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35 views34 pages

Solved CS)

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© © All Rights Reserved
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L

Fmr M*re Qus*tion F**crs Vi*it - [Link]*g"offinl


ISETi6I

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.20l 9l [Link][


Gontrol $3lstem
Time:3 hrs. Max. Marks:

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choaslng oNE full questionfrom each

I a. DefineControl Sy$e.m. Distingu,ish *.loop and closed loop contr0l with


an examples" Itarxr;
b. Fcr thernechanical systcfit shown in [Link](b), write the diflerential to thc
force F(t). Also sbtakr tlre analogous electricatr eircuits baried 0nt analogy
ii) Force-voltage analogy- ( l0 lttsrks)

tr ,_vJ

Ia
cdutir*l furt#.
1(b)

OR
2 a. Defrne [Link]. and DC servornotor. (04 Lfarks)
b. flerive an expression function of an armature controlled D.C. motor and also
construct the nnotor" {12 Nlarks}

Modute-Z
3 a. i;or the by the $[Link] equations snd frnd the transfer frrnction
flow graph techniqtre.
t dx, du"
x , = -OrX, + x, + O,U; = -CrzXr + Ctru (08 hf .:rk:i]
a, ;i
h. diagram reduction technique. Obtain the transfer function of C(s)/R(s) as shown
m {S$ Il{arks}

(,)

Fie.Q.3(b)

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Fmr ffi*rm G*ssti*r: ffmp*rs Wi*it - i#ww.p*dixwikibf*g .**ffx
OR
44. State the Mason's gain formula. Find the transfer function & of the svstem de scrih,,;d h-,.
xr
the signal flow graph (SfG) shou,n jn (88 SI:rrkvl

I L

Fig Q.4(a)

b. For thr net*'ork shown in FiS,[Link](b), csnstrust the signal determine the
transfer function u*ing Masonis gain formula. (08 lVlarks)
(z-

V;

5 a. Derive an expression br
::=
fipr a sees&d order sJactem excited by a step
input (under-darryed, {08 Ffmks)
b. A unity ftedbiack is charasterized by an open-loop T.F. G1s1 :
*h
Where K and er constant,
By whar gain K should be reduced so that the peak osvershoot oi the
unit step liom 759t ts 25o/o. (0S Marks)

OR
6 a- K(2s + l)
A systeru ha",ing [Link] T.F. of G{s! = ' The ir:p,;:
S{s + l)(s + I)r
+ 6t is applied to the sl6tcrl Dere,r{njne the rninirr,lurn value of K if the steady staru
.,,; to be less than 0. l. tt}4 &€arlisi
,'ii
A unity' fee,rlbar;k cuntrol $y$tcm has G(s) = 'using Routh Hurwitz criterion.
#m
Fin*--thq ran&e of K for whieh sy-r*em to be st*hle and also derermine the frequency of
oscillatinns.
c- lvhat are the difficulties encCIunt€ied while .asses*ing rhe R-it criteria *"0 t.,$u#-[l},
eliminate theue dif,Jlculties? Explain wirh exampies. - {06 luarkr}

F*r fu4*r* G***tior: Fap*rm Visit - [Link]*g.##R1


T

Fmr fu4*r* &x*stisn Faperx Visit * www.p*dimwikihtrog.**r?"?

ModuIe-4
7 a. What do you means by (i) breakaway point and (ii) break in point. Hov; can :i-,.' '

determined with an example? {0.r


,181,1.1
i

b. Sketch the roots locus plot for the system C(s)H(s) = . Determine the range ,l
ffi-+y
K for which the system will have damped oscillating response. t07
c. Show that part of root locus for the open loop T.F. G(s)H(s) = 5!112 ;, * ckcle.
S(s+l)
l

oilt
I a. Derive afi expre.$6ion for rss$n&$f pcak and reso{rsnt *eqgency for a syste m.
{06 }larkrl
,.K
b. Sketch the Bode-plot for the open-loop transfer function anri
lX0. is -* t t
determine the value of K far u&ich $y$tern is -to be gain r}1a1", r, and
phase rnargin. { l$ &farks}

,,:aaj

I a- State and explain the Nyquist stability {06 lVIarks}


b. Sketch the Nyquist plot and eomrnent of the closcd loop system w,irosc
oper-loop transfer function is G(s)H{s) - {I0 }!arksi

I0 a- Explain the pharse neat circuit diagra,m and derive expression for the
transtbr f,rnction of a (06 Marks)
b. Vfhat are the lead control? {04|l{arks)
c- Write notes sn PID {06 Marks}

F*r" Mmre Qumsti*n ffxpers Vi*it - www" p*diawikifui*g.**r:r


t

I o\r^ti "r7 " $ v"T w ftt^ee*ion *?c^-F".r [-:.o 2€9q


Con-\to\ .6e*3 05,F€6rl
-P-=;pc^-r-ed l1; a
Vc".:,-.7=c^3 c. d C1.^o- k<^-t-
o
(
R a g', [Link]. n{ '-Pt ,-.$-== o *
-De-p.1 o{ E? e
k- lg vD \ -\ \{.^L t_
ol" e e4;-e c-on{.,e\ a i s-tio Sb b e_+.,o e-eo OT.', -\*I.
e^nd c-L5,sed llJ-o-i- Uu,*-
c-on-l'tru\ 4 ry) *Pi*b cro € x.,r-1r\g
T
(e r.., o=h==)
o { e-^crq-7 o rr err-t= Connec*[Link]
C:- .4'.^qc*; or; . En e" S.*gte I
e-ron{'rrp\\ed
36erte'r-, t ':)
3" \\ #u
ftn
C,-cr65ec{
t s-uT
m"ff*i o "in i*-.
,-o\o; da doe- no.1 c4 r-.r'lo rn A\, <-^ \t .,
ou-1lrua* , i€ cc^\[e. cl e\r) o?.S
C,on g-,.1 e\- c^
= 6e.+e ro t^chic t-, i ., .{ .erxn- d *fo
Cc n.l:zr\
eVarr-I.^\--e-

