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Bounded Sets and Real Analysis Tutorial

The document consists of a series of mathematical questions and proofs related to sets, bounds, and properties of real numbers. It includes tasks such as determining upper and lower bounds for various sets, proving theorems, and demonstrating properties of rational and irrational numbers. Additionally, it addresses the completeness of the real numbers and the behavior of subsets within the integers.

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Sameeha Alli
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24 views2 pages

Bounded Sets and Real Analysis Tutorial

The document consists of a series of mathematical questions and proofs related to sets, bounds, and properties of real numbers. It includes tasks such as determining upper and lower bounds for various sets, proving theorems, and demonstrating properties of rational and irrational numbers. Additionally, it addresses the completeness of the real numbers and the behavior of subsets within the integers.

Uploaded by

Sameeha Alli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial 1.

2 - Questions
1. In each of the following cases, state if the given set is bounded above or not. If a set is bounded
above, give two different upper bounds for the set, give the supremum of the set and state if
the set has a maximum or not.

a. (−3,2)
b. (1, ∞)
c. [10,11]
d. {5,4}
e. {10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0, −1, −2, −5}
f. (−∞, 2]
g. {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝑥 2 < 3}
h. {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝑥 2 ≤ 3}

2. For each of the sets in Q.1, state if the given set is bounded below or not. If a set is bounded
below, give two different lower bounds for the set, give the infimum of the set and state if the
set has a minimum or not.

3. Let 𝑆 be a nonempty subset of ℝ.

a. If 𝑎 is the greatest element of 𝑆, then what is sup 𝑆?


b. If sup 𝑆 = 𝑎, then what are the upper bounds of 𝑆?
c. If sup 𝑆 = 𝑎, does 𝑆 have a maximum?
d. If sup 𝑆 = 𝑎 and 𝑎 ∈ 𝑆, does 𝑆 have a maximum?

4. Prove Proposition 1.4.

5. Prove Theorem 1.7.

6. Prove Theorem 1.8.

7. Let 𝑆 and 𝑇 be non-empty subsets of ℝ which are bounded above. Use Theorem 1.6 to prove
that sup(𝑆 + 𝑇) = sup 𝑆 + sup 𝑇.

8. Decide which of the following statements are True and which are False.

1
a. ∈ {0,1}
2
b. 3 ∈ (0,3)
c. 17 ∈ [0,17]

1
d. 17 ∈ (−3,18)
e. 17 ∈ [16,18]
f. 2 ∈ {1,3,5,7}
g. 2.5 ∈ {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝑥 2 ≥ 4}
h. −1 ∈ {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 2𝑥 + 7 < 5}

9. Assume that the Dedekind cut property, Theorem 1.9, as well as the ordered field axioms are
satisfied. Show that the Dedekind completeness holds.

10. Show that if 𝑆 ⊂ ℤ, 𝑆 ≠ ∅, and 𝑆 is bounded below, then 𝑆 has a minimum.

11. Show that √2 is irrational.

12. Show that the rational numbers satisfy the axioms (A1)-(A4), (M1)-(M4), (D) and (O1)-(O3).

13. Let 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℚ with 𝑏 ≠ 0 and 𝑟 ∈ ℝ\ℚ. Show that 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑟 ∈ ℝ\ℚ.

14. For 𝑥 ∈ ℝ and 𝑛 ∈ ℕ, 𝑥 𝑛 is defined inductively by

a. 𝑥 0 = 1,
b. 𝑥 𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑛 for 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

Show that

i. 𝑥 𝑛 𝑥 𝑚 = 𝑥 𝑛+𝑚 ,
ii. (𝑥 𝑛 )𝑚 = 𝑥 𝑛𝑚 ,
iii. 𝑥 𝑛 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑥𝑦)𝑛 .

* * * * * * *

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