CONCEPT OF RECREATION

NATURE AND BACKGROUND OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY

ACCORDING TO CLAYNE JENSEN THERE ARE THREE (3) PARTS OF THE DAY:
1. EXISTENCE TIME – TIME SPENT FOR BIOLOGICAL NEEDS LIKE HAVING A MEAL, SLEEPING AND OTHER PERSONAL
CARE
2. SUBSISTENCE TIME - THE HOURS SPENT FOR ECONOMIC PURPOSES SUCH AS GOING TO WORK, CHORES, AND ETC.
3. FREE TIME – ALL THE REMAINING TIME AFTER.
Recreation is derived from the Latin word “recreare” which means to be refreshed. Choices for recreation varies from
person to person. What makes one happy may not be so for others.
2 TYPES OF RECREATION
 OUTDOOR RECREATION - It is an organized activities done during one’s free time for individual reasons,
needs, or interests where a certain interaction takes place between man and an element of nature is present.
It provides opportunities for people to be active, relax, develop friendships, spend time as a family, be
challenged and develop new skills and abilities – both physical and mental.
 BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR RECREATION
 PHYSICAL BENEFITS - Being outdoors prevents a person from having a sedentary life. It allows
people to move, whether by walking, running, swimming, biking, paddling, etc.
 PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL BENEFITS - Engaging in outdoor recreational activities helps people to rest,
relax, de-stress or unwind, and feel revitalized.
 SOCIAL BENEFITS - Spending time outdoors also allows a person to meet and interact with others
who share the same passion for outdoor recreation, helping form lasting friendships and a sense
of community.
 ECONOMIC BENEFITS - People who have a relaxed body and mind tend to be more productive at
work. This explains the efficiency at the workplace
 SPIRITUAL BENEFITS - Positive outdoor experience can stir up spiritual values. Being one with
nature brings certain calmness within a person. It strengthens an individual as it heals,
rejuvenates, and soothes the body and soul.
 INDOOR RECREATION - It is a large scale indoor recreational use such as, but not limited to: skating rinks,
bowling alleys, health clubs & fitness centers providing a wide variety of sport and fitness services, multi-
court gymnasiums not accessory to an educational institution, multi-court racket clubs, sports arenas, large
pools and similar uses. It is also includes board games, house party, theaters and many more.
 BENEFITS OF INDOOR RECREATION
 CREATES HAPPINESS, REDUCES STRESS - Laughing together and having fun can keep us happy
and healthy. Indoor games and activities also play an important part in helping us manage the
level of Stress we possess. The fun, joy, and happiness lowers the level of stress and prepares us
once again to face the tough daily routines of our life.
 FUN AND ENTERTAINMENT - The first and foremost benefit is the fun part and joy that we derive
out of such activities, especially because of the busy and hectic life style that most people have
these days it is really important to have some fun time.
 PHYSICAL FITNESS - Indoor games and activities are also a very good way of keeping ourselves fit
and in a good physique not only by the physical activity that we perform but also keeps our mind
active with brain activity that we have to do while playing video and simulation games.
 HEALTH - The health aspect of indoor games and activities is also a big advantage as it helps keep
our muscles and bones strong. It manages the flow of blood in our body and reduces the risk of
cardiac diseases, depression, and weight gain while improving our memory and mental health.
 SOCIALIZING - The indoor games and activities not only helps us spend more time with our
existing friends and family but also provides us opportunity to meet new people and get new
friends. These are some of the basic and realistic facts and benefits that encourage most of the
people today to visit places that offer indoor activities in a safe and healthy environment for
families and individuals.
REASONS PEOPLE ENGAGE IN OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY
 Some do it for personal satisfaction and enjoyment. Perhaps, it is a time away from the day-to-day routine.
  Others do it to be in touch with nature, which they rarely have the chance to do, especially for those who
reside in highly urbanized areas.
 Many do it for personal pursuit such as photography, collecting sea shells, reaching the top of Mt. Apo,
conquering the rapids of Cagayan River, or attaining a certain fitness level.
 Some individuals or groups do it as part of outdoor or environmental education, such as bird watching, plant
naming, etc.
7 PRINCIPLES OF LEAVE NO TRACE
PRINCIPLE 1: PLAN AHEAD AND PREPARE
 Before going to the place, check if our planned activity is permitted. Make sure to know the rules, guidelines,
and safety procedures they have set. Some places require certain permits or clearances.
