. We can move to a greener

future by harvesting wind power effectively and affordably, without jeopardizing our planet's well-

being or burdening communities with unaffordable prices.

Finally, the goal of this research is to add to the expanding body of information about

renewable energy generation, notably wind power. This study has the potential to transform the

way power is generated and pave the way for a greener and more sustainable future by tackling

crucial concerns such as lowering greenhouse gas emissions, improving affordability, and utilizing

wind resources.
RATIONALE/SIGNIFICANCE

The world faces increasing energy demand leading to rising CO2 emissions and negative

environmental impacts. The transition to renewable energy sources such as wind power is

essential to mitigate climate change and reduce CO2 emissions. Wind turbine power generation

has emerged as a promising technology for generating sustainable energy. However, there is still

room for improvement in the efficiency and reliability of wind turbines in power generation. 1

Integrating robotics technology into wind turbine power generation has the potential to

optimize wind turbine efficiency, improve wind turbine efficiency and reliability, and reduce costs.

maintenance fee. In addition, robotics technology can provide innovative solutions for wind turbine

monitoring and maintenance, helping to improve the safety and sustainability of wind turbine

operations. 

This research project is therefore important as it aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts

towards the uptake of renewable energy sources and to provide insight into the potential of robotic

technology to facilitate electricity generation from wind turbines is. The results of this study could

inform policy makers, researchers, and industry experts about the technical and economic

feasibility of wind power generation and the potential of robotic technology in this area. Ultimately,

this research project will help enable a sustainable and renewable energy future. 

SCIENTIFIC BASIS/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK/MATHEMATICAL THEORY INVOLVED

Power generation in wind turbines is based on aerodynamic principles that describe the

behavior of air currents around objects such as aircraft and wind turbine blades. Wind turbine

blades are designed to capture kinetic energy from the wind and convert it into rotational energy,

which is converted into electrical energy using a generator. A wind turbine's efficiency in

generating electricity depends on many factors such as wind speed, wind direction and blade
design. Understanding the scientific principles behind airflow behavior is critical to optimizing wind

turbine design and performance. 

Fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and control systems are usually used in the analysis of

windmill electricity generation. In motion, the behavior of fluids like air is described by the field of

fluid mechanics. Utilizing this framework, wind flow behavior around wind turbine blades is

analyzed, and the design of the blades is optimized for maximum energy capture. The efficiency of

energy conversion processes in wind turbines, such as the conversion of rotational energy to

electrical energy, is examined using thermodynamics. By adjusting the blade pitch angle, rotor

speed, and other variables based on the current wind conditions, control systems are used to

maximize the performance of wind turbines.

The behavior of wind flow around wind turbine blades is modeled using the equations of

motion, which describe the behavior of fluids in motion. Numerical techniques, such as

computational fluid dynamics, are used to solve these equations in order to optimize the design of

the blades for maximum energy absorption. The Betz limit, which denotes the maximum

theoretical efficiency of a wind turbine, is one example of how mathematical theory is used to

model the effectiveness of energy conversion processes in wind turbines. 2 Control systems that

optimize the performance of wind turbines based on current wind conditions are designed using

control theory. In order to maximize energy capture and reduce waste, feedback control systems

are used, which modify the rotor speed, blade pitch angle, and other parameters.

OBJECTIVES

To look at how robotics and wind turbines might be used in renewable energy systems to

boost electricity production and save maintenance costs.

producing electricity:

 Evaluate the technical and financial viability of producing power from wind turbines.

 Examine the architecture and performance of wind turbines.

 Look into how the wind affects the production of power.

 Consider the expenses related to wind turbine operation and maintenance.

2. Explore the application of robotics technology to optimize windmill performance and reduce

maintenance costs:

 Investigate the use of robotics technology, including drones and autonomous robots, for

windmill monitoring, maintenance, and control.

 Assess the technical and economic feasibility of using robotics technology in windmill

electricity generation.

3. Provide recommendations for the integration of robotics technology and windmill

electricity generation in renewable energy systems:

 Consolidate findings to suggest actionable recommendations for decision-makers,

academics, and business leaders.

 Consider the economic and technical viability of wind turbine electricity generation.

