ei cn What does it take to UTES) survive? CNM y Deka neersUe ata Glance » Language Focus: Descibe,Explcin Reading Strategy: Hoke inferences Phonics Focus: igrophs: ph, th, qu; Trigraphs: thr, shy, squ Topics: Anime Adopttions, Animal Needs Share What You Know g © Look at pictures of animals and places in nature. © Match the animals with their homes. © Talk with a partner about things that might help the animals live in each place,Words to Know |) Language Focus WARS Describe Listen and sing. Where Can My Butterfly Be? Oh where, oh where can my butterfly be? Oh where, oh where did it fly? It has brown wings, and it flew to this tree. It's hard to find, but I'll try! Its wings blend into this habitat. It flutters down and sits still. Its wings look like the brown leaves on this tree. It’s hard to find, but | will! Tune: "Oh Where, Oh Where Has My Little Dog Gone?” __® Key Words How do Gnimals and insects look? How does this help them in their habitat? Talk Together Talk about the animals and insects on this page. How do you think their color, shape, and size help them survive? 73Plot The plot is what happens in a story. The story events happen in order. Show this in a story map. Beginning-Middle-End Chart Beginning Write the One day, Pablo finds a caterpillar. beginning here. Middle Pablo puts the caterpillar into Write the a jar. Then, he middle watches what here. happens. After two weeks, the caterpillar turns into a butterfly. Pablo opens Write the the jar. He watches the butterfly fly end here. away. Talk Together Tell your partner about a nature walk you took or would like to take. Your partner makes a story map. 74 Unit2@ More Key Words adaptation — defend hide noun verb | verb EG i She hides the A turtle’s hard The mother shell is an defends her gift so her father adaptation that baby so that it cannot see it. keeps it safe. stays safe. adjective vb Talk Together Work with a partner. Use Key Words to ask and answer questions. = How do some animals They wear Penguins survive sisted their young? helmets to keep cold weather by their heads safe _ standing together ee, tee en in case they fall. to stay warm. 75=)| Reading Strategy Learn to Make Inferences a a: a Look at the cartoon. Pablo is excited. The text does f ie a not say why. Look at the picture to figure out, or s make an inference, about why he is excited. You can make inferences to help you understand what you read and see. Wo s 1. Read the text. Look at the pictures. I read S| "3 ¢ s 2. Think about what you already I know know. How fo Make inferences you read to figure out more. as sa 3. Use what you know and what finden ee iy p y 76 Unit 2( ‘ Teun tee tard ee ecg Read Pablo’s journal. Read the sample inference. Then use Language Frames to tell a partner about your inferences. Saturday, May |, 20 Today Dad brought me to the Butterfly House at the 200.7 Sample Inference “Lread that Pablo went The Butterfly House has hundreds of buttertlies that you can |” tothe Buttertly House look at, at the 200. While we were there, my dad told me all about butterties, Aa that Pablo thes He said that when butterflies land on flowers, they are not cea er ee playing. They are really getting food. Butterflies need flowers ie ‘Pablo had a great | to BUR¥Ve. Dad also said that some buttertlies (dé in ee =) trees and plants. Butterflies don’t have many ways to defend, —_ themselves. However, their coloring is one adaptation] that keeps them Safe. We are already planning another trip to the Butterfly House. Next time, I want to bring my camera! < “=A good place to make an inference 7® Digraphs: ph, th, qu PER en Learn) @ Listen to the sound of the digraphs at the beginning of the picture words. Choose the words that have the same beginning digraphs as the picture words. 1 a : 2. 4 | ae ai pocket phone think treat trace thick 3. 4. ee quiz thing scope trim thing trace 78 unit2rane @ listen and read. Find the words with the digraphs in the beginning or middle of words. Over to You Is That a Bug or a Stick? You might look at a tree and not Know an insect is there, The giant walking stick looks like a stick. It has the same color and shape. It looks like part of the tree. It is hard to see. Other insects are big. But this insect wins a trophy for its size. It is long and thin. Its body is 33 centimeters in length. That is quite long. When it is stretched out, it is almost 61 centimeters in length! That is a big bug! The giant walking stick has ways to fight predators. It defends itself by shooting a milky liquid at them. The liquid burns. Predators leave the giant walking stick alone. Another thing the giant walking stick does is hide. It hides during the day. It comes