Georgian College

Flight Lab - Module Three

Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will have a firm
understanding of:

● Pre-flight Planning
○ Weather and NOTAM review

○ Map Preparation

○ Altitude Selection

○ Completing the Navigation Log

Lesson Three - Navigation
○ Filing a flight plan

○ Weight and Balance

● Departure Procedures

● Enroute Procedures

● Arrival Procedures
 The first step to a cross country flight is always

Navigation
checking the weather and NOTAMs for your
intended route.

If you review the weather and it is not suitable for

your flight you have a couple options. First, decide
if a new destination is an option. Maybe you just
wanted to get out for a flight and the destination
doesn’t really matter, pick a destination with nicer
weather, if possible.

If you had to get to a certain place for reason such

Pre-Flight Planning
as a meeting, then your option is to reschedule the
flight or try to delay it until the weather improves.

There have been many accidents caused by

Get-home-itis.

NOTAMs will tell you if there are any issues

affecting your route such as airspace restrictions or
runway closures.
 If the weather looks good and there are no
Navigation NOTAMs that will affect your flight, the next step is
to start preparing your map.
Pre-Flight Planning
For this example, let’s say we are flying from CYLS
to Muskoka.

Step 1. Determine a good set heading point.

* A set heading point is a known reference point to start the
enroute phase of your flight. Ideally you will be at your cruising
height with the power properly set prior to arriving here.

Step 2. Draw a line from your set heading point to

your destination.

Step 3. Draw 10° Drift lines from your set heading

point and your destination.

Step 4. Circle or highlight any obstacle with 5nm of

your track that may pose a hazard to your flight.
Ie. Tall towers or restricted airspace.
For this cross country we have chosen Bass Lake
as our set heading point. We will visually fly to here
after takeoff.

You can see here that we have drawn our trackline

using a solid yellow line.

Our 10° drift lines are drawn using a dashed cyan

colour. It is important to differentiate these line so
you don’t end up following the wrong line once you
are in the air.

You can also see that we have used a red circle to

identify a blasting area and numerous airports
along our route.
Navigation Determine Cruising Altitude

There are a number of factors that go into

Pre-Flight Planning determining the cruising altitude for a specific flight.

For many new pilots, remaining close to the ground

in order to maintain good visual reference is
important.

As pilots gain experience, things like cruising altitude

orders, weather, upper winds and overall distance to
travel start to play a role in this determination.

The cruising altitude orders state that because we

are travelling between 0° and 179° we should be at
an odd thousand +500’. So for this flight we will
climb to an altitude of 3500’. It’s not a long trip so
climbing to a higher altitude would increase time and
fuel burn without giving any real advantage.
 Completing the Navigation Log

Navigation
First we need to fill in the climb leg information. We have
decided to use Bass Lake as our set heading point. Now
we need to determine what our time, fuel and distance
Pre-Flight Planning to climb is. We can find this information using a table
provided by Cessna in the POH.

Step 1. Find the time required to climb to 3500’ - 6min

Step 2. Because we are not climbing from sea level, we

need to subtract the time indicated by the airport
elevation, in this case, 1000’ - 2 min.

Step 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for Fuel Used and Distance.

Next, we take this information and plug it into the

Navigation log.

You’ll also notice that much of the information for the

climb leg is crossed out, this is because you will be
doing a visual climb to the set heading point.
 CYLS Bass Lake N/A Climb ---- Full ---- ---- 78 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 6 4 ---- 1.0
Bass Lake Muskoka 3500’
Navigation Completing the Navigation Log

In order to complete this cross country flight, there is

Pre-Flight Planning some information that we need from the Pilot
Operating Handbook (POH).

From the POH we determine:

Aircraft TAS: 101 kts

Fuel burn at 3500’: 6.4 GPH

Next, we take this information and plug it into the

Navigation log.
 CYLS Bass Lake N/A Climb ---- Full ---- ---- 78 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 6 4 ---- 1.0
Bass Lake Muskoka 3500’ 101 6.4
MOCA stands for Minimum Obstacle Clearance
Altitude. It is also sometime referred to as an MEF
or Maximum Elevation Figure.

We want to find the highest MOCA along our route

and record this on the nav log. From this we will
know that as long as we remain above this altitude,
there is no risk of collision with any ground based
obstacles.

Scane all of the quadrants that your route enters

and find the highest MOCA.

Our route only enters on Quadrant so our MOCA is

1500’

Also note that the variation for this route would be

11°W
 CYLS Bass LakeN/A Climb ---- Full ---- ---- 78 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 6 4 ---- 1.0
Bass Lake Muskoka 1500 3500’ 101 11 6.4
Navigation Completing the Navigation Log

Next, we need to obtain the current and forecast

Pre-Flight Planning weather for our flight.

This can be done using Nav Canada’s Aviation

Weather Website.

https://flightplanning.navcanada.ca/cgi-bin/CreePag
e.pl?Langue=anglais&NoSession=NS_Inconnu&Page
=forecast-observation&TypeDoc=html

Step 1. Click on Upper Winds (FD’s)

Step 2. Select Ontario-Quebec

Step 3. Click Get the FD’s

Navigation Completing the Navigation Log

For this cross country, the Wiarton reporting station

Pre-Flight Planning will be the closest to our route.