 Evaluate the potential of robotics technology to enhance wind turbine performance and

lower maintenance costs.

4. to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, migrate to alternative energy sources, and promote a more

environmentally friendly and sustainable future:

 Ascertain the project's contribution to preventing climate change and lowering carbon

footprints
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This study investigated how to improve the yaw control of wind turbines in order to boost

performance. According to the study's findings, wind turbines' ability to capture energy could be

improved by optimizing their yaw control, which would also reduce stress on the turbine and

lengthen its lifespan (Musial et al., 2016). 3

Reviewed wind turbine blade design optimization methods. The researchers discovered

that optimization approaches can considerably increase the aerodynamic performance and

decrease wind turbine blade noise, but the optimization process must take into account numerous

design limitations and variables (Wu et al., 2016). 4

The social and environmental effects of wind energy and recommended approaches for

integrating it sustainably into society, while wind power has the potential to reduce greenhouse

gas emissions and provide energy security, the researchers found that its implementation should

take into account the needs and engagement of the local population (Balta-Ozkan et al., 2014). 5

In comparison to conventional energy sources like coal, gas, and petroleum-based fuels,

wind energy offers a clean and environmentally friendly alternative. Utilizing wind energy can

significantly reduce the production of pollutants, assisting in the reduction of air pollution and all

associated negative effects. It is possible to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide,

and sulfur dioxide, which are known to cause acid rain, global warming, and the greenhouse

effect, by switching to wind energy instead of conventional energy sources (ESTF, 2009). 6
METHODOLOGY

Materials needed:

1. DC Motor

2. Wirings

3. 2 Light Switches

4. LED Light

5. Board

6. Propeller Blades (DIY)

7. Chargeable Battery (as Generator)

Procedure:

1. Prepare the workspace:

- Find a suitable area to work on assembling the windmill. Make sure it is a safe and

stable location.

2. Building the windmill structure:

- Construct or acquire a windmill structure to support the propeller blades and the DC

motor. This can be done using materials like wood or PVC pipes.

- Ensure the structure is sturdy enough to withstand wind and support the weight of the

components.

3. Mounting the DC motor:

- Attach the DC motor to the windmill structure securely using screws or any suitable

mounting method.
 - Make sure the motor is positioned in a way that allows the propeller blades to rotate

freely without any obstructions.

4. Wiring the components:

- Connect the positive terminal of the DC motor to the positive terminal of the chargeable

battery using a wire.

- Connect the negative terminal of the DC motor to one of the light switches using

another wire.

- Connect the other terminal of the light switch to the positive terminal of the LED light.

- Connect the negative terminal of the LED light to the negative terminal of the

chargeable battery.

- Ensure all connections are secure and properly insulated.

5. Installing the propeller blades:

- Attach the propeller blades to the shaft of the DC motor. Ensure they are firmly

attached and balanced to allow smooth rotation.

6. Testing the windmill and backup generator:

- Make sure the windmill is in an area with sufficient wind or simulate wind using a fan.

- Turn on the light switches and observe if the propeller blades start spinning.

- Check if the DC motor generates power and charges the battery.

- Verify that the LED light turns on, indicating successful power generation.

7. Securing the components:

- Once the windmill and backup generator are working properly, secure all loose wires

and components to prevent any accidents or damage.

- Use zip ties, tape, or suitable fasteners to organize and secure the wiring.
 8. Final testing and adjustments:

- Conduct a final test to ensure the windmill continues to generate power and charge the

battery effectively.

- Make any necessary adjustments or improvements to optimize the windmill's

performance.

Testing:

1. Ensure that all connections and wiring are properly set up according to the assembly

procedure.

2. Place the windmill in an area with sufficient wind or use a fan to simulate wind if

necessary.

3. Turn on the light switches to activate the windmill and backup generator.

4. Observe the rotation of the propeller blades. They should start spinning in response to

the wind or fan.

5. Check the LED light to see if it turns on. This indicates that the power generated by the

windmill is successfully charging the battery and supplying electricity to the light.

6. Monitor the battery's charge level. If the windmill is generating sufficient power, the

battery should gradually charge up.