out at night to eat while predators are asleep. Practice reading words with digraphs by reading “Is That a Bug or a Stick?” with a partner.Read a Story This story tells about things that could really happen. It is realistic fiction. The events in a story are the plot. The plot in this story tells what happens when a Screech Owl hunts for food.A Seek-and-Find Story written and illustrated by Narelle OliverA Screech Owl hunts for food. Will it find what it needs to survive? IL. is twilight. The babies are hungry. The Screech Owl's hunt must begin. Screech Owl twilight early night ‘are hungry need food hunt search for food 82 Unit2On silent wings, the Screech Owl flies. It watches for movement. It listens for tiny sounds. At that moment a Bark Moth flutters toward a tree. Bark Moth silent quiet movement animals or insects that move flutters toward flies to 83Can the Screech Owl snap it up? The moth has disappeared. snap it up catch the moth has disappeared has gone where it cannot be seen 84 Unit2Nearby a Katydid hops. The Screech Owl follows it. tar Katydid _ ‘ Nearby Close by > Before You Continue hops jumps 1. Sequence What does the Screech Owl do at the beginning of the story? Why? 2. Plot What happens when the Screech (Owl sees the Bark Moth and Katydid? 85» Predict a What will the Katydid and the other insects and animals do? L. a flash, the Katydid has vanished. Ina flash Quickly has vanished has gone away 86 Unit2Out from the leaves, a Treefrog jumps. Treefrog > © 87All of a sudden, it is nowhere to be found. Alle aden Jot ton sonbte be found gone 88 Unit2A Lizard seuttles up a speckled rock. In the blink of an eye, there is no trace of it at all. Lizard > > Before You Continue 1. Confirm Predictions Was your prediction a correct? How did the Katydid stay safe? ot neerea 2. Make Inferences Why is it so hard In the blink of an eye Soon for the Screech Ow! fo catch linge no trace of it all nothing to see and animals? scuttles climbs quickly speckled rock a rock covered with spots EE 89°> Predict Will the Screech Owl ever find food? Finatyy, a giant Luna Moth drifts down. There is no escape. The hunt is over. Luna Moth giant very big drifts Fes slowly escape place to hide 90 Unit2Far away, a Great Horned Owl is watching. Great Horned Owl >Sensing danger, the Screech Owl swoops to land. Sensing danger, Something is wrong, s0 swoops to land quickly fies down 92 Unit2With feathers pulled tight, the Screech Owl has disappeared. So, the Great Horned Owl flies on. With feathers pulled fight By making its body small flies on goes oway 93The Screech Owl waits. It is silent and still. Then noiseless wings take the hunter home. still not moving noiseless quiet hunter Screech Owl > Before You Continue 1. Confirm Predictions Was your prediction correct? Does the Screech Owl find food? What happens? 2. Make Inferences Why do you think the Screech Owl hides from the Great Horned Owl? 94 Unit2Meet the Author Narelle Oliver As a girl growing up in Australia, Narelle Oliver enjoyed exploring the local countryside. Now, Ms. Oliver writes and illustrates children’s books about nature. Before she wrote “Twilight Hunt,” Ms. Oliver explored the forests where owls live. Writing ip & The writer uses precise words such as flutters and swoops to tell exactly how animals and insects move. Find more precise words. Say each word as you act out how something moves.Talk About It GU 1. What is something from the story that screech owls do in real life? Read it aloud and then answer. Real screech owls ____. 2. Choose an animal from the story. Describe what you read about its G6lor, shape, and size in the story. The . It has . is 3. The Screech Owl hunts for food at twilight. Tell how the owl does this. When the Screech Owl hunts, it Write About It o Find your favorite picture in “Twilight Hunt.” Write a caption to tell what is happening. 96 Unit 2Plot What happens at the beginning, middle, and end of “Twilight Hunt”? Beginning-Middle-End Chart Beginning ‘Screech Owl goes on a hunt, She must find food for her babies. | Middle Now use your chart. Tell your partner the plot, or what happens, in “Twilight Hunt.” In the beginning, In the middle, ___ At the end, Fluency Practice reading with the correct expression. Rate your reading. 