Chapter 2

METHOD

Presented in this chapter are the methodologies essential in the realization of

this study. It includes the research design, research locale, population and sample,

research instrument, data collection, statistical tools and ethical consideration.

Research Design

This study employed the descriptive non-experimental correlational survey

method of research. In descriptive correlational research, the investigator deliberately

examines relationships between variables without introducing an intervention. It aims

to describe how variables relate to one another, instead of attempting to infer a

cause-and-effect relationship (Walker, 2005). In this study, the researcher has no

control over the variables, which are not experimentally controlled and treated

(Lappe, 2000).

This descriptive survey dealt with quantitative data about a correlational study

between student-teacher relationship and students’ motivation among high school

students. A quantitative approach is an appropriate tool for gathering data for the

target respondents. The process of collecting data was based on the survey

questionnaire for the independent variable, which is a student-teacher relationship,

and the dependent variable, which is students’ motivation. Additionally, to determine

if the independent variable significantly predict the dependent variable, simple linear

regression analysis was used. The main focus of this study was to determine
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whether the student-teacher relationship has a significant relationship with students’

motivation among high school students.

Research Locale

This study was conducted at Manuel S. Nasser Sr. National High School

during the second semester of the school year 2022-2023. The study's findings were

specific only to the context of Manuel S. Nasser Sr. National High School, La Union,

San Isidro, Davao Oriental. The scope and sample constraints on the possibility of

general applicability have limited the findings from widely applicable to other

systems, even though there may be shared elements.

Presented in Figure 2 is the map of the Philippines consisting of 17 regions in

which the Municipality of San Isidro is located in Region XI. Barangay, La Union is

one of the 16 barangays that composes the municipality of San Isidro in the province

of Davao Oriental, Philippines. It is one of the peaceful barangays with a large

population.

Manuel S. Nasser Sr. National High School is one of the four secondary high

schools in the Municipality of San Isidro. It is located in Barangay La Union,

specifically Sitio Abejao. It is in front of Sitio Mantamugbong, boarded by Sitio

Tagumlom and Pebuanan.

Population and Sample

Stratified random sampling was used in the selection of the respondents. This

random sampling technique was utilized to ensure that every member of the

population were given a chance to be selected. The Junior and Senior High School
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students enrolled in the school year

2022-2023 in Manuel S. Nasser Sr.

National High School

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Figure 2. Map of the Philippines showing Brgy. La Union, San Isidro, Davao
Oriental

under the School Division, Davao Oriental, are included in this. Since the researcher

only concentrated on students' views, all the teachers in Manuel S. Nasser National

High School fell under the exclusion criteria and were not part of the study.

Respondents of the study involve Grade 7 to Grade 12 high school students. From a

total of 466 students, 50 students are considered as the subjects of the study.

Moreover, upon selecting the sample respondents of the study, the

researchers utilized Slovin’s Formula. As noted in the study of Tejada and Punzalan

(2012), it is a tool for determining the appropriate sample size from the given

population of the study.

The distribution of the respondents is shown on the next page.

Distribution of Respondents

Sample of
Grade Level Population Percentage Students/
Respondents

12 43 9.23 5

11 62 13.30 7

10 80 17.17 8

9 77 16.52 8

8 110 23.61 12

7 94 20.17 10

Total 466 100 50

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Research Instrument

The research instrument that was used to gather data is adapted from the

standardized survey of Pianta (2001) with a Cronbac Alpha greater than .77 with a

slight modification for independent variable which is the student-teacher relationship

and Corpus et al. (2005) with a Cronbac Alpha greater than .78 with a slight

modification for the dependent variable, which is students’ motivation. Both

questionnaires are slightly modified to suit the context of the study. Five-point Likert

scale was used to determine the level of student-teacher relationship and students’

motivation among the high school students of MSNSNHS. The contents of the

instrument were presented to the expert group for validation. The reliability of the

instruments was also confirmed by conducting pilot testing on a second group of

students who were not part of the sample. The range of means is essential for

identifying the independent and dependent variables. The first set of the

questionnaire deals with the student-teacher relationship with indicators focus on

conflict management, closeness, and dependency. The contents of the instrument

were presented to the group of experts for validation.

In evaluating the level of student-teacher relationship the following five

orderable gradations develop by Impas and Gempes (2018) with their respective

range of means and descriptions are considered:

Range of Means Descriptive Levels Interpretations

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4.20-5.00 Very high This means that the items in

student-teacher relationship are
always manifested.

3.40-4.19 High This means that the items in

student-teacher relationship are
oftentimes manifested.

2.60-3.39 Moderate This means that the items in

student-teacher relationship are
sometimes manifested.

1.80-2.58 Low This means that the items in

student-teacher relationship are
seldom manifested.

