FROM TRADERS TO RULERS A yaere VascodaGama 2. Goa,Daman,Diu 3. 1600-4. Surat,Calicut_ 5. Pondicherry False. The European trade with the East was disrupted by the Turks. [Link] da Gama landed at Calicut in 1498. False. he trading centre at Chinsurah in Bengal was established by the Dutch. False. The British built a fortified factory called Fort St. George in Madras, False. Chandernagore and Mahe were French trading centres. c. Delhi Sultanate 2. b. Portugal 3. c. Fort [Link] d, Sutanati, Gobindapur, Kalikata e 23a 3b 4c S.d The rise of the Turks in West Asia in 1453 disrupted the well-established trade over land between the Europeans and countries of the East. Goods could no longer be taken safely over land to. Europe. This pushed the seafaring countries of Europe, ike Portugal, Spain and England, to discover sea-routes to India and the East. Vasco da Gama’s arrival in India paved the way for European powers like the Portuguese, the Dutch, the British and the French to come to India for trade and to later colonise the country. Towards the 18th century, regional kingdoms in India like Bengal, Awadh, Hyderabad, Mysore and the Maratha kingdom began to assert their independence from the Mughal Empire. The European trading companies began to take sides with these local powers in order to strengthen their opportunities for trade and political power in India. The Dutch did not establish a large colony in India because they preferred to focus on their settlements in Southeast Asia. ‘The French East India Company was under the absolute control of the French government, whereas the English East India Company was owned by private merchants. This was the main difference between the two companies. The Portuguese were the first to set up a trading company in India. They were able to monopolise Indian trade with Europe through the 16th century because of their strong navy and their military strength. Vasco da Gama, the first Portuguese traveller to reach India by sea, established friendly relations with the zamorin, the ruler of Calicut. He also befriended the neighbouring ruler of Cochin, Portuguese viceroy Albuquerque later built a fort in Cochin. In 1510, Albuquerque captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur and made it the headquarters of the Portuguese establishment in India. His successors continued his policy and acquired other places like Diu, Daman, Salsette, Bassein, Chaul and Bombay. The Portuguese also acquired San Thome near Madras and Hooghly in Bengal. Scanned with CamScanner2. By the end of the 16th century, Portuguese power began to decline due to the following reasons: » The weakness and corruption of the viceroys who followed Albuquerque made them unpopular with the local people. * The Portuguese had no inland territories to support their coastal possessions. ¢ They had to face fierce competition from the Dutch and British trading companies. 3. British power spread in the following manner in India from 1600 to 1698: 1600: The English East India Company was founded. Queen Elizabeth allowed the Company to trade with India in return for a share of its profits. 1615: King James | sent Sir Thomas Roe as an ambassador to the court of Jahangir. Jahangir granted permission to the British to establish a factory in Surat. The Company gradually set up trading factories at Calicut and Masulipatnam. 1640: A local ruler leased Madras to the British. There, they built a fortified factory called Fort St. George. 1651:The English East India Company set up a factory at Hooghly in Bengal. 1668: Bombay came into the Company's possession. 1685: Sir Josiah Child, the chairman of the Company, aspired to lay the foundations of an empire in India. However, his attempt to capture Chittagong failed. Aurangzeb declared war on the English. They were defeated and their factories in Bengal, Surat, Masulipatnam and Bombay were seized. 1691: Aurangzeb granted the Company the right to trade in Bengal free of all duties, in return for a token amount each year. While the Company profited from this concession, its employees also engaged in private trade to their advantage. 1698: The Company got the right to collect taxes in three villages— Sutanati, Kalikata and Gobindapur. The villages soon grew into a city, which came to be known as Calcutta. The British fortified their factory at Hooghly and the area around it. This developed into Fort William. Scanned with CamScanner