E\ect..< c ft lr:
-$...--r,c-c.e.I E.'iet {-^ '--Di t
Corr!e.r*t<s
ee"*i n er di
'-Rqlo-i e-q-et-,6", t
Conl to\Q R<- o *, o6
(--i\rcw -1

)-1 '-tL, e- c^b orr.e_


5 9a+erD 39n6e1 (7;ee^eute3 -th e- -\e r6)-Pe'u-e^{r*<=
c.n d 3en d ', *J .+re oi!;a= \..
trni.1 -g^,.rro.^o-tA ft t-\D c,l>D
e-tn d otr) .-tev"4-^- Vet*et
e- -D e.1; e-rr)
d d;.,
=the [Link].-lorr oeecl oD -*,^ aQ --1-e rnrg e gc..t^^r-e_
+u _*Lr^r.-n aon or -tL. e- !rec- *io".
e9eo"t e n t -+.? rD c\: .-y-. "4-{
"[Link].;,5 e '-l-e "rry6,,l-.:d^"r- c^ *
VqL* €_- cleS ',**S
Adrr*., *'(t1,
-> €2! m7\e , Lo.-,c co:r* -

r-) \ r. c, d wo [Link]-e,5 __+- f-r).. c-.^ 5a^"\<- , ,.ynrs_<_Q_i -\c\ e,


0
tr) Cl-,o9ed #tUsol>
Con*\vp\ 3g*-\e rl') in
C,O l-1 t--rr \ :,
L,obi
xsp_
[h, ou.+?u+ \e*= qn
+t"
" e .to .t.$-..+
wF ol -*he "g-Y- t
de ='frq d Ou^*1..1r,-.1 uil:r in ovd t- rnc^_x n.+e.\: o -tt-r
y€ c."tte cl cl-os-6 Lqry .U.,*, e_
/2a<
ben
E\e.{dc- G \r; r) t€ ..L .\..\
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16-6-'qa

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a
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Aira
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e_-

at.b

b b1
4 tr) I

t\.\ |
J--o,

kir
M1 f;_
-ILe^r-e- c^lre- .*1..ou nodeqf . ac \..:e ne.= d -\-- d'r-.^-^-:
-tuo\, {o=-* \: o d.t *Au-- Iv'\c:^€e> I'\ 1 i<, .*oKeO c^{5 .,grdp
t
[Link] d T*'\ c\31, l\r\ 2_ i **c"H*O c^95 ns cte g_
=
F",-- bo Jd dr -
t*- ",1 l*\c.a= y\ r (.o d- ,L)
r* X1
L-+
)

$t, ,
9c,
&v--
Fot-e-

.{
{ur=
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trt = r,r
il"il
d},
."*i o!
+ ,&\s, t &u-
_r b,5 F,r \r * Fr-([Link])
-P."'l
d{a dt I
dx,
V' cntd it^., {:rcit
!1 = =
d*2
3r- { t*)
= -' {} * r5\r -r \a, \ t, dt o r-,_\ (v,-rr2)d1
F.-.- . u-_+(r)
6 cL' c. rt-c. m ol o
F1c^<;= f"\z_ (.oa-z)
0 r-* t' X")
,. ... vL_

$-',t
fu-
Ftr^t-.-e- b"^(*c.
rc r)
o = &.or -;J*o*\

Ov
0: l{ 1d.r_ (vr*v,,) d *
+K1 d+ \
> G:a- curle6ir-,{ cnnq\o
1^(
!o
L1
o- )o
r tt) ')__
Fr L\

f)ypLn2;o., Y-cu.*r: o,cde L


0(\
i(*) = tr {': + \ * *rr \
\rd\ + l-
L.; \ ar,,r$z) &r
'Fr cl+ ---* \r)
Rr rt +o n'ude ?-
\(c-+-
tr ",il
.

O: ca d we.-
L{+
+ \
Lq_ \
tr1*V,) d I *-+ (d.l
)
* frt--e- \o\+c^ .^- o\o
Lr (=. TT
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eL{)
o
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svvtT -A Kvu .-Yo [oo1. L