7. Adjust the position of the windmill or the propeller blades if needed to optimize the

power generation. Experiment with different wind speeds or angles to find the most efficient setup.
 8. Conduct a longer duration test to ensure the windmill and backup generator can sustain

power generation over time.

9. Measure the voltage and current output of the DC motor and battery using appropriate

testing equipment, if available, to validate the performance of the system.

10. If any issues are encountered during testing, double-check the wiring and connections

to ensure everything is properly connected. Troubleshoot and resolve any problems before

continuing.

Risk and Safety:

1. Electrical hazards: Working with electrical components carries the risk of electric shock

or short circuits. To ensure safety:

- Turn off the power source when making connections or adjustments.

- Use insulated tools and handle wires and components carefully.

- Avoid working on the windmill during wet or rainy conditions.

- Keep a fire extinguisher nearby in case of electrical fires.

2. Mechanical hazards: The moving parts of the windmill, such as the propeller blades and

rotating shaft, can pose risks. Take the following precautions:

- Keep fingers, clothing, and other objects clear of the rotating parts.

- Securely fasten all components to prevent them from becoming loose during operation.

- Do not operate the windmill in the presence of people or animals who may come into

contact with the moving parts.

- Avoid assembling the windmill in areas prone to strong gusts or severe weather

conditions that could cause structural damage.

- Use caution when testing the windmill in windy conditions to prevent it from becoming

unstable or causing injury.

4. Battery safety: The chargeable battery used as a backup generator requires careful

handling:

- Use the recommended battery type and follow the manufacturer's guidelines for

charging and maintenance.

- Avoid overcharging the battery, as it can lead to overheating or damage.

- Do not short-circuit the battery terminals or expose them to excessive heat or fire.

5. Personal protective equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate safety gear to minimize risks:

- Use safety goggles to protect your eyes from debris or sparks.

- Wear gloves when handling sharp objects or working with electrical components.

- Consider wearing a helmet when assembling or testing the windmill in case of falling

objects.

6. Knowledge and expertise: Lack of understanding or experience with electrical

systems may pose risks. Take the following precautions:

- Educate yourself on electrical safety practices and the proper use of tools and

equipment.

- Seek guidance from professionals or experts if you are unsure about any aspect of the

assembly or testing process.

batteries. Take the following measures:

- Keep a fire extinguisher nearby and know how to use it effectively.

- Do not overload the electrical circuit or use damaged wires or components.

- Ensure proper ventilation in the area to prevent heat build-up.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS

To provide a working wind turbine energy generation system utilizing the components

indicated, as well as information on the effectiveness and performance of the windmill in various

wind situations. For usage in actual applications, this data can be utilized to refine the windmill

system's design and increase its efficacy.

The importance of this initiative. A clean, renewable energy source with the potential to

drastically lower greenhouse gas emissions and fight climate change is wind energy. This project

could offer a low-cost and sustainable option for generating power in locations with adequate wind

resources by creating a working windmill electricity generation system out of materials that are

easily accessible. In developing nations or rural locations with limited access to conventional

electrical sources, this might be very significant.

The project could also be an effective instructional tool for teaching the general public and

students about the concepts of wind energy and the technology behind wind turbines. The

potential of renewable energy sources may be more known and understood as a result,

encouraging future generations to work in the field of sustainable energy.

DATE ACTIVITY EXPECTED RESULTS

January 31, 2023 Proposal Making A Complete Proposal will be

Completed.

February 28, 2023 Parts Gathering All parts/materials will be

gathered to assemble.

March 30, 2023 Assembly 1 device will be made.

April 2, 2023 Testing 1 device will be testing.