 Make sure you have the needed equipment for your activity and the skills needed to undertake the activity
 Plan how to cope in case emergency arises
 Check the weather forecast and be prepared for changing weather conditions
 Learn when areas are most crowded and try to avoid those times
 To minimize environmental impacts and for safety reasons, keep group number small
 Repack food to minimize wastes.
 When trekking, maps and compass must be used to avoid markings or leaving of marks on rocks and the like.
PRINCIPLE 2: TRAVEL AND CAMP ON DURABLE SURFACES
 Walk, run, bike or camp on durable surfaces like established tracks, rocks, gravel and dry grasses
 Avoid walking on soft surfaces like soft plants. You might be trampling on a younger tree or pasture and this
will cause vegetation damage
 Use existing trails or campsites, no need to build a new campsite that will alter the environment
 To avoid erosion, walk in single file in the middle of the trail Avoid places where impacts are just beginning to
show
 When camping, keep the campsite small and discreet
 Camp at least 200 feet from lakes and rivers to protect the waters
PRINCIPLE 3: WASTE DISPOSAL
 “Pack it in, pack it out” means everything you brought back with you including left-over foods or fruit peel.
Nothing should be left
 When camping, cat holes are dug (6-8 inches deep) for human wastes and cover just the same with soil and
weeds or leaves on top
 Dishes should be washed 200 feet away from lakes or rivers and use biodegradable soap. Scatter strained
dishwater.
PRINCIPLE 4: LEAVE WHAT YOU FIND
 Examine archaeological structures, old walls, and other heritage artifacts but do not touch nor leave marks
on them
 Leave nature as you found them. Do not take any plant, rock, plants, or marine animal with you.
 Avoid introducing non-native plants and animals.
 Do not build structures, furniture or dig trenches
PRINCIPLE 5: MINIMIZE CAMPFIRE IMPACTS
 Use lightweight stove for cooking; campfires can cause lasting impacts
 If fires are permitted, use fire rings or mound fires that are already set up
 Keep fires small and use only sticks from the ground that can be broken by hand
 No burning of plastics or other substances that emit toxic fumes
 Burn all wood to ash and make sure fires are completely out. Scatter the cool ash
PRINCIPLE 6: RESPECT WILDLIFE
 Observe wild animals from the distance and they should be avoided during sensitive times such as mating,
resting or raising the young
 Do not feed wild animals or birds as it is not their natural food. The food might damage their health or alter
their natural behaviours and even expose them to predators
 Protect wildlife and protect your food as well by storing and securing the trash well o
  In case you decided to bring your pets along, make sure it is allowed and you can control them. Otherwise,
do not bring them with you.
PRINCIPLE 7: BE CONSIDERATE WITH OTHER VISITORS
 Respect people who live and work in the countryside
 Respect other visitors and let them have a momentous experience as well
 Allow the sound of nature prevail, not your noise or your radio
 Be courteous; yield to others on a trail
 Camp away from trails and other visitors
Photography As Outdoor Recreational Activities
The first ever photograph - The Niépce Heliograph was made in 1827, during this period of fervent experimentation.
It is the earliest photograph produced with the aid of the camera obscura known to survive today.
Who invented the First Photograph?
 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce - commonly known or referred to simply as Nicéphore Niépce, was a French
inventor, usually credited with the invention of photography
 Henry Fox Talbot - An English scientist, inventor, and photography pioneer who invented the salted paper and
calotype processes, precursors to photographic processes of the later 19th and 20th centuries.
 Louis Daguerre - A French artist and photographer, recognized for his invention of the eponymous
daguerreotype process of photography.
The Outdoor Recreational Activity
 Outdoor recreation refers to leisure activities that take place in a natural setting and benefit the body,
mind and/or spirit. Examples are hiking, fishing, biking, and wildlife viewing.
What are some of the most popular outdoor activities?
Running, jogging or trail-running is generally the most popular outdoor recreation activity. Other popular
outdoor activities include:
 Biking
 Hiking
 Camping
 Fishing
 Hunting
 Rafting
Outdoor photography - All about capturing moments that mean something to you. The very appeal of taking
photographs outdoors can come down to many things such as the vivid colours around you, the weather, the lighting
and even the subject you are taking.