ec{) t- +-R, ir + Jcr \J i, d I * J_
c2 \(;.,-\:)dt
>- -dj_L
dt ) ---o kr)
err\[Link] Krr L .}-.) \ u-o*p ?_
Q = h-a d:.1- + ,\C1
dt
Q 9-.o. '-De.
&l. a o€t Voro.>o-|c,^tr C'[Link] Rc-
--D c 3eyrzo rotr-f6t. (" =e.rrworno_l€^r c,n d
+1 .n.."rry_O
ll^.'g .r-rr,-torr= v
cl iD Cru.*oroc^Ji c e.-v-,-\.t_p
SersvDrDecLlc^r)i-; =e =ff=*- o:- i,
rD c^-tre- <-.^\\ed [Link]: I
U9ed '+o Co r,V6,y rDo "'Folr=e, n.e
'+ e-Q-ec*:{...\ 3; C4'Ee
."\ -fr: e^rl
-D C- €e\-\.,9 \*t
va o-|o rr
6c_ =,e Yruo
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t.1 \ee=ex .1>oroe.:r
il "
ou.*lyu^.\ +u!.. <, --I) <_
6errtc rnotor .4.,
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Ai'z-<-
L; oea>- =,$ c i=)
o )_- C\,-) c\-c^c*e yi3;.. i 5
Don Lloec.:-.
O 5 . F-.=.1 rec..po"., s e- d.^ e.
93.--ftr^re te,g'pov1 -:(= ia)
-tu to..-,i> e-Qec{.r5c,.^\ <'nnd tre \o.*i ve \ !t 3\o..,oe x d-*e
rDecl-rc.O-, ec^L -*irne .+-,c h i Oq-egq{\.;
kDs+[Link] 24^.- c- I o.'d
ofr , 3.-i*c,b\e_$.l. ro ecL.[.nicc^1 \'r-'' e cc
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To\per e^-FyU ce_*ion5
o9-" b €lr.)r.re_ cto €x.1:rre=3i q{) &* *t^e *rc..,+*"& 'r q\i,c o
C&rrr;[Link] o4 ort
ed --D .C .no.*ory qn d a\gc, c,onSirrc^
c--,on -l-r_o\t
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fu\to r6in C^3 3L"rr)
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€^Vy€e3 ,"t n -*+-,e
c-on.1trc\\ed --D c tt) oJfo"r
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C.r) c^t-yrrc"**t^ye-
o Ft.^x i<, -
e''c^('*o -tr-r e- Cta\ rs-e'n'l **r'to'-^
4- .q a .-;I^::t5 r" -|t- s
F = K.{ T{ [ c-ort=]e,6*f-
3
c -r orq r-^€- d e v e Lo-ye d ie -Ft-oy.,^r*\o^o\
\ *o ,\\-r^ c^.:d C^vrn6;{u..rs
g^-^ [Link]-.
J=k,;f L"^= K;K_\>{}*
" f5.^ c\". e..-r4 is -[Link]=ptrx.t,ooc^\
-*rr +\_.,."\+ v e-Lo
E\, = \aU Lc., >
- 0
--" c-*._r
-,, w>v,err€ d--S t+;
{.-\il.X L oT\c^ce -\.[Link]-+o,:r{-) df
U
Eb= Ku g gc€,)
'-flc. Lo
t
t *--+.
*Tl
1- t
I T"^C{)
Cone,*e^ol -1 ec^t{ )
Vol*a.
("-
Lf i J
+ e
VO e c er. r) u.c-rj *e_
€ot'l) = €bt{) _t.}-t{)R.*
Lo d_!-tr)
*'lt ,,A Lt^*p\-.e .1:-o..,=4o--.,
r,oi*lb z [Link].t,..\ c-o., dr.\., o?
E.^te,) = Eb t .) + !o (+1
[:<<r * t,L*l
or T-*t+)
= E ^(€,) *-Eute,)
-R.
*+
5t-^be*i.+-^.\,e_ .4.^o =Lc-
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'L..^*
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t gLe^
t-Og l-'c1\^e
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o
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fiteo *T
t -Qc^
f 3Lc.
f-- +.F a o-J g
" fLJ.o5+sfbrlO
c! o
-
= y_;K+.].{ I e*-r.,b5 o]
-l
taal ht Tt t- t'R"-=u l
k,'j ki{ rr.}g og
ffi 'E-q* gfo " F..-, 3* 5 ore] B
:. g .=
F- /e, g. n:-, C\+ sz,o) (,* ,z-.a)
ec^
\+ K-> tk,u rT-q o,o (r
I [Link],o ) (r *oz*)
t \^e\re 'ew) > l.-, /O*l Z* = *^ lp--", 8",-, = tr; L{
O\ocK cl,to
ff-'-
+ K'o \
5 f5".r fr tZrog j-(r + e> Lc") 0 ro te)

eY-u
oba frr -iL,e b \e4-
s:;i:;'n.,
rre?nre--e en
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flo'T
x Xr+ tot d xr dB=.:*{ ,)rt d,v.
)
qlt =- -d,Xr t)AZ*d.r-U ) d{
e.r-e- ig c. .T".rri o.}i- q rni s'\a\ie- iq $..^e=\,oO -?..1,.-
*T1^,
^
Lo:{ e1t,....1-iuo i., Uo
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t

LOe h c..,-e_ d+
X = Xf -t-o(o \: oo' d x i
o !l=
Xr= -d, Xr tX2_+"{..rt_r
*r= -,(.1xrtdru.
--i-t-' e 5e c^^re 3.*e*e_ 3-p*4e €1"^c^.*\o..,t.
)( = Xr t -(u\J =) rC u'*?-{ -.l.-c'*\u!
Xr = *ot rXt t Xz-* "{zV ?
3*c"'1e t1 t cr*-i Drl3
J,
cin d i=\- Xo
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c.\ h ,

a". 0-*T

uf,.\ X1 t X (t)
I
e
aE-
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d I
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-?, = d.L ,tl.n\