97Use a Dictionary You can look in a dictionary for word meanings. Use alphabetical order to find the words. Find the word @AGiptaHGH] in the dictionary. Guide words show absorb > belong the first and last Wold aie Q : words on the page. absorb aid on listed in ee wt ' Toabsorbistotaleinor | Toaldistohelp someone, | c alphabetical a order. J =, a wi e — Thepolie officer aids the | fy Themop absorbs he | i She helps the gi find water her way home adaptation animal j rain rn ie ‘An adaptations feature | Ananimals any living The definition >} | ofananimaitnatheipsit | creature that can breathe 1 . iv nd move around gives the m meaning of n aword. y turtle hard hel ian Pp adeptatontrerteest | Ahoreisananimalyou | safe. can a Try It Together What words come after @@@iptatioh! on this dictionary page? Where would you find the word attract? 98 Unit2Making Connections Find out how some living things (hide in their . Genre A science article can give facts > about living things.Animals and insects live in different habitats. To stay safe, they use camouflage. This helps them blend into their environments. On the next pages, see if you can find the hidden creatures. The waters of the ocean are filled with life. v 4 There are many trees in a forest. Fide by looking like the things round ther blend into their environments look like their habitats: 4 Arain forest gets a lot of rain each year. 100 Unit 2In a forest, trees give shelter and food. Here, a mantis uses its shape to hide in leaves. Before You Continue 1, Confirm Prediction What did you learn about ‘animals and on pages 102-103? Was your pre correct? 2. Make Inferences How does camouflage help a leaf katydid to survive? 103Compare Genres How are “Twilight Hunt” and “Hide and Seek” the same? How are they different? Realistic Fiction Science Article tells about things gives facts about that could really living things happen Talk Together What does it take to SURVIVE? Draw a picture of an (@inimall in its |H@bitGE. Then tell the class how the animal survives there. Use Key Words as labels. 104 unit2Action and Helping Verbs An action verb tells what someone or something does. Sometimes a helping verb works with an action verb. For Action Verbs © Use -s at the end of an action verb if thie subject is he, she, or it. * Do not use -s for I, you, we, or they. A Screech Owl hunts. She hunts. The mother owls hunt. They hunt. For Action Verbs with Helping Verbs ¢ A helping verb comes before A Katydid can vanish. the main verb. Katydids can v vanish. A tree frog might jump. Tree frogs might jump. Read Action and Helping Verbs Read these sentences. Find the action and helping verbs. Lizards can scuttle up the rock. The Great Horned Owl does not see the Screech Owl. Write Action and Helping Verbs 7 Write two sentences that describe what the Screech Owl does. Use action and helping verbs. Share your sentences with a partner. 105Ey) Language Focus ey EY) listen and chant. Sea Creatures and Their Features The firefly squid is tiny but bright. Its tentacles light up the sea. Uta) NM fe] a moe aa Mec But it just looks pretty to me! ON Tela -Unl=ore ae aa RIA BOON It has teeth in its mouth to tear food. It eats lots of prey, Uo shy stingray. hainmerhead That hammerhead‘s one scary dude. cee U firefly squidScience Vocabulary ) ® Key Words Look at the photos. ene ee shelter to stay safe animals need? = Taal to catch prey features that help them adapt to their habitat to hide from Talk Together Look at the picture of the giraffe. What features does a giraffe use to survive? 107Compare A group is made up of things that are alike. You can ust groups to compare things, or tell how they go together. Comparison Chart has tentacles has sharp teeth Write ways to Put like things group animals together. here. Talk Together Choose picture cards of these and other animals. Find ways that animals are alike. Group them in a comparison chart. 108 Unit2Academic Vocabulary ® More Key Words Some animals The light from a You can send a attack other bulb will attract | message for a animals to say, moths to it. friend to read. “Go away!” Talk Together Make a Vocabulary Example Chart for each Key Word. Then compare your chart with a It’s easy to The game seems recognize people | hard, but it is that you know. really easy to play. 109Learn to Make Inferences Look at the two photos. Read the text. Then think of what you know about animal adaptations. Put your ideas together to figure something out, or make an inference. When it is in danger, the puffer fish gets big. You can make inferences about things you read. 1, Look for details in the text. Iread Ss D> 2. Think about what you Throw oes already know. eee 3. Put your ideas together. What else can you figure out? 110 unit 2Pee er Talk Together Read Maryam’s oral report. Read the sample inference. Then use Language Frames to tell a partner about your inferences. Oral Report Tropical Fish Many people choose tropical fish as pets. Before buying any-fish, you need to find out which fish make the best pets. Betta fish are a popular choice. They Seem pretty and cheerful. But male bettas are not cheerful at all! They all other fish. Bettas send out a clear ‘We need space!” Pet owners are also “attracted to angelfish. You may Feeognize them because of their long stripes. These shy fish are not like bettas. Wild angelfish use their stripes to hide in long plants. Big fish cannot catch them. It is a special feature that helps the little fish survive. <4. = A good place to make an inference m© Trigraphs: thr, shr, squ shrub squid Ee ==4 Learn) @ Listen for the sound of the trigraphs at the beginning of the picture words. Choose the word with the same trigraph that best finishes the sentence. 