1.00-1.79 Very Low This means that the items in

student-teacher relationship are
never manifested.

The second set of questionnaire deals with the students’ motivation. The

following indicators are challenging, curiosity, and independent mastery. In

evaluating the level of students’ motivation, the five orderable gradations develop by

Impas and Gempes (2018) with their respective range of means and description are

considered:

Range of Means Descriptive Levels Interpretations

4.20-5.00 Very high This means that the items in

students’ motivation are always
manifested.
3.40-4.19 High This means that the items in
students’ motivation are oftentimes
manifested.
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2.60-3.39 Moderate This means that the items in

students’ motivation are sometimes
manifested.

1.80-2.58 Low This means that the items in

students’ motivation are seldom
manifested.
1.00-1.79 Very Low This means that the items in
students’ motivation are never
manifested.

Data Collection

After the approval of the panel members the researchers underwent the

following steps and procedures in gathering data for the study.

The researches asked the permission from the office of School Head to

conduct a study at Manuel S. Nasser Sr. National High School. Upon the approval,

the letter of endorsement signaled the researchers to administer clearly the printed

survey questionnaires to the respondents of the study and they were requested to

answer the questionnaires honestly so that valid data were gathered. The

researchers personally handed in the questionnaire along with an explanation of the

research tool and objectives. Then, the researchers retrieved the survey

questionnaires after the respondents have answered all the questions. The gathered

data were tallied and tabulated by the researchers before subjecting to statistical

treatment. The data was analyzed and interpreted confidentially as the researchers

upheld to the ethical considerations of research. Appropriate statistical tools were

employed in the analysis and interpretation of data gathered. Finally, the data
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conclusions and recommendations were formulated based on the findings of the

study.

Statistical Tools

The statistical tools that were used for data analysis and interpretations are
the following:

Mean. It was used to determine the level of student-teacher relationship and

students’ motivation of Junior and Senior High School students of Manuel S. Nasser

Sr. National High School

Standard deviation. It was used to provide additional information on the

variability or the spread of values about mean.

Pearson Product Moment of Correlation. It was used to determine the

significance between student-teacher relationship and students’ motivation among

the high school students of Manuel S. Nasser Sr. National High School

Simple Linear Regression Analysis. It was used to determine if the student-

teacher relationship significantly predicts students’ motivation among high school

students of Manuel S. Nasser Sr. National High School

Frequency Count and Percentage. This descriptive statistic was used to

describe the distribution of respondents according to the grade level in Manuel S.

Nasser Sr. National High School.

Ethical Consideration

In conducting research, there are many risks that the researchers need to

address. Researchers, must be aware the different ethical consideration in order to

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achieve meaningful outcomes. In this study, the researchers ensured that they

followed the rules of behavior of what the researchers should do in conducting

research. Aside from those, the researchers must also consider the following ethical

considerations: voluntary participation, privacy and confidentiality, informed consent

process, recruitment process, risks, benefits, and plagiarism.

Voluntary participation is a process in which an individual is willing to

participate in the investigation after fully knowing the purpose and its contribution to

the study. The researchers informed the participants of their voluntary involvement,

and they may withdraw anytime they want without having penalty or loss of benefit.

The respondents don’t need to provide a reason for leaving the study. They were

informed that their voluntary participation has no negative consequences or

repercussions to their selves if they choose not to participate. Privacy and

confidentiality ensure that any information their participant gives is always

confidential. They can only access the participant’s information that they provide and

make sure that their name are never attached to any information from the study. The

Informed consent process is a way in which the researchers give respect to the

participants. The consent also showed the contribution of the participants to the

study. The researchers ensured that the participant fully understood the information

attached to the consent form and that they affixed their signatures to it. In addition,

the recruitment process is a way in which the researchers guarantee that the

recruited participants must fit the following criteria. The level of risks, such as

emotional and physical, was given consideration, especially in answering the survey

questionnaire. The participants may choose not to answer the following questions if
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they feel uncomfortable. Risks ensure that research respondents should not be

harmed in any way. The researchers carefully observed the safety of their

respondents and their selves in conducting this study. Benefits, the primary goal of

this study is to offer sufficient supporting evidence and to generate new information

that could be useful in resolving the issue at hand. The finding of this study was

helping the students, teachers, and parents in spreading knowledge of the link

between student-teacher relationships to students’ motivation. Further, plagiarism

must also be taken into account when conducting research. Researchers need to

take thorough notes and reference all of their sources. The researchers ensured that

all of the data or other crucial info used in their study is always reliable. The study

were become credible if the sources of the information are acknowledged. In addition

to checking for plagiarism, the researchers were to paraphrase the words used, add

their ideas, cite or quote the source’s author, give proper credit to the original author

in an in-text citation, and apply a plagiarism checker before submitting to guarantee

that there is no plagiarism.