= dul.
Ts= o.u
J'r
I
lncliv,d*.-\ \o-oT
ff*o
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L.,_ = -a-4 4-
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fr
A I f t' +.rJ \- (-d'/, -"tv,.l =
3 c\
AI I

Ar =)
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1n d,a t"lr-
3L
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{t.^-:,4.r}..-c-\ircj . 46 =
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t
cl_
t-t>*
I
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t+ Q'fo2o5+qdtr ". H1 Qr
t + Cqrc,S* (61)Hr- Ql0s + Qrr

Q CQr-Qg + aa )
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CCer) Q' (ezec+cq)


Btal , + C C,:-Cg+ er,) Ur+ e, G>H
1
r

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C ca1
Q r QzQg -t q, Qh
RC I + q)-q5Hr--r
") Q+1 H2_+ e relH r + elGlegt er ea,
o/t" o" 3+-+-€- -iN., e_ Y\c^go.i= r) &-"r,.,\o.
F; o d *he {t
-J.,-c*-, o.) Xe /x, o-f
E* '.s-{ex
+tae 57s*eo qi;scr.'vre-d b '*Lle"
&o.,, 5\-o \-"2n .oY (B 'nc^ry'=)
= I 'fl''.
t*=b b
"9o i ,'

" I,r+1

a+1 Q,q

t (r C( e- Xlr Ct b I

X1 x L- X5: X6

-H5
N.^.r-r b.- o .t +- -n'L.o ef,y d -Tc,.+*
y_
= = Z
Ft,t-.---6 --Tc-'*t-',
--?, fi*D
= Q, Qz Gg
-Pr = Qt Qq
llndlvi&-\ Lu"T (€^/o
Lt = - QzHr
L1_= - QgH-
Lb= -q,QzQ5H5
L+,= --Hq
Lg- = -. Q+r Gt- Hc
*P.l-od*c-l o't -t-":P non'-1_ouCt-i
Q^^D '6 \uo7t:
L,+l= Q,.1HrHq
L,5= QzQu,Qr- H, Hl
L.h - egH1ti1
L3h = Q,[Link]
C""\c,*\c..'*]on rsl A
A = i -- [-r1 *L1* L5 -rLh r L51 * [t'h + L15-*L1h rLbq
A=\ I QrH, tQbH.r-tQrQ2O3Hgr-Hhtetes-Hbt e2H1H;,
+ Qr-QtQ:- HrHs tesHlHq+ e,g:eeHsH+r
L+1 ig non -touc-1r,,
''a '-?\ *
i,A \ - (- HJ.) = \+Hh
L\ Ye, nuD .-lc.^cL.,\n -.lo -P r-
J" A) f,
= \ - CqgIt) = \+ aqlr
tY\ c^3rcr>' 3 !-a.-ln 4r=,..,,.,\."
C
l"xr = r t'r'r a1 1-praf
eq(s (r*furD
A L = * Lt,ereb[r
+H*,) +

=-
Q, QzQc (r n- rr+r\ t e+, cr r-( \+ e, H)
\ + crzHr+
Qg Hr--t (r e1e3 Hgr H t-CrqQs
+ Q.r-Q+r Qr Frr Hs -r
t-t H5f e1H1Hq
es hLHh _r Q r QaQs ttS Ht
ofi" b Cot *Xe ne$.,cotrH 5t-te,.,o-l be-Uo €, ccn=t"rr^c-|
*t^e_
*t.,* [Link] rr>ir, =iqno. t
B*=", ds-fe-x e -!t-e- * rrr^n-'4a" 4.^-, .+ .,r$
'j-: -f, lv\o:,on'q1 &=r.r.. Lo a .r-..^..
f"-r C H=r)
6

.Y-r 7q-

IV C L V6

I
L .^j\ a c-e-- *'r-c. . .'&, ='9 o + 'ft^e ncl"':e-1a is c^.: sl-ruucn
V> elo..o ff*"
'Er Vt c') 'E z

Vi ta) -IAA
I
)t",1) SL Vo (e, )
'lr. 1-/
1
3 e--ae-c.-t no dee, a b V; 14) , 'J-1 q.,) , V, Cs), llrtey c.., d vo (s)
tJg= co.) t^:-r, .l-e-
\ (.r1 v;te)-\,rg) *---->
= (r )
'-F\
Vr [g) =

Tate,l =
( t, ( =) - vo te,))
-R r- -_o,(3)
Vo ta) = T,_ 3L *____* (fi )

nt(n-\'{to..-^, L:r:r,e- e1r.^c-*.e-rS


t/t B*rt,'s,4.,*
c,

tl\ ,

\/ I
q vl
r
IRr
, lec

q vr
l1
*t lec
l/R,-
I V0
').-
-t/e-o_
sL
J2_ vo
ove.r c.\\ 61 -\ 4to.^> b
0- (*.

t/F,
q tla.v \ \
I \ '-l-. g L
v0
Vi
*\lo"
-t/*, -t lr.
' Fo '--. ox d *j c^*tur neJ tl .

