ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Traffic light.
WORKSHEET: P6 .
Traffic light.
Objetive:
Implement a pedestrian/vehicle traffic light control system using a PLC. It is recommended to use Grafcet, as it is very useful for
repetitive sequential systems.
Development of the practice:
Implementation of repetitive sequential systems using Grafcet. Control a pedestrian/vehicle traffic light
intersection with a PLC using pushbuttons and/or vehicle presence sensors.
► Initially, by default, the traffic light will be green for vehicles and red for pedestrians.
► When a pedestrian presses the pushbutton to cross, the program will switch the traffic light for vehicles
from green to red, passing through yellow, as shown in the figure.
► Additionally, the following requirements must be taken into account:
♦ The yellow light for vehicles must last 3 seconds.
♦ The red light for vehicles must last 20 seconds.
♦ The green light for pedestrians must remain on for 15 seconds and then blink for 5 seconds.
♦ As soon as the previous phase ends, the pedestrian traffic light must switch to red.
♦ A new pedestrian crossing request must be attended to only after the vehicle traffic light has been on green
for at least 30 seconds.
*Diagram and scheme of the system, as well as any graphic representation that helps to understand the proposed test.
Img. Nro 1 Electrical Wiring Diagram "Initial Idea" Img. Nro 2 Simulation model.
Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 12/04/2023 Page 1
ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Traffic light.
Img.
Ladder diagram - Img Nro 3 Block diagram - Img. Nro 4
Img. Nro 5 BDF
Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 12/04/2023 P ag e 2
ElLECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Traffic light.
Control Electrical Circuit- Img Nro 6 Power Electrical Circuit - Img. Nro 7
The Phase-Time Diagram- Img. Nro 8
Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 12/04/2023 P ag e 3
ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Traffic light.
Calculations and justifications for the sizing of elements.
The sizing of elements in an electrical circuit is a critical process that must be carried out with great care and precision.
The success of an electrical circuit depends largely on the correct selection of elements such as conductors, switches,
transformers, motors, among others.
In the case of the pedestrian/vehicle traffic light control circuit using Siemens Logo 8 PLC, it is important to consider the
current and voltage that will flow through the conductors, the power required by the devices, and the capacity of the
protection devices.
The calculation of conductors is based on the current that will flow through them, which is determined by the sum of the
currents of the different elements of the circuit. It is important to consider the simultaneity factor, which establishes that
not all elements of the circuit will be operating at the same time. For the case of traffic light circuit, it is important to
consider the current flowing through the LED traffic lights, the current of the motor that actuates the switching
mechanism, and the current of the PLC.
It is important to perform functional tests on the circuit before putting it into operation. The voltage, current, and power
values in each of the circuit elements should be verified and compared with the calculated theoretical values. The
proper functioning of the PLC and its programming should also be verified.
Explanation of how each part is executed: assembly, tests, measurements, etc.
► To carry out the assembly and testing of the pedestrian/vehicle traffic light control circuit with Logo PLC, the following
steps would be followed:
♦ Select equipment: The appropriate model of Logo PLC and necessary components for the system, such as presence
sensors, push buttons, traffic lights, and cables and connectors necessary to connect the elements, should be chosen.
♦ Design the circuit: The electrical circuit will be designed according to the project specifications, taking into account the
electrical characteristics of the components that make it up and the specifications of the Logo PLC.
♦ Perform the assembly: The components will be installed in the designated location. Presence sensors and push
buttons will be installed, and cables will be connected to the traffic lights and the Logo PLC.
♦ Verify the operation: The proper functioning of the circuit will be checked through test runs, both with the push buttons
and presence sensors and with the simulation of different situations in the program.
♦ Measure and document: Electrical variables of the components, such as voltage, current, and resistance, will be
measured to verify that they are within specified values.
► As for the necessary measures to ensure safety and proper functioning of the system, electrical safety standards
should be followed, such as:
♦ Use quality, appropriate, and certified components and elements.
♦ Install the circuit safely, avoiding loose or poorly insulated cables and connections.
♦ Ensure that the circuit is protected by fuses or automatic switches and complies with insulation and grounding
standards.
♦ Verify that there is sufficient electrical power to power the circuit and electrical components.
♦ Conduct measurements of the electrical variables to verify that they are within acceptable values.
♦ Train system users on the proper use of the system and associated safety elements, such as push buttons and traffic
lights.
Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 12/04/2023 P ag e 4
ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Traffic light.
Record
Datasheets and/or characteristics of the elements used.
♦ INPUTS
► I1: ON - System Start (NO) Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
► I2: START - Pedestrian Start (NO) Activated = 0; Deactivated = 1
► I3: STOP - Stop (NC). Activated = 0; Deactivated = 1
♦ OUTPUTS
► Q0.0: H1 Auto Green. Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
► Q0.1: H2 Auto Yellow. Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
► Q0.2: H3 Auto Red. Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
► Q0.3: H4 Pedestrian Green. Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
► Q0.4: H5 Pedestrian Red. Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
i1 i2 i3 t1 t2 t3 t4
Q0 1 1 1 X 0 0 X
Q1 1 X 1 0 1 0 0
Q2 1 X 1 0 0 1 0
Q3 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
Q4 1 1 1 X 0 0 X
Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 12/04/2023 P ag e 5
ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Traffic light.
Conclusions and Observations
► GRAFCET is a graphical language for programming sequential control systems. It is used by electrical engineers to
design and program real-time sequential control systems. This graphical language helps visualize and understand the
system behavior, as well as program it more efficiently and precisely. It allows for the identification of the different
stages of the process, the specification of transition conditions between them, and the definition of actions associated
with each stage. The benefits of using GRAFCET include ease of programming, clarity in understanding the process,
error detection and resolution capability, and flexibility in adapting the system to changes in the process.
► An electrician should recommend PLC Logo for this pedestrian/vehicle traffic light circuit because this PLC is a
compact, economical, and easy-to-program solution that offers the necessary functions to control a repetitive sequential
system like this. In addition, it has a wide variety of digital, analog, and communication inputs and outputs, making it
highly adaptable to different control applications. The user interface and intuitive programming software allow for quick
implementation and commissioning of the system, saving time and resources in installation.
► The main observation of this PLC system is that it is distinguished from a wiring system implementation by the
following characteristics:
♦ Greater flexibility in programming traffic light signals.
♦ Ease of modifying the system's operation without changing the physical wiring.
♦ Time and cost savings in system installation.
♦ Possibility of automating the traffic light control process.
♦ Greater precision in the timing of traffic light changes.
♦ Ease of adding new functionality to the system.
♦ Lower risk of human errors in system programming.
♦ Greater reliability and safety in traffic light control.
♦ Space savings in system installation.
♦ Greater diagnostic capability and problem detection in the system.
♦ Ease of monitoring and recording system data.
♦ Greater energy efficiency by optimizing the use of traffic light signals.
♦ Greater capacity to integrate the traffic light system with other control systems.
♦ Greater ease of performing maintenance and repairs on the system.
♦ Lower cost of component replacement in case of system failures.
♦ Possibility of integrating the traffic light system with other smart devices.
♦ Greater ease of compliance with traffic safety regulations.
♦ Greater capacity to respond to changes in traffic demand.
♦ Greater capacity to customize the system's operation according to the specific needs of the traffic light intersection.
♦ Greater durability and resistance of the system to adverse weather and other environmental conditions.
Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 12/04/2023 P ag e 6
