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Pathological Reflexes

This document summarizes 13 pathologic reflexes of the lower extremity (LE) and 5 of the upper extremity (UE). It lists the reflex name, how it is elicited, what constitutes a positive response, and the underlying pathology. Some key reflexes included are: 1) Babinski - extension of big toe with fanning of others, indicates pyramidal tract lesion. 2) Hoffman's sign - flexion of thumb/index finger, suggests increased sensory nerve irritability. 3) Palmomental reflex - contraction of mentalis and orbicularis oris muscles, indicates cerebral pathology.

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Nilo Carmelo Lumanog
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1K views2 pages

Pathological Reflexes

This document summarizes 13 pathologic reflexes of the lower extremity (LE) and 5 of the upper extremity (UE). It lists the reflex name, how it is elicited, what constitutes a positive response, and the underlying pathology. Some key reflexes included are: 1) Babinski - extension of big toe with fanning of others, indicates pyramidal tract lesion. 2) Hoffman's sign - flexion of thumb/index finger, suggests increased sensory nerve irritability. 3) Palmomental reflex - contraction of mentalis and orbicularis oris muscles, indicates cerebral pathology.

Uploaded by

Nilo Carmelo Lumanog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Pathologic Reflexes of the Extremities

Pathologic Reflexes of the UE

Reflex Elicitation Positive Response Pathology

1. Gordon’s sign Compression of the Extension of fingers Pyramidal tract


radial side of pisiform lesion
bone

2. Hoffman’s (Digital) sign Elicited by flicking the Flexion of distal Increased irritability
terminal phalanx of phalanx of thumb and of sensory nerves in
index, middle or ring of distal phalanx of tetany
finger index or middle finger

3. Souque’s phenomenon Elicited by elevating Abduction and Cerebral


the affected arm extension of the fingers hemispheric lesion
of the elevated arm

4. Strumpell’s pronation sign Elicited by horizontal Inward rotation of the Pyramidal tract
abduction of arms, limb lesion
supination of hands,
and extension of
elbows and fingers

5. Palmomental reflex Elicited by stroking the Contraction of the Cerebral pathology


hypothenar eminence mentalis and
in a proximal lesion Obicularis Oris

Pathologic Reflexes of the LE

Reflex Elicitation Positive Response Pathology

6. Babinski Elicited by stroking of Extension of big toe Pyramidal tract


the lateral aspect of and fanning of four lesion
sole small toes

Normal response for


newborns

7. Chaddock’s Elicited by stroking the Extension of big toe Pyramidal tract


lateral side of foot and fanning of four lesion
beneath lateral small toes
malleolus

8. Oppenheim’s Elicited by stroking the Extension of big toe Pyramidal tract


anteromedial surface and fanning of four lesion
of tibia from small toes
intrapatellar region to
ankle

9. Gordon’s Elicited by squeezing Extension of big toe Pyramidal tract


calf muscles firmly and fanning of four lesion
small toes

10. Piotrowski’s Elicited by percussion Dorsiflexion and Organic disease of


of tibialis anterior supination of foot Central Nervous
System

11. Brudzinski Elicited by passive Similar movement Meningitis


flexion of neck and one occurring on the
lower limb contralateral side

12. Rossolimo’s Elicited by tapping the Plantar flexion of the Pyramidal tract
plantar surface of the toes lesion
toe

13. Schaeffer’s Elicited by pinching the Flexion of foot and Organic Hemiplegia
middle third of Achilles toes
tendon

14. Gonda’s sign Elicited by flexion of Extensor plantar reflex Pyramidal tract
four toe and release it lesion
immediately

References:

Physical Rehabilitation by Susan Sullivan 6th Edition

Orthopedic Physical Assessment by Magee 6th Edition

https://www.physio-pedia.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/

Pathologic Reflexes of the UE Reflex Elicitation Positive Response Pathology 1. Gordon’s sign Compression of the radial side
ankle 9. Gordon’s Elicited by squeezing calf muscles firmly Extension of big toe and fanning of four small toes Pyramidal

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