=, t, ", \X
--tf. e v-e i ,9 * .&-,-., o- d -f *+t )
r\
\,
r\ - <L/
--i7 J-/21?2=C L t
= -/R,'Br.
" Jnd;.r;d--L Io-o1,
Lr= ^'[Link] t.,t
La = -\ loc.Er_
Lb = -.L/r,

t*'-, -p ':n2 d- c{ o .$ .-+-, D o o 1.; *o .^c\-i -, tuopt,


Lr j = ,luy..Rr_ 0

o C.^\ c.*\ o..5 e .', A


".t
A= I * (,-, t [Link] -t ( u, g)
*\
\
t aaT-r acpz_
5L\
?v)
\ + L--
CE_,Br_
K= \
o }4 c-go

Vo
n'3
.l
t*(='o)a &'=rrr.^\o -

t /e iR,-c
V; A l*--l t-
- + 5L
ScRrr-.\6C'Rl cRFr-
Fz-
5L
SRr?.zc- tRz_*.R' + & L-Bi c + 5f
Vo = 3L
U; oul-t<, c + b( Lt ?, r-Rrc) +(xr +R4
1
o{ o- -De1i"r.a ayn ex?",,re=sio9
4o.o- ^r-is. {+.r:e. and -TeoV;-ti--e-
4o* q See--ar,d t>"u c\ex O7s-}g,"o exc;+e-d OX q rt-e-rp in;'i
(t.d.r d.^..[Link] [Link]) " (€.rro..Ha) U

L,, ni * ?+e_-ip 7e-alo rt b e- o'8 2.d ovcle- unde.r-


-(=*-&^'
clornjed cc^3e- ier
*el'oot
ct{)-- \ - a\q (r,ca t +- e)
r-q*
e^l {= tr cC{) =- c(tr) = I

o'. cC+) €1wn1=


= \ e. 4\r> (.,ca{' +9) --l
r- qe-
* of 9*"'{ t
{iirrCioai= *0) = (]
r* qt
%., r>c_E>
-e- ) wol rt
€,
59 a\") ('ca *^s -t B) = o
i-o
uC\nen tp*-o,-tr,ziT- ,37 €>inS=o
,o, urdt"r*g= 1T
\,od-+_t .=*tr -. 0
oo o 'xi ge # rn€ {-t = 1T'- e oiv->
3€c-
t'd
rrO\ne rre g -- +=^;t ,-qx- o 't-o.& c^6 q2.

LOd > t,on


r-_Q n-
?e--B *i.. €- _lvcnl
u'e vrc^r-e-- cc'{) = \ - ?' * e>iyr [.;a{ +e)
{ \*61-
€ xy rre=3i c vr.$o.' t .i n ct yl
,, = o\r\., e-
"
d etr\ \
d+ \t--\r -\J
d-=!! -€,wt *
C qo.,) 51o L..ca t -te)
o'"
dt = - e-t
.L
1*q

'-F-$ r-Jd
= tcn,Jilg2_
r,
t
-€,.:
g'
, _€r o-
,'', \
c-ozL-d\.t9) 'c

-L
I
{t'-o-'1 6iq t"Pat +e) e-I "c-,\ oo J r*€r
9*, ---.r'-q2
r'-_ q" c)o5(''cat t O
)
e Q-"t t,Cg .l*:t, ccb(.;a r *e!
tq"rot*.oa{ +9) -
\._ €,_

e Qo.\ f"-.u <,ir(";:at+e) -


,: t3q 3'.n0 c-^re=Ctrat+e!
rjr----qt

, *€_,,
\

tCn Q."'\ t :-,[[Link] t) J r*q 9-


-'a e
rlt*6' q
:. Po .9wn'1 6\n(.oa\i7)=o
J;qz
j\r-tc e C 9tc"."\ +0 d,n [.,Ja'{Y) =u-'

o'\r \-O d {'? ": 1r


-Lr= --- .=
fT
l,d 'cnJ r*A"
os: t) A \rn', .$.*-db c^ck, eon-ltc,\ alc*eto i S c-!-rc"^rr.^[Link]
-J "il
e^n oT, \-o\" T. F. Q c=) = Ytl ;(. +o() . rrt.,ere yl, c^".,d ct
e,\'rr-e -?oei*irre 1.-|e7er con-fon:tt. {}y .^c\na{ -$a^"+o= -t{^ e-
ar-r1-g\"*i--' e:, r> \# -ho.^\ d la e- *dY^.-- d 3 o *l^ e.-\ 't't^ e-
a-c^,
-Pec.\ r?\re\ ]X-ot .3* *t^.a urni"l gte-? are-3'-Fot- 5e- "'-e-d*c,e'e'
J-- 1r'J , -\o L{'l' Ca "r-,o"\"'t
2 K I a(a-tcr) \)
\a-

\ .. Ci(b)H te) I t \i/at<,tr) 5 (+-tat) +K2


'T [e,): V>

5}-tola *Yi
C\-rc^x-c^c.*[Link]. 3,*t\ c- c1t-e^*i o9 e *od3 -tl:; =o
q_
.o..rT c^n-e. ,c",*b ** >g uaO3ttPrr=O
'n*= y o
JU)
[.Cn : J'1
[Link] z-\r.c9 = d */r*r': ol- I
/Ll
tfie k,noa .ir.
1 Y-,

c-.t
'r.v\T = {-\,1 1;4
r\rc
^
o .J 5- = J,t \l,lt:*
.- ro . y6J
= *lT q,
\*q L
( o.,-slf (r.- El = =oqf
[Link] 27 (,- qf ) ^ Tr'?,o
5
Ql= 3.3o3 x r,i
o'Y
ti o" o3 t I -9.c- Y\:7 = I 5-
o'

c.74- = -'Ti- 4*l 47-qL


-.t 9" ri"-qf
-*\.'3.8 G =
1
\"3r-tB (,- ql) oq" j-o
=

\T= o 6>3
\,r= c' fr ob '4"'" l-] P > c'L{
oL c-^:r'r<,'}c-;t
Le* \6 = \<, .4r, g, C^n d \a, = \<"r-'{.c'-l 1" 'cr4b
o(
o.o3lt = {- .^..,d o'Fto5 -
2 JE, (l