May 1-30, 2023 Conclusion and Continuation of A conclusion will be made after

Research Paper testing a device and research

paper will be submitted.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The objective of the project is to assess the economic and technical feasibility of wind

turbine power production. A study of the effectiveness of wind turbines in generating electricity

using variables like wind speed, direction, and blade design may be one of the outcomes,

investigates the use of robotics technology to enhance wind turbine performance and lower

maintenance costs. An evaluation of the viability of using robotics technology, such as drones, for

windmill monitoring, maintenance, and control, may be one of the outcomes. While addressing any

technical or financial concerns, the discussion can highlight the potential benefits of robotics

technology in enhancing wind turbine efficiency, dependability, and safety. Lastly, accentuate the

potential effects of putting these suggestions into practice in terms of boosting the adoption of

renewable energy, lowering CO2 emissions, and achieving a sustainable energy future.
 The development of a functional windmill energy generation system using readily available

materials may be one of the anticipated outcomes and potential impacts. This would offer a low-

cost and sustainable option for power generation in regions with adequate wind resources. The

discussion can highlight the initiative's potential effects, especially in developing countries or

remote areas with little access to traditional electrical sources. The study can also be used as a

teaching tool to increase students' and the general public's knowledge of wind energy, encourage

the use of renewable energy sources, and motivate future generations to work in the field of

sustainable energy.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study has clarified the value and possibility of using wind turbine as a competitive

option for generating electricity. We have highlighted crucial discoveries that can direct future

efforts in this sector by concentrating on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the

investigation of low-cost, environmentally friendly alternatives.

Wind turbine has demonstrated that it is a resource that is both sustainable and renewable

and has the potential to considerably lower greenhouse gas emissions. We can lessen our

dependency on fossil fuels and lessen the negative environmental consequences of conventional

energy producing techniques by harnessing the force of the wind.

The importance of cost and environmental awareness in the development of wind energy

systems has also been underlined by our research. We can secure the broad acceptance and use

of wind power technology in regions with abundant wind resources by emphasizing cost-effective

solutions that are consistent with sustainable practices.

Furthermore, our inquiry has shown the value of creativity and ongoing research in

enhancing the productivity and efficiency of wind energy systems. We can maximize energy output
while reducing the impact on the environment by examining current technology, investigating

cutting-edge design concepts, and taking into account the regional characteristics of wind

resources.

Based on the findings of our study, these are several recommendations can be made to

further advance the utilization of wind turbine power for electricity generation:

Policy Support: To encourage the development and deployment of wind energy systems,

governments and regulatory agencies should offer benevolent policies, incentives, and subsidies.

This will promote investment and speed up the shift to a clean and sustainable energy

environment.7

Research and Development: Efforts should be made to continue improving research and

development in order to increase the effectiveness and performance of wind turbines, storage

systems, and transmission infrastructure. The production and dependability of wind power

technologies may be maximized by investigating cutting-edge materials, creative designs, and

integrated solutions.8

Knowledge Sharing: Researches, industry professionals, students and stakeholders

should collaborate more to share knowledge and promote wind energy technology. Sharing best

practices, lessons gained, and technical breakthroughs can help the wind power industry become

more productive and sustainable.

 J. Xie, Jian-xun Fu, Si-yu Liu and W. Hwang. "Assessments of carbon footprint and energy

analysis of three wind farms." Journal of Cleaner Production, (2020).

[Link]

2
M. D. Lellis, R. Reginatto, Ramiro Saraiva and A. Trofino. "The Betz limit applied to Airborne

Wind Energy." Renewable Energy, (2018). [Link]

3
Musial, W., Butterfield, S., & McNiff, B. (2016). Improving wind turbine performance through

yaw control optimization. Wind Energy, 19(7), 1281-1295

4
Wu, B., Lu, L., & Yang, H. (2016). A review of optimization techniques in wind turbine blade

design. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, 456-470

5
Balta-Ozkan, N., Yildiz, Ö., Connor, P. M., & Woods, J. (2014). Wind power and society:

Strategies for sustainability. Renewable Energy, 63, 403-408

6
ESTF (Energy Saving Trust Field), "Generate your own energy: Energy Saving Trust field trial

of domestic wind turbines,"

[Link]

trial-of-domestic-wind-turbines (accessed August 12, 2009).

7
Cox, Sadie, Suzanne Tegen, Ian Baring-Gould, Frank A. Oteri, Sean Esterly, Trudy Forsyth,

and Ruth Baranowski. Policies to support wind power deployment: key considerations and

good practices. No. NREL/TP-6A20-64177. National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden,

and R&D future. No. NREL/CP-500-43374. National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), Golden,

CO (United States), 2008.

APPENDICES