1. We planted our garden. in 2. There are le) three truck trust balls. snack squash skate 3. We had for dinner. 4. | have a spool of slice ship shrimp thread this trunk 112 Unit 2Together Listen and read. Find the words with the trigraphs. An Interesting Ocean Animal Squid are in the same family as snails. Their features include a squishy body, eight arms, and two long tentacles. They use their tentacles to catch prey. Squid throw their tentacles out to catch their food. Then they use their arms to pull the food into their mouths. They eat fish, other squid, and shrimp. Giant squid can be more than |2 meters long. Work with a partner. Take turns. Say a word with thr, shr, or squ. Your partner points to ; the word Giant squid live deep in the ocean. It’s very dark e there. They have eyes the size of large dinner plates. This helps them see in the deep, dark water. Squid can defend themselves against predators. The squid squirts a dark liquid, like ink. This makes them hard to see Then they can slip away. They can also push water out of their bodies. This moves them backward away from the predator. a << Practice reading words with trigraphs by reading “An Interesting Ocean Animal” with a partneGenre A science article gives information. This one tells how some living things survive. Text Features Look for headings. They tell what the parts of the article are about. heading [ Lights That Help Mushrooms Mushrooms have spores. A spore is like a seed. The mushrooms spit their spores into the air. The wind carries the spores to new places where they grow into new mushrooms. Cae)] } a PACU Dr. Dennis Per PIC ea aC UROL a] ' 'g : rd an)» Set a Purpose Find out how some living things use light to survive. Lights at My Feet | was in a forest in Brazil. Strange lights were all around my feet. They looked like stars on the ground. They were mushrooms! 116 Unit2 Ba celery look different during the day than they do Celauelia BUC celled glow in the dark. glow shineThe mushrooms were bioluminescent. They could make light. lam a scientist. | study mushrooms. | wanted to learn more about them and other living lights. Turn the pages to see what | learned. 4 Here | am studying mushrooms. < Bioluminescent mushrooms scientist person who learns about plants ) Before You Continue coe one 1. Use Text Features Point to the heading. What does it tell you? 2. Make Inferences What do you think Dr. Desjardin wants to leorn about this kind of mushroom? "7Lights That Help Mushrooms Mushrooms have spores. A spore is like a seed. The mushrooms spit their spores into the air. The wind carries the spores to new places where they grow into new mushrooms. Sometimes insects carry spores to new places. Light attracts insects. When they land on the glowing mushrooms, some spores might stick to them. When the insects leave, so do the spores! a seed the port of a plant that makes a new plant 118 Unit 2This mushroom grows on the sides of trees. It is from Australia. 1. Identity Details Why do some insects like bioluminescent mushrooms? 2. Make Inferences What would happen to the mushrooms without the wind or insects?Lights That Invite Insects Some animals make light, too. A glowworm makes sticky threads, like a spider web. It hangs the threads from the tops of caves. The threads make a sticky trap. « A dark cave is a good place for a glowworm’s trap. << glowworm a kind of insect that makes light sticky threads thin strings that hold on to things spider web trap a spider makes caves large holes in or above the ground 120 Unit 2Then the glowworm shines its light. Other insects fly to the light and get stuck in the threads. Then the glowworm eats the insects. Reel tales aS Peta aba elas 4 Glowworm light up this cave. They look like stars. 2. Compare How are glowworms and bioluminescent mushrooms alike?a Lights That Send Messages \ One kind of beetle called a firefly uses light to talk to other fireflies. a 7 ' The light in its tail blinks on and off. Flashing lights help fireflies find other fireflies. 