J.-
o.o3\l * o"o-itl
.: Br rJ-I Kr = Yir
O.*,Db J l(1
d c.o1;*i\
*o Fi.=V-o-\d be -te- d-.e
\.,
t
06"c. q uni T-. d b c^c-k; .1* l^' C^\.U t r\cloged \uo7 a1 F "{
a
Qtal = B.2=+\ -fL.€. ', Y1*7t^{ rrL+)=\*6\ "'t,cn-gPU e-d
S f$.z,'tr) (e+t1 rcring -*t-' e Yn', r'l'r ;rr{)u rf) r" e'^Lu^ €
t34 Y;,
-to .--1f e-- +e--
-lt^ e-
'\D e \eab -tl-o.O tJ'\
it +ue :ffi:; e,-tc--te eTrso
$ i 5 '+rD
*t).l{ r-) '{-nq Y\is*ck-e
C+r rf)C^'v\.'e) (
) =- \ * 6t
Q i v-eo '*t-c^'l , 1 n*7 **
'x L*
d)
*." \liu, 1 L cq,\ ?^c--<-'{: "'ns$u'r
q 'j(e,): ,/r* 6l*
€"rs":rp'v 3't t)- c^t
q]a.'; 6
E[:)= €r -+
\+q(r)Hta) \+ r.(z=,.\)
*.l{1+ r) (** \)a-
t
+ 6
€2 a-

3( {s-r-\) (e-t\) + \c, (z=+ r)


5(=;-.-t1) (=+r)%
fi_ c)_
I SCgi=,-t1) (=+r) e(sao,) ( 3+ \)
3 +G-= ()_
.(q.-tr) ( 3+ \ * ^
efs-q,11 ) (=+r)
* Y-(9-'-+ r)
6+-c.+-e- e1r':rp\ €-ee, Cc^n be o\:'tc^^ne<\ -la.o.o
{:_:T.:_$ *tL- eO-.,'r-e.O .

€s:= L;q eL{) - Li.q z €<.)


-f od 3-+Lr
CL

L;.o = E(s-z+r) (a+r)


5--> D F a(,;z-tr) (a+r )q--r YrC>er+r)
+ s"t- E(,r*+r) Cs+r)L
4L z (s-a-+\) C e,+ \ i* rr( 2=+ r)
a
l.*b = O+ ,6=6
\1 \1
Q i'.,*-, {r--{ €=e, < o -\
,or c"\: 6 o^r yi = G/o.r = Gc.
IB
rD i ni vr) \r rr) Vc^ L'* e, r:f k\ = 6o '*-t--: €=e' <- P'\ '

06.b. e wo;\ -Feqdloc.c.B tr", \ etslert \-,o"eo Qt.,) \i Q,+fi)


C-or:
5(e+ r ) (s+z)
\J3',- .,a -Ftr.^*b H*^q-uoi-f>- crsi.\<-rri,op. F-in d +qe rlra', o4 R 4o'
r-cV> -'

J*L
clo
l.r
''('Y Oeq\\c.*i on3-
tc-\
-l-o b e.- s*c,!:\ e- c^., d c.\eo d e*e"rn;
CG
ffi -f\a e
""-d '.ro-t+s)
ClsssJ l.>o? T. F Clot v;(6+fi) o@*r) (++z)
f
l+4 (o)vto) \r s+
) *-",

\a (s+fi 5 [=+r) (<,+ z)


= )
e (s+ r)( s+ z) + K (=-ru, ;
Ci^rc^-r--- c.*e.r-i: :i c eclucr$ro! g(sq-t3:tr-) + \a= +- fi yi =_o
a
3--l- ad + (f--r y) o + v\ ts, ; o
--pot*p-, C^\.b-q
a tr
t)'
\ :L +Y;
c\
a- 5 fir,
\
3 6+ 3li-+,E o
3
c
?, fit1
4:-o.", -D -5c\-^)
= \k-)o or ti>o
Dr
-\ "vo.o t t.c r-^: 6-B)o oY \1 16
-bc',nq4 o { K -9.r =*<'biL;'+y i5 o<\1<6
(\
v a
q
tn)\-,eo K=6 31a-\e^o
"c;\\ be
rr)c., b\ e-
.-|U-.e
- {-vo.- O*I ?rp r^c
T a't- \\
I 5-fc^

5=9- -td-l Y-- = o


'T,-l K = G
Sgtr-fi+-e = Z*ozfi=-c>
51=-'hlz
er=J=€-=Ig-.62i
i 5 2'6 9- '?tc^ d \ 3eC..
o4 6gc:\\c'-tlc'r
,,". '4t--e
1*--.t
o6. c tJ\n c.* c^\re *t^ e d; &+ c--t*; eo- eD c-oLJ rrfe re-d ur\-,i \e-
(, aaeggi.q 4r- e- R- H Crri *en-r o c^n d Lrr:...,c do 1-,ct^ gg;rl-," ne^dr€