Benefits of Photography - Photography has many benefits and a part of art that captures memories and lifetime
events. Ever since time immemorial, artists have used pictures to describe a person’s emotions, mentality and
physical state at a given moment.
How is Photography a recreational Activity?
Photography can be a fun pastime and creative outlet for many. It can also positively influence your health in
numerous ways! Photography can be a fun hobby to pick up and a very popular art form to get into. It allows you to
capture an image of the world around you, showing others your particular point of view
The reason why outdoor photography is important
It broadens our mind and allow us to take things in a different and positive way. You are likely to create some
beautiful moments while taking photographs of the nature. Taking a perfect is not an easy task. There are so many
things which should be working for you.
STONE PAINTING
Rock art - The term 'rock art' refers to symbols or marks with no obvious purpose that has been painted or engraved
onto natural rock surfaces. People have been creating rock art all around the world for over 40,000 years.
The 3 forms of Rock Art
 Petroglyphs (carved rock art)
 Pictographs (painted rock art)
 Earth figures (large surface scrapings)
Pictographs and Petroglyphs
Rock art is generally divided in two categories: carving sites (petroglyphs) and paintings sites (pictographs).
Petroglyphs - They can be made by carving designs and pictures into a rock on the ground (large petroglyphs that you
can walk on), or by stacking rocks to form a picture or pattern.
Pictographs - are paintings that were made by applying red ochre or, less commonly, black, white or yellow dye.
Although the majority of the images were traced with the finger, some could be executed with brushes made of
animal or vegetal fibers.
A single site may have art that dates to several different centuries. Rock art may have played a role in prehistoric
religion, possibly in connection with ancient myths or the activities of shamans. Important sites are in Europe, Asia,
Africa, Australia, and North and South America.
Tools and techniques - Rock artists used a number of techniques and materials. To draw or paint, they made
pigments from finely ground clay, minerals, or charcoal. Artists applied pigments as solids, the way chalk is applied to
a blackboard, or blew pigment onto a surface through a pipe.
In addition, they bound pigments with;
 water,
 urine,
 animal blood,
 plant juices,
 or egg yolk and applied the mixture to surfaces by using their fingers or brushes made from animal hair,
 feathers,
 or split sticks.
Cave painting in Europe
The earliest known European figurative cave paintings are those of Chauvet Cave in France, dating to earlier than
30,000 BC in the Upper Paleolithic according to radiocarbon dating. Some researchers believe the drawings are too
advanced for this era and question this age.
Rock art in Asia
The cave paintings in Europe were long considered to be the earliest examples of figurative art, but discoveries
reported in the 21st century called that assumption into question. Archaeologists were able to date cave paintings in
Indonesia to some 40,000 years ago. The works include a trio of cow like creatures on the island of Borneo and a
massive hunting scene on the island of Celebes (Sulawesi).
Africa
Rock art in Africa is diverse in subject, technique, and age. Archaeologists have found paintings and engravings of
humans, animals, and geometric patterns within caves and on exposed rocks. Because art on exposed rocks can wear
away over time, many old examples of African rock art may have been lost.
Australia
The first humans arrived in Australia approximately 65,000 years ago, and archaeologists have dated Aboriginal rock
art to some 30,000 years ago, but there may be older sites on the continent. Australian Aboriginal rock art
encompasses many styles and subjects, including handprints and images of animals, humans, and spirit figures, some
of which tell stories about how earth and people were created.
North and South America
Both North America and South America contain rock art in various forms. Native Americans in the western and
southwestern parts of what is now the United States left many petroglyphs.
Cave Art
Cave art, generally, the numerous paintings and engravings found in caves and shelters dating back to the Ice Age
(Upper Paleolithic), roughly between 40,000 and 14,000 years ago. See also rock art. The first painted cave
acknowledged as being Paleolithic, meaning from the Stone Age, was Altamira in Spain.
The cave paintings were created between 43,000 and 65,000 years ago, 20,000 years before modern humans arrived
in Europe. In 2018, researched announced the discovery of the oldest known cave paintings, made by Neanderthals
at least 64,000 years ago, in the Spanish caves of La Pasiega, Maltravieso and Ardales.