122 Unit 2Sometimes a firefly flashes its light to warn of danger. But most of the time, fireflies are just trying to find each other. A male firefly flashes a light. A female firefly flashes back to answer. They keep flashing until they find each other. Before You Continue flashes shines 1. Details How do fireflies send messages female girl to each other? 2. Compare How is a glowworm like a firefly? How is it different? 123Lights in the Sea Many living lights live in the deep sea. An anglerfish has a rod on its head. The end of the rod glows. It attracts small fish. When a fish swims to the light—SNAP! The anglerfish eats it. 4 This anglerfish uses its light to rod long, thin body part catch fish. 124 Unit2. ) Melia leLce Colmes lotta shapes in the water. surface top of the water > Before You Continue 1. Use Text Features Look at the heading. What is this part of the article about? 2. Predict How might light help some ocean conimals hide from predators?Lights That Hide Animals The anglerfish’s light attracts prey. Other ocean animals use light to escape or hide from predators. Bioluminescent animals are hard to see in the bright water. So the predator moves on. This comb jelly makes light to scare predators. > 4 Some jellyfish are hard to escape get away see in bright water. moves on leaves 126 Unit 2Many animals are bioluminescent. SOM re lL There are many questions left to answer. Trying to find the answers eS WVU olomre teeta VU LatTalk About It CD 1. What did you learn from the science article? Give an example. I learned ___. 2. Explain how the anglerfish (attracts its prey. The anglerfish —__ 3. Why do some living things use light to attract insects? Give two reasons from the article. Others ___ Some living things want insects for. Write About It Animals use light in many different ways. Think of an animal that uses light. What does the animal use light to do? Write a sentence. use light to 128 Unit2Compare How do different animals use light in “Living Lights”? Comparison Chart Hw Uses gt to attract prey glowworm anglerfish to send messages Now use your comparison chart. Gome animale use light ti Tell a partner about the animals These animals include: in “Living Lights.” Fluency Practice reading with the correct phrasing. Rate your reading. 129ae vy) Word Work Use Context Clues When you read a new word, look at all the words around it. These context clues can help you figure out the meaning of the new word. A bright light can attract bugs at night. The bugs want to go near the light. context clues The words “want to go near” give clues about what ‘attract means. OCCU Read these sentences. Look for context clues that tell what the word prey means. ‘Small fish can be prey for large fish. The large fish try to hunt and eat them. 130 Unit2Find out ways living things stand out to survive. Poems often use words to create pictures in your mind. Some poems use rhythm, words that repeat, or words that rhyme, or have the same ending sound. On August nights The firefly lights | | 4 Fireflies use Blink light to send messages, such as “Come here!” ON and OFF ee Leer ay Amongst the trees But have no need For batteries. Clever Creatures Smart Animals > Before You Continue Amongst Around 1. Details How do fireflies send messages? batteries things that store electricity 2. Poetry Point to and say two words in the ti poem that rhyme. What picture do you see in your mind?The Io Moth The Io moth Has mammoth eyes That are not real— They're a disguise "i a | 3 Brew Ua ened ret eemU Cert sae Bete ‘ mammoth very large They're a disguise They are markings that help the moth look like something else ward off scare away 132 Unit 2Rattlesnake Fork in front Rattle behind. The lump in the middle? Don’t pay any mind. Scales up high, Scales down low. The lump in the middle? You don’t want to know. Diamonds above, Diamonds below. The lump in the middle? Arabbit too slow. Don't pay any mind. Do not think about it Scales Hord skin The Diamondback The sound of the snake’s rattle tells other animals to stay away. ¥ eS RE, RN A OR MRS Oa rc) diaimo nd. > Before You Continue 1. Make inferences Why do the lo moth’s markings scare predators away? 2. Clarify What part of the snake is the "fork in front?” 133Respond and Extend Compare Genres How are “Living Lights” and “Clever Creatures” different? How are they the same? Comparison Chart “Clever Creatures” f ___ |Both selections have this feature. Text Features is about animals includes words that rhyme has facts has photographs Only one selection has this feature. has illustrations cit What does it take to survive? Talk with a partner. Ask your partner to name an animal or insect. Then use Key Words to tell your partner about features it uses to survive. 