-tt-,e= e. d-Q&;c-\+.,e5?. E-7flo:n .pi4r.r exc,".+\e5 (G .-"."Y-a,)


c"rs Fd-c"R i 5
g t. fi".-et e9e-"ne-.-,-\
o4- --X o + +t^ e- '\4o-'-t!'' b'
Z4:vo c^nd *L.e.- €..hr.)- =S--r-rni-?1 .rD\, coo*[Link] \ec^51
On e n oD 2-Q't'o ele-,-r, en -l--. ()
€xc,wr.,r\e- - 5t1 >5fi-+a j+ e *-t)-3 + \ >, n
3 ;' \ 3 o)-

3 fl ")- 6 I
?
a' C€ \.5- o
,t
-Re .
tl b [Link]
a"
ours-'bel

* 6e -3 o "\ac-e b
I
e
3 \.r (6e-5) _ t
e
c 9s:=)
e
o
b I

!r e-l G'--o
-,5- \3c)-
-+l
:f c,- 6\ J

o l.5_ o I
o
5 --ootO i

q
\
\"5-oo
O
5 \
OL . fit( *tt.e e_[*"o..r.*= o{ q rro.-o io'_por.*\-,'5 c.'E':rc^1.* Z-ero
E)."^ Yr;:tr \e *
c:-
t-)- c\bc-
5+1 d e 4
5
Z
o o o -R.; c'{D c.L\
ro z e"L 5

.-9,c't.a Crr-rx,\cr:rW €1uc.*iu o t a, t t- e'{{-'- snJ*: ,:{ q -ru\^r .Cvli c-b


a
ie, Ju+i c^!e.'V-'tt.e 'ro.,.: ol N,L! ze')D-
A(+) -- .l sh + e * i +
'-i c^Ke c^ d e'-,-.rJi-e- o4 R tl) uc ' -\ 3 '
"x
de.,gl- +[Link] -+ Les
dt
-Pg'7\c^ce 2-aNo e; 'l-o ": b *|xe c-,, €,{&"-t e--r'*? o{ d ner) c.n d
d dt
C-cin*Y\n u- €--

3 6- C\ bC
t-rel J e{
5
b fid %-e o

o? or
(;; ;;
t'^?lrc^* d€

c\D exow)V\* ?.
\

",(;..;J Jl
( fi .rro-
\.e,)
:1,'ff ;T"::::"T
0
:;+b
T^e brreo.k c\[Link]\ o^r- \:rrec^k,",") Toin*= eidFt-gt l- e- t., *L
c'x i e, o-E- €xi g4
A car-rr-p \e-x C..r)u ft€^*e J.c^irs-rr. -E.S +[Link]-e-
1g o' 'r-o-o{ \,cc-^.^-, ovl .rre-c^[ [Link] b*+'o\*", 2-1.e\e-er-]L.e.9
'-*l-lerre ero i
=i o. \1:treo B c^.,o c..-\ -f oi .r{ . f + *t^ erre- ie, c- tto-oi
L'c.-'-* 9.v g;ec^L c.7i r bei-.-,,U' ,--e*,ab -V-., e.o *i. erre €xig.t
c' L:reoH lo *lL,e^r-e ie, c^.r-ryo* \oc-..^e, ,cr., rre-*\[Link]
Jroin*.T.*
\:e-|'aeen -7o\e ond 2-e?p -*\^e-o *fL,eye be- or roo;4 not
be bte c^HiD oy br<=6;\c^\-.oe^L-r -. o\o*- "noy q q
Le* -*t-r e 6]rara c*er;
=.\i c -$-*Or.., b e i ., .t-,e
-t *$o-o
.o(e)+BBCe)=D
o'o = -{}ta)
y:,

-rhe bte..\.*i;":- \::--[Link],io *po\n{ r= ffw-e, by-o--r4q, e4


-Jhe- e1 u'cr*\o rr U dv;/d o. *Ttr- e a- -r.+=,ru{ d K/a9 : tr <^te-

Hl-ll;:ha.-oc.A .,'==br=..hio iorn-l 32.,,vi-red 4o"


e o{ trf+ , 4i,.,e cA-e; o p- ghc."\d beTosi{nrre
qnd tre-oL. 0
.t
to
o?. b 5 k,e-t-b -tt-e. rc'ot \o c_-.q, j\o* 4", *r-" uy*<"o
Q.c4 Hce,) = \4)
. --Pg'te"r r?lirr [Link]-r€ t-en
'*r- oo\.r', -t, ;: Tlj#) ,rci \\ L c..,-e- d <r"o?ed T "8R
ogci\\c^$;.,
tr€-e,*yonse= (1
".,o[O=; a
6{-e:p o\. Loc.,.t\oo t:4 -/s\ee, c,[Link] -z€Ti;<o
fr) : r)o. o{ *Z- e_-rCI, - O
f) : n0. r.{ -Tro\ e__ = Z _?, c, _l-}
= =.*2_ If^__ *+_
5+e-7 uL. -Qo-c,'+ [,;c*q, on -zre-^\ c^Xi3.
-?c"rr"-I o'R -z.q-\
o
c,.ro i3 \>e:*-.o e e D e +c * 2_ *r- cl .- dt .*,: *-o
t 3 -Ye^r'-1 ct a-e-o* \ o c^^3
6.+-€-:f trff\ .ilf-- q o=(.
o t' .