Lascaux Paintings
Nicknamed “the prehistoric Sistine Chapel”, the Lascaux Caves are a cave complex in southwestern France decorated
with some of the most impressive and famous cave paintings in the world. The Lascaux paintings are estimated to be
17,000 years old
THE BASICS OF PHOTOGRAPHY
“WE ARE MAKING PHOTOGRAPHS TO UNDERSTAND WHAT OUR LIVES MEAN TO US.” – RALPH HATTERSLEY
Photography is the story I fail to put into words. – DESTIN SPARKS
WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY?
- Photography is the art of producing an image by recording light with a camera. Digital cameras and editing
software create lots of possibilities for the photos you’ll be able to produce if you choose to study
photography. In this overview, you’ll learn more about what photography is, what it can do, who uses it, and
how to learn it so you can determine how to add this skill to your professional toolbox.
WHY PHOTOGRAPHY?
As a hobby
- Photography adds so much value to our lives – by recording special events, people, and places, while also
helping us learn and grow as people. It allows you to share your life and experiences in meaningful ways, and
it allows you to engage and have fun with other people.
As an Art Form
- Photography as an art form arose from advancements in technology which allowed photographers to
manipulate their images to fit their artistic expression. Photographers are able to drastically change the
outcome of an image through choosing various cameras, lenses, film, and the framing and timing of a shot.
As Communication
- In a communication process, photograph is used as medium of persuasion as it controls the emotions of the
reviewer. The production of an image in communicating with its viewers undergoes a critical process.
TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHY
 PORTRAIT PHOTOGRAPHY - Portrait photography is about capturing the essence, personality, identity and
attitude of a person utilizing backgrounds, lighting and posing.
 LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY - Landscape photography shows the spaces within the world, sometimes vast
and unending, but other times microscopic. Landscape photographs typically capture the presence of nature
but can also focus on man-made features or disturbances of landscapes.
 WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHY - Wildlife photography is a genre of photography concerned with documenting
various forms of wildlife in their natural habitat.
 BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPHY - Black and white portrait photography is a dramaticwaytocapture
[Link] is often considered an old-fashioned medium, black and white pictures
areincreasinglypopular.
 STREET PHOTOGRAPHY - Street photography at its essence means candid photography of humanity. A street
photograph is a real moment.
 FASHION PHOTOGRAPHY - Fashion photography is a genre of photography which is devoted to displaying
clothing and other fashion items, sometimes haute couture. It typically consists of a fashion photographer
taking a picture of a dressed model in a photographic studio or an outside setting
 SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY - Sports photography is the art of documenting sports, athletic activities, and
athletes. The photographers stand on the sidelines, capturing the action as it unfolds on the pitch, court, or
track. Sports photography is big business. And the photos are used in newspapers, magazines, and online
publications.
 FOOD PHOTOGRAPHY – Food photography is an area of photography where food is photographed as the
main subject for still images
 ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY - Astrophotography, also known as astronomical imaging, is the photography or
imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events, or areas of the night sky
 PHOTOJOURNALISM - a form of journalism which tells a news story through powerful photography
BASIC SHOOTING GUIDE PHOTOGRAPHY VS. TAKING PICTURES
RULES OF COMPOSITION
 FRAMING - Framing in photography refers to the process of composing a picture. It involves choosing what
you 'll include in the frame and what you 'll leave out. The goal is to create a pleasing composition that
directs the viewer's attention to the subject matter.
  LEADING LINES - are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the
photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest. These lines often draw the
viewer's eye in a specific direction or towards a designated portion of the photograph.
 RULES OF THIRDS - the rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right
third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open. While there are other forms of composition, the
rule of thirds generally leads to compelling and well composed shots.
 CROPPING - It means the trimming of the original photo. Cropping a photo is used to adjust the photo to a
certain format or to improve its composition. Cropping a photo is often used to remove an unwanted detail
from the image.
TRAITS OF A GREAT PHOTOGRAPHER
 CREATIVE
 HAS TECHNICAL SKILLS
 PATIENT
CONTROL EXPOSURE
 APERTURE - Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated
in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16.
 SHUTTER SPEED - Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like: It's the speed at which the shutter of the
camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in —
and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer [Link] are communication tools
that can be used as demonstrations, lectures, speeches, reports.
 ISO - SO refers to the sensitivity of the camera's sensor. The ISO setting is one of three elements used to
control exposure; the other two are f/stop and shutter speed. ISO originally referred to the sensitivity of film
—it's "light gathering" ability.