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Tutorial Set 3

This document provides 10 problems related to determining whether given sets are vector spaces or subspaces. The problems cover concepts like defining vector addition and scalar multiplication, determining if subsets satisfy the properties of vector spaces or subspaces, and analyzing sets of sequences, functions, matrices and polynomials.

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Marcus Kusi
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101 views2 pages

Tutorial Set 3

This document provides 10 problems related to determining whether given sets are vector spaces or subspaces. The problems cover concepts like defining vector addition and scalar multiplication, determining if subsets satisfy the properties of vector spaces or subspaces, and analyzing sets of sequences, functions, matrices and polynomials.

Uploaded by

Marcus Kusi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

STAT 339

TUTORIAL SET 3
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS AND ACTUARIAL SCIENCE

March, 2022

  
x
1. Dene W = : xy >= 0 . Decide if W is a vector space and prove
y
your claim.
(Hint: W is the union of the rst and third quadrants in the xy−plane).
2. Let S be the set of all sequences of real numbers: S = {x = (x1 , x2 , ...)|xi ∈
R}.
a. Show that S is a vector space.
b. Consider the subset T of S to be the set of real sequences that are
"eventually zero" :
T = {x ∈ S|∃n ∈ N : xi = 0, ∀i ≥ n}.

Decide if T is a subspace of S and prove your claim.


     
1  2 1 
3. Determine if the vector 0 is in the span of the set  1  , −1 .
3 −1 1
 

4. Consider the vector space V of real-valued functions of a single variable.


Determine if the following sets are subspaces of V :
a. He , the set of even functions in V.
b. Ho , the set of odd functions in V.
  

 a + 2b 

2c − a
 
5. Let W be the set of all vectors of the form 

  : a, b, c ∈ R. .

 b+c  

4c
 
Show that W is a subspace of R4 .
Hint: Write W as the span of a set of vectors in R4 .
6. Determine if the following statements are true or false :
a. If U and W are subspaces of V, then U W is a subspace of V.
S

b. If U and W are subspaces of V, then U W is a subspace of V.


T

c. All lines in R2 are subspaces of R2 .


d. The set consisting of the zero vector is a vector space.

1
e. R2 is a subspace of R3 .
7. Show that the positive quadrant Q = {(x, y)|x, y > 0} ⊂ R2 forms a vector
space if we dene addition by :
(x1 , y1 ) + (x2 , y2 ) = (x1 × x2 , y1 × y2 )

and scalar multiplication by


t(x, y) = (xt , y t ),

where xi , yi ∈ R for i ∈ 1, 2 and t ∈ R.


8. Let S = {(x1 , x2 , x3 )|xi ∈ R, 1 ≤ i ≤ 3}. For (x1 , x2 , x3 ), (y1 , y2 , y3 ) ∈ S
and µ ∈ R, dene vector addition and scalar multiplication by:
a. (x1 , x2 , x3 )+(y1 , y2 , y3 ) = (y1 , x2 +y2 , y3 ) and µ(x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (µx1 , µx2 , µx3 ).
b. (x1 , x2 , x3 )+(y1 , y2 , y3 ) = (x1 +y1 , x2 +y2 , x3 +y3 ) and µ(x1 , x2 , x3 ) =
(x1 , 1, x3 ).
In each of the above cases, determine whether or not S is a vector space
over R under the given operations.
9. Decide whether the following subsets of the vector space M23 (R) are sub-
spaces.
 
a b c
a. { |a = 2c + 1}.
d e f
 
a b c
b. { |a + c = 0, b + d + f = 0}.
d e f
 
0 1 a
c. { }.
b c 0

10. Determine which of the following subsets of P2 (R) are subspaces.The set
of all polynomials of the form a2 t2 + a1 t + ao for which:
a. a0 = 0.
b. a0 = 1.
c. a1 + a2 = a0 .

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