" 3'tu'+e-", .,.- d ce'--lt-p i d.


+-.J0e o 4 c\3il{r) p*o-|e-.- t r 8u (21+r )l-
U

f=o c-,\n 't (rsc\ rt*rr, f=o'\,4'b'


I
#= 3
-r bt)
"tO

c^. .6/ e
1= J- (,eo ((zxr)r-r)
=. I
t6u"
3
1"--- *^qQe =
t (16-., (( fu(, + r)
0
= ! 3uo"

5 = Ih>3 = !f,trb' y"f,


C,etr'{rrpi d = 3tu.o { *tr o\ ee,
" -.3 -- ., { ", e^n)"- 2^
{
/)
n.-rY) €/ 2j
= (o-z-+..)*t:
-h-
fz rS
qYt
"b 6"o
J
'Tr
l-g
Cer.,1.v.o"el = *c)_
*5 t*5 o U-
3+e7 ofi fbt-c.\:- c*-;\ -Yoin+ 6oo
-J
[Link] cl \ trr:-p {'t-'.. c*\ pn) ( (r) 2)
=4..Y'4-., -B C5)
!S?) K
-[Link] q(et1) (4++r) 1\i
=
-1
{
Cln e^'rrcr.c.i€"xl [Link] c €_c1r^o *\ po \
g3+ Ge,L+ B=t- \A = u
(f\ k_: _f,_c*--8g
d *A.= a
-53-t1-b*6=a
6o\w ; n 3=*C"6q g,*. -[Link]
a
hfV,e., a=-O.6h kr= 3.D-73 .?rec^[ c^nd trc=].]...-e Vc'A- d
f5":te*6
Cr ral, a V

u:!-ev-r 6= - 3"t5- f-,= - 3'oyg becdc.+\€ inwc-t^d -o,,*

5+e? o51 e./e. o{ c^-r.r\.,o\ o.b &yc.^r*-Te-


O u cornj\e ,U'1ro\. o^r Z*e\'o , 4>o no r,, e ed .*o c.^\c.^\c^*\ e-
c.". { e- r -q C^'-b ari 'v- \ c,v d e yc^.x'+L^rr.e .

0
5 \ef cG -J-rr .te.^r 3 e c*\on 16>i 'th j\,o c^ x i 5.
C Lrc^-x-c^e-yerir.-\d <- e1\,^c^+i o, 33+ e *+ g 3+F, = o
-1r."{ --= j -, L
( j'.)-+
^ G t j-f* A (r'^,) *-E = u
-l*n * 6..-3 + J Sr,.: *\a= u
€.1.-^c"'*.,
'e z.<_ot c^n d ?vo.=T-* -f o:.tr.
,- c)
\
\.,\)+ E L^) >.'l> '- G.^:' * Y- = rJ
t^*= A \t, = 6 .^?- .: € rg
F,,= &f;.
t.3 = ! 2.6 2-
-R .- oi F)
q*-
()4Y-<-hs
J\o-\ oe-e. -lhe
6*fb :

o'f , c-, 5ho.,c -fhc^-l -par* tr4 Beo{ \oc--^a &r *}.,e oTerr lryoT -T, F
QC.1 Htel = B(o+z) !g cj.r-c-Le, lq- rnoTK-)
5 (s+r)
q tg) ft te,) = \< ( e+ ,)
5 (e+r;
l-\^*\ 6=_.( *jF
= ts ["r. + j {b -'.} )
(attP) [u*1e+r)
l--Qt*1H rq) = .+-e^;' (Plo"")
+"^;\ ( ea) -t +o;\ (*lu -
)
+.,n .-1
P l&t F/at \
= -*e";' ( %.
") t '. t%)(*l**)
_ +.-^;'(:=) -f* n P (* +r) -+-\ P
t of \cr\ + t ) )tF"
ll

oT.b . -Bu-r\ toc^-^t,


X
Qca)H (e) =
9 PAGE
SCALE
Y 5 (4 "re-) Cg+d( DATE I I
P*
L9 (c,) H (e) '+e. Y1 e*-
"t+u .< ("1+ r) + 5lL
C5td+r)+CI(p
'*(&-,1 1 oL(d+ +pt )
F. c-cn&*..,uq IQC+1 Htq): -\6-u"
8(e.
.-- \ p
&) = -1." ril *.a--_ P (-d*r) +.( fs

"t (d+')
o(+)- t c)*

o 13
o a, I
=-Q
"( + t ol. ("r-r r) t pL
-P
t't ta*r)t- pa) - P ("t"\-\<) ("t+r) =- Q

"dt-rot + &- t*-*d--t&"t-t>) =D


-da-&c\-?- r f cf-= o
c"dd c-.n d 5u^L,'l'l'"c-\
o(q-fi"(-fi +r- t&=o
("1 -r)*1
€ =[,'fa)*
'1'.+ ig e1t^c,'$oO o{ c&rcl.e v,ci'}+-r ceolev c^\ Cz't')
on d [Link]-iu^'= G
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