STN YVV - WIARTON. ONT For Use 3000 6000 9000 12000 18000

FDCN01 CWAO FCST BASED ON 180000 DATA VALID 05-09 2616 2911+09 3308+01 3415-04 3631-14
180600

FDCN02 CWAO FCST BASED ON 180000 DATA VALID 09-18 2916 3210+09 3410+01 3212-02 3625-14
181200

FDCN03 CWAO FCST BASED ON 180000 DATA VALID 18-05 2509 2211+11 1710+04 9900+01 3311-12
190000

If we were to depart at 1600Z or 12:00 EST, the

winds we would use would be 290@16kts.

Calculate temperature based on 9° @ 6000’

9°+5° (2°/1000’) = 14° @ 3500’

We can now plug that into our Nav log.

 CYLS Bass LakeN/A Climb ----Full---- ---- 78 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 6 4 ---- 1.0
Bass Lake Muskoka 1500 3500’ 14 2300 101 290/16 11 6.4
Navigation From here, you simply use your flight computer to
work your way through the remaining empty fields on
Pre-Flight Planning the nav log.

The true track will be measured using your protractor

and the distance will be measured using an ICAO
chart ruler.
 CYLS Bass LakeN/A Climb ----Full---- ---- 78 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 6 4 ---- 1.0
Bass Lake Muskoka 1500 3500’ 14 2300 101 95 96 021 290/16 12 11 23 23 100 24 15 6.4 1.6
 Complete the weight and balance using charts in the

Navigation POH (on the next 2 slides) and the steps taught in
Module 1.
Pre-Flight Planning To recap:

Assume the pilot weighs 190 lbs and the passenger

weighs 200 lbs. We will be taking full fuel for this
flight, 38 Gallons.

1420.6 56208.24
390 14500

---- ----
---- ----

---- ----
1810.6 70708.24
228 11000
2038.6 81708.24
-6.6 -350
2032.0 81358.24
When we plot out total aircraft
weight and moment on this chart
you can see that we are well within
the operating flight envelope.

We could also calculate our centre

of gravity using the formula:

Weight x Arm = Moment

Solving for Arm we get:

81,358.24 = C of G
2032

C of G = 40.04” aft
 Remembering the Acronym ITPAID will help you with most of you
radio calls.

Required Radio Calls for Uncontrolled I – Identification (Who you are. Ex-GGUC)
Airports
T – Type (What are you. Ex. C-172)

P – Position (Where are you. Ex. 1 Mile South of Orr Lake)

A – Altitude (How high are you. Ex. 3500’)

I – Intentions (What are you going to do. Ex. Inbound for landing)

D – Destination (Where are you going. Ex. Lake Simcoe Regional)

Unicom – used when requiring information

Examples – Airport Advisory, radio checks

Traffic – used when providing information

Examples – Providing your position
Required Radio Calls for Uncontrolled After Engine Start:
Airports Pilot: (Airport) Unicom, this is (Type) , (Registration) ,
Requesting a Radio Check and Airport Advisory.

Ex. Lake Simcoe Unicom, this is Cessna 172, GGUJ,

Requesting a radio check and airport advisory

Unicom: (Registration), I read you x (Hopefully 5x5). Winds are

@ KTS, favouring runway , Local Traffic is
(Any other traffic) , Altimeter Setting (If Available)

Pilot: Altimeter (Repeat), (Registration)

 Before Take-Off:

Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Type) , (Registration) , taking position

Required Radio Calls for Uncontrolled
(or) backtracking runway .
Airports
Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ, taking position (Backtracking)
runway 10

Clearing the Circuit:

Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Type) , (Registration) , Clear of the

circuit to the at (Altitude) , (Intentions) .

Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ, clear of the circuit

Clearing the Zone:

Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Type) , (Registration) , Clear of

the zone (Position) , at (Altitude) , (Intentions) .

Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ, clear of the zone to the north at
3500’, going to be practicing upper air work in the Orr Lake
area.
 In the Practice Area:

Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Type) , (Registration) , In the

Required Radio Calls for Uncontrolled
(Practice Area) , at (Altitude) , practicing upper air work.
Airports
Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ, in the practice area at 3500’
practicing upper air work.

Leaving the Practice Area:

Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Registration) , (Position) , (Altitude)

, (Intentions) , (Destination).

Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ in the Orr lake practice area at
3500’ inbound for landing at lake Simcoe.

Entering the Zone:

Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Registration) , (Position) , (Altitude)

, (Intentions) , (Destination).

Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ 5 miles north of the field

descending to 2000’, going to cross over for a mid-left
downwind runway 28.
 Crossing Over the Runway:

Required Radio Calls for Uncontrolled Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Registration) , (Position) , (Intentions)

Airports Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ, crossing over the field for a mid-left
downwind runway 28

Joining the Circuit:

Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Registration) , (Position – Downwind,

mid-downwind) .

Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ, joining the mid-left downwind

runway 28

Turning Final:

Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Registration) , (Position) , (Intentions -

full stop, touch and go, stop and go) .

Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ, turning final runway 28, full stop
 Backtracking:

Required Radio Calls for Uncontrolled Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Registration) , (Intentions) .

Airports Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ, Backtracking runway 28

Clear of the Runway:

Pilot: (Airport) Traffic, (Registration) , (Position)

Ex. Lake Simcoe Traffic, GGUJ, Clear the active, Runway 28

 That concludes the ground portion for Flight Lab module 3.

Conclusion If after reviewing this you have any questions, we suggest

you write them down and bring them with you to your
lesson. Your instructor will be happy to go over them with
you.

Remember to check the schedule often at:

https://ontarioflightcentre.ca/georgian-college/

Due to a number of factors, your flight may get changed.

If you are not feeling well on the day you are scheduled for
flight lab or if you suspect you may have come in contact
with Covid-19, please notify us as soon as possible and try
to switch with another student.

We look forward to seeing you soon.