134 Unit2Grammar and Spelling ) Be Verbs be and have Forms of the verbs be and have can be used as helping verbs and as main verbs. For yourself, use When you talk to one or more people, use For one other person or thing, use For yourself and others, use For other people and things, use You can write a subject and a form of be or have in a short way. |am-=I'm she iS = she’s _is ngt = isn't Read Forms of be and have Read these sentences. Find forms of be and have. Mushrooms have spores. A spore is like a seed. Many animals are bioluminescent. Others aren't. Write Forms of be and have @ Write two sentences about a plant or animal that makes light. Use forms of be and have. 135ing Project Write Like a Scientist Write an Article o Write an article that compares how two animals survive. Add your article to a class science magazine. Study a Model An article gives facts about a topic. Read Kate's article about what porcupines and sea urchins do to survive. Bristly Beasts by Kate Petrie The topic sentence tells Both the Al porcupines and sea urchins use spikes me . to protect themselves. The BOREUBNG has SHABGUINTATIS «Theat ail. When a hungry coyote comes by, compares the porcupine turns and ea . The quills stick. The gives (fats) coyote leaves in a hurry! for each In the oceans, also use animal spikes. The When anything touches the urchin, it Even hungry animals back off! 136 Unit2Prewrite 1. Choose a Topic Talk with a partner. Think of interesting animals to write about. Choose two animals that fit into a group because of how they protect themselves. My favorite animal is 2. Get Organized Porcupines and sea urchins fit into a group. They are both animals with spikes. Use a comparison chart to show how your animals fit into a group. sounds interesting Tell me why you like it Comparison Chart Animals with Spikes Porcupines and Sea Urchins How they use spikes | * move spikes toward other animals * scare away the animals What the spikes are | * sharp like * can stick in other animals Draft Use your comparison chart to write a draft. © Write a topic sentence that tells your main idea. © Turn your details into sentences that explain how each animal protects itself. 137g Project, continuea Revise 1. 2: 138 Unit2 Read, Retell, Respond Read your draft aloud to a partner. Your partner retells what you wrote about. Next, talk about ways to make your writing better. The first animal survives by Make Changes Think about your partner's ideas. Use revision marks to make your changes. * Make sure your topic sentence clearly tells your main idea. Did you know that some animals use spikes to protect themselves? xtimals-havete-proteet themseiv63— Add plenty of facts and details to develop the main idea. hungry turnsand with its tail When a coyote comes by, the porcupine slaps it in the face. A i“ ae ASpelling Tip Use an apostrophe for contractions with not, such as Edit and Proofread Work with a partner to edit and proofread didn’t, haven't, your article. Pay special attention to action and weren‘t. and helping verbs. did + not = didn't On Your Own Make a final copy of your article. Read it to a friend. Presentation Tips Pronounce all important | Take notes about what words clearly. you hear. Pause after each Compare what you important detail. hear to what you | already know. With a Group Make a science magazine that has all of your articles. How Animals Include a picture of each animal. Survive Use a computer to design a cover for your magazine. 139(?) BIG What does it take Question Wasd survive? Together In this unit, you found lots of answers to the Big Question. Now, use your concept map to discuss the Big Question with the class. Concept Map hide 7 What do AL ving things do to survive? / e-- . 140 Unit 2Share Your Ideas Choose one of these ways to share your ideas about the Big Question. Play Animal Concentration Write ways animals survive on one set of cards. Write the names of different animals and insects on another set of cards. Mix the cards and turn them over. Match the animals to the ways they survive. Write a Scientific Log Pretend you are a scientist. You are studying an animal from one of the selections. Draw the animal. Describe what it does to survive. October 12 Today, I studied the amazing Io moth Talk About It! Make a Riddle Choose an animal from one of the selections. Tell your partner a riddle about it. See if your partner can guess the animal. Tam bright and hang : in anes What om 1 — = Make a Nature Show Pretend to make a TV show. It is about amazing animals and how they survive. Choose the animals. Then plan the show and work with classmates to present it. 141